CCN1004 Creative and Critical Thinking
Semester One 2018/19
Tutorial Exercise 8 Inductive Reasoning
(A)
Determine whether the following arguments are inductive generalizations or analogical
arguments.
(i) The last three mobile phone I owned were Samsung Galaxy Note series, and they have
all been great! So I am not a bit worried about the new Note 7 model. You can’t argue
with first hand experience.
(ii) 人性基本上是醜惡的．不然在人類社會就不會發生 911，第一及第二次世界大戰，
還有近二十年發生在歐洲和非洲大陸數之不盡的種族屠殺．
(iii) 既然第一及第二次世界大戰對人類造成了巨大的破壞, 所以, 相信第三次世界大戰
也會對人類帶來巨大的摧殘.
(B)
(i)
Study the following passage and answer the questions.
細閱下文並回答有關的問題。
Peter is considering taking Advanced Logic from Dr. Chan. His friend Andy took this subject
and got an A last year. Peter infers that he, too, will get an A from Dr. Chan.
彼得正考慮是否該選修陳博士的高等邏輯。他的朋友安迪去年選修了這科，並獲得了
A 級的成績。彼得因此推論，他也會在陳博士手中拿到A 級成績。
(i) Identify the primary subject, the analogue, and the target property of this argument. (3 分)
找出這論證的主要項、類比項和目標性質。 (3 分)
(ii) How do the following facts bear on Peter’s argument? Explain your answers. (3 marks)
以下事實如何影響彼得的論證？解釋你的答案。 (3 分)
a. Andy took elementary logic in year one, but Peter did not take this course.
安迪在第一年曾選修基礎邏輯一科，但彼得卻沒選修過這科。
1
b. Andy likes building Gundam models, whereas Peter likes building tank models.
安迪喜愛砌高達模型，而彼得喜愛砌坦克模型。
c. Both Andy and Peter are major in philosophy.
安迪和彼得都主修哲學。
(From CCT final exam 0910S2)
(ii)
Study the following passage and answer the questions.
細閱以下文字並回答以下問題。
“Labelling tobacco products and alcohol with warnings about potential harm is good. But
why not extend the comparison? If smoking is restricted at sports events, why do we allow
people to drink there? If smoking is prohibited in restaurants, why do we allow people to
drink there?”
「在煙酒產品上貼上可能危害健康的標籤，是一件好事。但為甚麼這兩種產品不作進
一步的比較？如果體育活動禁止吸煙，那為何准許人們在體育活動中喝酒？如果餐廳
內禁止吸煙，那為何容許人們在餐廳內喝酒？」
(i) What are the primary subject, the analogue, and the target property of the above
argument
?
(3 marks)
上述論證的主要項、類比項和目標性質分別是甚麼？ (3分)
(ii) Rewrite the above argument in standard form. (3 marks)
以標準式重寫以上論證。 (3分)
(From CCT final exam 0910S1)
