Grade 12

Mathematics

Maths and Science Infinity

CAPS Syllabus
Probability
Contingency Tables

Felix Pagona Asitandile Yanxa Thulani Mjikwa

Senior Facilitator Lead Facilitator Senior Facilitator

 TWO-WAY CONTINGENCY TABLES
MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE events A and B: P(A and B) ≠ P(A) × P(B)
INDEPENDENT events A and B: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B)

TUTORIAL 1
Activity 1
Each of the 200 employees of a company wrote a competency test. The results are indicated in
the table below:

Pass Fail Total

Males 46 32 78
Females 72 50 122
Total 118 82 200

1.1 Are the events PASS and FAIL mutually exclusive? Explain your answer. (2)
1.2 Is passing the competency test independent of gender? Substantiate your answer with
the necessary calculations. (4)
[6]
Activity 2
One hundred and seventy-five movie critics were invited to preview a new movie. After seeing
the movie, a survey was conducted and the results were recorded in a two-way contingency
table.

Age < 𝟒𝟎 Age ≥ 𝟒𝟎 Totals

Like the movie 65 37 102
Did not like the 𝑏 31 𝑎
movie
Totals 𝑐 𝑑 175

2.1 Calculate the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑, and in the contingency table. (4)
2.2 A movie critic is selected at random. What is the probability that the critic was less
than 40 years old and did not like the movie? (2)
2.3 Are the events, age of the critic and preference for the movie, independent?
Support your answer with the appropriate calculations. (4)
[10]

2
Activity 3
A survey concerning their holiday preferences was done with 180 staff members. The options
they could choose from were to:
 Go to the coast  Visit a game park  Stay at home
The results were recorded in the table below:
Coast Game Park Home Total
Male 46 24 13 83
Female 52 38 7 97
Total 98 62 20 180

3.1 Determine the probability that a randomly selected staff member:

3.1.1 Is male (1)
3.1.2 Does not prefer visiting a game park. (2)
3.2 Are the events being a male and staying at home independent events. Motivate your
answer with relevant calculations. (4)
[7]
Activity 4
Each passenger on a certain Banana Airways flight choose exactly one beverage from tea, coffee
or fruit juice. The results are shown in the table below:
MALE FEMALE TOTAL
TEA 20 40 60
Coffee 𝑏 𝑐 80
Fruit juice 𝑑 𝑒 20
TOTAL 60 100 𝑎

4.1 Write down the value of 𝑎. (1)

4.2 What is the probability that a randomly selected passenger is male? (2)
4.3 Given that the event of a passenger choosing coffee is independent of being a male,
calculate the value of 𝑏. (4)
[7]

3
 TUTORIAL 2
Activity 1
In a survey, 800 Grade 11 and 12 learners were polled to see which brands of soft drinks they
prefer. The results are tabulated in the contingency table below. Fill in the missing values in
the table and answer the questions that follow:
Grade 11 Grade 12 Total
Likes brand A 200 364
Likes brand B 196
Total 440

1.1 Determine the probability of selecting a Grade 12 learner. (1)

1.2 Determine the probability of selecting a learner that likes brand A. (1)

1.3 Determine the probability of selecting a learner in Grade 12 that likes brand A. (2)

1.4 Is a learner’s preference for brand independent of Grade? Show all relevant
calculations. (4)

[8]
Activity 2
In order to determine if side effects on drug A are related to gender, a study was conducted.
The results are tabulated in the in the contingency table below. Complete and use it to answer
the question below.
Male Female Total
Had side effects 1 500 3 000
Had no side effects 1 000
Total 5 000

2.1 Determine the probability that a person chosen at random will not have side effects
and be a male. (2)
2.2 Determine the probability that a person that had side effects will be a female. (3)
2.3 Show that being a female and not having side effects are independent events. (4)
[9]

4
Activity 3
An airplane company transports passengers to a holiday resort daily. Upon boarding this
flight beverages are given. Each passenger chooses exactly one beverage from the list.
Male Female Total
Tea 35 45 80
Coffee 𝑥 𝑦 90
Fruit juice 𝑧 𝑤 30
Total 80 120 𝑝

3.1 Write down the value of 𝑝. (1)

3.2 Calculate the probability that random selected passenger is a female. (2)
3.3 If choosing fruit juice is independent of being a male, calculate the value of 𝑧. (6)
[9]
Activity 4
Learners at a hostel may choose a meal and a drink for lunch. Their selections on a certtain
day were recorded and shown in the partially completed table below.
Male Female Total
Had side effects 1 500 3 000
Had no side effects 1 000
Total 5 000

The probability of a learner choosing fruit juice and a sandwich on that day was 0,48.
4.1 Calculate the number of learners who choose fruit juice and sandwich on that day. (1)
4.2 Is the choice of fruit juice independent of the choice of a sandwich for lunch on
that day? Show ALL calculations to motivate your answer. (4)
[5]
Activity 5
Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
Like Sport Do not like sport Total
Male (M) 80 𝑏 𝑐
Female (F) 𝑎 90 𝑑
Total 200 150 350

5.1 Write down the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 and 𝑑. (4)

5.2 Is the event liking a sport independent of gender? Show all calculations. (4)