Contents:
Chapter 1 : Multi-variables Functions
Chapter 2: Partial Derivatives
Chapter 3: Double & Triple Integrals
Chapter 4: Vector Functions
Chapter 5: Line Integrals
Chapter 6: Surface Integrals
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Chapter 1: Multivariable Functions
1.1 Functions of two variables
Definition:
A function f of two real variables, x, and y, is a rule that
assigns a unique real number f ( x, y ) to each point ( x, y )
in some set D of the xy –plane.
The domain of a function is a set of points at which the
function is defined.
Example 1.1:
Let f ( x, y ) 3x 2 y 1. Find f (1,4) , f (0,9) , and the
natural domain of f.
Example 1.2:
Sketch the natural domain of the function
f ( x, y ) ln( x 2 y )
Example 1.3
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Find the domain and the range of the function f ( x, y )
xy
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Given 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
Definition: A level curve of a function f ( x, y ) is the
curve f ( x, y ) c in the xy-plane. It consists of the points
x, y where the function has the value c.
Let 𝑥 = 𝑐=constant. A curve 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑦) in the 𝑦𝑧-plane is
called a trace.
Let 𝑦 = 𝑐=constant. A curve 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑥𝑧-plane is
called a trace.
Example:
Given 𝑧 = 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 9.
(i) Sketch the levels curves of the function for
𝑧 = −9, −5,0,7.
(ii) Sketch the traces of the function for 𝑥 = 0
and 𝑦 = 0.
(iii) Sketch the graph of the function.
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Common surfaces
𝑥2 𝑦2
1. Paraboloid : 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2
2. Cone : 𝑐𝑧 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝑧2 𝑥2 𝑦2
3. Double cones : 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
4. Ellipsoid : 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 1
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
5. Hyperboloid of one sheet : 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2 = 1
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
6. Hyperboloid of two sheets: − 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 1
𝑥2 𝑦2
7. Hyperbolic Paraboloid : − 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐𝑧, 𝑐 >0
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1.2 Functions with three variables
Definition:
A function f of three real variables, x, y, and z, is a rule
that assigns a unique real number f ( x, y, z ) to each point
( x, y, z ) in some set D of three-dimensional space.
Example:
Find the domain of the following functions:
(i) f ( x, y, z ) xy ln z
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(ii) f ( x, y, z ) 2
x y2 z2
Level Surfaces
Definition: A level surface of f ( x, y, z ) is the surface
f ( x, y, z ) c in xyz-space where the function has a
constant value.
Example:
If w f ( x, y, z ) z x 2 y 2 c , sketch the level
surfaces of f , for c 1,0,1,2 .
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