GENERAL GUIDE TO

STAINLESS STEEL
(Partial List)
AUSTENITIC: Non-magnetic, Chrome-Nickel series
A.I.S.I.
U.N.S. Characteristics End-Use
301 Able to attain tempers from 1⁄4 through full Kitchen sinks, Automotive wheel
S30100 hard, extra full hard by cold rolling. covers. Toaster springs, Seat belt
Withstands severe forming in annealed buckles.
condition.
303 Highest machinability rating among the Nuts and bolts, threaded rods,
S30300 300 series. Forming and welding are not Fittings.
recommended.
304 Excellent corrosion resistance and suitable Food Industry, Chemical Industry,
S30400 for deep drawing applications when Nickel Deep drawing applications, Aesthetic
content is increased. Carbon content application.
.08% max.
304L Same characteristics as 304 with a lower Large fabricated equipment.
S30403 carbon content .03% max. Used when
post weld annealing is impossible. The
lower carbon content reduces carbide pre-
10 cipitation in the welded zone.
Stainless 316 Molybdenum bearing alloy with better Marine coastal environments, Pulp
Steel S31600 overall corrosion resistance than 304 and and paper industry, Chemical and
higher creep strength at elevated temper- petrochemical Industry.
atures.
316L Same characteristics as 316 with a lower Large fabricated equipment.
S31603 Carbon content .03 max. Good corrosion
resistance in high temperature intermittent
service. Used when post weld annealing is
impossible. The lower carbon content
reduces Carbide precipitation in the weld-
ed zone.
317L Higher Molybdenum content than 316 for Corrosive environments. Chemical
S31703 better corrosion resistance. Carbon con- and petrochemical industries.
tent .03% max.
309 Heat resisting alloy with good corrosion Furnace parts, Baffles, Cement kiln
S30900 resistance. High tensile and creep chains. Exhaust manifold butterfly
309S strengths as well as at elevated tempera- valves.
S30908 tures. 309S has a lower Carbon content
.03 max.
310 Improved characteristics over 309 and Furnace parts, Carburizing boxes,
S31000 better scaling resistance in intermittent Heat exchangers, Oil burner parts.
310S elevated temperatures. Grade 310 has a
S31008 low co-efficient of expansion.

Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel

A.I.S.I.
U.N.S. Characteristics End-Use
15-5PH Chrome-Nickel alloys with other alloying Springs, clips, High strength shafts,
S15500 elements such as Cu, Cb, Ta. Al, offering aircraft components.
17-4PH good corrosion resistance. They can be
S17400 hardened by solution treating and aging to
15-7PH high strength.
S15700
17-7PH
S17000

FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL YOUR

RUSSEL METALS SALES REPRESENTATIVE

10MPage 2
 GENERAL GUIDE TO
STAINLESS STEEL
(Partial List)
FERRITIC: Magnetic, non-hardenable by heat treatment
A.I.S.I.
U.N.S. Characteristics End-Use
409 Heat resistant alloy with a minimum Automotive exhaust systems.
S40900 chrome content; undesirable for aesthetic Greenhouse heat exchangers, heat
applications as a surface rust can form in recuperators.
moist atmospheres.
430 Base grade alloy in the Ferritic family with Automotive trim, chimney liners,
S43000 a good corrosion resistance to nitric acid kitchen equipment, architectural
and some organic acids; better heat resis- applications, cutlery, water evap-
tance than the 409 and 410 grades. Good orators.
formability in annealed condition and
maximum corrosion resistance in bright
condition.
434 A modified 430 grade with molybdenum Automotive trim, chimney liners.
S43400 added for improved corrosion resistance
to road salt attack.
436 Another grade of 430 with niobium added Automotive trim.
S43600 for improved formability and surface char-
acteristics.
444 A chrome-moly stabilized with titanium Solar panels, heat exchanger tubing,
S44400 and/or columbium for improved resis- chemical processing equipment, hot
tance to pitting, intergranular and stress water tanks.
corrosion.
MARTENSITIC: Magnetic, hardenable by heat treatment
A.I.S.I.
U.N.S. Characteristics End-Use
410 Base grade in the 400 series that can be Bolts, nuts and screws, valves, mine
S41000 hardened by heat treatment; must be pol- ladder rungs, petroleum industry
410S ished for maximum corrosion resistance. equipment.
S41008 410S has a lower carbon content for
improved weldability
416 Excellent machinability rating, available Bolts, nuts, gears and studs, motor
S41600 with various sulfur contents for different shafts, automatic screw, machine
specific applications, maximum hardness parts, valve parts.
is reached by heat treatment.
420 Highest hardness in the 12% chrome Cutlery, knife blades, shear blades.
S42000 grade after heat treatment; must be pol-
ished for maximum corrosion resistance.
DUPLEX
A.I.S.I.
U.N.S. Characteristics End-Use
2205 The best of both worlds; high strength of Truck-tanks, boat tankers, railway
S31803 the 400 series and the corrosion resis- tankers.
tance of the 300 series. This allows for
reduced weight on fabricated equipment.

“UNS” SYSTEM NOTIFIED STAINLESS STEEL

WITH A CAPITAL “S” FOLLOWED BY FIVE DIGITS

10MPage 3
A.I.S.I. STAINLESS TYPE NUMBERS –
Chemical Analysis Specifications
AISI Mn. Si
Type No. Carbon Max. Max. Chromium

301 .15 Max. 2.00 1.00 16.00/18.00

302 Over .08/.15 2.00 1.00 17.00/19.00
302B Over .08/.15 2.00 2.00/3.00 17.00/19.00
303 .15 Max. 2.00 1.00 17.00/19.00

303SE .15 Max. 2.00 1.00 17.00/19.00

304 .08 Max. 2.00 1.00 18.00/20.00
304L .03 Max. 2.00 1.00 18.00/20.00
305 .12 Max. 2.00 1.00 17.00/19.00
308 .08 Max. 2.00 1.00 19.00/21.00
309 .20 Max. 2.00 1.00 22.00/24.00
309S .08 Max. 2.00 1.00 22.00/24.00
309SCb .08 Max. 2.00 1.00 22.00/24.00
310 .25 Max. 2.00 1.50 24.00/26.00
310S .08 Max. 2.00 1.50 24.00/26.00
314 .25 Max. 2.00 1.50/3.00 23.00/26.00
316 .08 Max. 2.00 1.00 16.00/18.00
316L .03 Max. 2.00 1.00 16.00/18.00
317 .08 Max. 2.00 1.00 18.00/20.00
318 .08 Max. 2.50 1.00 17.00/19.00

(Continued specifications from section above)

AISI Other
Type No. Nickel Elements U.N.S.

301 16.00/18.00 S30100

302 18.00/10.00 S30200
302B 18.00/10.00 S30215
303 18.00/10.00 S.15 Min.* S30300
Mo. .60 Max.
303SE 18.00/10.00 SE .15 Min. S30323
304 18.00/11.00 S30400
304L 18.00/11.00 S30403
305 10.00/13.00 S30500
308 10.00/12.00 S30800
309 12.00/15.00 S30900
309S 12.00/15.00 S30908
309SCb 12.00/15.00 Cb. + Ta. 10xC. Min.
310 19.00/22.00 S31000
310S 19.00/22.00 S31008
314 19.00/22.00
316 10.00/14.00 Mo. 2.00/3.00 S31600
316L 10.00/14.00 Mo. 2.00/3.00 S31603
317 11.00/14.00 Mo. 3.00/4.00 S31700
318 13.00/15.00 Mo. 2.00/3.00
Cb. + Ta. 10xC. Min.
Cont’d

10MPage 27
A.I.S.I. STAINLESS TYPE NUMBERS –
Chemical Analysis Specifications
AISI Mn. Si
Type No. Carbon Max. Max. Chromium

321 .08 Max. 2.00 1.00 17.00/19.00

347 .08 Max. 2.00 1.00 17.00/19.00
348 .08 Max. 2.00 1.00 17.00/19.00

403 .15 Max. 1.00 1.50 11.50/13.00

405 .08 Max. 1.00 1.00 11.50/14.50
409 .08 Max. 1.00 1.00 10.00/13.00
410 .15 Max. 1.00 1.00 11.50/13.50
414 .15 Max. 1.00 1.00 11.50/13.50
416 .15 Max. 1.25 1.00 12.00/14.00
420 Over .15 1.00 1.00 12.00/14.00
420F Over .15 1.25 1.00 12.00/14.00
430 .12 Max. 1.00 1.00 14.00/18.00
430F .12 Max. 1.25 1.00 14.00/18.00
431 .20 Max. 1.00 1.00 15.00/17.00
440A .60/1.75 1.00 1.00 16.00/18.00
440B .75/1.95 1.00 1.00 16.00/18.00
440C .95/1.20 1.00 1.00 16.00/18.00
440F .95/1.20 1.25 1.00 16.00/18.00
442 .25 Max. 1.00 1.00 18.00/23.00
446 .35 Max. 1.00 1.00 23.00/27.00

(Continued specifications from section above)

AISI Other
Type No. Nickel Elements U.N.S.

321 9.00/12.00 Ti. 5xC. Min. S32100

347 9.00/13.00 Cb. + Ta. 10xC. Min. S34700
348 9.00/13.00 Cb. + Ta. 10xC. Min. S34800
Ta. 10 Max.
403 S40300
405 Alum. .10/.30 S40500
409 S .030 Max. S40900
410 S41000
414 1.25/2.50 S41400
416 * S41600
420 S42000
420F * S42020
430 S43000
430F * S43020
431 1.25/2.50 S43100
440A Mo. 0.75 Max. S44002
440B Mo. 0.75 Max. S44003
440C Mo. 0.75 Max. S44004
440F *
442 S44200
446 N2 0.25 Max. S44600
NOTE: Phosphorus .04 Max. and Sulphur .03 Max. – all Types except 303, 416, 420 F, 430 F, and 440F.
*Types 303, 416, 420 F, 430 F and 440 F – Phosphorus or Sulphur or Selenium .07 Min.,
Molybdenum or Zirconium .60 Max.
The chemical analysis of the “T” designations used in the A.S.T.M. specifications covering
our stocks of Seamless and Welded Stainless Pipe and Tubing vary slightly from the analy-
ses of the AISI Type numbers shown above.

10MPage 28
NOMINAL PROPERTIES –
AISI STAINLESS STEELS
Alloy Physical Properties Type 304 Type 321 Type 347 Type 316 Type 317
Physical Properties – AISI Stainless Steels
Density lb./cu. in. . . . . . . . . . . . 150.28 150.28 150.28 150.29 150.29
low carbon steel = 1.00. . . . 151.01 151.01 151.01 151.02 151.02
Specific Electrical Resistance
at 68°F.
microhms/cm.3 . . . . . . . . . . 170.00 171.00 171.00 172.30 172.30
microhms/in.3 . . . . . . . . . . . 127.60 128.00 128.00 128.50 128.50
low carbon steel = 1.00. . . . 126.40 126.50 126.50 126.60 126.60
Melting Range °F. . . . . . . . . . . . 2550-2590 2550-2590 2550-2590 2550-2550 2550-2550
Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Austenitic Austenitic Austenitic Austenitic Austenitic
Magnetic Permeability
as annealed . . . . . . . . . . . . . u = 1.00 u = 1.00 u = 1.00 u = 1.00 u = 1.00
after 10% reduction of area u = 1.10 u = 1.10 u = 1.10 u = 1.10 u = 1.10
Specific Heat
cal./°C./gm. (0° to 100°C.) 150.12 150.12 150.12 150.12 150.12
B.t.u./°F./lb. (32° to 212°F.) 150.12 150.12 150.12 150.12 150.12
low carbon steel = 1.00
(0° to 100°C.) 151.10 151.10 151.10 151.10 151.10
Thermal conductivity
cal./cm2/sec./°C./cm., at
100°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.03 150.03 150.03 150.03 150.03
B.t.u./sq. ft./hr./°F./in., at
212°F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.00 112.00 112.00 108.00 108.00

Alloy Physical Properties Type 310 Type 405 Type 409 Type 430 Type 446
Physical Properties – AISI Stainless Steels
Density lb./cu. in. . . . . . . . . . . . 150.28 150.27 15.28 150.27 150.27
low carbon steel = 1.00. . . . 151.01 151.97 ..... 151.96 151.95
Specific Electrical Resistance
at 68°F.
microhms/cm.3 . . . . . . . . . . 179.00 161.00 161.00 159.00 167.00
microhms/in.3 . . . . . . . . . . . 131.00 123.60 ..... 123.20 126.40
low carbon steel = 1.00. . . . 127.20 125.50 ..... 125.40 126.10
Melting Range °F. . . . . . . . . . . . 2550-2650 2700-2790 2700-2790 2710-2750 2710-2750
Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Austenitic Ferritic ..... Ferritic Ferritic
Magnetic Permeability Ferro- Ferro- Ferro-
as annealed . . . . . . . . . . . . . u = 1.00 magnetic magnetic magnetic
after 10% reduction of area ..... Ferro- Ferro- Ferro-
Specific Heat magnetic ..... magnetic magnetic
cal./°C./gm. (0° to 100°C.) 150.12 150.11 150.11 150.11 150.12
B.t.u./°F./lb. (32° to 212°F.) 150.12 150.11 150.11 150.11 150.12
low carbon steel = 1.00
(0° to 100°C.) 151.10 151.00 ..... 151.00 151.10
Thermal conductivity
cal./cm2/sec./°C./cm., at
100°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.03 ..... ..... 150.00 150.05
B.t.u./sq. ft./hr./°F./in., at
212°F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193.00 ..... ..... 181.00 145.00
Cont’d

10MPage 29
NOMINAL PROPERTIES –
AISI STAINLESS STEELS
Alloy Physical Properties Type 304 Type 321 Type 347 Type 316 Type 317
Physical Properties – AISI Stainless Steels
low carbon steel = 1.00 at
100°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.33 150.32 150.32 150.31 150.31
cal./cm.2/sec./°C./cm., at
500°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.05 150.05 150.05 150.05 150.05
B.t.u./sq. ft./hr./°F./in., at
932°F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.00 153.00 153.00 145.00 145.00
Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion
per °F. x 10-6 (32° to 212°F.) 159.60 159.30 159.30 158.40 158.40
low carbon steel = 1.00
(32° to 212°F.) 151.45 151.40 151.40 151.27 151.27
per °F. x 10-6 (32° to 932°F.) 110.20 110.30 110.30 159.60 159.60
Mechanical Properties
at Room Temperatures Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed
Tensile Strength 103
lb./sq. in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-100 75-100 75-100 75-100 75-100
Yield Strength 103 lb./sq. in. 30-600 30-600 30-600 30-600 30-600
Modulus of Elasticity 106
lb./sq. in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 29 29 29 29
Elongation in 2", % 35-600 35-600 35-600 35-600 35-600
Reduction of Area, % 60-800 60-800 60-800 60-800 60-800
Charpy Impact Strength,
ft-lb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 77 77 77 77

Alloy Physical Properties Type 310 Type 405 Type 409 Type 430 Type 446
Physical Properties – AISI Stainless Steels
low carbon steel = 1.00 at
100°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.27 ..... ..... 150.52 150.42
cal./cm.2/sec./°C./cm., at
500°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.04 ..... ..... 150.06 150.05
B.t.u./sq. ft./hr./°F./in., at
932°F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.00 ..... ..... 182.00 169.00
Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion
per °F. x 10-6 (32° to 212°F.) 158.00 156.00 156.00 155.80 155.90
low carbon steel = 1.00
(32° to 212°F.) 151.21 100.91 ..... 005.88 105.90
per °F. x 10-6 (32° to 932°F.) 119.20 116.70 ..... 156.30 156.30
Mechanical Properties
at Room Temperatures Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed Annealed
Tensile Strength 10 3

lb./sq. in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75-100 60-900 65-105 60-900 70-100

Yield Strength 103 lb./sq. in. 30-700 30-600 35-650 35-650 40-700
Modulus of Elasticity 106
lb./sq. in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 28 29 29 29
Elongation in 2", % 30-550 20-400 20-350 20-300 18-250
Reduction of Area, % 60-800 50-700 ..... 35-600 25-500
Charpy Impact Strength,
ft-lb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 60 ..... ..... .....

10MPage 30
NOMINAL PROPERTIES –
AISI STAINLESS STEELS
Alloy Physical Properties Type 304 Type 321 Type 347 Type 316 Type 317
Mechanical Properties
Izod Impact Strength, ft.-lb. 75-110 75-110 75-110 75-110 75-110
Endurance Limit (Fatigue),
103 lb./sq. in. . . . . . . . . . . . 35 45 45 43 43
Brinell Hardness Number . . . . 135-190 135-190 135-190 135-190 135-190
Rockwell Hardness Number B75-90 B75-90 B75-90 B75-90 B75-90
Olsen Cup Value, in . . . . . . . . . ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Stress Causing 1% Elongation
(Creep) in 10,000 Hours
At 1000 °F., lb./sq. in. . . . . . 17,000 17,000 17,000 25,000 25,000
At 1200 °F., lb./sq. in. . . . . . 16,000 16,000 16,000 15,000 15,000
At 1350 °F., lb./sq. in. . . . . . 13,000 13,000 13,000 17,000 17,000
At 1500 °F., lb./sq. in. . . . . . 11,000 11,000 11,000 13,000 13,000
Scaling Temperature, °F.
(approximate) . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,650 11,650 11,650 11,650 11,650
Initial Forging Temperature,
°F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200
Finishing Forging Not under Not under Not under Not under Not under
Temperature, °F. . . . . . . . . . 1600-1700 1600-1700 1600-1700 1600-1700 1600-1700
Annealing Treatment . . . . . . . Heat to Heat to Heat to Heat to Heat to
1900-2000 1900-2000 1900-2000 1950-2050 1950-2050
°F. and °F. and °F. and °F. and °F. and
Quench. Quench. Quench. Quench. Quench.

Alloy Physical Properties Type 310 Type 405 Type 409 Type 430 Type 446
Mechanical Properties
Izod Impact Strength, ft.-lb. 75-110 60-100 ..... 25-100 .....
Endurance Limit (Fatigue),
103 lb./sq. in. . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ..... ..... 35-50 35-55
Brinell Hardness Number . . . . 150-210 150-207 ..... 150-190 150-207
Rockwell Hardness Number B80-95 B80-95 70-85 B80-90 B80-95
Olsen Cup Value, in . . . . . . . . . ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Stress Causing 1% Elongation
(Creep) in 10,000 Hours
At 1000 °F., lb./sq. in. . . . . . 18,000 ..... ..... 8,500 6,000
At 1200 °F., lb./sq. in. . . . . . 18,000 ..... ..... 2,000 1,500
At 1350 °F., lb./sq. in. . . . . . 13,000 ..... ..... 1,200 1,600
At 1500 °F., lb./sq. in. . . . . . 11,900 ..... ..... ..... .....
Scaling Temperature, °F.
(approximate) . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,000 1,300 1,300 1,550 2,100
Initial Forging Temperature,
°F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,150 2,000 2,100 2,000 2,000
Finishing Forging Not under ..... Not over Not over Not over
Temperature, °F. . . . . . . . . . 1600-1700 ..... 1,400 1,400 1400-1450
Annealing Treatment . . . . . . . . Heat to Heat to Air-cool Air-cool Rapid cool
2000-2100 1350-1500 from from from
°F. and °F. and 1350-1500 1400-1500 1550-1650
Quench. Quench. °F. °F. °F.
Cont’d

10MPage 31
NOMINAL PROPERTIES –
AISI STAINLESS STEELS
Alloy Physical Properties Type 304 Type 321 Type 347 Type 316 Type 317
Abrasion Resistance Good Good Good Good Good
Cold Forming
(Drawing – Stamping) . . . . . Good Good Good Good Good
Machinability (Bessemer
Screw stock 100%) . . . . . . . about 45% about 45% about 45% about 45% about 45%
Welding (Arc, Gas, Resistance,
Atomic Hydrogen) . . . . . . . . Very good; Very good; Very good; Very good; Very good;
anneal not not anneal for anneal for
heavier than necessary necessary maximum maximum
1
⁄8"-3⁄16" for to anneal. to anneal. corrosion corrosion
maximum resistance. resistance.
corrosion
resistance.
Precautions (See Notes) (A) (D) (D) (A) (A)

Alloy Physical Properties Type 318 Type 405 Type 409 Type 430 Type 446
Abrasion Resistance Good Fair ..... Fair Fair
Cold Forming
(Drawing – Stamping) . . . . . Good Fair Fair Good Poor
Machinability (Bessemer
Screw stock 100%) . . . . . . . about 45% about 54% ..... about 54% about 40%
Welding (Arc, Gas, Resistance,
Atomic Hydrogen) . . . . . . . . Very good; Good; Good Fair; welds Fair; welds
anneal for welding are brittle are brittle
maximum does not when cold. when cold.
corrosion harden Slight Slight
resistance. appreciably. response to response to
anneal. anneal

Precautions (See Notes) (A) (B) (C) (C)

(A) Preheat slowly to 1600°F., then heat rapidly to the forging temperature. Exposure
to temperatures between 800° to 1600°F. produces marked susceptibility to
intergranular corrosion. If the metal is unattacked, this can be cured by repeat-
ing the annealing treatment.

(B) Preheat slowly to 1450°F., then heat rapidly to 2100°F. for forging. Maximum
corrosion resistance of Type 410 is developed only in the heat-treated condition.
(Temper below 850°F. or above 1100°F.)

(C) In forging, preheat slowly to 1450°F. Excessive grain growth takes place above
2000°F. Expert welding is required to avoid excessive grain growth. Prolonged
exposure at 850-950°F. produces cold brittleness. To prevent this, heat to
1550-1650°F. and quench.

(D) For maximum corrosion resistance in high temperature service, heat to 1550°F.,
hold 2 hours and air-cool.

10MPage 32