READING SECTION – Matching heading
Cách làm Matching heading
B1: Gạch chân các từ khóa (keywords)(S,V,adj,adv,số/ngày/tháng/năm trong tiêu đề (headings)
+ Chú ý: Loại bỏ các tiêu đề và đoạn văn đã ví dụ (nếu có) hoặc đoạn văn đề bài ko yêu cầu
B2: So sánh các điểm tương đồng hoặc khác biệc giữ các tiêu đề
Ví dụ: i. Complaints about the impact of a certain approach
=> Những phàn nàn về ảnh hưởng của 1 phương pháp cụ thể
ii. Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages than advantages
=> Bằng chứng cho thấy răng 1 phương pháp cụ thể có thể có nhiều bất lợi hơn là lợi ích
B3: Tìm ý chính của đoạn văn
- Hạn chế đọc câu đầu câu cuối
- Khi đọc chú ý những cụm từ sau:
+ Tập trung vào content words(từ nội dung): đóng vai trò chính quyết định ý nghĩa của câu - noun/ verb
phrases, adjectives, adverbs (kể cả những từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm), các từ phủ định (not,
never,but,however), các từ chỉ trình tự hành động (originally, first, final, next, …)
+ Tạm thời bỏ qua các function words(chức năng từ): không đóng vai trò nhiều về ý nghĩa và được thêm vào
câu để đảm bảo các yếu tố về ngữ pháp. (articles(mạo từ) - the, a, an, động từ nối - be, become, feel, remain,
help, let, allow, …, giới từ - in, on, at)
+ Tạm thời bỏ qua các thành phần bổ nghĩa: mệnh đề quan hệ,(who,whom,which,that,where,when…) phần
nằm trong ngoặc, giữa các dấu phẩy, chức danh, nghề nghiệp của một người; những cụm từ chỉ ý kiến (…
suggests/ says/ claims that), phần ví dụ => tạm thời bỏ phần này vào ngoặc.
B4: Lựa chọn tiêu đề phù hợp
Vocabulary
1. to specialise in (v):chuyên về
2. the new downtown:trung tâm thành phố mới
3. alley:ngõ/hẻm
4. a recreation center:trung tâm giải trí
5. ski slopes:đường/dốc trượt tuyết
6. to grab:bắt,nắm,chụp
7. the seasonal changes:thay đổi theo mùa
8. stalls:gian hàng
9. lobby:đại sảnh
10. bungee jumping:nhảy dây bungee
11. open-air malls:trung tâm thương mại ngoài trời(lộ thiên)
12. virtual malls:trung tâm thương mại ảo(tiktok,shopee…)
13. find bargain:tìm kiếm món giá hời/giá rẻ
14. go from strength to strength:phát triển mạnh mẽ
THE FUTURE OF MALLS
A Shopping malls have never been just about shopping. They began in the United States after the Second
World War and, for the young, they were always a place to 'hang out' and be seen. However, the world has
moved on, and just providing shops and a food court is no longer enough to keep malls alive. Malls became
less popular at the start of the 21st century, mainly because of online shopping. There is even a website,
deadmalls.com, which shows the end of many US malls. Malls need to change to survive. So what will the mall
of the future look like?
B Malls are already becoming bigger and better all over the world. Asia and not the US is now the 'mall capital'
of the world and is home to the five largest malls in the world. China is home to the two largest. Some malls in
the Middle East and East Asia are starting to specialise. It is predicted that this will happen more and more in
the future. Some malls will only sell electrical items, for example, or only fashion for young people. Some malls
will only include expensive shops or cheap shops, as already happens in Bangkok and Singapore.
C Malls are becoming 'the new downtown', with cinemas, bowling alleys, climbing walls and even concert halls.
Xanadu, a mall 30 km from Madrid, is a recreation centre for a family day out as well as a shopping centre,
with ski slopes, minigolf, go-karts, balloon rides, bowling and billiards. We have always been able to grab a
burger at the mall, but in the future we are going to see 'fine dining' too, with more expensive restaurants
based at malls, as well as spas, fitness centres and art galleries. There are also going to be more apartments
and office space so that more people can live, work, shop and be entertained in one location.
D Mall owners are going to need to think of new ideas to remain in business. One growing trend is the
seasonal changes in the mall. It began with having Santa Claus in December, but now there are 'pop-ups' -
temporary shops, stalls and kiosks - for other seasons and events. Brent Cross in North London has an 'urban
beach' in summer, and its main lobby has different promotions and events every week, from bungee jumping
for kids to free health checks.
E So, we have looked at the facitities malls will need to offer. Malls will need to consider the environment too.
There will be more open-air malts and more natural features. Mall designers will have to make sure people can
get there by public transport. They will also need to use more natural sources of heat and light. We will see
more plants, trees, grass and even waterfalls at our local malls in the future.
F The future of malls looks exciting: there will be 'virtual malts' and technology will be used within malts to help
us shop, find bargains and even park our car. With all these creative innovations, the malt will go from strength
to strength.
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from
the list of headings {i-v} below. Write the correct number, i-v. There are one heading you won't need.
i Innovate(đổi mới,cải tiến) and stay alive(duy trì=remain)
ii Fast food paradise (thiên đường ẩm thực)
iii Expanding and improving(mở rộng và cải thiện)
iv Malls and the natural world
v A new city centre
1. Paragraph B __iii_____
2. Paragraph C __v_____
3. Paragraph D ___i____
4. Paragraph E ____iv___
Vocabulary
1. craft work:công việc thủ công
2. bargain price:giá rẻ = resonable price price = cheap
3. chain stores:chuỗi cửa hàng
4. identical:giống nhau
5. antique:đồ cỗ
6. mass-produced:sản xuất hàng loạt
7. moose:nai sừng tấm
8. flea market:chợ trời
9. lay out:bày hàng/sắp xếp
10. handicrafts:đồ thủ công
11. textiles:vải dệt
12. glassware:đồ thủy tinh
13. ceramics:đồ gốm=china
14. affordable price:giá cả hợp lý
15. handloom fabrics:vải dệt bằng tay
16. embroidered lace:ren thêu
17. hut: nhà tranh vách lá
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from
the list of headings {i-vii} below. Write the correct number, i-vii. There are one heading you won't need.
List of headings
i Local art and craft work to take home(đem về nhà làm)
ii Inexpensive things to eat straight from the countryside(đồ không mắc mà có thể ăn
ngay tại chỗ)
iii Toys for children of all ages
iv Invent a new style for yourself at bargain prices(sáng tạo 1 phong cách mới với
giá hời)
v London has the best markets
vi Find gifts for winter celebrations(tìm quà cho lễ hội/buổi tiệc mùa đông)
vii Sell what you don’t need(bán cái mình không cần)
1. Paragraph B _______
2. Paragraph C _______
3. Paragraph D _______
4. Paragraph E _______
5. Paragraph F _______
Market around the world
A We have become so used to shopping in big supermarkets and chain stores, identical in every town, that we
have forgotten about one important way to shop - markets. Markets are found in every country in the world, but
wherever you go they are different and reveal the local culture - and agriculture. From farmers' markets selling
fresh produce to craft and antique markets, they are the best place to find something unique at a great price.
B Food is at its cheapest and freshest in markets. Farmers often sell direct to the consumer, without all the
packaging, shipping and advertising that increases costs in shops and supermarkets. You can often find
unusual products and those that are not mass-produced. Food markets vary hugely according to where they
are in the world. For example the Kauppatori market in Helsinki, Finland sells moose, reindeer and bear
salami. Wherever you are, food will be locally produced and reasonably priced.
C Markets are also good places to buy clothes. Some sell cheap new and second-hand clothes, while others
specialise in vintage or ethically made clothes and original items. The markets of London are some of the best
in the world for those who want to create a unique look for themselves. Many new designers start with a
market stall, so if you are looking for a totally original item of clothing, you could get something really special at
a bargain price at Brick Lane, Spitalfields or Portobello Road markets.
D Another type of market is a flea market. This is a much more informal type of market, where second-hand
products can be sold by anyone. If you have unwanted items at home, you could take them to a flea market
and sell them yourself. There are also antiques and possibly local crafts at this kind of market. In some parts of
the world there may not even be stalls; rather, vendors lay out their goods on a sheet on the ground. In other
parts of the world, flea markets have developed into car boot sales, where people sell their unwanted items
from their cars.
E In some places, markets are directed at visitors and tend to sell handicrafts typical of the region. For many
tourists, a visit to a nearby market to buy souvenirs is an important part of their holiday. Guadalajara in Mexico
has a huge range of traditional textiles, glassware, ceramics and art works and Seoul in Korea has some
wonderful original designs of all kinds of products at affordable prices. Countries in the Middle East usually
have beautiful hand-made rugs and carpets, and Indian markets sell colourful handloom fabrics and beautiful
silk scarves.
F In Europe, Christmas is the time when seasonal markets are held to sell decorations and gifts for the festive
season. One of the most famous of these is held in Wenceslas Square in Prague in the Czech Republic. The
market is made up of colourfully decorated wooden huts selling traditional handicrafts, embroidered lace,
wooden toys, scented candles, Christmas tree ornaments, and puppets and dolls beautifully dressed in
traditional costumes. This looks very pretty, especially in the snow.
G So, wherever you are in the world and whatever you are looking for, there is a market for you. You can get
all kinds of unusual things at great prices.
Homework
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
List of Headings
i. Reasons for the rise in automobile sales(lý do cho việc tăng cao của bán xe tự động)
ii. Changes in automobile use in the United States(sự thay đổi về cách sử dụng automobile)
iii. The history of transportation in America(lịch sử của phương tiện giao thông)
iv. Problems with car ownership(những vấn đề với chủ sở hữu xe)
v. Seeking solutions for a transportation problem(tìm giải pháp cho vấn đề phương tiện giao thông)
vi. The impact of the automobile on America(ảnh hưởng của automobile ở Mỹ)
1 Paragraph A _______
2 Paragraph B_______
3 Paragraph C_______
A
During American history, perhaps nothing has had such an immense influence on the American lifestyle than
the growth of personal car ownership. The automobile allowed Americans to easily travel across their immense
nation and came to symbolise freedom. Car ownership became a rite of passage and as more and more
Americans bought them, this caused a great shift in demographics in the country. With their increased mobility,
Americans were able to move out of the cities and into the suburbs. For many, owning a suburban home with a
yard and white picket fence came to symbolise the 'American Dream'.
B
However, some do not see the automobile as a great symbol of freedom. In fact, they consider our reliance
upon automobiles to be a burden. For most people, the ever-increasing prices of automobiles make them large
investments. Further, fuel, insurance, and maintenance costs can make them even more unaffordable. While
this may seem like an individual problem, it has had a major negative impact on society as a whole. When the
previously mentioned suburban flight drained cities of middle and upper class citizens who could afford private
transportation, the overall income levels of the cities dropped. This led to a decline in tax revenue and caused
widespread urban decay.
C
Interestingly, with more than 250 million cars currently on the roads of America, some believe that the country
has reached what professor Phil Goodwin refers to as 'peak car'. This basically means that Americans are
travelling less by car than they were before. One of the most commonly cited reasons for this is that people are
moving back into the cities. With this reurbanisation, citizens have increased access to affordable public
transportation. After comparing the costs of purchasing and maintaining a car to this public transportation,
many Americans have begun to forego car ownership altogether.
