Smart Grids !
Basics to Advanced
Technologies
·
Instructors :· Prof - N . P .
Padhy
D
Prof -
Premlata Jena
TA !. Swastik Sharma
PhD Student , IIT Kampon
rotating
Pharos - vectors
icapI wo
V LOa
WAMS
t
Goals benefits
e
[to
:
&
Post-disturbance Adaptive Restoration
4ij
Monitoring Controllability
analysis Protection Activities
&• SCADA collects data every one or two seconds
• WAMS collects time-stamped data 20 to 60 times per
I Painflor
second.
• WAMS enriches the real-time monitoring of the system
Plan
&
, ↳ V2O -> Milli (i) (Oij-dij
=
Sig
Source: Internet and SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
1 CO
WAMS
Structure
Source: Internet
PMU benefits
•Provide wide-area situational awareness for system operators with improved visibility
into dynamic grid conditions.
•Determine stress points of the electric power system.
•Instantaneous measurements provide early warning detection alerts that SCADA
systems miss.
•Built in system-wide PMU analysis for future implementation of big data analytics,
artificial intelligence, and machine learning to proactively improve power systems and
prevent outages.
Source: [Link]
PMU Applications
Distribution
Transmission
System DER Monitoring
Monitoring
Monitoring
Source: Internet
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
PMU
PDC
Super DC
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
Optimal
PMU
placement
Example
S. Chakrabarti and E. Kyriakides, "Optimal
Placement of Phasor Measurement Units for
Power System Observability," in IEEE Transactions
on Power Systems, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1433-1440,
Aug. 2008, doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2008.922621.
WAMS
Applications
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
SG Monitoring
Oscillation Stability
Monitoring Monitoring
Source: Internet and SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
PMU Block
Diagram
Sampling
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
Source: Internet
PMU Operation
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
DFT
Full Cycle DFT Half Cycle DFT Cosine DFT Recursive DFT
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
Least Square based
Phasor Estimation
Zero-crossing based
Frequency
Estimation
Phasor based
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
Smart Grid Protection
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
Advantages and
Disadvantages
of Digital Relay
Subsystems of
a Digital Relay
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
Signal Scaling
Source: SG NPTEL IITR Lecture
Redundany
& of
correct tips
e-
Mo :
Reliability desired trips
NO- of
+ incourt
Mo ,
of
N Y trips
Dependability Security
↳ trip
↳ No-of
correct trips false
- corvettrips
desired trips NOof total
No -
of Nor of
trips
Source: Internet
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
MCQ
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·
