UNIT -3

YOGA FOR HEALTH

INTRODUCTION TO FIRST AID AND CPR

First aid is the first and immediate help given to injured person which may include cardio
pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while waiting for an ambulance

first aid can performed by someone with medical training or even unfriend a person

Everyone should learn (CPR )properly and also learn how to use automatic external
defibrillator (AED)

( AED) is a machine that is used for electric shock in case of cardiac arrest ( stopping of heart
beat)

THE KEY OBJECTIVES OF FIRST ADD RS FOLLOW

It's primary objective of first add is to minimize the pain and save lives

It include so accelerate the recovery from illness or injury such as applying band days to small
round or supporting a brokerage arm or leg

Note: it is important to not that first at cannot only done by train medical professions but it is
done by common person it involves common sense decision in the best interest of a injury person
in emergency situation

FOLLOWING ( ABCD )POINTS MAY BE NOTED IN THE PATIENT During SUCH

EMERGENCY:

Airway : Airways are clear?

Breathing: respiration is adequate?

Circulation:. Any possibility of internal?

Disability: difficulty in body functions

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Some points should be kept in mind to taken for benefit of the patient

To check the environment safe for the person

-The person is conscious or unconscious?

-If a person is unconscious,ask out loud (shout) ARE YOU OKAY?

-Call helpline number

- Try to feel pulses and listen breathing sound

-Begin CPR

-If AED is deliver a shock ,then begin CPR

CPR:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a life saving procedure. It is very useful when someone's

breathing or heartbeat has stopped.

Everyone should learn CPR. This may save someone's life during an emergency.

There are two situation regarding CPR

- If you are not trained or not confident about CPR then compress the chest of hundred
times in a minute and tell medical helps arrive
- If you are well trained then start CPR with 30 chest compression followed by two rescue
breaths ( mouth to mouth resuscitation, mask may be used to prevent transmission of
infection

Brain damage can happen or person may be die in 5 to 10 minutes if the CPR is not
provided

In adults CPR should be given by using both hands for the chest compression.The
compression rate is at least 100 per minute . It recommended order of interventions is
chest compression ,airway,breathing( CAB )and the comparession should be in
debth.about 5 cm in adult
While in small children the CP I should be given by using one hand and two fingers
(index and middle finger) . The compression should be done about 4 cm in children with
compression rate at least 100 per minute. It recommended order of interventions is
(ABC)Airway,breathing,chest compression

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MOUTH TO MOUTH RESUSCITATION

It recommended for adults that 30 times chest compression followed by two rescue breaths then
repeat the same cycle again and again until the medical has arrive while in children a at least two
train rescue are present rescue brethes for children and especially for baby should be relatively
gentle

CPR: METHOD: C-A-B

COMPRESSION

1. PUT THE PERSON ON HIS HER BACK ON FIRM SURFACE

2. Neil next to the person's neck and shoulders
3. Place place the one hand over the center of the person's chat chest place your other hand
on the top of the first hand
4. Use your upper body weight and push hard at the rate of 100 compression a minute
5. If you are trained in CPR gone to next step opening the airway and rescue breathing

AIRWAY

IF YOU ARE TRAINED IN CPR YOU HAVE TO PERFORM 30 CHEST COMPRESSION

OPEN THE PERSON'S AIRWAY PUT THE PALM ON THE PERSON'S FOREHEAD AND
GENTLE TILT THE HEAD BACK AND WITH THE OTHER HAND GENTLY LIVED THE
CHAIN FORWARD TO OPEN THE

BREATHING

Rescue reading can be mouth to mouth breeding a mask maybe used to prevent transmission of
infections

1. Prepare to give two rescue breeds 30 chest compression followed by two rescue breath
2. Reduce chest compression and as soon as automated external defibrillator (AED) is
available use it while following the instruction.
3. Continuous CPR until the emergency medical help arise

CPR CHILDREN'S :C-A-B

- Compressions

If you are alone, perform five cycles of compressions and breaths on the child - this

should take about two minutes - before calling your local emergency help number and

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 getting the AED, if one is available.

1. Put the child on the back on a firm ( not soft ) surface.

2. Kneel( a position where one or both knees are on the ground ) next to the child's neck and
shoulders.

3. Use two hands, or only one hand if the child is very small, to perform chest

compressions. Press straight down on the chest about 2 inches (approximately 5 cm). Push hard
at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions a minute.

4. If you haven't been trained in CPR, continue chest compressions until there are

signs of movement or until emergency medical help arrives.

Airway

If you're trained in CPR and you've performed 30 chest compressions, open the child's airway.
Put your palm on the child's forehead and gently tilt the head back. Then with on the other hand,
gently lift the chin forward to open the airway.

Breathing

Use the same compression-breath rate that is used for adults: 30 compressions followed by two
breaths. This is one cycle.

1. With the airway open, pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the
child's mouth with yours.

2. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath and watch to see if the chest
rises. If it does rise, give the second breath.

3. After the two breaths, immediately begin the next cycle of compressions and breaths.

4. Continue CPR until the child moves or emergency medical help arrives.

Yogic Management of Stress and its Consequences

CONCEPT OF STRESS

Stress is a universal term which is used by anyone or everyone without understanding it properly.
Stress is now formalized to mean any change within a system induced by external forces.When a
person faces problems in his everyday life which exceeds his resources for coping with them, he
feels stressed.

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 Definition

stress as a specific response of the body to all the unspecified demands . According to WHO, "
mental Health is a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities,
can cope (deal with ) with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make
a contribution to his or her community".

Types of STRESS

A good stress has the following characteristic features it:

- Motivates

- Focuses energy

- Improves performance

A bad stress has the following characteristic outcomes:

-Anxiety

- Tension

- Decrease performance

- Mental and Physical problems

CAUSES OF STRESS

1) FINANCIAL PROBLEMS

According to a survey, money is a significant source of stress. Financial stress can take months
or years to come out from. finance results in distress, which may bring up blood pressure

headaches etc…

2) WORK

Any amount of things can contribute to job stress including too much work, job insecurity,
dissatisfaction with a job or career, conflicts with a boss and/or coworkers, etc. Whether
worrying about a specific project or feeling unfairly treated..

3) PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

There are people in our lives that cause stress. It could be a family member, an

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intimate partner, friend, or coworker.

4) PARENTING

Parents are often faced with busy schedules that include a job, household duties, and raising
children which results in parenting stress. High levels of parenting stress can cause a parent to be
harsh, negative, and authoritarian in their interactions with children.

5) DAILY LIFE AND BUSY-NESS

Day-to-day stressors are our daily inconveniences. They include things like misplacing keys,
running late, and forgetting to bring an important item with you when leaving the house.

PERSONALITY AND RESOURCES

Personality traits can be independent sources of stress. Perfectionists may bring stress onto

themselves unnecessarily because of their exacting standards, experiencing more negative mental
and physical health consequences

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF STRESS

a. Common effects of stress on mood

Anxiety, restlessness, lack of motivation or focus, feeling overwhelmed, irritability or anger and
sadness or depression

b. Common effects of stress on your behavior

Overeating or undereating, anger outburst, drug or alcohol abuse, tobacco use and social
withdrawal.

EFFECTS OF STRESS

Stress is a natural, physical and mental reaction to life experiences. Everyone

experiences stress from time to time; Chronic stress can cause a variety of symptoms and can
affect your overall well-being. Some of the effects are

discussed below:

1) Respiratory and cardiovascular systems:

Stress hormones affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. During stress, breathing
becomes faster in an effort to quickly distribute oxygen-rich blood to our body. If one already has
a breathing problem like asthma or emphysema, stress can make it even harder to breathe.

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 As a result, frequent or chronic stress will make the heart work too hard for too long. When the
blood pressure rises, so does the risk of having a stroke or heart

attack.

2) Digestive system

Under stress, the liver produces extra blood sugar (glucose) to give the body aboost of energy. If
under chronic stress, the body may not be able to keep up with this extra glucose surge. Chronic
stress may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

3) Muscular system

The muscles tense up to protect themselves from injury when you're stressed.

They tend to release again once you relax, but if you're constantly under stress,

the muscles may not get the chance to relax.

4) Sexuality and reproductive system

Stress is exhausting for both the body and the mind. If stress continues for a Long time, a man's
testosterone level begins to drop and may also increase the risk of infection for malereproductive
organs like the prostate and testes.

For women, stress can affect the menstrual cycle. It leads to irregular, heavier, or more painful
periods. Chronic stress can also magnify the physical symptoms of menopause.

5) Immune system

stress hormones will weaken the immune system and reduce the body's response to foreign
invaders. People under chronic stress are more susceptible to viral illnesses like the flu and the
common cold, as well as other infections. Stress can also increase the time it takes for you to
recover from an illness or injury.

Yogic Management of Stress

For stress Management you can perform Surya namaskar, tadasana ,Vrikshasana etc…

Yoga and Diet

The yogic diet popularly known as sattvic diet is the most preferred diet. Sattvic diet contains
more fresh fruits and vegetables (spinach, cabbage, sprouts, garlic, onion, carrot, beetroots) in its
natural form, soup etc.. and avoid Rajasic and tamasic diet .

Yoga in prevention of common disease

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OBESITY

Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat accumulates to such an extent that health may be
affected. It is commonly defined as a Body Mass

Causes

A combination of excessive calorie consumption and a sedentary lifestyle are the primary causes
of obesity. In a few cases, increased food consumption can be attributed to genetic, medical or
psychiatric illness. Excess fat accumulation may be due to imbalance between energy intake and
energy expenditure. Actually, there are no specific causes but factors influencing are:

Diet: Consumption of high calorie and low fiber diet.

Sedentary Lifestyle: significant role in obesity.

Genetics: Polymorphisms in various genes controlling appetite and metabolism may predispose
to obesity.

Medical and psychiatric illness: Certain physical and mental illness and the pharmaceutical
substances used to treat them can increase the risk of obesity.

Early malnutrition: Endocrine changes that occur during periods of malnutrition may promote
the storage of fat, once more calories become available.

Gut Flora: There is an indication that gut flora in obese and lean individuals can affect the
individuals' metabolic potential. This apparent alteration of the metabolic potential is believed to
confer a greater capacity to harvest energy contributing to obesity.

Neurobiological mechanism:

appetite related hormones act on the hypothalamus, a region of the brain central to the regulation
of food intake and energy expenditure.

Psychological factors: Worry, anxiety, fear, feeling of loneliness, dissociation and frustration
may stimulate the person to overeat.

Water retention: Too much consumption of tea, coffee, aerated water, alcoholic Drinks result in
deposition of fluid in the body tissues and causes increase in weight.

The excessive fat accumulation can be measured through the following :

- Some expressions of weight in relation to height, especially one referred to as the body mass
index (BMI). .

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- Skinfold measurements.

- Various body circumferences, particularly the ratio of the waist to hip circumference.

Yogic Management of Obesity

1. Om chanting and prayer.

2. Shodhana Kriya, Kapalabhati, Kunjal, Agnisara, Nauli

3. Surya Namaskar

4. Yoga Asanas

5.Yama and Niyama etc ….

HYPERTENSION

Hypertension is the elevation of the blood pressure above normal. The levels of

Systolic and Diastolic pressure are both risk factors.

Classification of hypertension

1. Primary Hypertension (high blood pressure in the absence of any underlying disease):

- Benign Hypertension , Malignant Hypertension

2. Secondary Hypertension (high pressure due to some underlying disease):

Cardiovascular Hypertension , Endocrine Hypertension , Renal Hypertension , Neurogenic

Hypertension , Renal Failure , Left Ventricular Failure etc

Management of Hypertension

I. Dietary Management

2. Maintain a healthy lifestyle by maintaining adequate nutrition.

3.consuming food at regular intervals of time.

4. Avoid fried foods.

5. Avoid high salt content foods.( Sprinkle lemon juice over vegetables instead of table salt.)

6. Take foods rich in fibre, like vegetables and fruits such as apples, oranges, carrots, tomatoes,
and beans etc.

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7. Do not skip a meal. etc…….

Yogic Management

the practices prescribed for the hypertension cases are:

Kriyas: Jalneti, Sutraneti , Surya-namaskara and selected practices of Yoga

Asanas: Tadasana, Katichakrasana, Konasana, Uttanapadasana, Ardhhalasana,

Pavanamuktasana, Vajrasana, Ushtrasana, Bhujangasana, Dhanurasana, etc…

Pranayama: Nadishuddi, Ujjayi and Bhramari.

Meditation: Breath Awareness, Om Chanting and Om Meditation.

Contraindications: hyperventilation breathing practices should be avoided.

LOW BACK PAIN

Chronic back pain is a major cause of social and financial concerns as it is associated with
impaired quality of life, loss of productivity and large health care expenses. Pain and strain may
be caused by sports injury, work around the house or in the garden, or a sudden jerk such as car
accident or other stress on spinal bones and tissues.

Symptoms:

Symptoms may range from muscles ache to shooting or stabbing pain, limited flexibility and/or
range of motion or inability to stand straight.

Occasionally, pain felt in one part of the body due to disorder or injury

Chronic back pain is measured by duration - pain that persists for more than 3 months is
considered chronic. It is often progressive and the cause can be difficult to determine.

Causes of lower back pain:

- As age advances, bone strength and muscle elasticity and tone tend to decrease.

- Pain can occur when someone lifts something which is too heavy or over stretches, causing a
sprain, strain or spasm in one of the muscles or ligaments in the back.

- When the nerve roots become compressed or irritated, back pain results.

Yogic Management of Low Back Pain

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1. Om chanting and prayer

2. Spinal exercise: The simple spinal movements facilitate the practice of a

further range of Yogic techniques by loosening the joints and muscles.

3. Yoga Asanas: Tadasana, Urdhva Hastottanasana, Katichakrasana, Ardha Chakrasana, etc….

4. Pranayama: Nadi Shodhana Pranayama, Suryabhedana, Pranayama, Ujjayi, Bhramari

5. Special Practices: YogaNidra

6. Dhyana: Meditation Tips to a healthier back

Precautions

- Sleep on the side to reduce any curve in the spine. Always sleep on a firm surface.

- Don't try to lift objects too heavy. Keep the objects close to the body. Do not twist when lifting.

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Asthma is a disease of the respiratory system where the airways get narrowed, often

in response to a "trigger" such as exposure to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or

emotional stress. This narrowing causes symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of

breath, chest tightness, and coughing, which respond to bronchodilators.

Clinical course: Signs and symptoms of Asthma

Asthma is characterized by episodic dyspnea (difficulty in breathing),

wheezing and coughing , Difficulty in expiration.Tightness of the chest/discomfort in the chest

may be seen , Attack lasts from one to several hours , Severe attacks may affect the heart and
circulatory system etc…….

Management of Bronchial Asthma

. Dietary management

. The diet plays an important role in the management of asthma and other respiratory conditions.

. There are foods which are allergic to asthma patients and such foods should be avoided.

. Cold foods, ice creams, chocolates, other stimulants, fruits like banana etc. are to be avoided.

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. Also, the foods which add to the production of should be specifically avoided.

Yogic Management

1. Kriyas: Jala Neti, sutra neti, kapalabhati, kunjal, vastradhouti

2. Om chanting and prayer

3. Surya Namaskar

4. Yoga Asanas: Tadasana, Katichakrasana, Urdhva Hastottanasana, Gomukhasana, Ushtrasana,

Bhujangasana, Dhanurasana, Sarvangasana, Matsyasana, Shavasana etc……

6. Pranayama: Pranayama, Suryabhedi pranayama, Bhramari, Bhastrika.

7. Special Practice: Yoga Nidra

8. Dhyana: Meditation

ARTHRITIS

Clinical course: Signs and symptoms of arthritis

Regardless of the type of arthritis, the common symptoms for all arthritis disorders include
varied levels of pain, swelling, joint stiffness and sometimes a constant ache around joints. Other
than this a variety of symptoms can be found such as:

Inability to use the hand or walk.

Feeling tired.

Weight loss.

Poor sleep.

Muscle ache and pain etc….

Yogic Management of Arthritis:

1. Om chanting and prayer

2. Yoga Asanas: Tadasana, Pavanamuktasana , Vajrasana etc….

3. Pranayama: Nadi Shodhana Pranayama, Suryabhedana, Pranayama, Ujjayi, Bhramari

4. Special Practices: YogaNidra

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5. Dhyana: Meditation

Yoga and personality development

Personality: The term personality defines what an individual is. In contemporary psychology,
personality has been examined in a few different ways. Psychologists refer to personality as
qualities and characteristic behavior within an individual. personality development has several
interrelated dimensions namely, physical, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual.

Personality Development through Yoga

five koshas which surround the divine self or the atman. These sheaths, from the outermost to
innermost order are known as Annamaya Kosha (physical body), Pranamaya Kosha (energy
body), Manomaya Kosha (mental body) Vijnanamaya Kosha (bliss body). It is related to higher
levels of consciousness.

Yoga for Physical Development

● Yogic practices can play a vital role in in the body. It helps in preventing and curing
various ailments of the body and make body to work more efficiently. By Asanas we can
me our body flexible .

Yoga for Cognitive Development

● Mental development is the growth and change in cognitive processes such as attention,
memory, thinking, , imagination, and problem solving. It is a continuous process which
continues without any interruption during all the stages of life. Surya Namaskar, Tratak
and Pranayama helps to maintain the pineal gland (responsible for development of
cerebral faculty) and beneficial for learning, retaining information and memory.

Yoga for Emotional Development

● Emotional development can be considered in terms of control and expression of emotions

as well as management of relationships. Streaching exercises, relaxation techniques and
pranayamas are good tools for conditioning of the autonomic nervous system. These
yogic practices have been found to bring significant positive changes in the emotional
states of anxiety, stress, depression, regression, fatigue, guilt and arousal.

Yoga for Social Development

● Social development refers to the development of attitude and behavior in relation to

others behavior. The process by which the attitude and behavior of a child are brought
into harmony with others is called socialization.Yama, Niyama, Pratyahara and Dhyana
Ashtanga Yoga are important tools for social development.

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Yoga for Spiritual Development

● The texts on Yoga describe spiritual health as self awareness of one's natural state of
contentment. Spiritual development takes place in the form of habit, values, ethics etc.
Good habits and a strong value system inculcated right from childhood will have lasting
effects on the personality of a child. Dhyana is a powerful tool for spiritual growth.
Teaching and practice of Yama, Niyama and Meditation (Dhyana) are beneficial for
spiritual growth.

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