LOGARITHM

19. 2 3 5 13 48

2
2 3 5 12 1 2 3 5 12 1 2 3 4 12

2
2 3 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 2 3

2
8 4 3 6 2

6 2 on comparing . a b
a = 6, b=2
a+b=8

EXERCISE # 2
2 2
ab ab 4 a b ab ab 4 a b
1. log10 + log10
2 2

2 2
ab ab 4 a b
= log10
4

4 a b
= log10 = log10 43 57 = log10 100 2
4
B 2log6 18.3log 6 3
= 2 log6 6 log 6 3 .3log6 3
= 2 1 log6 3 .3log6 3
= 2. 2log6 3.3log6 3
= 2. 6log6 3
= 2.3 = 6
AB = 2 × 6 = 12
1/4
4/3 1/3
2. (a) log1/3 729. 9 1.27
1/4
6 2 3 4/3 1/3
= log1/3 3 3 . 3

1/4
6 1/3
= log1/3 36 3

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 LOGARITHM
2 1/4
= log1/3 36.3
1/4
= log1/3 34
= log1/3 3 1

log log N
b b
log a
b
(b) a = a loga loga N
= logbN

3. log3 X. log4 X. log5 X = log3 X. log4 X + log4 X .log5 X + log5 X. log3 X

1 1 1 1
= + +
log x [Link] x [Link] x 5 log x [Link] x 4 log x [Link] x 5 log x [Link] x 3
1 log x 5 log x 3 log x 4
log x [Link] x [Link] x 5 log x [Link] x [Link] x 5
log x 60 = 1
x = 60
and x = 1 is also solution for this equation
2 2 2
(x1 + x2) = (60+1) = (61) = 3721
5log 3 6
4. 4 4 2 6log8 3 2
5log2 5 2 3 6 6log 3 2
23
4
2 2
log 2 3 6 log 3 2
4
2 2
3 6 33 2
log 2 2
log 2 2
3 2 3 2 2
4 =4 = 2log 2 3 9

1 3
1og5 9 1og 6 3 2
81 3 log 25 6
5. . 7 log 25 7 125
409

81log9 5 33log3 6 2log 7 25 3log 2 6

. 7 5 5
409
25 6 6
25 6 6
409
625 216 409
= =1
409 409

1
log1/5
2 4 1
6. 5 log log1/2
2 7 3 10 2 21

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 140
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 LOGARITHM

4 1
= 2 2 log 2 log 2
7 3 2 5 21

16 1
= 2 log2 log 2
7 3 2 21 2 5 21

16
= 2 log2 2 5 21
10 2 21
4
= 2 log 2 2 2 4 6

2
7. log 2 a s, log 4 b s2 & log c2 8 3
s 1
2 4 s3 1
s s2 3 4
a=2 , b 4 , 8 = C2 s3 1 = Cs 1
C= 8
2
a 2 b5 22s.45s
log 2 = log 2
c4 8
s3 1

10s2 3s3 3
= log 2 22s = 2s 10s2 3(s3 1)

8. 49 1 log7 2 5 log5 4
1
= 49.49 log7 2 5log5 4
1
= 49.7 2log 7 2
4
2 1
= 49.7 log7 2
4
1 1
= 49.
4 4
50 25
=
4 2

log 2 8 3 log 2 26 3
9. L.H.S. =
log96 2 log12 2
= 3 log 2 3 log 2 96 6 log 2 3 log 212
= 3 log 2 3 log 2 25 3 6 log 2 3 log 2 4 3
= 3 log 2 3 5 log 2 3 6 log 2 3 2 log 2 3
2 2
= 15 8log 2 3 log 2 3 12 8log 2 3 log 2 3 3

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 141
[Link]
 LOGARITHM
x y
10. a –b =0 x loga b & y log b a
x loga b
y log b a
x log a b 2
= log a b
y log b a
x
log a b
y
x
b a y
y x
b =a
x y
a –b =0 Proved

11. (i) log x 1 3 2

1
2
log3 x 1
1
log3 x 1
2
x–1= 3
x 1 3

1
(ii) log 4 2log3 1 log 2 1 3log3 x
2
2log3 1 log 2 1 3log3 x 2
1 log 2 1 3log3 x 3
1 3log3 x 4
3log3 x = 3
log3 x = 1
x=3
x
(iii) log3 (1 + log3 (2 – 7)) = 1
x
1+ log3 (2 – 7) = 3
x
log3 (2 – 7) = 2
x
(2 – 7) = 9
x 4
2 = 16 = 2
x=4
x
(iv) log3(3 – 8) = 2– x
x 2–x
3 –8=3

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 142
[Link]
 LOGARITHM
x 9
3 –8=
3x
x 2 x
(3 ) – 8.3 = 9 ( let 3x = t)
2
t – 8t – 9 = 0
(t + 1)(t – 9) = 0
t=9 ( 3x cannot be negative)
x
3 =9
x
3 = 32
x=2

log 2 9 2x
(v) 1
3 x
x
log2 (9–2 ) = 3–x
x 3–x
9–2 =2
x 8
9–2 = x
2
2
9t – t = 8
2
t – 9t + 8 = 0 (t – 8)(t – 1) = 0
t=1 t=8
x x
2 =1 2 =8
x=0 x = 3 rejected ( 3–x 0 denominator)

2
(vi) log5–x (x – 2x + 65) = 2
2 2
x – 2x + 65 = (5–x)
2 2
x – 2x + 65 = 25 + x – 10x
8x = – 40
x = –5

(vii) log105 + log10(x +10) – 1 = log10(21x – 20) – log10(2x – 1)

5 x 10 21x 20
log10 log10
10 2x 1
x 10 21x 20
2 2x 1
2
2x + 20x – x – 10 = 42x – 40
2
2x – 23x + 30 = 0
(x – 10)(2x – 3) = 0
x = 10, x = 3/2
(viii) x1 log10 x 10x
x.x log10 x 10x

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 143
[Link]
 LOGARITHM
log10 x
log10 x log10 10
2
log10 x 1
log10 x 1
1
x 10,
10
2
(ix) 2 log x 5 3log x 5 1 0 (let log x 5 t)
2
2t – 3t + 1 = 0
(t –1) (2t –1) = 0
t =1 t =1/2
1
log x 5 1 log x 5
2
1
x= 5 5 x2 x=5
x { 5,5}

(x) 3 2log x 1 3 2log3 x 1

2
3 2 log3 x 1 (let log3 (x + 1) = t)
log3 x 1
2
3 2t
t
2
3t + 2 = 2t
2
2t – 3t – 2 = 0
(t –2) (2t +1) = 0
t = 2, –1/2
If t = –1/2
log3(x + 1) = –1/2
1
x+1=
3
1 1 3
x= 1 =
3 3
3 3
=
3
3 3
=
3
If t=2
log3(x + 1) = 2
x+1=9
x=8

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 144
[Link]
 LOGARITHM
2
x
12. (i) log 21 4x log 2 8
2 8
2
log 2 1 4x log 2 x 2 log 2 8 8
2
log 2 4x 2log 2 x 3 8
2
log 2 4 log 2 x 2log 2 x 11 0
2
2 log 2 x 2log 2 x 11 0
4 log22 x 4log 2 x 2log 2 x 11 0 (let log2x = t)
2
t + 6t – 7 = 0
( t +7) (t –1) = 0
t = –7, 1
log2 x = –7 log2x = 1
–7
x=2 x=2

(ii) log0.5x x 2 14log16x x 3 40log 4x x 0

2 42 20
0
log x 0.5x log x 16x log x 4x
1 21 10
0
log x 0.5 1 4log x 2 1 2log x 2 1
(4logx 2 + 1) (2logx 2 + 1) – 21(logx 0.5+1) (2logx 2+1) +10(logx 0.5 +1) (4logx 2+ 1) = 0
(4t + 1) ( 2t +1) – 21 (– t +1) (2t +1) + 10(– t +1) (4t + 1) = 0 (let logx 2 = t)
2
10t + 15t – 10 = 0
2
2t + 3t – 2 = 0
(t + 2) (2t –1) = 0
t = –2, 1/2
1
logx 2 = –2 logx 2 =
2
1
–2
2=x 2= x2
2
2 1 / x2 x =2 = 4
2 1
x =
2
1
x= (x 1/ 2 x cannot be negative)
2

(iii) log3 4.3x 1 = 2x + 1

x (2x +1)
4.3 –1 = 3
x 2x
4.3 – 1 = 3 .3
2x x x
3.3 – 4.3 + 1 = 0 (let 3 = t)
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 145
[Link]
 LOGARITHM
2
3.t – 4t + 1 = 0
(t –1) (3t –1) = 0
1
t=1 t=
3
x x 1
3 =1 3 =
3
x=0 x = –1
2 x 2
(iv) log5 log5
10 x 1
2 x 2
10 x 1
(2 + x) (x + 1) = 20
2
2x +x + 2 + x = 20
2
x + 3x – 18 = 0
(x – 3) (x + 6) = 0
2
x = 3 (x – 6 cannot be negative)
x 1
(v) 1 + 2log(x+2) 5 = log5 (x + 2)
2
1 log5 x 2 ( let log5 (x + 2) = t)
log5 x 2
2
1 t
t
2
t –t–2=0
2
t – 2t + t – 2 = 0
t(t –2) +1(t –2) = 0
(t – 2) (t + 1) = 0
t = 2, –1

if t = log5(x + 2) = 2
(x + 2) = 25
x = 23

if t = log5(x +2) = –1
1
x+2=
5
1
x 2
5
9
x
5
(vi) log 4 24x 2log2 4

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 146
[Link]
 LOGARITHM
1
log 2 24x 4
2
4x
4
2
x=2
(vii) log 2 4.3x 6 log 2 9x 6 1
4.3x 6 x
2 (let 3 = t)
9x 6
4t 6
2
t2 6
2
4t – 6 = 2t – 12
2
2t – 4t –6 = 0
2
t – 2t – 3 = 0
(t –3) (t + 1) = 0
t = 3 ( 3x cannot be negative)
x
3 =3
x=1
4
(viii) 2log8 2x log8 x 2 1 2x
3
4
log8 4x 2 log8 x 2 1 2x
3
4
log8 4x 2 x 2 2x 1
3
2 2 4
(4x ) (x – 2x + 1) = 23 3

2 2
4x (x – 2x +1 ) = 16
2 2
x (x –2x + 1 ) = 4
4 3 2
x – 2x + x – 4 = 0
3
(x – 2) (x + x + 2) = 0
(x – 2)(x + 1)(x2 – x + 2) = 0
x = 2 (x – 1 2x cannot be negative)
(ix) log32 6 log32 2 2
log10 x 2 log3 12
2
log3 6 log3 2 log3 6 log3 2 log10 x 2 log3 12
2
log3 12.log3 3 log10 x 2 log3 12
2
3 log10 x
3 log10 x
3 3
x 10 , 10

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 147
[Link]
 LOGARITHM
x 3 x
(x) log6 2 log6 3 2 x
2x 3
log 6 x
3x 2
2x 3
6x
3x 2
8.2x x
x
3x.2x (let 3 = t)
3 2
8
t
t 2
2
8 = t –2t
2
t – 2t – 8 = 0
(t + 2)(t – 4) = 0
t = 4 (t – 2 3x cannot be negative)
x
3 =4
x = log3 4

1.
Hi,
log22 =Fo a
log23
pH
log29 r
-72k -13.9 ) EXERCISE # 3
= log24
-

b
gfzjlogtt
-

Ako
log 2 4
zRZ-
11
a = log7.2k
2
3 ………(1)

ab = log23 × log94
-139=35/2 b=
log 2 9
log9 4 …………..(2)
O

= log23 × log 3 2 22 7- R
- -
I
2
NZ-= log23 × 2 log3 2
ab = 1 7¥ -13,10=52 Af
2. 4 log3 x 23
IONZ
log x
-

721+39=25
8 4
3
4
x = 3 = 81
lot
sum -72k
of digits = 8 + -114=0
1=9

522x x 36N
2 # 7=0

logo
-

projected hotdfimd
3. log10 0
' 5x 4
2Sae 35k n -17=0
-
-

x 2x
100 = 1
5x 4
2 sack -7
x + 2x = 5x + 4
) -

the -71=0
A- 7.
Yg
2
x – 3x – 4 = 0
de 7) ( 5k Deo
- -

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 148
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