101 Electronics Projects 1977

WILD PROJECTS AND DISCOVER ELECTRt1NlLS
ELECTRONIC
IPROJECTSE"
Eas To Build
For Under S15 -A11
CERTIFIED
LEDITION fCost Projects GOOF-PROOF
You Can pro PROJECTS
Build _....
Tonight:
Pager
V .
CB
SWL's Signal Booster
Audio Powermeter Pfk
Appliance Tester
Power Failure Alarm
Plus 96 more!!!!
30 IC Proj
CB Channel Booster
Photo Timer
Signal Tracer
Lie Detector
And more!!
sonui
Special Proj
Mod -X Digital Clock Hi -Z Earphone Booster
See Project 7
555 Tester
Darkroom Color Analyzer
And more!!!
Hobby Electronics
Newsletter
(See page 85)
Build the REALTHING-Yourself!
Get top mileage from your own craft skills
t
rBUBOAT
CIII! 367
BOAT
BUILDER
5
lean lr
367. ROBIN is a versatile skiff that 75. KINGFISHER is a modern version 245. CAT'S PAW catamaran provides a
can be used for hunting or fishing, as 343. MINIMOST is an 8' outboard
of the Scandinavian pram developed stable base for a lot of sail area to
a yacht club tender, or a work boat. It
sports hydro you can build in just 15
hundreds of years ago. It rows easily, make for fast sailing. And she's easy
is rugged, yet its plywood construc- hours, and at a cost of less than $25
sails well, and propels nicely with a to build because of her straight -sided
tion makes it easy to build; no special small outboard motor. Its 90 lb. weight
for materials. Its advanced underhull
hulls, flat sheer, and straight bow and design makes speeds in the 30 mph
jig or tools are needed. It can take a and small size make it ideal to car - stern. It's an ideal boat in which to range possible with a 10 hp motor.
motor of 7.10 hp. 1.0.A., 12'; beam, top; construction is plywood. L.O.A., learn sailing. L.O.A., 12 beam, 6'2 "; L.O.A., 8'.
5 1
$5.00 9 beam, 4'.
,
$5.00
$5.00 sail area, 85 sq. ft. $6.00 Full -size pattern set 344 $15.00
Make it with Craft Prints and save hundreds of $S!
BOAT
356
i
i i
62. DOLPHIN is small and light enough 356. TABU gets up on plane, just like 371. JAMAICAN is a sailing surfboard 36. CHUM is a speedy little runabout
to be transported anywhere by trailer, an outboard, to provide speeds up to of unique construction. Fiberglass and that can be built as a single cockpit
yet it will accommodate two persons four times higher than those possible Dynel cloth are stretched and stapled or double cockpit model. Use a light-
for extended cruising or a party of with a conventional hull of the same in place over a wooden framework, weight engine of no more than 100
four on day tips. Plywood is used size. Hull is of plywood, covered with then resin is applied. No special build- hp for tep performance. Construction
throughout, and the hull is designed resin and Dynel cloth. L.O.A., 16'; ing jigs or forms are needed. Foamed
to get the most from modest power. - is of marine plywood over hardwood
beam, 4'8"; draft, centerboard down. in -place polyurethane adds stiffness. frames. Decks are of mahogany -faced
L.O.A., 16 beam. 5.9-. $5.00 2 6 "; sail area, 165 sq. ft.
;
$5.00 L.O.A., 12'; beam, 3'. $5.00 plywood. L.O.A., 15'6" $5.00
r COMPLETE AND MAIL TODAY -

See extra coupon on page 15. 1
Boat Builder 229 Park Avenue S. New York, N.Y. 10003 101FP"
Enclosed is Please add 500 for postage and handling. Send me the Craft
Print(s) have checked below:
I
#367 $5.00 Add 50¢ # 75 $5.00 Add 500 #343 $5.00 Add 500
#245 $6.00 Add 500 #356 $5.00 Add 500 #344 $15 full -size
#62 $5.00 Add 500 #36 $5.00 Add 500 pattern set. Add 500
#371 $5.00 Add 50¢ SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
Name
Address
City State Zip
L
Youcantiu'nthe CBbOOIIi
into Income... with Nils Complete
Coinmunications Coarse
NRI can train you at home cations...a "designed-for -learn- phone FCC License -enabling
for a part-time job or a full - ing," 400 -channel, two -meter you to test, install and service
time career in communica- VHF Transceiver and AC communications equipment.
tions. power supply. Then we help Over a million have enrolled
The field of communications is you get your FCC Amateur with NRI.
bursting out all over. More License, with special instruc- Send for the free NRI catalog
than 25 million CB sets are in tions so you can go on the and discover why more than a
operation with millions more air. The unit can be mounted million people like yourself
being sold annually. That in your car, or you can use it have chosen the NRI way as
means countless careers in as a base station. the right way to get ahead.
design, installation, and main- The complete program You learn at home with bite -
tenance. Start training at home CB Specialist's
includes 48 lessons, 9 special Course also available. size lessons, progressing at
now, the NRI way. reference texts, and 10 train- your own speed to your FCC
NRI now offers a special 37-
Get your all- Important FCC ing kits. Also included are: lesson course in CB Servicing. License and then into the
License. your own electronics Discov- You get your own 40- Channel communications field of your
FCC rules require that CB ery Lab'", a new Antenna CB Transceiver, AC power choice. There's no obligation
transmitters be serviced only ApplicationsLab, an Optical supply and multimeter, for and no salesman will call.
by the holder of a First or Transmission System, CMOS hands -on training. Also
Second Class FCC Radiotele- Digital Frequency Counter, included are 8 refer-
phone License, or under the and TVOM. The course covers ence texts and 14
supervision of a license holder AM and FM Transmission Sys- coaching units to
when the transmitter is con- tems; Radar Principles; Marine, make it easy to get
nected to a "radiating Aircraft, and Digital Electron- your Commercial
antenna." NRI will give you ics; and Mobile Communica- Radio -tele-
the necessary training to get tions. You must earn
that all- important First or Sec- your First Class
ond Class FCC Radiotele- Radiotelephone FCC
phone License so that you can License or you get
qualify for one of the many your money back.
available openings. TM McGraw H,0 CEC
Learn on your own

400 -channel digi-
tally- synthesized
VHF Transceiver.
The 48- lesson NRI
Complete Communi-
s
cations Course
teaches you to ser-
vice and adjust all
types of two -way
radio equipment
(including CB), 11 insert card has been removed, write:
using the one unit
NRI SCHOOLS
that is best equipped
to train you for CB, NRI I
McGraw Hill Continuing
Education Center
Commercial, and 3939 Wisconsin Avenue
Amateur Communi- ¡Ni ashington, D.C. 20016
i1or
.1 I Y 75-047
101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS
FOR UNDER $15
1 SWL's Super Signal Booster 20 35 Record Restorer 33 69 Easy Auto Theft Alarm 46
2 Wireless BC Booster 20 36 FM Overload Filter 34 70 Better Scope Calibrator 47
3 Communications Rebroadcaster 21 37 Hook -up Remote Speakers 34 71 Appliance Tester 47
4 No Parts BC Booster 21 38 Audio Z- Matcher 34 72 Light Activated Power Control 47
5 Earphone Limiter for CW 21 39 Budget Mike Mixer 35 73 Speaker-a -Mike Preamp 48
6 SWL's Simple Squelch 22 40 Stereo Balance Meter 35 74 Basic Color Organ 48
7 Hi Z Earphone Booster 22 41 Magnetizer- Demagnetizer 35 75 Lo-Parts Treasure Locator 48
8 Crystal- Transistor Radio 22 42 Add -a- Tweeter 36 76 Photo Print Meter 49
9 Self- Powered CW Monitor 23 43 Mike Input Generator 36 77 Action Freeze Photo Trip 49
10 29¢ Mag. Phone Filter 23 44 Automatic Hi -Fi Shutoff 36 78 Remote Flash Trigger 54
11 Pep Up a Pocket BCB 23 45 Tape Dubbing Filter 37 79 Flash Tester 54
12 CB /AM Coupler 24 46 Tape Dubber's Pad 37 80 Variable Flood Lighting 54
13 Scope Your CB Signal 24 47 100 kHz Marker Oscillator 37 81 Angler's Bite Booster 55
14 CB Pager 25 48 Crystal Activity Checker
15 CB Modulation Lamp 25 49 455 kHz Alignment Osc.
38 82 Commercial Killer 55 f
38 83 Make a Voltage Doubler 55
16 Talk Power Booster 25 50 Fancy Flasher Lamp 39 84 12 to 9 for Transistors 56
17 CB Modulation Monitor 26 51 Logic Probe 39 85 A Regulated Nine 56
18 CB RF Detector for VOM /VTVM 26 52 Audible Logic Probe 40 86 Dry-Cell Charger 56
19 CB Remote Volume Control 27 53 Sine Wave Squarer 40 87 Lo -Hum Power Supply 57
20 Low Voltage Diode Tester 27 54 Active Square Shaper 40 88 Zener Regulator 57
21 Fire Up a Nixie 27 55 Super Sniffer 41 89 AC Adaptor 57
22 Versatile Tone Oscillator 28 56 Simple AM Mod. Monitor 41 90 AC Line Regulator 58
23 Audio Powermeter 28 57 Miladaptor for VTVM 42 91 Basic Power Supply 58
24 Audio Distortion Meter 29 58 Super Sensitive FSM 42 92 Tone Controlled Relay 58
25 Hi -to -Lo Z Mike Amp 29 59 Two -Dollar Signal Source 42 93 Power Tool Torque Control 59
26 Low Power Safety Light 29 60 Easy Field Strength Meter 43 94 Vari -Rev Motor Control 59
27 Headlight Minder 30 61 Budget Scope Calibrator 43 95 Fancy Guitar Fuzz Box 60
28 Slide Show Stopper 30 62 Time Base Reference 44 96 Wide Range Funk Box 60
29 Fail -Safe Emergency Light 31 63 Doorknob Security Alarm 44 97 NiCad Battery Charger 61
30 Lo -Cost Lamp Dimmer 31 64 Foil -a- Burglar Alarm 45 98 AC Motor Power Brake 61
31 Bull Horn 31 65 Open Circuit Burglar Alarm 45 99 Simple Signaller 61
32 Easy to Build Speech Clipper 32 66 Auto Ignition Maze 45 100 Yelp Oscillator 62
33 Simple RFI Filter 32 67 Latching Burglar Alarm 46 101 Twang -a -Matic 62
34 Stereo Beat Filter 33 68 Power Failure Alarm 46
ADDED BONUS -30 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PROJECTS

SWL's Super Calibrator
IC1 64 C11 Mighty Mite Signal Tracer 69 IC21 Cigar -Size Amplifier 73
IC2 Lie Detector 64 C12 100X Instrument Amp 69 IC22 Protect -a -Volt 73
IC3 CB Mobile -to -Base Power Unit 65 C13 C Booster 70 IC23 Hi -Level 4- Channel Mixer 74
IC4 CB Channel Booster 65 C14 Notch Filter Oscillator 70 IC24 SCA Adaptor 74
IC5 5V /3A for Digital Projects 66 C15 Electric Butler Intercom 70 IC25 Stereo Mike Preamp 75
IC6 Bi -Polar Power Supply 66 C16 Ultimate Talk Power 71 IC26 Comm -Press Log Amp 75
IC7 Bi -Polar Power Amp 67 C17 Tape Head Preamp 71 IC27 Porta -Groove Amp 76
IC8 Groove Booster 67 C18 Stereo Balancer 72 IC28 Record Remote Amplifier 76
IC9 Photo Timer 68 C19 The Basic Amplifier 72 IC29 Far Out Gain Control 77
IC10 Bargain Tape Preamp 68 C20 Versatile Hi -Pass Filter 73 IC30 No -Noise Mike Preamp 77
ADDITIONAL PROJECTS AND DEPARTMENTS

Ask Hank, He knows! 6 Literature Library 63 Select -A -Speed Motor Control 87 a
New Products 9 Mod -X, Simplest Clock Yet 78 Darkroom Color Analyzer 89
CB New Products 50 Power Antique Radios 81 555 Tester 95
CB Battery Charger 83
Hobby Electronics Newsletter

see page 85
4 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977

for quality electronic parts and tools.
OK MACHINE & TOOL CORPORATION
3455 Conner St., Bronx, N. Y.10475í (212) 994 6600 - / Telex 125091
CIRCLE 5 ON READER SERVICE COUPON

WHO'S WHO ON Cot a question or a problem with a project -ask
Hank! Please remember that Hank's column Is
limited to answering specific electronic project
questions that you send to him. Personal replies
1o1 cannot be made. Sorry. he Isn't offering a circuit

design service. Write to:
Hank Scott, Workshop Editor
ELECTRONIC PROJECTS ASK HANX, 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS
229 Park Avenue South
FOR UNDER $15 HE KNOWS! New York, NY 10003
Electronics Group Coordinator and

Editor-in -Chief
Julian S. Martin, WA2CQL /KGK3915 Blanking Out Noise any of our readers want to "pen pal" it
Managing Editor You hear so much about noise blankers, with Gino and the boys, write to of
Morgan W. Godwin, W4WFL but no one explains them. How about you, Hank asking for the address.
Assistant to Editor-in -Chief Hank!
Alan H. Rose, K2RHK C.M. Baton Rouge, LA
Technical Editor BFO For SSB
Charles Graham, W1 HFI I have an old receiver that cannot re-
Audio Editor V ANTENNA
PULSE
ceive SSB signals and make sense. Some
Christine Begole NOISE RECTIFIER
one told me that I can use the BFO
Citizens Band Editor RF AMP AND control to pull in SSB. Is this so?
Kathi Martin, KGK3916 DC AMP -R.G., Hunter, NY
Editorial Assistant You can. Tune in the station for loudest
Sandra Barack 1
sound. Then turn on the BFO switch and
Workbench Editor RECEIVER NOISE
FRONT BLANKER rotate the control as you rock the tuning
Hank Scott knob. It can be done, but if you want to
END 1 GATE
Art Director seriously monitor SSB stations, get a new
Ralph Rubino receiver with a product detector to receive
Assistant Art Director TO the sideband signals.
Augustus Ginnochio DETECTOR
Art Assistants
Joni Erlon It Takes Time
Bob Modero The noise blanker circuit is inserted How come you guys use last year's cata-
Caroline Imparato ahead of the detector as shown in the dia- logs? What's wrong with the 1977 ones?
Production Director gram. When a noise pulse is received at -K.K., Brooklyn, NY
Carl Bartee the antenna, it is amplified by the noise
Production Manager RF amplifier and then converted into a Nothing, in fact we prefer the latest
Carole Dixon DC pulse which is fed to an electronic catalogs whenever we specify parts and
Assistant Production Manager noise blanker gate circuit. When a noise equipment. However, we work on the
Geri Brakatselos pulse occurs, a DC pulse supplied to the early 1977 issues in 1976 before the cata-
Advertising Director gate "punches" a hole in the iF signal logs come out. Hope you understand.
David J. Miller, KCX1268 killing the noise pulse in the received sig-
Advertising /Research Associate nal-in fact, killing all the signal for that Hi, Old Timer
Jyll Holzman instant in time. The blanked out section of
I found White's Radio Log in the back
Newsstand Circulation Director the IF signal is so short in duration that
of COMMUNICATIONS WORLD which you
Don Gabree the listener cannot hear it. Even better,
publish. I haven't seen White's in more
Director of Market Development the annoying noise pulse is Bane, allowing
than 30 years, it was like finding an old
James C. Weakley more pleasant listening for the operator.
friend. I remember in the old days the
listing included network affiliations. Why
Kathi Gets a "Dear Kathi" not now?
President and Publisher It's really true that one never stops -O.B., Miami, FL
Joel Davis learning. I've been up to my neck all my
Vice President and General Manager life in communications (including domestic - Network affiliations are not as important
Leonard F. Pinto intrigue) and not surprisingly, I'm cur- today as they were years ago. There are a
Vice President and Treasurer rently a guest of the Federal Prison Sys- lot more independents in AM than ever
Victor C. Stabile, KBP0681 tem. I service equipment and occasionally before. FM is practically non -network.
teach here. Since it carne into common Only TV remains, and even now many
use, I've failed to successfully explain the TV stations are independents that pick
operation of noise -blanking (to the an- the best of two or more networks.
guish of my understudies). I want to ex-
PION PIM11, press my gratitude to you for simplifying AM /FM /TV Address Book
the explanation of it like none before you I am a long -time shortwave listener and
(September !October e/e). Right On! now I'm getting into the BCB band. I
101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS is published an- You made teaching this function mea-
nually by Davis Publications, Inc. Editorial and have one problem. I don't know where to
business offices: 229 Park Avenue South, New surably easier and make me glad I'm from get the address of stations. I own the
York, N.Y. 10003. Advertising offices: New York, the "Big- Apple." Oh, by the way, we had
229 Park Avenue South, 212 -OR 3 -1300; Chi- World Radio -TV Handbook, but that
cago, 520 N. Michigan Ave., 312 -527 -0330; Los the print -shop guy do a wall- poster blowup only gives me the address of stations
Angeles: J. E. Publishers' Rep. Co., 8732 Sun- of the "buzzin' bee" on page 28, because
set Blvd., 213 -859 -3810. broadcasting with 10,000 watts and 50,000
it looks amazingly like us. Send us a better watts. Can you help me?
EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTIONS must be accom-
panied by return postage and will be handled flick of you so we can pin it up every- -S.S., Carlsbad, NM
with reasonable care; however, publisher as- where. Keep on teaching! 3s,
sumes no responsibility for return or safety of
manu /crlpte, artwork, or photographs. All con- -Gino & the guys, San Pedro, CA I always write to the station and use the
tributions should be addressed to the Editor - city and state as the only address. For
in-Chief, 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS, 229
Park Avenue South New York, N.Y. 10003. You guys are in for a treat! Kathi in- small towns this works fine. Large city
Copyright 1977 by
forms me that a photo is in the mail. And post offices are a bit tougher. They are apt
Davis Publications, Inc. we all wish you the best of luck. Should to return your letter. But I am persistent,

and write again. I once had a tough time We can't print all the thank yous we
with a Los Angeles post office, so I sent receive for our help wanted column, but
the letter to an amateur in L.A. whose
name I took out of the Radio Amateur
this one is typical.
WRITE
NOW McGEE'S
Please Ease Off, Fellows
Call Book, and asked him to forward the
letter by adding the street address he Hank, you didn't answer my last two BIG SPEAKER CATALOG
could easily obtain from the local tele- letters. Everything okay with you? 1001 BARGAINS IN
phone book. It worked. Lots of nice -D. N., Waverly, TN SPEAKERS - PARTS -TUBES - HIGH FIDELITY
people out there. Of course, there is the Yes, except no one listens to me! I can-
not answer letters. I can only read them
COMPONENTS - RECORD CHANGERS
Broadcasting Yearbook which is published Tape Recorders- Kits -Everything in Electronics
annually by Broadcasting Publications, and answer only those which are typical 1901 McGee Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108
Inc., 1735 De Sales Street, N.W., Washing- of many received in my column. So please,
ton, D.C. 20036. The Yearbook costs don't send stamped, self- addressed enve-
$25.00 prepaid. lopes or postcards. There are not enough
hours in the day to answer a'.1 my readers'
letters personally. Let's Clean Up America
Like Everyone's Sister
Every time I turn on my CB, my sister
For Our 200th Birthday
washes her hair, and uses a detangler on
Pumps RF Also
My 1974 Vega has an electric fuel pump
it -which is great for her, but murder on
that makes about an S9 racket in my CB
my ears when I try to listen to my radio.
t
Is there a simple filter I could put in the
set. The pump is located inside the fuel _Nv HO,Q#
tank so I assume it uses an oscillator in
AC line to get rid of the hash? place of an interrupted contact to drive it.
-D.B., Belleville, II
I have tried all the usual types of filters
and bypass cures, but to no avail. I also
Install a small disc capacitor in the de-
contacted General Motors Service and got
tangler that's about .01 uF. If that doesn't
work, have your sister plug the unit into a nothing there except a large telephone bill.
Can you help?
line filter at the outlet. This may help.
Otherwise, have her think Kojak.
-R. L., Lowell, IN 76
The trouble may be your antenna coax Sponsor an environmental
line. Check it very carefully. The fuel improvement. Write:
Thank You pump lines pass through the trunk. As a Johnny Horizon '76,
Thank you for including my query for a quick check, turn on your direction lights. U.S. Department of the
manual for the Hallicra /ters S -38E short- If you hear the clicking, your antenna line Interior,
wave radio in a recent issue. Not only did is defective. Otherwise, you may have to
Washington, D.C. 20240
I get one, but also offers of help. My take the CB power line directly to the
battery instead of the accessory power line. This space donated as public
thanks to you and the nice people who service
read your column. Can anyone else suggest a remedy?
-R.F.. Cohasset, MA (Continued on page 99)
FROM
o THE
Model
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OK MACHINE & TOOL CORPORATION (batteries not included)
3455 Conner St . Bronx, N Y. 10475, (212) 994 -6600 í Telex 125091
CIRCLE 6 ON READER SERVICE COUPON 7

101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977
Our8IN'LostPopu1ar #
Bicentennial Craft Projects

* Craft plans are the hottest thing going today! And here are eight of our winning designs!
They're popular because more and more spare -time craftsmen -and people who are dis-
* covering they have talent -have found a great way to own something they have always wanted.
And have fun besides. Well -known designers have developed these easy -to- follow plans that
41
give you beautiful, finished pieces to enjoy at a fraction of the retail store price!
4 Get started now by ordering one or more of these award -winning

4 Bicentennial Craft Plans. They're only $2.50 each!
4
* A DOUBLE -DUTY TABLE
W
LAMP D -9 DRY -SINK HUTCH D -14
Add a touch of Americana with this attrac-
B Kit
* A
Add an elegant touch to your bedroom or
living room with this colonial -style table tive, interesting and easy -to -make dry -sink
hutch. It is entirely made of 3/4" pine ex-
E r
lamp and clock duo. You need just a few cept for plywood backing. Special casters
pieces of pine. Simple wiring for both make it mobile. Buttons, dowels, casters,
* RR electric clock and lamp. Clock features a
sweep second hand and alarm.
etc. -all specialty items -are available
complete from one source. T
L
BINGO WALL CLOCK D -12
DROP -LEAF TABLE D -19
Here's a versatile furniture piece that's
A functional and decorative timepiece.
You can easily make the case from pine.
E
* I easy to construct --even for the beginning
craftsman. Build it from the lumber of
Has a battery- operated movement. Mold-
ings are standard and available at lumber
`L
your choice. It's a neat little drop-leaf yards. Turned finial, decorative eagle and
table, inexpensive but big In value. Fits clock works are available from one
N e asily any nook or available space. source. Simply saw out the design and
E
* E shape the edge.
R
R DUAL -PURPOSE GAME
DROP -LEAF SECRETARY D -24
TABLE D -15
3 You can build this handsome game table A sturdily built, Early American desk with
4 e asily using poplar and mahogany woods
for under S30. It will give you many hours
plenty of storage room. Lumber used for
this is common pine. Cost about $50-
commercially made unit retails for about
4 of pleasure. Primarily a game table, it
features a solid block chessboard made $340. You rant afford not to build this
beauty!
of light and dark -colored squares, easily
4 made and glued together. Has leatherette
panels and a roomy drawer.
T r LIBRARY WALL
4 BAR CABINET D -5 CABINET D -28
A useful piece of furniture. Easily built
4 There's no finishing to do on this little
dandy- prefinished Iruitwood wall panel
out of common pine and luan panels for
under $30! Offers shelves above for books
takes care of that. Front section converts and curios and storage cabinets below.
4 into a handy sewing tray. Has ample stor-
age space for bottles, glassware, ice
Each unit easily constructed and butt
joints used throughout. With exception of
bucket, etc. Prefinished cove molding
4 edges the lid and base.
the door panels and decorative arched
valance, all cuttinit Is straight and simple.
4
4
4 Great! New! Money- saving! Easy -to -build Craft Plans!
4 BICENTENNIAL Complete and mail today!
CRAFT PLANS
4 Davis Publications, Inc. OUR GUARANTEE:
4 229 Park Avenue South Money back if not
4 New York, N.Y. 10003 completely satisfied!
4
4 I have checked the appropriate box below and have enclosed payment. ALL PLANS $2.50 each, 4
4 plus 500 for one plan (first -class) postage and handling, two or more $1.00. 4
4 4
D-5 D-9 H D-12
l [] D-14 HI D-15 [', D-19 H D-24 D-28
4 4
4 Enclosed is a total of $ (check or money order).
4
4 Name Address 4
4 (pitman print)
4
City State
101EP7 *
4" 4E 4E 4E 4E 4K if 4E * * 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( 4( * 4( 4( 4( 4( -4( 4( 4( '4E 41( * -111-
New Products--
Communications Rotor automatically shuts off all power. A neon
The Cornell- Dubilier communications light illuminates when the power is on
rotor system, Big Talk, combines accu- and the antenna is turning. The Big Talk
racy, ease of operation and quietness. rotor is encased in a "bell" housing of
The stained wooden cabinet Big Talk cast aluminum for complete weather pro-
control box enables the operator to pre- tection. The powerful motor, 800 inch -
set four rotor positicns for instant selec- pounds of stall torque, turns heavy an- CIRCLE 49 ON READER SERVICE COUPON
tion with push buttjns. The four most tennas even under severe wind and ice
used positions can De identified by the conditions. A disc brake holds the an- system is dual -ratio planetary control.
snap -off, etched button cover. The set- tenna securely in a stopped position, The receiver features sensitivity of less
tings and identificat on can be changed and 50 ball bearings help rotate up to than 0.5 microvolt at 50 ohms for 10 -dB
at the operator's discretion. A dial con- 500 lbs. of balanced weight. It requires signal plus noise -to -noise ratio. Audio
trol offers a 360° Scale for rotation to 115 Volts AC, 50/60 Hz, and weighs output is 4 -watts to 3.2 -ohm load. The
"zero in" on a signal from any direction. 17.5 lbs. Sells for $109.95. For further 700CX is priced at $649.95. More infor-
Both dial and preset buttons are acti- information, write to Cornell -Dubilier mation can be had by writing to Swan
vated by a Start BJtton that positions Electric Corporation, 150 Avenue L, Electronics, 305 Airport Road, Ocean-
the rotor to the se ected direction and Newark, NJ 07101. side, CA 92054.
10 to 80 Meter Ham Rig Dig It Multimeter

CIRCLE 57 ON Swan Electronics has a new 700 -watt Looking at numbers is easier and less
P.E.P. single sideband transceiver. Called apt to cause reading errors than reading
READER SERVICE
the 700CX, it features up to 10 channels a meter's pointer. This becomes obvious
COUPON when you see B &K- Precision's Model
for MARS operation with optional Swan
510 -X plug -in crystal controlled oscilla- 283. It's a 31/2 -digit multimeter priced
tor. Frequency ranges are: 80 meters at $170 that uses high intensity, high
(3.5 -4.0 MHz), 40 meters (7.0 -7.45 reliability 0.41 -in. LED displays that can
MHz), 20 meters (14.0 -14.45 MHz), 15 be easily read in brightly lit rooms at a
meters (21.0 -21.45 MHz), 10 meters distance of at least six feet. The 283
(28.0 -29.70 MHz). Modes of operation measures DC volts, AC volts, DC current,
are selectable LSB, USB, or CW. Cali- AC current and resistance. A special low
brator is built -in selectable 25 or 100 voltage circuit permits measuring resist-
kHz. The unit measures 5.5 -in. x 13 -in. ance of transistor -shunted resistors. The
x 11 -in.; weight is 17.25 lbs. Audio band - Model 283 has 100 percent overrange
pass is 300 to 3000 hertz. The tuning (Continued on page /4)
IN WIRE- WRAPPING r°k¡ HAS THE LINE...

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OK MACHINE & TOOL ('OR/'ORt1 TlO 1' 10175 U.S A .NONE S446600
3406 CONNER STREET, BRONA, NEW YORK, N V 12121
TELLX 125091 TELEX. 232393
101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977 CIRCLE 7 ON READER SERVICE COUPON 9

EVERY PROJECT
ANOTHER REASON TO
Whether you're a hobbyist or serious experimenter, CSC's line of precision
digital /electronics design and testing equipment can take the manual labor
out of your labors of love.
In fact, we can not only save you literally hundreds of hours a year, but
hundreds of dollars as well. On parts, accessories and test equipment.
-
Want proof? Read on you'll see why we're the fastest -growing company
in the field!
QT Sockets and Bus Strips*

time-saving, money- saving solderless
breadboarding the CSC way -
Our expandable, interlocking breadboarding Sockets Goew at S Connected Ted Pont.
system not only saves you hours of soldering, desolderinp IIIIIIIIII

and resoldering, it also saves wear and tear on your
components. TOVIEW
IIIIIIIIIIIII
BOTTOM VIEW
Resistors, capacitors, transistors, DIP's, LED's, C1
micro -processors, etc., all connect with plug -in, plug -out ] Muses et ,ntwsan.rc,.a iwm.nai. - 5 T. Pones F.cn
ease. Preassembled sockets with durable nickel -silver
non -corrosive 5 -point terminals provide low- resistance
interconnections you can arrange and rearrange at will.
(And jumpers, where required, are short lengths of
solid #22 -30 AWG wire.)
Use QT Sockets and Bus Strips for designing,
troubleshooting, interconnecting, patching and dozens of
other applications. Our unique snap /lock mechanism
joins units in seconds, so you can add -on or take -off at will.
Check the chart below for sizes and prices.
10 modestly - priced models to choose from still at our original low prices.
All can be top or through-the -panel rear mounted.
-
4-
4-
Length ----01
Hole- to-Hole
Length Hole- to-Hole Terminals Unit Pries S
QT-59S 6.5" 6.2" 118 12.50

OT-59B 6.5" 6.2" 20 2.50
OT-47S 5.3" 5.0" 94 10.00

QT-47B 5.3" 5.0" 16 2.25
1.32"
_*._ QT-35S 4.1" 3.8" 70 8.50 4
QT-35B 4.1" 3.8" 12 2.00
T
I.
._2_ OT-18S 2.4" 2.1" 36 4.75
OT-12S 1.8" 1.5" 24 3.75
IIIQT-8S 1.4" 1.1" 16 3.25
IIQT-7S 1.3" 1.0" 14 3.00
-U S. Pat. No. 235,554 All Prices Shown Are Manufacturer's Recommended List. Prices and SCecdiCations Sublect to Change Without Notice
CONTINENTAL SPECIALTIES CORPORATION

44 KENDALL STREET/ BOX 1942
NEW HAVEN, CT 06509
IN THIS MAGAZINE IS
READ THIS AD.
Build projects, test circuits, check components as fast as you can think...
with CSC Proto- Board' Solderless Breadboards!
The right size for every circuit! The CSC Proto -Board system gives you the convenience and
versatility of QT Bus Strips and Sockets already mounted, in use -tested configurations, on sturdy metal
ground /baseplates" with non -marring feet. They're great for a wide variety of audio and digital projects,
and you save money by using components over and over again.
PB- 101 -940 solderless tie points: ten 14 -pin PB- 102 -1240 solderless tie points: twelve
DIP capacity. Two QT -35S breadboarding 14 -pin DIP capacity. Two QT -47S bread-
sockets plus four QT -35B bus strips. boarding sockets, three QT -47B and one
Excellent for audio and smaller digital QT -35B bus strips. You'll want this one for
projects. Measures 4.5" wide x 5.8 long x intermediate digital needs, more complex
1.4" high (114 x 147 x 35mm); weighs 9 oz. audio projects among other things.
(.26 Kg). Price: $29.95 Measures 4.5" wide x 7" long x 1.4" high
(114 x 178 x 35mm); weighs just 10 oz.
(.31 Kg). Price: $39.95
PB- 103 -2250 solderless tie points: twenty- PB -104 -3060 solderless tie points: thirty -
four 14 -pin DIP capacity. Three QT -59S two 14 -pin DIP capacity. Four QT -59S
breadboarding sockets, four QT-59B and breadboarding sockets, seven QT -59B bus
one QT -47B bus strips plus four 5 -way strips plus four 5 -way binding posts. It's the
binding posts. For all but the very largest largest breadboard we made for the largest
circuits. Lets you build calculators, inter- projects you care to tackle -a CPU, en-
faces, complex switching circuits, etc. coder, complex display ... just about
Measures 6" wide x 9" long x 1.4" high (152 anything. Measures 8" wide x 9.8" long x
x 229 x 35mm); weighs 1.25 lb. (.57 Kg). 1.4" high (203 x 248 x 35mm); weighs 1.75 lb.
Price: $59.95 (.79 Kg). Price: $79.95
Save even more with Proto -Board Kits! Invest ten minutes of your time, using nothing more than a
CSC's
screwdriver and a pair of pliers, and you can have all the time- saving, money- saving features of
Proto-Board system, for even less money! CSC Proto -Board Kits come with all hardware, non -marring
feet and sturdy base-plate. And unlike other kits, all sockets are preassembled, eliminating tedious
assembly and assuring long, trouble -free life.
PB -8 Kit -630 solderless tie points: PB -100 Kit -760 solderless tie points: ten
six 14-pin DIP capacity. Most economical 14 -pin DIP capacity. 21% larger capacity
way to take advantage of Proto -Board than PB -6 Kit. Comes with two pre -
speed and convenience. One pre - assembled QT-35S breadboarding sockets,
assembled QT -47S breadboarding one assembled QT -35B bus strip, two 5 -way
socket, two assembled QT -47B bus binding posts, pre -drilled and screened
strips, four 5 -way binding posts, metal ground /plane /base- base -plate, non -marring feet and all re-
plate, all required hardware.10 minute assembly with pliers quired hardware. Fast 10 minute assembly.
and screwdriver. Measures 6" long x 4" wide x 1.4 " high Measures 4.5 " wide x 6" long x 1.4" high
(152 x 102 x 34mm); weighs 7 oz. (.20 Kg). Price: $15.95 (114 x 152 x 35mm). Weighs 7.5 oz. (.21 Kg). Price: $19.95
Now! Proto -Board convenience, plus regulated power! No need to hunt for a power supply when
DC power you
you're working with these CSC Proto -Board units. Built -in power supplies give you the
noise. Choose the PB -203 for digital circuits
need, with laboratory -precision regulation, plus low ripple and
and other projects requiring 5V or less (with external components) or for maximum flexibility, the
PB -2O3A, with 5VDC plus two independently -adjustable voltage sources.
B -203A -The Ultimate ... plus!! All the

PB- 203 -2250 solderless tie points:
twenty-tour 14 -pin DIP capacity. The eatures of the PB -203 including regulated
VDC supply plus additional power
Ultimate!! All Proto -Board features plus supply flexibility (separate regulated
shortproof, fused 5VDC, 1A regulated +15VDC and -15VDC, 0.5A supplies,
power supply with only 10mV ripple and
noise at 0.5A; on -off toggle switch and each with internally and independ-
pilot light. Three QT -59S breadboarding ently adjustable output voltage; ripple
sockets plus four QT -59B and one QT- and noise of + and -15V supplies, 10mV
47B bus strips. Power supplied via two at 0.25A). Connections for 3 power supply
of the four 5 -way binding posts. It all voltages and ground available at four 5 -way
adds up to lots of capacity plus the proper DC voltage for most
binding posts. Same size as PB -203; weighs 5.5 lb.
digital and many analog IC's. Measures 9.75" long x 6.6" wide (2.5 Kg). For 117 VAC, 50/60 Hz (220 VAC, 50/60 Hz; also
x 3.25" high (248 x 168 x 83mm). Weighs 5 lb. (2.27 Kg). available at slightly higher cost). Price: $120.00
For 117 VAC, 50/60 Hz (220 VAC, 50/60 Hz; also available
at slightly higher cost). Price: $75.00
TURN PAGE FOR MORE CSC PRODUCTS
"PB -100 has fibreglass -reinforced plastic baseplate. AND EASY ORDER FORM
8 MORE WAYS TO DO
IN A LOT LESS TIME-FOR
CSC's Design- Mate' Series. Laboratory precision
at a hobbyist's price.
We knew what you were looking for when we created
the Design -Mate Series. So we put the emphasis on laboratory
precision and professional performance instead of
needlessly expensive fancy cabinetry. Check it out! Check it all out!
DESIGN -MATE 1 DESIGN -MATE 2
BREADBOARD /CIRCUIT DESIGNER FUNCTION GENERATOR
Design -Mate 1 gives you every- Design -Mate 2 gives you a lot of
thing you need for fast, easy signal generator for very little
solderless circuit design in a money. Advanced IC circuitry
single compact package. QT produces stable low- distor-
speed and versatility for tion sine waves (less than
circuit design and modifi- 2% THD), fast- rise -and-
cation as fast as you can fall -time square waves
push in (or pull out) a (less than 0.5 micro-
lead, using one QT -59S seconds across 600
breadboarding socket ohms) and high -linearity
and two QT -59B bus triangle waves (better
strips, mounted on the than 1% over range). Fre-
top panel. Adjustable, quency is accurate -and
precision -regulated 5 -15 repeatable -to 5% of dial
VDC 600 mA short- circuit -proof setting, in 5 ranges: 1 -10Hz,
fused supply, with less than 20 mV 10- 100Hz, 100Hz -1KHz, 1- 10KHz,
noise and ripple at rated output (9W max.). 10- 100KHz. Shortproof output is adjust-
Built -in 0 -15VDC meter lets you monitor voltages able, 100mV -10V P -P for all waveforms, into
in circuit or supply. Top panel supply and meter con- open circuit. Controls, switches, indicators and
nections are easily made via four 5 -way binding posts; on -off connectors: toggle power switch with LED indicator;
and voltage adjustment controlled by potentiometer; bright function selector switch; range switch; frequency selector
LED indicates power. Measures 7.5 " wide x 6.5" deep x 3.25" dial (1 -10 in 100 increments); amplitude control; twin 5 -way
max. high (191 x 165 x 83mm); weighs 3 lb. (1.4 Kg). For 117 binding posts. Measures 7.5" wide x 6.5" deep x 3.25 " high
VAC, 50/60 Hz (12W); also available for 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz at (191 x 165 x 83mm); weighs 2 lbs. (0.91 Kg). For 117 VAC,
slightly higher cost. Price: $54.95 50/60 Hz; also available for 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz at slightly
higher cost. Price: $69.95
DESIGN -MATE 3 DESIGN -MATE 4

R/C BRIDGE MULTIPURPOSE PULSE GENERATOR
Design -Mate 3 is an indispensible Design -Mate 4 is a multi -purpose,
tool for professionals and hob- multi -mode pulse generator pro-
byists alike. Makes precision viding pulses from 0.5Hz -5MHz,
resistance and capacitance rise and fall times less than 30
measurements in seconds, nsec and 10':1 duty cycle
with positive LED indica- range, compatible with
tion. Readings are accu- CMOS and TTL. It provides
rate within 5% of the dial the precision, flexibility
setting at any range-
resistance: 10 -100 ohms,
and versatility of a lab-
oratory instrument,
100-1K, 1K-10K, 10 -100K, priced low enough for
100K-1 meg; Capacitance: the workbench of every
10- 100pF, 100- 1,000pF, .001 - engineer, technician, stu-
.01AF, .01 -.1µF, .1 -1µF. Simple dent and hobbyist who works
2- control operation: set range with with digital circuitry. Its unique
switch, then turn Null Adjust dial until combination of performance and
both LED are lit. Switches, controls, indicators price makes it ideal for a wide variety
and connectors: toggle power switch with LED indicator; of applications throughout the electronics
range selector switch; Null Adjust dial (1 -10 in 100 increments); industry. Design -Mate 4 may be used as a clock
LED null indicators; twin 5 -way binding posts. Measures 7.5" source, delayed pulse generator, synchronous clock
wide x 6.5" deep x 3.25 max. high (191 x 165 x 83mm); weighs source, manual system stepper, pulse stretcher, clock burst
2 lbs. (0.91 Kg). For 117 VAC, 50/60 Hz; also available for generator, in tandem with one or more DM -4's used to gate
220 VAC, 50/60 Hz, at slightly higher cost. Price: $59.95 the output.of one or more additional DM -4's. Price: $124.95
COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS AND APPLICATION DATA PROVIDED!!

All Prices Shown Are Manufacturer's Recommended List. Prices and Specifications Subject to Change Without Notice.
A LOT MORE PROJECTS-
A LOT LESS MONEY.
CSC's Digital testers save your sanity. And your money.
New! LP -1. It digs up a lot of information LM -1. It lets you check digital IC's faster
for $44.95. Logic Probe is a compact,versatile
1
than a scope, safer than a voltmeter, for a
design, test and troubleshooting tool for all lot less than you might guess -only $74.95.
popular logic families and digital applications. Logic MonitorTM speeds digital design and testing by
1
By connecting the clip leads, setting a accurately and automatically displaying static and
lotswitch to the proper logic family and dynamic logic states of DTL, TTL, HTL and CMOS DIP IC's.
touching the probe to the node under All in a compact, self- contained 16 -pin circuit -powered
\test. you get an instant picture of circuit unit. Use it to effortlessly trace signals through counters,
conditions. shift registers. gating networks, flip- flops, decoders, etc. Clip
LP -1 combines the functions of level it over any DIP IC up to 16 pins, and each contact connects to a
detector, pulse detector. pulse single "bit" detector with high- intensity LED readout. Logic 1
< stretcher and memory -makes one- (high voltage) turns LED on; Logic "0" (low voltage or open circuit)
1 shot, low- rep -rate, narrow pulses- keeps LED off. A power- seeking gate network automatically locates
nearly impossible to see, even with supply leads and feeds them to the Logic Monitor's internal circuitry.
a fast scope -easily detectable and
vis ble.
Proto-CIipTs* IC Test Clips pay for themselves the very first time you use them.
Use Proto -Clip Connectors By Themselves...
The reason's as simple as Cable Price Price
length Single Dual
the time you'll save testing, Inches clip clip
signal tracing or wiring in PC -14- 12 7.50 14.50
DIP's. Not to mention the PC -14- 18 7.75 14.75
cost of IC's ruined by acci- PC -14- 24 8.00 15.00
Or With dental shorts. A Proto -Clip PC -14- 30 8 25 15.25
PC-14- 36 8.50 15.50
Pre -Wired is the foolproof, short proof PC -16- 12 8.25 15.75
Cables way to bring up leads from PC -16- 18 8.50 16.00
crowded circuit boards. Its PC -16- 24 8.75 16.25
16.50
PC -16- 30 9.00
patented, molded design PC -16- 36 9.25 16.75
and unique gripping teeth
NNE
PC -24- 12 12.00 25.00
free hands for other work. PC -24- 18 12.25 25.25
Built to withstand tough PC -24- 24 12.50 25.50
12.75 25.75
day -to -day use, CSC clips PC -24- 30
13.00 26.00
PC -24- 36
are available with or without
cable for 14- 16- and 24-
pin DIP's starting at $4.50. NOTE: S= single clip (on one end of cable): D=
dual clips (on both ends of cable). When order-
ing Proto -Clip units with cable. include Part No.,
PC -14 PC -16 PC -24 cable length and Single (S) or Duel (D) -for ex-
(14 -pin Proto -Clip) (16 -pin ?roto -Clip) (24 -pin Proto -Chp) ample: PC- 16 -24 -D is 24" cable with a PC -16 at
54.50 each 54 75 each 56.50 each 'U.S. Pat. No. 3,914,007 both ends.
24 HOUR FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

CONTINENTAL SPECIALTIES CORPORATION SERVICE
44 KENDALL STREET
P.O. BOX 1942
NEW HAVEN, CT 0E509 No.
NAME OTY Stock Number Unit Price Total Price
S C S
STREET ADDRESS
CITY STATE ZIP
This is your shipping label. Please print clearly.

The CSC Guarantee:
FOUR FAST, EASY WAYS TO ORDER We guarantee TOTAL
Include payment ($5.00 min.) complete satisfaction.
or your money back. CONN. OR CALIF. SALES TAX
C.O.D. U.S.A. only. You pay postage and fees. Return unsatisfactory POSTAGE & HANDLING
Charge ($10.00 min.) Please fill in below. merchandise prepaid (see chart below)
within 10 days for TOTAL AMOUNT ENCLOSED
AMERICAN EXPRESS Bank No. full refund.
BANK AMERICARD 4 numbers above your name Fl have have not POSTAGE & HANDL NG CHART
-
I I
MASTER CHARGE purchased from CSC before. Orders- Add

Credit Card No. up to $10.00 $1.50
hurry? Telephoner CONTINENTAL SPECIALTIES CORPORATION $10.01 -25.00 2.00
In a
Expiration Date $25.01 -50.00 2.50
East Coast -203-624-3103
$50.01 & over 3.00
West Coast -415 -421 -8872 Signature
Prices, specifications and conditions of sale ate subject to change without notice.
New of the record grooves. Priced at $14.95.
Distributed by Elpa Marketing Industries,
Products Inc., 301 Atlantic Avenue, New Hyde

Park, NY 11040.
Digital Color Dot /Bar Generators

Science Workshop has a feature -
packed portable Color Alignment Gen-

erator. The Model DB -12 uses an IC
chip which is a complete TV signal gen-
erating system. All of the sync, blanking
and video signals are derived from the CIRCLE 59 ON READER SERVICE COUPON
master clock by digital counters in the
chip. This eliminates the drift and jitters The receiver may also be operated by
that other types of generators have. an external 12 -volt battery, such as used
Using digital switching techniques, only in mobile application. There is an inter-
four slide switches select any one of 16 nal speaker provided plus headphone
patterns in accordance with the digital jack and an output jack for recording
off the air. An S -meter reads relative
signal strength, and is calibrated in
CIRCLE 62 ON READER SERVICE COUPON standard S- units. Built into an attractive
two -tone grey cabinet, the FRG -7 weighs
capability on four ranges, so that one
can read to 199.9 on a scale that is nor-
mally set for 100.0 maximum. Out -of-
range is indicated by a flashing digit
and three zeros. All readings have an
automatically positioned decimal point.
Mr
: pa
OIGILLL
w1
DO/-.,!
CENEEAIOR-D/
QD,J1 ®
nu m
1: '
1 00
rau,
Of
just 7 kg. and measures 340 (W) x 153
(H) x 285 (D) mm. For more informa-
tion, write to Yaesu Electronincs Corp.,
P.O. Box 498, 15954 Downey Avenue,
Paramount, CA 90723.
Overload protection is provided, up to ::::ì»rriwM íQ.Iw..Mial..,.,.
1000V on the ohms, 1500V on the volt- iSCIENCEN'ONNSNOI.IErN/NOE N.Y. J Engine Analyzer
age ranges, and 3A on current shunts. EICO's new Model 885 "Tunemaster"
An optional battery pack provides 8 Solid State Engine Pnalyfer is an auto-
hours operation on an overnight charg- motive test bench in one. The 885 per-
ing. Batteries also charge when the forms up to 16 different tests and analysis,
Model 283 is used on 110 VAC line. For including Ignition Points Test; Dwell Test;
additional information, write to Myron Dwell Variation; Low RPM (Tachometer):
Bond, B &K- Precision, 6460 W. Cortland, High RPM (Tachometer); Battery Test;
Chicago, IL 60635. code screened on the front panel of Accessory Current Draw; Charging Sys-
Model DB -12. The unique oscillator/ tem Output; Output Test (Regulator By-
Keep the Record Clean modulator stage provides both rf and pass); Voltage Loss Test; Alternator
Watts Manual Parastat will soon be video from the same output jack for Diode Test; and Fuse Test. The 885 has
available in MKIIB configuration, housed signal injection and signal tracing. The a large, six -inch D'Arsonval meter with a
in a transparent dust proof storage box. DB -12 is pocket size and is available in multirange, color -coded scale for easy
The Manual Parastat was specifically de- kit or wired form. Prices are: Kit $49.95;
signed for use with older records which Wired $64.95. For further information,
have been treated with anti- static fluid write to Science Workshop, Box 393,
or which have an excessive accumulation Bethpage, NY 11714.
of dust, dirt or residue in their grooves.
By design, the Manual Parastat has a Continuous Tuning Receiver
dual function. It may be used as a Yaesu has come up with the new
Preener if tilted to either side, since FRG -7, an all band, fully synthesized
each side is designed like the famed continuous tuning solid state receiver
Watts Preener. As such, it may be used which will have tremendous appeal to
for the maintenance of new records. CB, shortwave broadcast and amateur
band listeners plus others who want
optimum performance over the tuning
range of 500 kHz to 29.9 MHz. Priced
at $299.00, the FRG -7 is a fully -syn-
thesized triple conversion superhetero-
dyne using the "Wadley Loop System" CIRCLE 61 ON READER SERVICE COUPON
which offers extremely stable perform-
ance. The dial calibration provides un- reading, a Cylinder Selector Switch that
usual dial resetability to an exact fre- eliminates the need for mental extrapo-
quency. Precision selectivity is provided lation of results, and a color -coded range
for SSB, AM and CW with the utilization switch for mode selection. The unit
of a ceramic filter in the 455 kHz IF operates from the car's battery. The in-
circuits. The FRG -7 includes a three -step struction manual provided with the an-
front end attenuator, amplified AGC and alyzer gives step -by -step tune -up infor-
CIRCLE 53 ON READER SERVICE COUPON normal, low and high tone select switch mation for all cars, domestic and foreign.
Watts Parastat may also be used as a to provide the desired audio response Priced at $49.95. For further informa-
cleaner for old records when held in an most pleasing to the ear. The receiver tion, write to EICO Electronic Instrument
upright position so that the nylon bris- has a self contained three -way power Co., Inc., 283 Malta Street, Brooklyn, NY
tles between the two Preeners penetrate supply for line voltages from 100 to 234 11207.
the record grooves to loosen and remove volts in six graduated steps for 50 '60
accumulated dirt and grit. The brush of cycle AC plus provision for internal
the Watts Manual Parastat is made of battery operation off size D flashlight Cordless Soldering Station
pure nylon bristles with an average tip cells. Should there be an AC power Ungar has a new cordless quick -
radius of 0.00025 inches. This assures failure, the receiver automatically charge soldering station. The new design
deep penetration to the walls and sides switches over to the internal batteries. allows the operator unrestricted freedom
for hard -to -reach intricate assemblies
and repair. An ideal station for the pro-
fessional who services radio and TV,
builds electronic kits or does touch -ups
for the Experimenter!
and repairs in the field or at the work INTERNATIONAL CRYSTALS and KITS
bench. The 200 soldering station con-
.02% Calibration Tolerance
sists of a rugged rechargeable iron with OF -1 OSCILLATOR EXPERIMENTER
a quick charge nickel cadmium battery. CRYSTALS
It is designed to accept two rigid inter-
$325 (HC 6/U Holder)
changeable tips, and the charging holder
with tip cleaning sponge completely re-
charges the battery in 4 hours. Out- The OF -1 oscillator is a
ea.
Cal No.
M2 ea.
Specifications
standing features of Ungar's new quick
charge soldering station are: well -bal-
resistor/capacitor circuit
providing oscillation over a range of frequen- 031300 3 to 20 MHz -
For use in OF -IL OSC
Specify when ordering.
anced lightweight pencil iron with indi-
cies by inserting the desired crystal.
2 to 22 MHz, OF -1 LO, Cat. No 035108. 18 to 60 MHz,
OF -1 HI, Cat. No. 035109. Specify when ordering.
031310 20 to 60 MHz -For use in OF -1H OSC
Specify when ordering.
cator light, convenient easy touch oper-
ating trigger control with interlock "off"
switch. A built -in lamp illuminates tip
MXX -1 Transistor RF Mixer
3 to 20 MHz, Cat. No, 035105
20 to 170 MHz. Cat, No 035106 SI.50 a.
SAX -1 Transistor RF Amp
3 to 20 MHz, Cat, No 035102
20 to 170 MHz Cat. No 035103 $1.50 a.
BAX -1 Broadband Amp
20 Hz to 150 MHz Cat. No. 035107 $1.75 a. WRITE FOR BROCHURE
International Crystal Mfg. Co.. Inc.

10 North Lei Oklahoma City O' ,i - fl
See advertisement on Cover 2 for complete details.

COMPLETE AND MAIL TODAY
1013'7
Boat Builder 229 Park Avenue S. New York, N.Y. 10003
and work area. Two quick heating, inter- Enclosed is Please add 50¢ for postage and handling. Send me the Craft
changeable element tips are available, Print(s) have checked below:
I
pretinned in chisel and micro spade con- 0367 $5.00 Add 50¢ = 75 $5.00 Add 500 =343 $5.00 Add 50¢
figuration. The charging holder allows 0245 $6.00 Add 50¢ =356 $5.00 Add 50¢ =344 $15 full -size .
iron to charge in rest position and pro- 062 $5.00 Add 50¢ 036 $5.00 Add 50¢ pattern set. Add 50¢
vides long battery life. Holder has con- =371 $5.00 Add 50¢ SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
venient built -in sponge tray for efficient
Name
tip cleaning and care. Priced at $24.95.
For additional information, write to Un Address
gar, Division of Eldon Industries, Inc., City State Zip
233 East Manville Street, Compton, CA J
90220.
There's Nothing Like
Data Handler
Ideal for computer hobbyists and any- Elementary Electronics
one with an interest in computer pro- -America's most absorbing,
gramming, Western Data Systems has down -to -earth magazine for the
developed the Data Handler. It is a com-
plete system on a single PC board that electronics and radio hobbyist!
combines the MOS Technology 6502 Each issue brings you-
microprocessor with the latest state -of- fascinating electronic devices to build
the -art technology. The Data Handler
instructive articles on CB, electronics, shortwave.
combines multi- functions with the ease and lively columns
a Basic Course in electronics theory
a great Q & A column to help you with your
projects or anything electrical
Our writers, editor and columnists know their stuff backwards
and forwards. They make it all interesting with the same
straightforward language that you use.
ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS,
P.O. Box 2600, Greenwich CT 06830
Bill me $3.87 for ONE YEAR (6 issues).
Enclosed is $3.87. (I receive SEVEN ISSUES FOR CASH.)
Name
of operation that makes it ideal for the (please print)
beginning computer enthusiast. The Data Address_ _ _
Handler can be programmes, to control

any eight devices simultaneously -every- City _ _ State Zip
Allow weeks for delivery of your first copy. H7E039
thing from monitorir,g solar heating sys- 6 to 8
101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977 15

New name and address to Heath Company,
Dept. 350 -08, Benton Harbor, MI 49022.
Products Never Miss a Call

Project Support Engineering has an
automatic voice actuated switching cir-
cuit for CB enthusiasts called AVASC.
tems and lawn sprinkers to game play- The AVASC installs beween the car radio
ing and pouring cocktails at a party. The speaker and the CB unit. When there is
design of the Data Handler enables it to no CB signal present, the car radio, tape
operate at very high speeds as a stand- deck, etc. will play through the car
alone microcomputer or dedciated con- speaker. When a call comes in through
troller for such high speed devices as the CB unit, the AVASC disconnects the
disc peripherals. External TTY or termi- car radio while simultaneously putting
nals are not needed, since this computer the CB call through the car radio speak-
contains 26 keyboard switches for full
function hardware front panel control.
Personal expandability of the system is 1
achieved by using the Altair /IMSAI
peripherals. Any of these may be used 1 nel to the next. The 10P has a 10 -chan-
directly on the Data Handler PC board, nel capacity and all channel numbers
or further system expansion may be_ are uncrowded and clearly visible. The
accomplished with the use of the Altair unit comes equipped with an AC and DC
mother board. The Data Handler comes power cord, mounting bracket, hardware
in easy to assemble kit form with com- POWER CAN NA010 CE RADIO and an antenna for indoor use. The sug-
plete documentation on how to use, test, gested list price of the 10P Scanner is
and expand the system. The Data $189.00. For further information, please
Handler kit is available from Western Au, write to Surveyor Manufacturing Cor-
Data Systems for only $179.95. For PROJECT SUPPORT ENOINEININO
7110 M PANT AVENUE
poration, 7 Electronics Court, Madison
further information, write to Western SUNNTVAIE, CALIFORNIA VÁ014
PHONE AIS-7311 ESSO Heights, MI 48071.
Data Systems, 3650 Charles Street,
SENEITIVIFE TIME DEIT
Suite G, Santa Clara, CA 95050.
FET Volt- Ohmmeter
Touch-Controlled Switch
CIRCLE 68 ON READER SERVICE COUPON The new solid -state drop -proof, burn-
out -proof model 64 FET Volt- Ohmmeter
Tired of fiddling with lamp switches? er. There is an adjustable time delay in
by Triplett has six low -power ohms
Do you just want to install a new wall the AVASC that enables the user to
ranges. Battery operated, the Model 64
switch in a more convenient place but choose 0 to 15 seconds to compensate
has an open circuit voltage of only 90
without a lot of expense and trouble? for any delays in the conversation. When
mV for fast incircuit resistance and con-
Well, the new Heathkit Touch Switch is the incoming transmission is completed,
the AVASC automatically switches the tinuity measurements without biasing or
the answer. Simply touching the metal destroying sensitive diodes, ICs or tran-
plate you can mount anywhere switches car radio back on and is ready for the
next transmission. The suggested retail
sistors. The model 64 was developed for
your lamp to half brightness. Holding it use in test laboratories, manufacturing
a little longer turns it to full brightness. price of the AVASC is $29.95. Write to
Project Support Engineering, 750 N. quality control departments, field ser-
Then, when you're ready to turn the light vicing, plant maintenance and vocational
off, simply touch again. Installation is Mary Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 for
or trade schools. The colorful bright
fast and easy. Simply plug your lamp complete info.
green 29 -range tester is also easy to use
into the Control Box, then mount the
touch plate anywhere. The touch plate Scanner for Listener
Shortwave listening originally started
with DX hounds straining their ears for
any sound that could possibly be a for-
eign SW station, and the more distant
the better. Today, SWLs have become as
interested in the action on police, fire,
and marine bands. Many of them now
get their weather reports via NWS broad-
casts and like to listen in on CB and
business radiotelephone conversations.
Surveyor's Model 10P Scanner, covering
the VHF Hi /Lo and UHF bands, lets
them get in on the action and hear it, CIRCLE 51 ON READER SERVICE COUPON
not as some later TV news report, but as
it happens. The Surveyor 10P Scanner with its single range selector switch. A
has two facilities with great appeal to single selector switch simplifies access
listeners. It lets the listener program to 29 ranges, including: DC Volts 0-0.3,
easily and quickly to any frequency on 1, 3, 10, 100, 300, 1000; AC Volts 0 -0.3,
is connected to the Control Box by a the three bands. There is also a priority 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000; Ohms Low
single, easily concealed wire -you can switch that is the listener's assurance Power 0 -1k, 10k, 100k, 1M, 10M, 100M:
even use super thin "invisible" wire. And of hearing transmission on Channel 1, Ohms Conventional 1000M; Junction Test
you can connect any number of touch even though a signal is being received forward and reverse conduction. For fur-
plates to a single Control Box for added on another channel at the same time. ther information on the new multi -range
convenience. In fact, you can use any And, of course, a fully tunable squelch Model 64 Volt- Ohmmeter priced at only
metal object as a "touch plate" -door for complete noise control. Completely $130.00, and additional accessories to
knobs, stair railings, etc. The GD -1187 solid -state throughout, the 10P can be extend its use in highly specialized ap-
Touch Switch is mail order priced at just used at home or mobile with a power plications, contact the Triplett Corpora-
$12.95 and is just one of nearly 400 converter. Its dual conversion circuit is tion, Marketing Dept., Bluffton, OH
electronic kits in the Heathkit Catalog. an assurance of knife edge selectivity, 45817.
For a free copy of catalog, send your working against spillover from one chan- (Continued on page 100)
1977 EDITION
FOR UNDER $15-ALL c-RsY TO BUILD

IP YOU'RE a typical experimenter you're national mail order stores. In particular, But it's this industrial -type exception
bound to find many of the projects in we have almost entirely eliminated "in- that proves the rule: most projects use
this book are similar, if not identical dustrial" components, those hard -to -find components readily available in local
to commercial equipment sold in elec- items that seem to be sold only by in- stores. Even when we call for a special
tronic parts and hobby stores. And even dustrial supply houses with minimum component such as a 40502 TRIAC
if you're not a comparison shopper it billing of $25 or more. Where we could you'll find substitutes in the RCA,
will be evident that our projects are but avoid designing around an industrial Motorola, G -C, Radio Shack and Lafay-
a fraction of the cost df the commercial type component we have used a type or ette Radio blister -packaged replacement
equivalent. For example, the burglar model normally available at low prices lines.
alarm control unit in this handbook from surplus dealers. For example, If the project calls for an unusual coil
costs less than $10 in parts -less than though the 40468 field effect transistor form not available in your area simply
$6 if you're a good shopper -yet, we is not the sort of component you're look up your local J. W. Miller coil dis-
have seen commercial copies of this likely to find in your local electronic tributor; you'll probably find a direct
item selling for as much as $30. And parts store, it is commonly sold for substitute in the Miller cross -index of
you will find that our super sensitive well under $1 through industrial surplus coils, coil forms and RF transformers.
field strength meter, which can be built dealers -those parts stores that gener- Don't Gold Plate. It's important to
with parts found in almost any junk ally advertise in the back pages of keep in mind that the projects in this
box, will cost you from $10 to $25 in a electronic hobby magazines such as issue were designed to be built with
factory -wired version. ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS. And if they the least expensive components. Unless
In short, 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS don't stock the 40468 the month you're specified otherwise in the parts list use
is a handbook of low cost usable cir- ready to build they would probably have the lowest grade components available.
cuits with everyday applications in the a suitable substitute, such as the 40473. Don't purchase the most expensive in-
home, office, school, or you name it. dustrial or military quality parts think-
And if anything is important, it's the ing the project will work better because
term usable. The projects in this book the parts are higher quality. The project
aren't lifted from manufacturer's appli- won't work one iota better; all you will
cation notes, or school textbooks. Each do is run up unnecessary expense. If
and every project has been bench -tested the parts list specifies a ceramic capaci-
to remove the bugs, and with a few tor don't use a silver mica because it's
exceptions each project stands alone as more expensive. If a silver mica capaci-
a complete assembly; you don't have to tor is needed the parts list will specify
string a series of projects together to "silver mica." Similarly, don't use 5
get a working device. Where we do percent tolerance resistors when the
provide only a working circuit intended parts list calls for 10 percent unless
to be part of a larger project it's be- you can get S percent resistors for less
cause the circuit cannot be normally money than the 10 percent variety.
used alone. For example, the integrated As a general rule most projects in
circuit remote control amplifier usually this book should cost less than $15 in
is employed after a preamplifier pro- parts exclusive of the cabinet. But if
vided by the builder. you start using high performance or
Don't let those old projects collect dust. high tolerance components where
In all instances we have not only put Even ignoring the small resistors and
considerable effort into making certain capacitors and salvaging only the bigger,
they're not needed you can easily run
a project will work, we have often re- more expensive hardware such as the heat the cost of a project from $15 to $50
designed to insure it can be built with sinks, transformer, switch, electrolytic or more, and still not get better per-
parts readily available at your local capacitor and binding posts can be like formance. While we don't want to be-
electronic parts distributor, or through adding dollars to your construction budget. labor the point, we do want to insure

you get maximum enjoyment tor the less expensive 10 -volt type. Similarly, tolerance. But remember, the project
least cost, and that is only done by 1/2 -watt resistors are usually less expen- won't work any better for it.
building the projects the way we say to sive than the 1/2- or 1/2-watt units, so we Straight Curves. To make assembly
build them. specify '/z watt for most projects even as goof -proof as is possible we use two
Almost all the projects are non- criti- though you can probably build the types of capacitor symbols in the sche-
0
cal as to layout, wiring and final as- project in a smaller cabinet by using the
sembly. You can generally use any miniature resistors.
cabinet from a coffee can to a standard If you decide to substitute for the
metal enclosure, or no enclosure at all.
Most projects will even work if built on
specified component(s) make certain
the device can handle the circuit volt-
4 1'
a slab of wood -the proverbial "bread- age, and has the same general ratings as
board." Where the layout, wiring, or the specified component. While you can Y
enclosure might affect performance we always use higher ratings, with rare
so indicate and make specific recom- exception you can never go lower. For Rrat
mendations as to the type of cabinet, example, if the project calls for a recti-
layout, etc. For safety's sake, any con- fier rated 50 PIV at 0.5A you can safely
nection carrying 24 volts or more The next time you spot a buy on heat
substitute one rated 100 PIV at 1A,
sinks at your friendly surplus dealer's
should be taped so you cannot make but you should not substitute a rectifier emporium take advantage and stock up
accidental contact. Even the small tingle rated 25 PIV. Similarly, if we call for a on a variety of sizes and types. Sooner or
you might get from only 24 volts can 10 -volt capacitor in a circuit with a later you'll find a use for them all.
be enough to cause you to pull away 9 -volt power supply don't substitute a
quickly, possibly causing you to come in 5 -volt capacitor. Unless you are certain matics. The symbol with straight and
contact with a higher voltage. So play we have overrated the component to curved lines with a " +" over the
it safe! Consider 24 VDC and higher use a common, low cost type, use our straight lines means an electrolytic ca-
potentially dangerous. values as the minimum acceptable. pacitor that must be wired with the
When we make no recommendations Silicon controlled rectifiers and correct polarity. The curved line is a
as to heat sinking of transistors and TRIACs are the exception to the rule warning the polarity should be double -
ICs none is needed, even if a power that you can generally overrate on the checked before the capacitor is soldered
transistor is used in the project. But high side because their gate sensitivity into the circuit as the project probably
where we specifically call for a heat often depends on the PIV rating. Al- won't work if the polarity is reversed.
sink make certain you use one, other- ways try to use the exact unit specified Capacitors which are indicated with
wise the solid state device will be quick- or its direct replacement. two straight lines are non -polarized and
ly destroyed by excessive heat. Resistor and capacitor values should can be installed without regard to polar-
Some of the voltage and current rat- be exactly as specified; don't substitute ity or any markings. If the capacitor has
ings given in the parts lists might ap- a 930 -ohm resistor if 1000 ohms is a line on one end indicating the outside
pear excessive, such as a 10 -VDC capa- called for in the parts list. If necessary, foil it's a good idea to connect this end
citor in a circuit with a maximum use several resistors in series or parallel to ground when building radio fre-
power supply of 5 VDC. We have to attain the specified value(s). Simi- quency projects. The extra shielding of
allowed an extra margin of safety in larly, don't use a 50-pF capacitor if the the outside foil might make some dif-
certain projects to protect against parts list calls for 68 pF. The one ference in stability when using old style
"disasters" caused by wiring errors and/ thing you can do is use a better toler- "paper" capacitors.
or defective components. In general, ance than specified. For example, if the Unless specified otherwise -such as
however, unusual ratings are used to project calls for 10 percent tolerance audio or linear taper -potentiometers
keep costs down. For example, in many resistors and you have a stock of 5- can have any taper; use whatever you
parts stores a IO VDC electrolytic ca- or 1- percent resistors you'd like to use can get at lowest cost.
pacitor is less expensive than a 3- or up by all means do so. If it doesn't cost When battery types are suggested do
5 -volt model, so we have specified the extra you can substitute a more precise not substitute a battery with less cur-
rent handling capacity. The current re-
quirements for battery powered projects
has been taken into account when
choosing the battery and a battery with
the minimum acceptable capacity has
been specified. Keep in mind you can
always substitute a battery type with a
higher current capacity if you want
longer operation between battery re-
placements.
Easy On The Changes. Because of
normal variations in the gain of solid -
state devices it might be necessary to
"tweak" some values to get minimum
distortion from an amplifier at high
If you take your time, check for wiring

mistakes and cold solder joints, chances
are that your project will work for you
the first time you switch the power on.

levels, or to get an RF oscillator to
"start." You can try changing the value
of a transistor's bias resistor, but stay WHERE TO BUY COMPONENTS
within x-20 percent of the specified
value. Active Electronic Sales Corp. Barrington, NJ 08007
Sudden Death. While most transistors P.O. Box 1035 Fair Radio Sales
can take considerable overload and then Framingham, MA 01701 Box 1105
bounce back to do the job, you rarely ADVA Electronics Lima, OH 45802
get a second chance with integrated Box 4181 Bill Godbout Electronics
circuits. Use the wrong voltage, make Woodside, CA 94062 Box 2355
an incorrect connection, and the IC gets Allied Electronics Corporation Oakland Airport, CA 94614
zapped. Before applying power to an IC P.O. Box 1544 James .
project take extra time to carefully Fort Worth, TX 76101 1021 Howard Avenue
check every connection. Make certain Amidon Associates San Carlos, CA 94070
12033 Otsego Street
there are no solder- bridge shorts if you Lafayette Radio Electronics
North Hollywood, CA 91607 111 Jericho Turnpike
used a printed circuit board. Double -
Barry Electronics Syosset, NY 11791
check that all electrolytic capacitor po-
512 Broadway Meshna
larities are correct. Finally, make cer- New York, N.Y. 10012 P.O. Box 62
tain you have the correct power supply 11&F Enterprises East Lynn,MA 01904
voltage before connecting the power 119 Foster Street MHz Electronics
supply wires to the IC. You get only .Peabody, MA 01960 2543 North 32nd Street
one chance with an IC, so make certain Bullet Electronics Phoenix, AZ 85008
you have everything correct the first P.O. Box 19442 J.W. Miller Division
time. Dallas, TX 75219 Bell Industries
Voltage Variations. As a general rule Burstein-Applebee Box 5825
ordinary transistor circuits shown in 3199 Mercier Street Compton, CA 90224
this book can operate successfully over Kansas City, MO 64111 Optoelectronics, Inc.
a broad voltage range because most of Circuit Board Specialists Box 219
3011 Norwich Avenue Hollywood, FL 33022
Pueblo, CO 81008 Poly Paks
Circuit Specialists Company Box 942
P.O. Box 3047 Lynnfield, MA 01940
Scottsdale, AZ 85257 G.R. Whitehouse & Co.
Edmund Scientific Company Newbury Drive
300 Edscorp Building Amherst, NH 03031
go ahead and give it a try. But if your them unsoldered there's a good pos -.
supply is -±15 VDC try to back it down sibility you've ruined the printed circuit
near 12 volts. board and possibly a handful of other
One solution to the parts problem is to Be careful of TTL logic circuits. components-now the damage is not
use kits such as this one from Radio They require a regulated power supply only expensive but time -consuming.
Shack. And with the pegboard construc- In the long run you save time and
of 5 volts (5.5 volts absolute maxi-
tion it's easy to tear it down later, adding
the components to your junkbox.
mum). If your TTL supply comes out money by using sockets for ICs. Best
4.5 volts that's okay. It's 5.5 volts that's of all, you can easily troubleshoot the
them have been designed for battery the safety limit. As a general rule, al- project by substituting 'a different IC if
operation, and allowance has been made ways use a regulated power supply for you suspect the original is defective.
for reduced battery voltage as the bat- TTL. Either build one into the project Save, Save, Save. As we said before,
tery is used, or ages. For example, a using one of the popular three -terminal we have tried to use the lowest cost
project calling for a 9 -VDC power sup- regulators or use an external home - components in our projects; after that
ply will probably work just as well with brew or commercial regulated supply. it's up to you. You can either pay full
7 volts, often just as well with six or Use Sockets. Solid -state devices are list for components or take advantage
five volts. Similarly, a few extra volts not 100 percent reliable when obtained of quantity discounts. For example, one
won't affect most transistor projects as from hobby and technician supply sour- of the local chains sells two resistors for
long aS the voltage ratings of the capa- ces. Transistors and ICs do fail, and 25 cents. Another store gets 35 cents
citors in the project aren't exceeded. If while it's possible to remove a two - for the same package. And yet another
a project calls for 6 VDC and you have terminal diode or three -terminal transis- store will sell you one of the resistors
a 7.2- or 8 -volt battery eliminator power tor from a printed circuit board it's for 25 cents. Figure you can blow
pack by all means give it a try. really no great loss if the part is de- several dollars just on the resistors
But when it comes to ICs you've got stroyed in the process as few discreet needed for a project. But if you pur-
of be a little more careful. As long as hobby -grade components cost more than chase one of those 100- for -$1, or 100 -
you're within a volt or two of the speci- $1. But ICs are a whole different ball for-$2 resistor assortments you'll prob-
fied value the project will work without of wax. Not only are slime ICs rela- ably end up with the resistors you need
problems, but when in doubt try to stay tively expensive (though some sell for and a lot left over for other projects.
under the specified voltage. If the pro- as low as 15 cents), but they have Same thing with electrolytic capacitors.
ject calls for -!-12 VDC and your power upwards of eight leads; generally 14, 16 Under some brand names they cost
supply delivers even as low as -±9 volts or more leads. By the time you get (Continued on page 77)
101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977 ' 19

FOR UNDER S15
1 SWL's Super Signal Booster
Super sensitivity is the feature of

this two -transistor shortwave pre - 0+
selector. It provides overall gain as
high as 40 dB from 3.5 -30 MHz.
Diode DI protects against excess
,/ ANT
R
9VDC
01
gate voltage caused by nearby trans- 40468 02
d
mitters, while 01 serves as an emitter SHIELD
2N3394
follower to match the medium out- LI
put impedance of the FET transistor

to the low input impedance of the
receiver.
I =+ DI
R3
i
C4
TO RECEIVER
C2 RI
Since 01 is a MOSFET type with
a gate that's very sensitive to static 1
changes, 01 must be handled with a

short -circuit across all leads until just
before power is applied. Also, a sol- PARTS LIST FOR
dering iron must not be applied to Miller C- 5495A, 12 -36 MHz use
SWL'S SUPER SIGNAL BOOSTER
Miller D- 5495 -A
Q1's leads unless they are shorted. C1- 365 -pF tuning capacitor Q1 -RCA 40468 FET transistor (Do
L1's connections are specified in the C2, C3- 0.05 -uF, 25 -VDC capacitor not substitute)
instructions supplied with the coil. A C4- 470 -pF, 25 -VDC capacitor Q2- 2N3394 npn transistor
short length of RG -174U coaxial cable D1 -1N914 diode R1- 470 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
should serve as the connection between L1- Antenna coil: 1.7 -5.5 KHz use R2-- 2400 -ohm, 1 -watt resistor
the preselector output and the receiver Miller B- 5495A, 5.5 -15 MHz use R3- 4700 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
with which the unit is to be used.
2 Wireless BC Booster
Just about any standard radio can 10 to 20 dB extra gain to snare those Field effect transistor, (FET) Q1
be turned into a DX hound with this weak BC stations. The project should is the type with built -in diode protec-
easy -to -build wireless broadcast band be assembled in a metal cabinet as tion so you don't have to worry about
booster. Transistor Q1 in conjunction "feedback" from coupling coil L1 to strong signals or static discharges.
with antenna coil T1 provides from the input will cause oscillation. To use the booster, first set Cl to
ANT.
PARTS LIST FOR
WIRELESS BC BOOSTER
B1 -9 -volt transistor battery
C1- 365 -pF tuning capacitor
(Radio Shack 272 -1341
or equiv.)
( TAPE CONNECTIONS)
C2, C3- 0.05 -uF disc capacitor
L1- Loopstick coil (Radio Shack
270 -1430)
Q1 -FET, RCA 40822, 3N187,
or equiv.
R1-1000-ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
S1 -Spst slide or toggle switch
T1 -J. W. Miller A-5495A
antenna coil
Misc. -Co -axial cable, cabinet

the approximate frequency of the de- the desired station; then peak the sig- frequency as the desired station.
sired station -C1 is supplied with a nal with Cl. Cl can also be used to The antenna can be any length of
calibrated dial. Place coil L1 parallel reject excessively strong signals which wire from 3 feet or longer. If you use
to the rod antenna inside the radio. might be interfering with the desired a metal cabinet connect the antenna
L1 can be taped to the back of the station. You cannot, however, reject into the circuit through an insulated
radio. Turn the radio on and tune in a station close to, or on the same binding post.
3 Communications Rebroackaster
One way to keep an ear on the
Amateur or Citizens band while PARTS LIST FOR
WIRE ANTENNA
working around the house or searing COMMUNICATIONS 9VDC C4 - NOT LONGER
steaks out on the patio, is to install REBROADCASTER .05uF - THAN IOFEET
a lot of remote speakers. An easier Cl, C4- 0.05 -uF disc capacitor, 50 LI
way is to feed the audio signal from VDC or better 'UNUSED
your CB or amateur receiver into a C2 -47 -pF silver mica capacitor,

broadcast hand Rebroadcaster and 100 VDC or better, Allied Elec-
radiate the signals throughout the tronics 782 -0860
C3, C5- 0.01 -uF disc capacitor, 50 oI
house and yard. A small transistor VDC or better
HEP -720
pocket radio tuned to the rebroad- L1- Oscillator coil, Miller 2022 AUDIO INPUT)
TI
C5
caster frequency will alert you in- (Do not substitute) FROM CB SET
4n
TAIuF
EXTERNAL
stantly if a call is received on your Q1 -NPN transistor, HEP -720 SPEAKER
OUTPUT
communications gear. Best of all, R1- 6200 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor, see 1500 n
since the radio travels with you, text
you're never away from your re- T1- Output transformer, 4 ohms to
ceiver. 1000 or 2500 ohms
Build the rebroadcaster in a metal
cabinet. The power supply can be a
transistor radio type 9 -volt battery, put current exceeds 10 mA, increase frequency. The audio input connects
though a line supply is preferred for the value of RI in 20% increments to the speaker or headphone output
more dependable continuous opera- until the current is below 10 mA. of your communications equipment.
tion. The unit draws about 10 mA. The antenna wire cannot exceed 10 Adjust the volume on the receiver for
Power input and antenna length are feet. Adjust slug L1 so the rebroad- a high, undistorted transmission by
limited by FCC regulations. If the in- caster operates on an unused BC the rebroadcaster.
4 No Parts BC Booster
25 TO 100 FT
LONGWIRE ANTENNA
INSULATOR INSULATOR
Just about any transistor radio can you open the radio and wrap about
be made a "DX hound" with the No 5 turns around the rod antenna im- POLE POLE
Parts BC Booster. Simply bring in mediately adjacent to the antenna RADIO
OR --w
the end of an outdoor "longwire" an- coil mounted on the rod. Make cer-
tenna and wrap the end around the tain the ends of the antenna are in-
radio about 5 times. sulated with glass or ceramic insu- ANTENNA WINDING
( ABOUT 5 TURNS )
FERRITE ROD
Even better reception is possible if lators. ANTENNA
IN RADIO
5 Earphone limiter for CW

Most receivers don't provide auto- PARTS LIST FOR
matic volume control on code recep- EARPHONE LIMITER FOR CW
tion. Thus a CW signal that blows TO D1, D2 -1N60 diode
your headphones off one moment RECEIVER
TO
HEADPHONES R1- 5000-ohm audio taper
might lie buried on the threshold of OR
O PEAKER
potentiometer
hearing the next. The Headphone Rx -See text
Limiter chops those S9 -100 signals
21
down to size until they equalize with tion, the limiter should feed a head- existing speaker impedance and
weaker signals, giving relatively con- phone Q- peaker (described in an- power. In most cases this will be
stant headphone volume. Because the other circuit). equal to 4 ohms at 2 -5 watts.
clipping action produces some distor- The value of Rx should match the
G SUJI's Simple Squelch

It's almost a universal rule that
two -way radios have a squelch con-
trol, a device that mutes the back- PARTS LIST FOR
ground noise until a station is re- SWL'S SIMPLE SQUELCH
TO RECEIVER TO A 4 TO
11,12 -#47 pilot lamp

SPEAKER
ceived. Even public service radios OUTPUT
8 OHM
SPEAKER
now include a squelch, so why put up R1, R2 -4 to 6 -ohm resistor, 1 -watt,
with ear -jarring noise when listening 10 percent
on your SWL receiver. Just a couple S1 -Dpdt switch
of #47 pilot lamps scrounged from
old tube radios and two resistors are
all that's needed to squelch your SW
receiver. And if you can't scrounge weak signals. considering the low cost and ease of
the lamps, they're available at just In many instances, the circuit will construction. Just about any enclo-
about every radio parts distributor provide a basic attenuation of the sure, plastic or metal, can be used.
and service shop. Switch SI is needed noise background, not complete The components can even lie on the
only to bypass the squelch for very squelch. But it's a substantial squelch table.
7 Hi Z Earphone Booster
Quite often the audio output from C2's polarity is correct; the positive power is removed whenever the head-
small projects is just barely sufficient terminal connects to volume control phones are disconnected.
to produce a recognizable signal in R1 (wiper terminal). Adjust distor-
standard experimenter magnetic ear- tion control R3 for best sound quality. PARTS LIST FOR
phones. Yet a handful of surplus If you use a jack and plug to connect HI Z EARPHONE BOOSTER
components will provide enough gain your earphones to this amp, you can B1- Battery, 12 volts (two RCA
to turn that whisper sound into a eliminate on -off switch Si because VS068 in series or equiv.l
roar. C1- 0.1 -uF capacitor, 15 VDC or
Specifically intended for use with better
magnetic earphones of from 1000 to 2000(1 C2 -1 -uF electrolytic capacitor,
5000 ohms impedance, the Earphone Cl
MAGNETIC
HEADPHONES
15 VDC or better
Booster can do double -duty as an luF Q1 -PNP transistor, 2N2613 or
audio signal tracer. Transistor Q1 can equiv. (Radio Shack 276 -2003)
be any PNP of the 2N2613 variety. RI
500K
R1- 500,000-ohm audio taper
Even the 10- for -a -buck kind will
INPUT potentiometer
work. Volume control R1 should have R2- 100,000 -ohm,112-watt resistor
R3- 1- Megohm potentiometer,
an audio taper. Distortion control R3 any taper
can have any taper. Make certain
8 Crystal-Transistor Radio
That old favorite, the crystal ra- extra gain. For reception of weaker signals the
dio, becomes more than just a weak L1 is any ferrite antenna coil for receiver should be connected to an
voice buried in the headphone when the broadcast band, while El must earth ground such as the cold water
it's amplified with a "junk box" am- be a magnetic headset for maximum pipe. The longer the antenna, the
plifier. output level. To align the receiver, better the reception. Try 20 feet or
Transistor Q 1 can be just about set Cl's dial to the known frequency more.
any general purpose pnp germanium of a strong local station and adjust To feed the radio's output into an
type such as the 2N107, 2N109, etc. L1's slug until you hear the station in amplifier and speaker, replace the
The SK3003 specified gives a little the phones. headphone with a 1000 -ohm, 1/2-watt
resistor. Connect a .1 mfd, 25VDC
capacitor from Q 1's collector to the C2- 0.2 -uF, 10-VDC capacitor
amplifier input. Then be sure to con- D1 -1N60 diode
nect radio's ground to the amplifier El -Hi- impedance magnetic
ground. earphone (Calectro J4-825)
PARTS LIST FOR L1- Ferrite antenna coil
CRYSTAL -TRANSISTOR RADIO (Radio Shack 270 -1430)
B 1 -9 -V battery Q1- SQ3003 (RCA)
C1- 365 -pF tuning capacitor R1- 100,000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
9 Self - Powered (W Monitor

tone. Then tape the coil in position.
While the signal is generally
monitored with headphones, a small
PARTS LIST FOR 01
HEP253 A T1 monitor amplifier can be used. Sim-
SELF -POWERED CW MONITOR ply connect a 2000-ohm, 1/2-watt re-
C1- 0.05 -uF disc capacitor, sistor in place of the phones, and
50 VDC or better CI connect the amplifier input across
L1 -2 to 6 turns on 1 -in. form, 05uF 8200 MAG
the resistor. Start with a 2 -turn coil
PHONES
see text made of #16 enameled wire wound
Q1 -PNP transistor, HEP -253 on a 1/2-inch form.
(Radio Shack 276 -2004) If the signal pickup is not suffici-
R1-8200-ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
Tl- Miniature transistor Here's a self -powered CW keying ent to produce a steady tone, increase
transformer, 500 ohms center monitor that doesn't require a direct the coil one turn at a time until the
tapped to 500 ohms, Lafayette connection to the transmitter or tone is steady and reliable. If you
Radio Electronics 33 R 85531 transmission line. Position coil L1 cannot obtain any sort of tone with
(do not use secondary CT) near the transmitter output tank un- any coil, reverse the primary connec-
til you obtain a dependable key -down tions A and B.
10 29 Mag. Phone Filter

If you're tired of copying CW sig- PARTS LIST FOR
RI
nals through the grind without a Q- 290 MAG. PHONE FILTER
multiplier on your receiver, the 29C
Mag. Phone Filter is the next best RECEIVER C1- 0.005- .05 -uF capacitor (see
SPEAKER text
answer. It's the cheapest route to OUTPUT
greater selectivity. TERMINALS E1- 2000 -ohm magnetic headset
Capacitor Cl plus the inductance R1- 100,00 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
of a magnetic headset form a par-
allel resonant circuit at approximately
1 kHz. All other signals are sharply ceiver's low output impedance from the particular headset. Try different
attenuated so you hear mainly the reducing the "Q" of the headset cir- values in the range shown until the
signal you want. Resistor R1 isolates cuit. desired resonant frequency or peak-
the resonant circuit to prevent a re- The exact value of Cl depends on ing action is obtained.
11 Pep Up a Pocket BAB

Here's a low cost project that can Assemble the unit in a small plastic the radio with L1 directly behind the
pack a lot of extra sensitivity into an cabinet with coil L cemented to the loopstick antenna built into the radio.
ordinary transistor pocket radio. side or back of the cabinet; use an Tune capacitor C2 to the approxi-
You'll be able to do some extensive adhesive such as General Electric's mate frequency you want to receive,
broadcast band DX ing with that RTV. Connect from 10 to 80 feet of then turn on the radio and listen to
pocket portable the bank gave you antenna wire to the input, and posi- the signals boom in. Keep in mind
when you opened an account. tion this pocket booster flat against that the receiver's normal AVC ac-
23
tion will mask any boost applied to RI
strong signals. C2- 365 -pF miniature tuning 39K
capacitor with dial Cl

005uF
PLACE NEAR RADIO
C3- 0.05 -uF disc capacitor, 25 TO

WIRE
VDC or better ANTENNA
- C2
PARTS LIST FOR 01 LI
L1- Loopstick for C2 (Radio Shack NEP-641
365pF
PEP UP A POCKET BCB
270 -1430)
Q1 -NPN transistor, HEP -641
B1 -1.5 -volt
penlight AA battery (Radio Shack 276 -2002)
C1- 0.005 -uF disc capacitor, R1- 39,000-ohm, 112 -watt resistor
25 VDC or better S1 -Spst switch (on -off)
12 CB/AM Coupler
If you're tired of having your
friendly new car dealer knock $100 TO CAR
PLI RI GET BC FROM A CB ANTENNA
RADIO
or so off the trade-in allowance be- PL3 TO
C1-4 -40 -pF trimmer capacitor
COWL-MOUNTED
cause you drill holes in the body for TO C.B.
PL2 CI CB ANTENNA L1 -RF choke, Ohmite Z -144 or
CB antennas, simply replace the TRANSCEIVER equiv.
existing auto radio antenna with a R1- 560-ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
cowl -mount CB whip, install the CB
coupler and no one will know you
ever had a CB whip on the car. feeding through to the car radio. enclosure. Plugs PLI, PL2 and
Cowl- mounted CB whips generally When receiving broadcast stations PL3 should match the existing jacks
are exact replacements for auto Cl -L1 represents a high impedance, on the radio equipment, usually PL-
antennas. The coupler automatically thereby blocking the signals from en- 259 for the CB set and a Motorola -
connects the antenna to either the car tering the CB rig where they would type for the AM or AM /FM auto
radio or CB rig. When transmitting short -out. Instead, the broadcast sig- radio. To adjust Cl, connect an
on CB the series tuned circuit of CI- nals pass through R1 to the car ra- SWR meter between PL2 and the
L1 passes the RF along to the anten- dio. transceiver and adjust Cl for mini-
na, while R1 blocks the RF from Build the coupler in a small metal mum SWR.
13 Scope Your CB Signal

Critical inspection of a transmitter you use this booster. L1 adjacent to the ground end of L2.
signal and accurate measurement of Since a scope's vertical plate con- Connect L1 across the transmitter
modulation is possible only with an nections operate at a high input volt- output with the CB antenna system
oscilloscope. Note that you must use age, it requires that a CB transmitter's also connected.
your scope's vertical plate connection. output be fed to a resonant circuit to Adjust L1's slug for minimum
The RF signal can't travel through step up to high RF voltage. The cir- standing -wave ratio (SWR). If the
the vertical amplifier unless your cuit shown will just about fill a 5 -in. coil is correctly made, there should
scope happens to cost a kilobuck or scope from edge to edge with virtu- be no change in the antenna system's
more. Unfortunately, a CB transmit- ally no loss at the transmitter. SWR. Adjust C3 for the desired scope
ter's RF output is so low the scope First, wind L2 on the center of a trace height; it may be necessary to
pattern is barely discernible -unless 3/4-in. slug -tuned form. Then wind reset L1 each time C3 is adjusted.
PARTS LIST FOR

SCOPE YOUR CB SIGNAL
Cl, C2 -5 -pF silver mica capacitor TO

C3 -60 -pF trimmer capacitor TRANSMITTER
L1 -3 turns #22 solid, plastic - OUTPUT TO SCOPE
insulated wire, adjacent to VERTICAL PLATES
ground end of L2
L2 -4 turns #18 enameled wire,
centered on form
1-3/4-in. RF slug-tuned coil form
(J. W. Miller 4400 -2)

14 CB Pager
Small enough to fit into a cigarette on the Citizens Band (27 MHz) suit- on a standard CB transceiver, but
pack, this pocket -sized paging trans- able for paging inside a building. The not enough to cause receiver over-
mitter produces a low- output signal signal is strong enough to be heard load.
If only one crystal frequency is
needed, socket SO1 can be eliminat-
ed and an over -tone type crystal
soldered directly into the circuit. Sal-
PARTS LIST FOR CB PAGER vage crystals from junked units. The
whip antenna is a standard walkie-
Cl, C2- 0.001 -uF, 50-VDC. disc talkie three -section replacement type.
capacitor The carbon microphone can be a tele-
C3 -60-pF trimmer capacitor phone transmitter.
L1 -10 turns #16 enameled wire To tune, receive the signal on an
wound on 1/4-in. form, spaced 1 S- meter-equipped receiver and adjust
in. end to end trimmer C3 for maximum output.
MIC- Carbon microphone element RI Key the transmitter a few times to
Q1- HEP -50 npn transistor check crystal activity. If starting is
R1-47,000 -ohm, 2 -watt resistor intermittent, slightly alter C3's ad-
R2- 10,000 -ohm, 1 -watt resistor
R3-330-ohm, 1/2-watt resistor justment until operation is consistent.
S01- Crystal socket The power supply can be a stand-
ard 9V (2U6) battery.
15 CB Modulation Lamp
Less than $2 is all that's needed to
be certain that what you put into the
+9 TO
mike is really getting to your sky + 12VDC
TO JI
hook. Working directly from a mi- TRANSCEIVER
nute sample of the transceiver's RF
output, the Modulamp will glow only
TO J2
if there is a carrier output and modu- ANTENNA
lation. So if no one replies to your
call and the lamp glows in step with
your modulation, you can at least be PARTS LIST FOR
THE CB MODULATION LAMP
certain it's not the transceiver that's
at fault. C1 -5 -pF,
500 VDC ceramic disc miniature lamp
If the unit is built into a small capacitor 11, J2- Coaxial jack
metal box, jacks J1 and J2 should C2- 100 -pF, 500 VDC ceramic disc Ql -NPN transistor, 2N3393 or
match the existing transmission line capacitor equiv. (see text)
connectors. If you build the Modu- D1- Germanium diode, 1N60 R1- 10,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
lamp directly into your transceiver, I1 -6 or 8 -volt, 30 to 60 mA R2- 10,000-ohm potentiometer
simply connect capacitor Cl to the
RF output jack (and forget about J1 adjust trimmer potentiometer R2 un- gardless of R2's adjustment, substi-
and J2). To adjust, simply talk into til lamp I1 flashes in step with the tute a higher gain transistor for Ql
the mike in your normal voice and modulation. If I1 will not flash re- (try a 2N3392).
16 Talk Power Booster

If your CB or Ham rig is a little to handle anything from a low im- easy and inexpensive to try out a
shy on talk power, this 10 dB talk pedance dynamic mike to a crystal or breadboard model, don't bother wor-
power booster will give your signal ceramic model. You can run the rying about the input impedance of
that extra edge through the QRM. booster into just about any rig; your rig; it's faster to give it a try.
The input impedance is high enough chances are it will work. Since it's so Potentiometer R4 serves as the
Sl
PARTS LIST FOR
C3 - BI
TALK POWER BOOSTER
100 9VDC
OK Z 1 B1 -9 -volt battery (Type 2U6 (Radio Shack 276 -2028)
or equiv.) R1- 2- megohms, 1/2-watt resistor
JI 01 C1- 0.01 -uF capacitor R2- 3300 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
C2- 0.1 -uF Mylar capacitor R3- 10,000 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
C3- 100 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor R4 -50k or 100k audio -taper
11, J2 -Jacks to match existing potentiometer.
microphone equipment S1 -Spst switch
Q1 -FET, Motorola, MFP -103
volume control into your rig; it is ing microphone and transmitter con- regardless of what you use for a
adjusted for optimum modulation, as nectors. Battery BI can be the type power supply. A metal cabinet is sug-
indicated on a modulation meter or used for small transistor radios as the gested to keep hum and RF out of
other reliable device. current drain is but a few milliam- the microphone system.
Jacks J1 and J2 match your exist- peres. Capacitor C3 must be used
17 CB Modulation Monitor
You can measure CB audio modu-
lation percentage with the accuracy
of the local broadcast station -'cause
you'll be using the same type system.
In building the circuit, keep R1,
R2 and Dl's leads as short as possi-
ible. Meter MI must be a high -speed
model, such as the Aleo P -1000 se-
ries. Connect the meter across the
transceiver's RF output with a coax-
ial T- connector in the transmission
line. As you key the transmitter, set
switch SI to calibrate and adjust R2
for a full scale reading. Accuracy will
be within 10 percent.
Better accuracy is assured if R2's PARTS LIST FOR
CB MODULATION MONITOR
adjustment and meter calibrating
point is compared against a scope
modulation pattern. Don't compare C1- 500 -pF, 100 -VDC capacitor M1 -0 -1
mA DC high -speed meter
C2- 10 -uF, 10 -VDC electrolytic (Aleo P -1000
or equiv.)
this meter against commercial CB capacitor R1, R4 -1000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
modulation meters. On a tone signal, C3- 200 -pF, 100 -VDC capacitor R2- 1000 -ohm pot
this one is less accurate, but on C4- 300pF, 100 -VDC capcitor R3- 910 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor, 5%
speech modulation, the commercial D1, D2, D3 -1N60 germanium S1 -Spdt spring- return switch
models are not as accurate as a cir- diode
cuit of this type.
18 CB RF Detector For VOM/VTVM

Though CB field strength meters
aren't too expensive, for many CBers PARTS LIST FOR
(TO METER CB RF DETECTOR FOR VOM /VTVM
there's often no real reason to have TELESCOPIC
OBSERVE POLARITY)
one, until the time comes when you WHIP OR RFC1 -1- or 2.5 -mH RF choke, see
need to check out your rig or an-
WIRE text
tenna, and then it's too late. But if R1- 220,000 -ohms resistor
C1- 47 -pF, ceramic disc capacitor
you have a VOM or VTVM and
some spare parts around you can
Dl- Germanium diode, type
1N34/ 1N60 or equiv.
throw a CB RF detector together in J -Phono jack
1
a few minutes time. Fact is, you don't

26 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1 §77
even have to solder the wires, just ly, Cl can be 47 -pF or any other convenient scale indication. If your
twist them together. higher value to 0.001 -uF. And if Rl meter reads reverse off-scale, just
While RFC1 is shown as 1 -mH or is anywhere near 220,000 -ohms, switch the test lead connections. If
2.5 -mH, those are optimum values. that's okay too. you build the detector as a "perma-
Just about any RF choke can be Simply connect the RF detector's nent project" a phono jack output
used, including any choke salvaged output to your VOM or VTVM and will insure proper tneter polarity ev-
from an old CB transceiver. Similar- select the meter range that gives a ery time.
19 CB Remote Volume Control

Your CB rig can do double duty
by feeding signals around the house. PARTS LIST FOR
But to avoid blasting the sound in REMOTE VOLUME CONTROL CB
one location while it's a pipsqueak TRANSCEIVER
somewhere else, connect an L pad at L1, L2 -8 -ohm L pad, Radio Shack EXTERNAL
SPEAKER
each speaker, then run the transceiv- 40-979 for stereo, Radio Shack JACK
40 -980 for mono
er gain nearly wide open.
PL1 -Plug to match your external
The L pad is a special impedance- speaker jack
matching volume control that lets
you adjust the volume at each indi-
vidual speaker from full off to full the other speakers. Regardless of the using, best results are obtained with
on, without affecting the volume at impedance of the speakers you're 8 ohm L pads.
20 Low Voltage Diode Tester

Low voltage signal diodes are dark when the diode is reversed. If
easily tested with this "go /no -go" the lamp stays on when the diode is
checker. The only restriction is that reversed, the diode is shorted. If the
a diode under test be rated to handle lamp stays dark when the idode is
at least 60 mA. Diodes such as the reversed, the diode is open.
IN34 cannot be checked since test To test diodes rated under 60 mA,
current is too high. a lower current lamp must be substi-
If the diode is good, the lamp will tuted in the checker.
light in one direction, and remain
21 Fire Up a Nixie
Using Nixie tubes you can trans- Transformer T1 is 25OV center - necting to the top of Cl. The neon
mit numerical signals or even ball tapped, providing an output voltage numbers can be turned on either
scores over long distances. (peak DC) of approximately 200. through an 11- position (one position
The Nixie- actually a peanut-size Though current requirements are for off) rotary switch or individual
tube -has 10 numerical -shaped neon very low, D1 and D2 should be line- toggle switches.
lamps (0 through 9). By shorting the voltage type silicon rectifiers of 200
appropriate lead to ground, an inter- mA minimum. PARTS LIST FOR
nal neon lamp corresponding to that The same power supply can be FIRE UP A NIXIE
number is illuminated. used for additional Nixies, each con- C1-40 -uF, 250 -VDC electrolytic
capacitor
D1, 02 -1A, 400-PIV silicon
VI rectifier
T1 -117 -V primary, 250 -V
o 2 3 5 6 7 B 9 secondary, 25-mA center -
tapped power transformer
V1 -Neon readout tube (National
0 0 o o o o 0 o 0 Electronics NL840 or any high

voltage "Nixie" gas discharge -
. GROUND TO type tube)
TURN ON
NUMBER

22 Versatile Tone Oscillator
PARTS LIST FOR
VERSATILE TONE OSCILLATOR
TI
B1 -9 -V battery
Cl, C2- 0.02 -uF, 25 -VDC capacitor
Q1 -npn transistor, HEP -723
1111M4 SPKR
(Do not substitute)
R1- 10,000-ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
R2- 500,000 -ohm pot
(Calectro B1 -666)
01
MEP -723 Spkr -3.2 -ohm speaker
r--
JUMPER
T1- Output transformer:
5000-ohm center-tapped
6-11
' I I
primary to 3.2 -ohm secondary.

CLOSED- CIRCUIT
ALARM
9V DC
The circuit is a Hartley oscillator key across points C and D. For a closed magnetic switch, causes the
whose tone is determined by R2's "make" intruder alarm, connect one alarm to sound off.
value. Just about any wiring or layout or more normally open magnetic For use as a signal generator, con-
will work, but transformer T1 must be switches across points C and D. For a nect C and D and attach a shielded
the type used in table radios. A min- "break" intruder alarm connect a test signal lead directly across the
iature transistor transformer might jumper across C and D and connect speaker terminals.
not oscillate, or if it does, will pro- a series wire circuit across A and B, Service Note: If the unit fails to
duce only "clean" high tones, with which disables the oscillator though oscillate, generally due to transistor
no raucous or low frequency tones. power is applied. An intruder break- differences, change C2's value slight-
For CPO operation connect a hand ing the series circuit, or a normally ly.
23 Audio Powermeter
Here's an easy way to measure an
amplifier's output power without try- Watts at
ing to convert voltage to power PARTS LIST FOR Voltage 8 °ohms
AUDIO POWERMETER
measurements. Resistor RI provides
the load for your amplifier and 20.0 50
BP1, BP2- Insulated binding posts
Cl, C2- 100-uF, 50 VDC capacitors 17.9 40
should be rated at least twice the
maximum amplifier power output; 131, D2, D3, D4 -1 -A, 400-Ply diode 15.5 30
for example, if your amp puts out M1 -0 -1 mA DC meter 14.1 25
R1 -8 -ohm, 100 -watt resistor, see 12.6 20
25 watts, RI should be rated at least
50 watts. text 11.0 15
R2- 5000-ohm linear taper 9.0 10
The meter scale must be hand cali- potentiometer
brated, and will take some time and 6.3 5
2.8 1
effort, but once done it's done for
2.0 0.5
good. Remove the scale cover from
meter M1 and borrow an AC vari- D2
able autotransformer, or connect a
1000 Hz signal generator to the am-
plifier output. Connect the output of
INPUT
BPI O (
Cl
)14=
C2
Ml
the autotransformer (or amplifier) to L00uF IoOuF
BP2
binding posts BPI and BP2, and con- IMA
METER
nect an AC voltmeter (VOM) MOVEMENT
across the binding posts. Set R2 to
off-full counter -clockwise if correct-
ly wired. Adjust the autotransformer
(or amplifier) output until the AC
meter indicates 20 V rms -the volt- scale indication on meter M 1. Seal the binding posts in accordance with
age for 50 watts across 8 ohms. R2's shaft with a drop of Glyptol or the table shown and mark the meter
Adjust potentiometer R2 for a full nail polish. Reduce the voltage across scale accordingly.
24 Audio Distortion Meter
This 1 -kHz distortion meter is ex- position and note the meter reading. equal to the minimum reading di-
tremely accurate and is handy for Set SI to the THD (Total Harmonic vided by the calibrate reading x 100.
measuring the distortion of power Distortion) position and adjust both The circuit works by filtering out
amplifiers. coil L and resistor R for the mini- the 1 -kHz fundamental signal with
Resistor Rx is the load resistor for mum meter reading. the L 1 /C1/C2/R1 T-notch filter.
the amplifier; 4, 8 or 16 ohms at the The percent harmonic distortion is What's left is the harmonic content.
appropriate power rating. The AC
meter can be a VTVM or a 20,000
ohms /volt or higher VOM. Adjust
the amplifier for the desired power
output, set switch SI to the calibrate
PARTS LIST FOR

AUDIO DISTORTION METER
Cl, C2- 0.01 -uF, 100-VDC INPUT
TO AC
capacitor, 5% FROM
METER
L1 -UTC VC -15 variable inductor AMP.
(Do not substitute)

R1 -500,000-ohm pot
Rx-Amplifier load resistor (see
text)
Sl -Dpdt switch
25 Hi-to-lo Z Mike Amp

Try to run a high impedance mike vert the mike's output to a low im- cuit serves only to convert high to
line for more than 25 feet and you're pedance that can run for hundreds of low impedance; it provides no am-
sure to get high frequency losses and feet without hum pickup or losses. plification. A metal enclosure must
hum pickup. But this simple junk -box The output can be run into any be used. The Field Effect Transistor,
project mounted in a small metal en- microphone input -rated from 150- 01, can be just about any surplus N-
closure on the mike stand will con- ohms up to high impedance. The cir- channel type.
BI
PARTS LIST FOR

HI -TO -LO Z MIKE AMP
TO HIGH-2
B1 -1.5 -volt AA battery (Radio Shack 276 -2028) MICROPHONE s cl
LOW -Z
C1- 10 -uF, 12 VDC electrolytic R1- 2- megohm, 1/2 -watt resistor OUTPUT
capacitor R2- 150 -ohm, 112 -watt resistor TO AMP
Ql -Field effect transistor, Sl -Spst switch

Motorola MPF-103
26 Low Power Safety Light

STO6
VDC, 20MA
Sometimes things that start out PARTS LIST FOR NO NIGHER
LOW POWER SAFETY LIGHT THAN 6V00
as toys wind up as circuit hardware.
LED2
This device started out as winking
bow -tie lights, but its low current IC1 -Type 7400 integrated circuit
consumption of 20 mA or less makes LED1, LED2 -see text
it ideal as a power indicator for R1, R2- 4700 -ohms, 1/2 -watt resistor
R3, R4- 120 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
"dangerous" or portable equipment
Cl, C2 -50-uF capacitor, rated
where something more is needed 6 -VDC or higher
than a light that just glows. If you
purchase the IC, LEDs and capaci-
tors from a "surplus" dealer the but it's best not to make the resist- ever is least expensive. Four penlight
whole thing should cost less than ance values higher than 4700 ohms. batteries (6 -VDC) can be used as a
$2. The circuit uses a standard 7400 So if you want to change the timing portable power supply, but the cir-
IC as a multivibrator, and the values rate you should change the values of cuit will work with only three pen-
shown cause the lamps to alternate Cl and C2. Increasing the capaci- lights (4.5 -VDC). If you use 4.5-
at a rate of approximately once a tance slows down the rate of change. volts try to use 20 mA LEDs for
second. The timing is determined by Any LED indicator rated from 20 greatest brightness. Ground all un-
the values of R1, R2, Cl and C2, to 40 mA can be used. Use what- used IC terminals.
27 Headlight Minder
No more dead batteries in the lights are on when the ignition is off. complete power path for Q 1. Diode
morning; the Headlight Minder lets When the ignition only is on, the D1 prevents positive battery voltage
you know, loud and clear, if your tone circuit is off since there is no from flowing through Q1 to the
PARTS LIST FOR

HEADLIGHT MINDER
C1- 30 -uF, 25 -VDC electrolytic
capacitor
C2- 0.25 -uF, Mylar capacitor IGNITION
+12v
TO BO
D1 -1 -A, 50 -PIV rectifier
t
R2
Q1- HEP -630 pnp transistor RI SPKR
R1- 15,000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor To
LIGHTS
R2- 680 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor SI
OI
S1 -Dpst switch HEP -630 C2
Spkr -8 -ohm speaker NEGATIVE
+
CAR GROUND Of
T1- 500 -ohm CT pri. to 8 -ohm sec. DI
output transformer, Lafayette
Radio Electronics 33 R 85572
lights. When lights and ignition are minal through R1 and the generator board so RI is connected through
on, Q 1's collector and emitter are sounds off. You'll know you left the the cabinet to the car's chassis, there-
positive and the tone generator re- lights switched on. by completing a negative battery con-
mains off. When the lights are on and The unit can be built in a metal nection.
the ignition is off, Q l's (ground) ter- cabinet fastened to the car's dash-
28 Slide Show Stopper

Soundless slide shows are dull, commentary or spectacular music - PARTS LIST FOR
dull, dull! But a stereo recorder can and -sound reproduction through a SLIDE SHOW STOPPER
automate the whole show so slides speaker connected to the recorder's
change automatically in step with left channel, while the signal on the C1- 25 -uF, 50 -VDC electrolytic
the commentary. right channel automatically changes capacitor
Record your commentary on the the slides. D1,D2- 1- Aí400-PIV silicon
left track. At the instant you want rectifier, Motorola 1N4004
slides to change, record a one -second K1- 2500 -ohm coil plate -type
relay
noise or tone burst on the right track. T1- 5000 -ohm CT audio output
Connect the programmer between the DI transformer
recorder's right speaker output and
the projector's remote control cable. 41,
Make a test run to determine the TO

right -track volume setting to make RECORDER
TO
noise or tone bursts activate relay K1. SPEAKER PROJECTOR
OUTPUT O CONTROL
No fancy tone generators needed here. I
Just give a hearty Bronx cheer into

the mike of the left channel only! KI
Then start the tape from the begin-

ning. The audience will hear your

29 foil-Safe Emergency light
Next time the power fails there's lic buildings. The lamp is one of those inexpen-
no need to stumble around in the dark As long as there's AC on the sive battery- operated closet lamps
looking for a flashlight, for this emer- powerline relay Kl contacts are held sold by mail order houses. They nor-
gency light will automatically turn on open breaking the battery-to -lamp mally work off two C -cells (3 volts),
a battery lamp as soon as the power circuit. When power fails the wiper on so you'll have to replace the bulb with
fails. This same type of emergency Kl springs back, closing the battery- a 6-volt flashlight or high intensity
lighting is now required in many pub- to -lamp circuit. bulb. Don't try to use the existing bat-
teries and bulb; the C -cells won't run
long enough. The lantern battery has
PARTS LIST FOR a shelf life of about 2 -years in standby
FIXTURE MADE
FAIL-SAFE FROM BATTERY service. To be sure of lighting when
EMERGENCY LIGHT CLOSET LIGHT you need it, affix a lable to the battery
Pl
showing the date it should be
replaced.
POWER ON
LANTERN Relay K1 can be any continuous
BATTERY
duty 117 VAC model with spdt con-
KI tacts. Note the lighting circuit con-
nects to the relay contacts that are
open when K l is energized.
30 to -Cost Lamp Dimmer
With miniature components and

extreme care you can build a low
power lamp dimmer right into a
socket. Without a heat sink, Triac
Q handles up to a 200 -watt lamp.
1
Instead of a relatively expensive I I7 VAC
trigger diode, an ordinary neon lamp

of the NE -2 variety can be used.
Because the neon does not trip the
gate until it conducts, the lamp turns
on at medium brilliance. The lamp
can then be backed off to a soft PARTS LIST FOR LO -COST LAMP DIMMER
glow. Because the neon drops out 400 watts
Cl, C2- 0.068 -uF, 200 -VDC
when the applied voltage falls below capacitor Q1 -RCA SK3024 Triac
the neon holding voltage of approx- I1 -NE -2 neon lamp ( Calectro R1- 50,000 -ohm, pot. (Calectro
imately 40V the lamp cannot adjust E2 -480) B1-685)
as low as it can with a diode trigger. 12- External lamp not to exceed R2- 15,000-ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
31 Bull Horn
The next time someone tries to battery drain since the horns are very Q2 from the cabinet with insulated
outshout you at a public meeting just efficient. power transistor mounting hardware.
reach for this Bull Horn and drown Note there is no main circuit Potentiometer R1 is used to com-
'em out. ground. Transistors Q1 and Q2 must pensate for different carbon micro-
With a little ingenuity the circuit be heat sinked. Since Q1 and Q2's phone values, and for reduced battery
can be built into a small metal cabi- collectors are connected to the heat voltage. Normally, a Bull Horn gets
net that secures directly to the 6-volt sink mounting tab you can secure very distorted as the battery wears
lantern battery power supply. Speaker the transistors directly to the cabinet down. With this circuit, however, you
SPK -1 can be anything from 4- to if you use the ground indicated by the can compensate somewhat for bat-
8 -ohms impedance, but a miniature dashed lines. If you connect the battery wear with R1, getting up to 25
PA horn or "trumpet" will give much tery's negative wire to the cabinet percent extra use from the battery.
greater volume with no increase in (ground) you must insulate Q1 and Wire R1 so maximum resistance is in
the circuit when RI's shaft is full
counterclockwise. A linear taper pot HEAT SINK 01,02
will give the easiest control. OI 02
M1 can be any carbon microphone;
from a surplus telephone transmitter
to the element from an old, scrapped
aC _ 1_7SEE
CB rig's microphone. If you get one
of the war surplus carbon mikes you
can use the built in push -to -talk
E TEXT
SPK
/
I
(PTT) switch for SI.

To use, set RI full counter- clock-
wise and turn Si on. As you speak
into the mike adjust RI very slowly 1M,
for cleanest sound, or maximum un- R2
derstandable volume. This adjustment BI
compensates the circuit for the mi- -T 6V LANTERN
crophone impedance and, once set,
you can leave it alone. Later, to SI
stretch the battery life, adjust Rl
slightly clockwise as the distortion PARTS LIST FOR BULL HORN
(caused by reduced battery voltage) R1- 5000 -ohm potentiometer, M1-Carbon microphone, see text
increases. Do not use the Bull Horn linear taper suggested B1 -6 -volt lantern battery
when the distortion is very bad and R2 -180 -ohms, 1 watt, 10 %, SPK-1- Speaker, see text
R1 is full clockwise as this will dam- resistor 51-switch, SPST, see text
age the transistors: get a new bat- Q1, Q2 -NPN power transistor, Misc.-Cabinet.
tery. Radio Shack 276 -2020
32 Easy to Build Speech Clipper

An effective speech clipper for at approximately .2V, allowing over- the preamp uses a negative supply,
transmitters and PA systems can be all amplifier gain to be increased reverse Cl's polarity. The output
made from only two diodes and a without speech peaks producing over - level to the rest of the amplifier is
capacitor. modulation or excess peak power determined by R1. If the diodes
Connect the diodes to the collector output. cause distortion in the preamplifier,
of the microphone preamplifiier, the Capacitor Cl's voltage rating must add resistor Rx, as shown. Use the
stage with at least a IV peak -to-peak be at least equal to the DC supply necessary value between 1000 and
audio output voltage. The diodes clip voltage at the preamp collector. If 10,000 ohms.
+VDC
PARTS LIST FOR

SPEECH CLIPPER
C1- 100 -uF electrolytic capacitor
(see text)
C2- 0.1 -uF capacitor
R1- 50,000 -ohm, audio taper MIKE
PREAMP
potentiometer
Rx -See text
33 Simple BFI Filter

It is not uncommon for nearby The reason is that the input pream- else, such as grounding equipment
communications transmitters, and plifier in the hi -fi makes a dandy RF and installing power line filters, fails
even AM and FM broadcast trans- detector for any radio signal(s) to get rid of the interference, try in-
mitters to be heard in hi -fi amplifiers picked up by the connecting lead stalling this simple RFI (radio fre-
that are switched to the phono input. from the turntable. After everything quency interference) filter in series
with the input lead to the preampli-
fier. Best results are attained if the PREAMPLIFIER
PARTS LIST FOR
filter is as close as possible to the
preamp input transistor itself. But if
it means cutting into the printed cir-
cuit board's wiring, place the filter at
INPUT
CT
RFC'
2
v SIMPLE RFI FILTER
Cl, C2- 240 -pF dipped Mylar or

silver mica capacitor
the input to the PC board wiring - RFC1 -10 -uH miniature RF choke,
J. W. Miller 75F105AP or equiv.
where the wire from the phono input
jack connects to the copper foil termi-
nal. Make certain Cl and C2 connect frequencies. the same way in every circuit. There
to the copper foil ground. The values Keep in mind that the filter might are some RF interference problems
of the filter have no effect on audio also fail. Not every RF filter works that just won't go away.
34 Stereo Beat Filter

Many early stereo tuners, and quite by an ordinary transistor radio type R5 so the output level at 10 kHz is
a number of modern budget priced battery, is connected to the output of the same as for 1 kHz. You might
stereo tuners, have considerable out- the FM stereo tuner, and provides have to check the measurements sev-
put at 19 kHz and 38 kHz from the approximately 12 to 15 dB additional eral times to get set correctly.
stereo pilot system. While these attenuation at 19 kHz and about 25 When properly adjusted there will be
frequencies aren't heard, they can dB attenuation at 38 kHz. It has vir- perhaps 1 dB loss at 15 kHz.
raise havoc if they leak through to a tually no effect on the frequency re- The input signal should be in the
Dolby noise reduction encoder, or if sponse below 15 kHz, the upper limit range of 0.1 to 1 volt- typical level
the frequencies beat with a tape re- of frequencies broadcast by FM sta- from a tuner's tape output jack.
corder's bias frequency or its har- tions.
monics. Normally, Dolby -equipped The only really critical components
units have a 19 kHz filter specifically are Cl, C2 and R4, and no substi- PARTS LIST FOR
to avoid the problem of pilot leakage tutions should be made. STEREO BEAT FILTER
from the tuner, but often the pilot A' signal generator is required for Resistors 1/2-watt, 10 %, unless
interference is so high it still gets alignment. Feed in a 1 kHz signal and otherwise specified
through. note the output voltage. Then change R1-470,000-ohms
This filter, which can be powered the generator to 10 kHz and adjust R2- 220,000-ohms
R3- 33,000-ohms
R4- 33,000-ohms, 5%
+9V, 1OMA R5 -5,000-ohm linear taper
potentiometer
R6- 3,300 -ohms
Capacitors rated 10-VDC or higher
CI Cl -0.047 -u F
C2, C3- 220 -pF, 2% silver mica
C' 5 OUT ITO RECORDER) or equiv.
R5 C4-25-uF
C5 -1 -uF
Ql- Transistor, Radio Shack
276 -2009
Q2- Transistor, Radio Shack
276-2021
35 Record Restorer
Old 78 -rpm collector's -item rec-
Rl
ords cut back in the early days when 270K
performers sang in front of a large PARTS LIST FOR
RECORD RESTORER C2 C3
horn usually have a peak in the mid - Cl
0.2uF 02uF 0.2uF
r
band that drives the sound into your 1( 1\
(
mind like a fingernail scratched Cl, C3- 0.25 -uF mylar capacitor OUT
across a blackboard. The overall

C2- 0.02 -uF mylar capacitor R2 R3
R1- 270,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor 50K
-S 50K
sound quality is easily tamed, and R2, R3- 50,000 -ohm potentiometer,
made more natural and modern, by linear taper
attenuating the shrill peaks with a
Record Restorer, a device that sup -
presses, by hi -fi standards, the mid - your phonograph to the restorer in- the most pleasing sound. If R3's ad-
band frequencies. put. Connect the output of the re- justment is too little, or too much as
The Record Restorer should be as- storer to your tape recorder. Set po- evidenced by a "hole" in the sound
sembled in a metal cabinet to prevent tentiometer R2 to maximum resist- quality, trim the restorer with R2 un-
hum pickup. Connect the output of ance and adjust potentiometer R3 for til you get the optimum equalization.
36 FM Overload Filter
A simple filter is all it takes to downlead is coaxial cable, only one
remove a strong, local FM signal that filter is installed -in series with the RFCI
is blocking or cross modulating other center (hot) conductor. To adjust,

FM stations. The filter connects in
series with the FM antenna's down -
lead. Just be sure to use the shortest PARTS LIST FOR
FM OVERLOAD FILTER TO 300 OHM TO
possible length between the filter's ANTENNA TWIN LEAD Sib; RECEIVER
output and the receiver. Cl,C2 -40 -pF trimmer capacitor
RFC1, RFC2- 0.22 -uH RF choke,
The filter must be assembled in a VERY
any type SHORT
metal cabinet with 1/4-in. access holes S1 -Dpst slide switch
so you can adjust the trimmer tuning Misc- 300-ohm twinlead, metal
capacitors. The metal cabinet is cabinet RFC2
grounded to the receiver's chassis.
Switch S1 bypasses the filter for nor- tune in the offending station and use adjust trimmer capacitors Cl and
mal operation. If your antenna's an insulated alignment screwdriver to C2 for minimum signal strength.
37 Hook -up Remote Speakers

Even if your hi -fi amplifier does remote speakers as shown; switch S1
not have output terminals for remote turns the remote speakers on and off.
MAIN SPEAKER REMOTE SPEAKER
speakers, it is easy enough to add Since transistor amplifiers usually put
8 -16 OHMS 8-16 OHMS them without complex switching out more power at 4 ohms than at 8
Sla
STEREO
SI- SWITCH DPST
equipment. With few exceptions, or 16 ohms, adding the extra speak-
AMPLIFIER
SW
modern solid -state amplifiers have no ers does not substantially reduce the
RIGHT 8 -16 OHMS 8.16 OHMS
output transformer and automatically volume at the main speakers because
MAIN SPEAKER REMOTE SPEAKER match any speaker impedance be- the amplifier sees a lower impedance
FROM tween 4 and 16 ohms. The only im- load and attempts to drive more
LEFT AMPLIFIER MAIN
4n portant consideration is that the total power output into the combined
REMOTE
impedance connected to the left and/ speaker load.
S2-
an
SWITCH DPDT
or right speaker output is never less If your speakers are 4 ohms, and
FROM
RIGHT AMPLIFIER MAIN than 4 ohms, or the amplifier will at- you plan to use 4 ohm remote speak-
411
tempt to deliver so much power out- ers use the circuit modification shown.
REMOTE put, the output transistors will self - Switching in the remote speaker will
411
destruct. result in the main and remote speak-
If your main speakers have an im- ers being series connected for a total
pedance of 8 or 16 ohms, simply add load of 8 ohms.
38 Audio Z-Matcher
Headphone outputs aren't stand- But use a Z- Matcher, actually a and you can use just about any phone
ard. On some equipment the phone low -to -high matching transformer, on any circuit. Don't let the 4 and
output might be low impedance such
T
as for hi -fi type headphones; on other
equipment the phone output might be PARTS LIST FOR
"high Z" such as 1,000 or 10,000 AUDIO Z- MATCHER
ohms. Connect low-Z phones to a T1 -Audio output transformer; 4 -8- Hi Z
high -Z output and the volume level ohm primary, 10,000-ohm

will fall to next-to- nothing, and dis- secondary -
tortion might soar to unpleasant val-

ues.
10,000-ohm markings fool you. Any the 10,000-ohm terminals. For ex- phones to the 4-ohm terminals and
low -Z phone from 4 to 20 ohms con- ample, if you are using 8 -ohm hi -fi the 10,000 -ohm terminals to the re-
nects to the 4 -ohm transformer ter- phones and a recorder with a 5000 - corder. An exact match isn't critical.
minals; any high -Z phone connects to ohm phone output, connect the 8 -ohm
39 Budget Mike Mixer

Using components often found in 100,000 ohms. If a hi -Z mike is load- nal -to -noise ratio. Top quality high -
an experimenter's junk box, this two- ed by less than 1 megohm, the low gain transistors should not be used
channel mike mixer handles high im- frequency response of the mike is since relatively high leakage current
pedance or dynamic microphones. attenuated. of experimenter -grade transistors pro-
Level controls R1 and R2 should not Transistor Q1 can be almost any vides the base bias current. Transis-
be run wide open with hi -Z mikes general purpose type such as the tors with low leakage might produce
since the input impedance then be- 2N107 or 2N217. However, the bet- high distortion because of low "in-
comes the value of R3 and R4, or ter the transistor, the better the sig- ternal" base bias.
C3
CI
01
)f+ PARTS LIST FOR
BUDGET MIKE MIXER
Bl -9 -V battery
R5 Cl, C2- 0.1 -uF, 50-VDC capacitor
R3
INPUT I
o capacitor
-Pnp general purpose transistor,
rc
OUTPUT Q1
(GE -2, Calectro K4 -500, etc.)
R1, R2- 2- megohm audio taper
potentiometer
INPUT 2 R2
R3, R4- 100,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt
C2 resistor
1 R5- 15,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
S1 -Spst switch
40 Stereo Balance Meter

One sure way to be certain your the left and right channel balance HI -FI AMPLIFIER
sound system is in perfect electrical until meter M indicates zero; mean-
1 LEFT RIGHT
balance is to use a power amplifier ing the left and right output level are
stereo balance meter to substitute for identical- that's balance.
guesswork.
Meter M can be a zero -center DC
1
PARTS LIST FOR
milliammeter rated -0 -1 mA or less.
1 STEREO BALANCE METER
Alternately, you could use a standard
meter but the pointer might be driven D1, D2- Silicon rectifier rated 100
Ply at any low current
off -scale to the left while making ad- M1- Zero -center DC mA meter (see
justments, though the meter won't text)
01
be damaged -it will just be an incon- R1, R2- 1000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor,
venience. 5% or 1% 1
0-I mA
Play any stereo disc or tape and MI
then set the amplifier to mono. Adjust
41 Magnetizer-Demagnetizer
Quite often it's most handy to mag- recorder's heads. This easy device can each pair together and connect the
netize your tools to start a screw or flip your tools either way, at any time. coil into the circuit as shown. As-
nut into a blind spot. On the other All it takes is the press of a button. semble the unit in a plastic (not
hand, there are times when your tools Coil L1 is an ordinary TV focus metal) cabinet using zip, or lamp,
must have absolutely no trace of mag- coil. Using an ohmmeter, locate two wire about 12 -in. long for L1's con-
netism, such as when adjusting a tape pair of leads. Short one lead from nections.
To magnetize a tool, place switch
S1 in the M position, insert the tool PARTS LIST FOR
into L l's opening and depress switch MAGNETIZER -DEMAGNETIZER
PB 1 for about 1 second. Release PB 1
PB1
SRI C1- 40 -uF, 200 VDC capacitor
and then withdraw the tool. To de- F1 -5- ampere fuse
magnetize, place the tool inside L1, L1-TV focus coil, see text
set S1 to D and depress PB 1. While 117 VAC
PB1- normally-open pushbutton
switch
holding PB 1 down slowly withdraw
S1 -Spdt switch
the tool from L1. If the unit fails to
SR1- Silicon rectifier, 400 PIV,
magnetize reverse the connections of 1 A.
one pair of L1's leads.
42 Add-A-Tweeter
EXISTING
WOOFER
Any single -voice coil speaker is about 1500 Hz up to pass into the
hard pressed to handle both low and tweeter. By keeping the lows out of
high frequencies simultaneously-and the tweeter, the highs come out clean- CI C2 NEW
TWEETER
25uF 25uF
it's the highs that suffer most. A er, and there's no chance of the great-
much cleaner sound can usually be er low frequency power "blowing" PARTS LIST FOR
obtained from speakers 6 inches or the tweeter. Potentiometer R1 is used ADD -A-TWEETER
larger if the highs are pumped to match the tweeter's output level
through a tweeter. It can be any small to that of the woofer- because small Cl, C2 -22 -uF electrolytic
speaker rated 4 to 6 ohms of approx- speakers are generally much more capacitor, 50 VDC
R1 -50 -ohm wirebound
imately 2 to 3 inches in diameter. efficient than large' speakers. If you potentiometer, 1 or 2 watts.
The back -to -back capacitors, Cl eliminate R1, the highs will literally
Misc. -Cone type tweeters are
and'C2, permit only the highs from scream in your ears. suitable for use with this circuit.
43 Mike Input Generator

You can always feed an audio
generator into a mike input to check
an AF system, but how do you check
the mike? Saying "woof, woof, hello, PARTS LIST FOR
test" gets mighty tiring. Instead, MIKE INPUT GENERATOR
clamp the generator to the front of B1 -Type 216 9 -V battery
the mike with a rubber band and C1- 0.1 -uF, 50-VDC capacitor
you'll send continuous tone through Q1- Unijunction transistor -
the mike. It lets you take your time HEP -310 (Radio Shack 276 -2029)
checking the mike, connecting cable, R1- 10,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
jacks, amplifiers, etc. R2 -47 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
S1 -Spst switch
The beeper can be built in a small Spkr -8 -ohm miniature speaker
plastic case -nothing is critical. The
speaker may be any size from one to
three inches.
44 Automatic Hi-Fi Shutoff

It happens to just about everyone. and notice the glow from the pilot the turntable motor is on, relay Kl
One minute you're listening to the lamps. Yet, this simple circuit, which closes and applies power to AC sock-
hi -fi, the next you're called away to you can throw together in less than et SO1; when the turntable shuts off,
answer the doorbell or a phone call. an hour, will automatically turn off removing voltage from the motor, Kl
You forget all about the music, the the amplifier when the turntable shuts opens, disconnecting power from the
record plays through, the automatic off. outlet. Because the turntable auto-
turntable shuts off -but the amplifier The relay coil voltage is taken matic shutoff switch might not be
stays on until you happen to pass by from across the phono motor; when able to carry the amplifier load, the
AC power for SOI is taken off before
the automatic shutoff switch. Switch
AUTOMATIC SHUT -OFF
S1 bypasses the relay contacts and SWITCH ON PHONOGRAPH
applies power to the socket even
when the turntable is off.
PARTS LIST FOR

AUTOMATIC HI -FI SHUTOFF
K1- 117 -VAC relay with contacts
rated at least 5 amperes at 117
VAC (Calectro D1 -980 or equiv.)
S1- Switch, Spst (shutoff bypass)
S01-AC socket (Calectro F3 -100)
45 Tape Dubbing Filter

Next time a friend asks you to dub frequency slightly up or down to ob- Some solid state recorders with input
his old 78 or worn 45 record collec- tain more or less high frequency at- impedances less than 100,000 ohms
tion on tape, don't start telling him tenuation as needed. For proper op- will reduce the degree of high fre-
how it will come out with more eration, the recorder input imped- quency noise filtering. This unit
scratch and noise than music. No ance should be at least 100,000 ohms. should be built in a metal enclosure.
need to apologize. Just pass his rec-
ords through the Tape Dubbing Filter
and he'll never know wh' hoppen' to PARTS LIST FOR
the noise -it will all be gone. THE TAPE DUBBING FILTER RI
R2
IOOK
The filter connects between the sig- Cl, C2- 330 -pF disc capacitor, 500 FROM SIGNAL
1001(
TO
RECORDER
nal source such as a record player VDC or better SOURCE rINPUT
and your tape recorder. Its cut-off R1- 100,00 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
CI
300pFT 300pF
C2
1
frequency starts at about 5000 Hz, R2- 100,000 -ohm potentiometer,
attenuation increasing at the higher any taper
noise producing frequencies. Control
R2 allows you to shift the "corner"
46 Tape Dubber's Pad

Many cassette recorders do not level. This recorder bridging cord
PARTS LIST FOR have a high level (aux) input; they provides about 50 dB attenuation in
TAPE DUBBER'S PAD are meant only for use with micro- a single, easy -to- handle assembly.
PLI, PL2 -Plugs to match existing phones. If you try to dub directly Connect resistor R1 in series with the
tape equipment shielded cable from another recorder's "line" out- shielded cable hot lead. Connect the
R1- 100,00 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor put, or from across the speaker, the free end of R1 to recorder plug PL2
R2- 10,000-ohm, Y4-watt resistor relatively high signal level overloads and one end of resistor R2. Fold
the microphone input, causing severe R2 back adjacent to R1 and solder
SHIELDED
CABLE distortion. the free end to the cable shield. Loop
RI TO MEDIUM
FROM PLI
/ IOOK PL2 IMPEDENCE Good dubs can be obtained by a wire from the shield to the PL2
LEVEL
OUTPUT
T1 I
OP00
MICCROPHHONE attenuating the high level signal al- outside (sleeve) terminal. PLI
R2
INPUT
most 50 dB, so the attenuated signal should match the output jack of the
10K
is essentially equal to microphone recorder you dub from.
47 100 kHz Marker Oscillator

This 100 -kHz marker oscillator cals, 2400 Crystal Drive, Ft. Myers, wwv at 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25
provides output from 100 kHz to FL 33901. Send ten cents for their MHz -whichever frequency you re-
about 30 MHz, and can be built catalog. ceive best. For maximum stability C2
from salvaged components. Only the Trimmer capacitor Cl is used to should be a silver mica, but an or-
crystal is critical; it must be 100 kHz zero beat the marker's output to dinary dipped Mylar will work well;
and can be ordered from JAN Crys- National Bureau of Standards station you simply might have to readjust
Cl more often. Do not make C5 any
larger than 25- or 27 -pF.
Note that two bypass capacitors -
C3 and C4-are required. C3 should
be as close as possible to RFC1. C4
can be near the battery. If you have
a 2.5 -mH choke lying around you
should try it out before buying a 1-
mH choke for RFC1, because 2.5-
mH will probably work in your cir-
cuit. Transistor Q1 can be any high
frequency, silicon NPN of the
2N2222 type." Battery B1 is the 2U6
type such as used in small transistor
radios. PARTS LIST FOR capacitor
To use the marker simply place C5 -25- or 27 -pF ceramic disc
100 KHZ MARKER OSCILLATOR
the output wire (about 12 inches capacitor
long) near the receiver's antenna in- R1- 470,000-ohms, 1/2-watt, 10 %, RFC1 -1 -mH RF choke
resistor Q1 -NPN transistor, 2N2222,
put. If the markers aren't strong Cl -5 -to 50-pF trimmer capacitor (RS 276 -2009 or equiv.) see text
enough at the higher frequencies try C2- 390 -pF silver mica capacitor, X1 -100 kHz crystal, see text
clipping the wire to the antenna ter- see text S1- Switch, SPST
minal. C3- 100-pF ceramic disc capacitor 131-Battery, 9-VDC, type
The unit can be assembled on an C4- 0.001 -uF ceramic disc 2U6 or equiv.
open perfboard or in a plastic cab-
inet.
48 Crystal Activity Checker

A fast way to see if the crystal from tals. Socket SO1 should match the
PARTS LIST FOR your transmitter or receiver is proper- pins on your crystals. If you use more
CRYSTAL ACTIVITY CHECKER
ly "active" is to compare its output than one type of crystal, install two
B1 -9 -volt transistor radio battery against that of a known good crystal. (or more) sockets in parallel. The
C1 -50-pF disc capacitor, This crystal checker will handle both unit can be assembled in any type of
100 VDC or better fundamental and overtone type crys- cabinet.
C2- 0.005 -uF disc capacitor,
BI
25 VDC or better pBl 9 VDC
C3 -33 -pF disc or mica
100 VDC or better
capacitor, RFC
-1-0_1
Dl- Diode, 1N60
M1- Meter, 0-1 mA DC F
PB1- Normally open push button RI

100K
switch
Q1 -NPN transistor, HEP-50
Ml
(Radio Shack 276-2009) 0-1 MA +
R1- 100,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
RFC- 2.5 -mH RF choke
S01- Socket to match crystals,
see text
To test a crystal's activity, first plug its meter reading; if it's good its out- exact same type as the crystal to be
in a known good crystal, depress push put should approximate that of the tested. If good crystals drive the meter
button switch PB 1 and note the me- reference crystal. Take care that you off scale, install a 1000 -ohm, 1/2-watt,
ter reading. Then install the ques- don't compare apples with oranges; 10 percent resistor in series with
tionable crystal, press PB 1 and note the reference crystal should be the meter Ml.
49 455 kHz Alignment Osc.

Using a 455 -kHz crystal, this gen- circuit stability. A metal cabinet re- just L l's slug for maximum S -meter
erator provides a signal for testing duces radiation so the signal fed to reading in a receiver or connect R2
and aligning radio IF circuits. The the receiver will be primarily deter- to an oscilloscope and adjust L1 for
unit is built on a perfboard or some mined by level control R2. maximum output.
other rigid mounting to achieve good To align the completed circuit, ad- Turn the power supply on and of
several times to make certain the os- Li's slug slightly until you obtain
cillator starts consistently. If the os- immediate and consistent starting
cillator fails to start every time, adjust each time the power is applied.
PARTS LIST FOR

455 KHZ ALIGNMENT OSC.
C1- 0.05 -uF, 25 -50 VDC capacitor Q1-HEP 641 (Radio Shack
C2 -47 -pF silver mica capacitor 276 -2002)
C3 -15 -pF silver mica capacitor R1- 330,000 -ohm, 1/ -watt resistor
L1- 3.4-5.8 mH RF coil R2- 5000 -ohm pot
(J. W. Miller 21A473RB1) XTL-455 -kHz crystal RI
50 Fancy Flasher Lamp
II
The ballgame is over and your car
is buried in the parking lot along with
two thousand other cars of the same
color. Only yours isn't lost. Sticking
above acres of metal is a little lamp
going blink -blink-blink.
Mount the No. 49 lamp at the top PARTS LIST FOR
of the antenna and run two wires FANCY FLASHER LAMP
down to the control unit inside the (Radio Shack 276 -2002)
car. When switch S1 is turned on the B1 -6 -volt lantern battery Q2 -pnp transistor -HEP -739
multivibrator makes the lamp blink C1 -2 -uF, 25 -VDC electrolytic R1- 470 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
away. Changing the capacitor's value capacitor R2- 1- megohm, 1/2-watt resistor
I1-No. 49 pilot lamp R3- 2700 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
will vary the blink rate.
Q1 -npn transistor, HEP-641 S1 -Spst switch
51 Logic Probe
Most of the digital equipment used
by the hobbyist is easily serviced
with a logic probe, a device that PARTS LIST FOR
LOGIC PROBE
shows when a digital input or output
is at a logic low (0) or 'high (1) . R1- 27,000 -ohms, 1/2- or 1/4-watt,
This probe, using an LED for an in- 10 %, resistor
dicator, is more or less the standard R2- 150-ohms,'- or 1/4-watt, 10 %,
test probe circuit -the type often sold resistor
for $20 or more; yet you can build LED -1 -See text
Q1, Q2 -NPN transistor, 2N2222
it for under $7, with most of the
(Radio Shack 276 -2009 or equiv.)
cost representing the test probe as- Misc. -Alligator clips and test
sembly itself. probe or test probe assembly.
Transistors 01 and 02 can be just
about any NPN silicon of the 2N2222
type. LED -1 should be one of the local radio parts distributors or from to the TTL system's positive supply
"surplus" LEDs rated for 20 to 40 Custom Components, Box 153, voltage. The -5 volt alligator clip
mA, with 20 mA preferred. Malverne, N.Y. 11565, $5 prepaid. connects to the -5 volt terminal or
Resistor R1 should be placed as If you build the entire device in the ground. The test probe connects to
close as possible to the test probe Keystone probe mount all compo- the various inputs and outputs. LED -
tip by wiring. Build it directly into nents should be secured firmly to the 1 will light when the test probe is
the test probe itself, or build the supplied perf -board strip and R1 touched to a logic high (1). It will
whole thing into a Keystone test mounted near the test tip. remain out when the probe is touch-
probe assembly, available from some The +5 volt alligator clip connects ed to a logic low (0) .
52 Audible Logic Probe
One problem when servicing mod- Probe because you can keep both full supply voltage is dropped across
ern IC circuits is that everything is eyes and your full attention on the R2, so the multivibrator and its out-
packed in so tight, and IC terminals tip of the test probe, and a tone input is cut off, indicating a logic high.
are so close together, if your test dicates a logic low. Alligator or crocodile clips are
probe slips a fraction of an inch (or Normally, QI is cut off (no base used to connect to the TTL equip-
centimeter) it's ZAP!, another com-
ponent bites the dust; and trouble is,
input), and there is a small, insig- ment's + and - 5 -volt terminals. Re-
nificant voltage drop across R2 so sistor R1 should be built directly into
solid state breakdowns usually take multivibrator Q2 -Q3 receives oper- the test probe to provide good isola-
out a whole string of components. ating voltage and produces an output tion between the TTL equipment and
Logic probes used to trace digital in the speaker of approximately 700 your test lead circuit. Speaker SPK -1
circuits often lead the list in devices Hz (at low but comfortable volume). should be rated 20 to 120 ohms-the
that ZAP ICs because you've got to When the probe is touched to a logic higher the impedance the greater the
keep one eye on the probe indicator low (0) Q1 is still cut off so sound volume. 20-, 32- or 45-ohm intercom
lamp and the other eye on the tip of output indicates a low. When the speakers available on the surplus
the test probe. But all that's a thing probe is touched to a logic high (1) market are good choices.
of the past with this Audible Logic Q1 is driven to saturation and the
CLIP
PARTS LIST FOR
+5V e? AUDIBLE LOGIC PROBE
Resistors 1/2- or 1 -watt, 10%
R1-27,000-ohms
R2- 1,000 -ohms
R3-10,000-ohms
BUILD INTO R4, R5- 100,000 -ohms
OBE C3 R6- 3,300 -ohms
PROBE RI e w
C
--SPK I
Capacitors rated 10 -VDC or higher
rf( 22-120n Cl, C2- 0.10 -uF ceramic disc
-5VI LIP
C3 -1 to 2.7 -uF
Q1, Q2, Q3 -NPN transistor,
Radio Shack 276 -2009
01 hfe :'50(75-300 SUGGESTED) SPK-1 -See text
Misc. -Clips
53 Sine Wave Squarer

Two reverse -parallel diodes of the distortion of the sine wave input a
germanium type provide an emer- 1000 -ohm resistor should be con- PARTS LIST FOR
nected between the squarer and the SINE WAVE SQUARER
gency square wave generator. Since
generator. D1, D2- Germanium diode, 1N34
a germanium diode has an approxi- or other general purpose type
mate 0.2 V breakover, any sine wave (Radio Shack 276 -1620 or
applied to the diodes will be clipped RI equiv.)
at 0.2 V. It provides a 0.4 peak -to-
peak square wave. It's not perfect
8
since the "rise" of the original sine - SINE -WAVE DI D2 SQUARE WAVE
wave is still present, as shown in the INPUT OUTPUT
waveform. `J I
To prevent loading and possible
54 Active Square Shaper

A quick- and -dirty square wave the maximum output at jack J1 will ohms will be okay for R2 and R3.
generator for audio amplifier tests be a square wave of about 1 volt You can even substitute some surplus
can be fashioned from a standard peak -to -peak. Just about any general PNP transistors such as the 2N404
signal generator and the Square Shap- purpose small -signal transistor can be and 2N109 by simply reversing the
er. Simply drive the Square Shaper used for Q1 and Q2, and any resis- polarity of battery B1.
with about 1 volt from the generator; tance value reasonably close to 470-
PARTS LIST FOR ACTIVE R1- 100,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
SQUARE SHAPER R2, R3- 470 -ohm, -watt resistor
112
B 1 -1.5 -V "C" battery R4- 100,000 -ohm audio taper

Cl, C2 -0.2 or 0.25 -uF,
potentiometer
Mylar capacitor
Sl -Spst switch
R2
C2 B'i
C3- 47 -uF, 3 VDC electrolytic CI
JI
capacitor SINE WAVE 02
SQUARE
WAVE
J1 -Phono jack INPUT 2N3394 OUTPUT
(Radio Shack 276 -2009)
55 Super Sniffer
While a diode and a meter are ment -type telescopic whip as a "radi- from the equipment being tested, in-
often all that's required to build a ation probe" (you don't touch any sert a 10,000 -ohm potentiometer
field strength meter (FSM) for trans- part of the circuit being tested). ( wired as R1) between points A and
mitters running greater than 1 watt The unit can be assembled in any B.
RF output, when it comes to low type of cabinet, though a metal cab- Diode DI should be the lowest
power walkie- talkies and /or low inet is suggested to prevent readings cost germanium type, such as the
power RF amplifiers the ordinary from RF picked up by your body. 1N34 or 1N60. Do not use a silicon
FSM won't even budge off its pin. Meter M1 can be any type rated diode.
But put a high impedance amplifier 0 -1 mA DC. Normally points A and The circuit is a bridge and must
between the antenna and the meter B are connected together. But if you be balanced. After SI is turned on
and anything in the way of RF out- work with RF circuits of such inten- adjust potentiometer R1 for a zero
put will give you a usable meter read- sity that the meter is always pinned meter reading. The meter is then
ing. You can use a small replace- even if you move the antenna away ready for use.
PARTS LIST FOR

THE SUPER SNIFFER
TELESCOPIC WHIP
Resistors 1/2-watt, 10 %, unless
otherwise specified
R1- 50,000 -ohm linear ANT. I
potentiometer
R2- 1- megohm
R3- 10,000-ohms
R4- 1,000 -ohms
C1- 100 -pF ceramic disc capacitor
RFC II
Q1 -FET, Radio Shack 271 -2028
I
RFC1 -1 -mH RF choke

(for 3 to 30 MHz use)
S1- Switch, SPST
B1- Battery, 9 VDC, type 2U6
or equiv.
Ml- Meter, 0-1 -mA DC
. 56 Simple AM Mod. Monitor

PARTS LIST FOR
This simple modulation monitor SIMPLE AM MOD. MONITOR
for AM ham or CB transmitters re-
quires no connection to the transmit- C1- 100-pF disc capacitor
D1 -1N914 diode
ter. Just position the loop near the El- Magnetic headphone, 2000
final tank or antenna matching coil ohms or better
until the signal is heard in the head- L1 -Coil, 3 turns on 11/ -in. dia.
phones. form, use any thin gauge wire
57 MilacJaptor for VTVM
Less than $2 worth of parts is all PARTS LIST FOR

it takes to convert your VTVM into THE MILADAPTOR
a DC millammeter. To use the Mil-
adaptor you simply multiply the P1, P2, P3, P4- Insulated 5 -way
VTVM reading by X10, X100 or binding post
X1000 to obtain the DC current. For R1- 100 -ohm, 1 -watt, 5% resistor
R2 -10 -ohm, 1 -watt, 5% resistor
example, if the VTVM indicates 0.1 R3 -1 -ohm, 1 -watt, 5% resistor
volt and SI is set to X100, the current S1- rotary switch 3PST
is 0.1 X100 or 10 milliamperes. If the
VTVM indicates 0.25 volts and SI is
set to X1000, the current is 0.25 X
1000 or 250 milliamperes.
The circuit under test connects to P4. Switch Si must be the make - position and downrange until the
binding posts P1 and P2; the VTVM before -break type. To avoid damage VTVM indicates a convenient read-
connects to binding posts P3 and always start with SI in the X 1000 ing.
58 Super Sensitive FSM

A kilowatt transmitter may pin
PARTS LIST FOR M1-0-1 mA DC meter
the needle of regular FSMs (field Q1 -npn transistor-RCA SK3020
SUPER SENSITIVE FSM
strength meters), but you need high or Radio Shack 276 -2009
sensitivity to get readings from low - B -1.5 -V AA- battery
1 R1-50,000-ohm potentiometer
power oscillators, flea power trans- C1- 0.001 -uF disc capacitor RFC-2.5 -mH choke -
mitters and CB walkie- talkies. This D1 -1N60 J. W. Miller 6302
simple, amplified FSM has a sensitiv-
ity of 150 to 300 times that of or-
dinary models. It indicates full scale
when other meters can't budge off the
pin.
Dependable frequency range is ap-
proximately 3 to 30 MHz. A metal
enclosure is recommended, with a
stiff wire antenna about 6 in. long.
For compactness, RFC should be a
miniature 2.5 -mH choke. close to the top of the scale, since it adjustments to keep the needle at ap-
To operate the unit, sensitivity can saturate transistor Q 1 , producing proximately half scale. Any high -
control RI is adjusted for 1/3 to 34 - full -scale readings at all times. Back gain npn small -signal transistor can
scale reading. Avoid working too off on 121 as you make transmitter be substituted for Ql.
59 Two-Dollar Signal Source

The average service shop has so output of approximately 700 Hz. work backwards from the speaker the
much sophisticated test equipment Since the output is a square wave- trouble is in the circuit at the point
it's easy to get the impression nothing form, harmonics of the fundamental where you lose the tone.
can be fixed without a bench full of frequency are produced well into the Just about any small -signal NPN
test gear. Yet much sound equip- RF spectrum, actually higher than transistor can be used for Q1 and
ment- amplifiers, radios, receivers - 28 MHz. If you touch the output Q2. The battery can be an AA pen-
can be serviced with a two -dollar lead to a receiver's antenna input, light cell. For maximum convenience
signal injector like this one. Using RF amplifier, IF amplifier or audio the entire project can be assembled
ordinary general purpose transistors amplifier (the ground lead will be in a Keystone probe, or a small plas-
in a multivibrator circuit this signal needed for audio injection) you'll tic pill box.
injector produces a square waveform hear the tone in the speaker. If you Correct troubleshooting procedure
using a signal injector calls for start- the other, non -working end. For ex- no music or talk, you'd inject the sig-
ing at the working end of a set and ample, if a set produces circuit noise nal at the input to the volume control
progressing, stage -by-stage, toward (hum, hiss, etc.) at a low level, but (beginning at the audio stage(s).
PARTS LIST FOR RI

TWO- DOLLAR SIGNAL SOURCE
BI
Resistors 'h- or 1/4-watt, 10% I 5V
R1, R4- 10,000 -ohms
R2, R3- 100;000 -ohms
Cl, C2- 0.01 -uF, 6 -VDC or higher C3
C3- 0.01 -uF, 500 -VDC or higher
(ceramic disc suggested)
o
(Radio Shack 276 -2009 or equiv.)
SI
B1 -1.5 -volt battery
S1- Switch SPST
60 Easy Field Strength Meter

High sensitivity without amplifica-
PARTS LIST FOR
tion is obtained when a field strength EASY FIELD STRENGTH METER
meter (FSM) is tuned to its operat-
ing frequency. With a poly-type min- C1- 365 -pF variable capacitor
iature capacitor for Cl, the FSM can C2- .005 -uF disc capacitor
be built in a pocket -size cabinet. D1 -1N60 diode
11, J2 -Phone tip jack
Tuning range is from 1.5 to 144
Ll -Coil (see text)
MHz, depending on the choice of M1-0-1 mA DC meter
coil L1. The coil can use phone tip
jacks for a plug -in connection for
band changing. Consult any coil ta- wire and frequency. A 50-uA meter, M1, provides maxi-
ble for Ll's winding data since coil Even greater sensitivity is obtain- mum sensitivity combined with rea-
construction depends on the type of ed if a more sensitive meter is used. sonably rugged construction.
61 Budget Scope Calibrator

You can make accurate voltage When the top of zener diode D1 PARTS LIST FOR
measurements with your oscilloscope goes negative it conducts and voltage BUDGET SCOPE CALIBRATOR
if you calibrate the vertical input with across the diode is essentially zero. D1 -10v,0.4 -watt Zener diode-
a Scope Calibrator. When the voltage at the top of the HEP-101
R1-270-ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
RI
T1-117 to 12.6 VAC
filament transformer
+5v Cl, C3- 0.01 -uF, 25-VDC capacitor
TO SCOPE
V INPUT
C2- 0.002 -uF, 25 -VDC capacitor
Q1- HEP -720 npn transistor
ov (Radio Shack 276 -2015)
SCOPE TRACE R1- 100,000 -ohm, -watt resistor
R2- 1000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
Xtal- 100-kHz crystal
zener goes positive, it builds until it nected across the diode and the verti- then provides multiples of the calibra-
reaches 10 V. At that point the diode cal attenuator control is adjusted so tion such as 1 V /div., 10 V /div., etc.
conducts, dropping five volts across the square wave exactly fills one verti- Since calibrator output varies from
Dl. The result is a square wave which cal division. This provides a calibra- zero volts it may be necessary to ad-
varies from zero to 10 V, as shown. tion of 10 V peak -to -peak per divi- just the vertical centering when the
The scope's vertical input is con- sion. The scope's vertical attenuator scope's DC input is used.

62 Time Base Reference
Operating on exactly 100 kHz, the exactly 10 graticule divisions, each microseconds. Now if the scope's time
Scope Calibrator provides a refer- division represents 1 MHz, or 1 base oscillator is sufficiently stable so
ence for calibrating the variable time microsecond. If the scope is adjusted it doesn't drift to far off, you can
base oscillator of general purpose for 10 cycles on 10 graticule divi- make precise measurements of an
scopes. If the scope is set, for ex- sions, or 1 cycle per division, each unknown pulse width, length and fre-
ample, so one cycle of the signal fills division represents 100 kHz or 10 quency.
R2
PARTS LIST FOR
+
9 TO 12
C2
TIME BASE REFERENCE
V DC
o )(TAL( -1 RI Cl, C3- 0.01 -uF, 25 -VDC capacitor
TO SCOPE C2- 0.002 -uF, 25 -VDC capacitor
-C3 b VERTICAL
INPUT
Q1- HEP -720 npn transistor
OI
o R1- 100,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
HEP -720 R2 -1000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
Xtal- 100 -kHz crystal
63 Doorknob Security Alarm

Here's security for the traveler.
Just connect this alarm to the door-
knob of your motel room and a loud
buzzer will sound if anyone touches
Cl
the doorknob. 05uF
PARTS LIST FOR

DOORKNOB SECURITY ALARM
C2
05uF
B1 -6 -volt battery, Burgess Z4
or equiv.
BP1- Binding post
BU1 -6 -volt buzzer
Cl, C2- 0.05 -uF disc capacitor,
25 VDC or better
C3 -47 -pF silver mica capacitor
(Allied Electronics 782 -0860)
L1 -15 -uH adjustable RF coil
C4- 300 -pF trimmer capacitor (Miller 4205, or equiv.) R3,R6- 1000 -ohm, -watt resistor
1/2
C5- 0.05 -uF, 25 VDC capacitor PB1- Pushbutton switch (reset) R4- 560 -ohm, '/2 -watt resistor
C6 -50 -uF electrolytic capacitor, R5- 5600 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
Q1- 2N3394
25 VDC or better
Q2- 2N3391 S1- Switch, spst (on -off)
D1, D2- Diode, 1N60 SCR1- 800- mA,'30 -V silicon
R1- 47,000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
D3- Diode, 1N914 R2- 10,000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor controlled rectifier, HEP R1001
Transistor circuit Q1 is an oscilla- off (holding) bias from the SCR1 alarm to the doorknob -the alarm
tor with a connection through bind- gate; the SCR conducts and sounds actually hangs on the knob. To adjust,
ing post BPI to the doorknob. As alarm buzzer BU1. The alarm can carefully set C4 in small increments
long as Q1 oscillates, its rectified out- only be turned off by opening reset until touching your finger to BP1
put is applied to Q2 which holds the switch PB1. causes the buzzer to sound. If C4 is
SCR 1 gate almost at ground poten- The alarm should be assembled in overadjusted, hand capacitance will
tial. When someone touches the door- a small metal cabinet with insulated not "kill" the oscillator. Best opera-
knob, hand capacitance "kills" the binding post BPI at the top. A small tion is obtained if the door is made of
oscillator, thereby removing that cut- wire loop attached to BPI secures the wood.
64 Foil -A- Burglar Alarm
This professional type burglar of any protective device will trigger sistor RI, open the protective circuit
alarm can be used to protect windows the alarm. Once the alarm is trig- and adjust potentiometer R2 so the
or glass areas by using window foil gered it can be turned off only by meter indicates a voltage rising to-
that "breaks" a circuit as the glass is opening master switch Si. wards 1 volt. The alarm bell should
broken. It's an alarm that is triggered The recommended power supply ring before 1 volt is reached on the
when the protective circuit is opened. is an AC powered 6 VDC source or meter. If it does not, there is a wiring
All protective door and window cir- a lantern battery; standby current is error. Finally, set R2 for the 1 volt
cuits must be normally closed and about 100 uA. To adjust, connect a meter reading, remove the meter and
series connected so that an opening voltmeter (10 VDC range) across re- restore the protective circuit.
PARTS LIST FOR

FOIL -A- BURGLAR ALARM
C1-47 -uF, 12 -VDC electrolytic
capacitor
+ 6V --aSI o
Ql -NPN transistor, HEP 53 -6v -0-3_ R2
(Radio Shack 276 -2009) OI
R1- 1000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor N C DOOR SCR

R2- 500,000 -ohm, pot (Calectro SWITCHES
I
B1-687) o w o Sto 4
S1 -Spst switch TO PROTECTIVE
CIRCUIT
RI
SCR1- Silicon controlled rectifier

rated 12 PIV or higher WINDOW FOIL
HEP R -1101
V1 -6 VDC alarm bell (Audiotex
30 -9100)
65 Open Circuit Burglar Alarm

This simple electronic latch -up
alarm circuit handles normally open PARTS LIST FOR
protective devices such as concealed OPEN CIRCUIT ALARM
floor-mat switches. All protective de- C1- 50-uF, 12 VDC electrolytic
vices are connected in parallel and the capacitor
alarm is tripped as soon as any of the R1- 4700 -ohm,' -watt resistor
devices are closed. There is no stand- TO N 0. S1 -Spst switch
by current and a battery power source PROTECTIVE
SCR1- Silicon controlled rectifier,
CIRCUIT
will last its shelf life. Either a line rated 12 PIV or higher
powered 6VDC supply or a 6V lan- (HEP R -1220 or equiv.)
tern battery is suggested. Once the V1 -6 VDC alarm bell (Audiotex
alarm is tripped it can only be turned 30-9100)
off by opening the master switch SI.
66 Auto Ignition Maze

Install a combination lock on your or S4 is up when the ignition is
car's dashboard and a thief would turned on. A simple wiring change
have a better chance playing Russian lets you set any combination.
roulette. The switches can be "sporty" auto
Switches SI through S5 are spdt accessory switches sold individually
rather than spst only to keep all ex- or in switch banks such as G.C. 35-
ternal switch markings the same. 916. Provide labels such as "Car-
Tracing the circuit will show that buretor Heater," "Window Washer,"
only if switches S2 and S4 are down etc. and no one will know the car is
is the siren disabled. The siren sounds wired for "sound."
if any other switch is down or if S2
45
67 Latching Burglar Alarm
Open a fancy commercial burglar
alarm and all you'll find inside is this
ordinary relay latching circuit.
The input terminals are connected
to parallel -wired normally open
(N.O.) magnetic switches, or wire -
type security switches stretched across
TO
a window that close a bell contact ADDITIONAL SI
circuit when the wire is pushed or
pulled.
When a security switch closes the
series battery circuit, relay K1 pulls
SWITCHES
- BI
6V DC
BELL
in. One set of contacts closes the

PARTS LIST FOR
alarm bell circuit, while the second set
LATCHING BURGLAR ALARM
"latches" the battery circuit. Even if
the security switches are opened, the
alarm remains on. To disable the B1 -6 -V lantern battery K1 -6
-VDC dpst relay
alarm, or for reset, install a con- BELL -6 -VDC alarm bell S1 -Spst n.o. switch
cealed switch in series with one bat-
tery lead.
68 Power Failure Alarm

Never fear again that a power fail- To keep current consumption (and contact springs back, completing the
ure will knock out your electric alarm operating costs) at rock bottom, a battery connection to the buzzer.
clock. The instant the juice fails, the very sensitive relay is used for Kl. K is a "model radio -control" type
1
Power Failure Alarm's raucous buzz As long as AC power is supplied, K1 relay with a pull -in current of approx.
let's you know about it, even in the is activated and the buzzer contacts 1.5 to 3 mA.
wee hours of the morning. are held open. When power fails, K1's
PARTS LIST FOR

POWER FAILURE ALARM
B1-6V dry-cell battery

C1- 20 -uF, 150 -VDC capacitor
(Calectro Al -179)
D1- 1-Aí200-PIV silicon diode,
Motorola 1N4003 or equiv.
K1- 3000 -5000 -ohm sensitive relay See text)
coil (Calectro D1 -963 or equiv. R1- 10,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
1 -6 -VDC commercial home buzzer
69 Easy Auto Theft Alarm

A single fender-mounted key the car's horn. The sudden blast of
switch is all that's needed to turn your the horn is usually enough to frighten TO CAR
BATTERY
DOME LIGHT
car's horn and courtesy lights into a off a potential burglar. If all the car HORN
burglar or theft alarm! Simply install doors are not equipped with switches HORN
RELAY
key switch S1 on the fender, connect you can easily install them; switches DOOR
one terminal to the horn relay and

the other to the courtesy -light door -
are available from local auto supply
SWITCHES
r
i
stores.
I
I
I
ORN
switch wiring, as shown by the dotted
I
I SI I
SWITCH
lines. PARTS LIST FOR KEY SWITCH ADD
When Si is on, anyone entering a EASY AUTO THEFT ALARM MOUNTED ON
FENDER
car door equipped with a courtesy -
light switch will automatically sound S1- Fender -mounted key switch.

70 Better Scope Calibrator
Back-to -back zener diodes provide input, the baseline will not have to be
PARTS LIST FOR
a scope calibrator with a zero refer- readjusted.
BETTER SCOPE CALIBRATOR
ence output. Whether the calibration When the top of D1 goes positive
01, 02 -5 -V, 1/4-watt Zener diode D1 conducts current through to the
voltage is fed to a scope's AC or DC
D2 cathode. The voltage across D2
RI builds until 5 V is reached and the
output waveform is 5 V positive. The
reverse action takes place when the
12.6 TO SCOPE
top of DI goes negative, providing
VAC
INPUT
V INPUT an output waveform of 5 V negative.
0- The total result is a 10 V peak-to-
peak square wave to calibrate the
scope face.
71 Appliance Tester
A simple circuit consisting of a
50 -watt lamp, fuse and power outlet PARTS LIST FOR
is all that's needed to check out ap-
APPLIANCE TESTER
pliances such as toasters and electric
coffee pots. F1 -Fuse to match load
To check for opens, first plug the I1 -50 -watt lamp
PL1 -AC recepticle
tester into a live outlet. Next, connect
the test leads to the appliance's power
cord; if the lamp lights, the circuit is the appliance's motor or heating coil to the frame. If the lamp fails to light
good(not open). Because the appli- to the appliance frame which can at all, the appliance frame is safe.
ance is in series with the lamp, the cause a shock hazard, connect one After the repair is made, try out
lamp may not light to full brilliance. test lead to the appliance frame and the appliance by using the fused
You are only interested in whether connect the other test lead first to one power outlet, PL 1. This way, if the
the lamp lights at all -not the level of prong of the appliance's plug and then appliance is still defective it will blow
brilliance. to the other prong. If the lamp lights fuse F1 rather than a fuse in the
If you suspect there is a short from with either connection there is a short basement.
72 Light Activated Power Control

Heavy direct current or DC power cuit. PARTS LIST FOR
is easily controlled without the use of A suitable LASCR is one from LIGHT POWER CONTROL
massive power switches and wiring by GE's L8B series. Use one with the I1- Flashlight bulb or pilot lamp
using a LASCR (light activated sili- appropriate PIV rating. Inexpensive (see text)
con controlled rectifier) as an inter- LASCRs are occasionally available Q 1- Light- activated -s icon -
il
face between the control and con- from "surplus dealers ", though you controlled rectifier (LASCR)
trolled circuits. The LASCR is similar must make certain the "surplus" unit
to an SCR except that the gate is has the required PIV rating. R1- 47,000-ohm, 1 -watt resistor
tripped by light rather than voltage/
current.
The triplamp can be any ordinary
AC OR D
flashlight bulb powered by two D TO It DC POWER
cells. When the lamp is turned on the POWER
LAMP ONLY
LASCR gate is closed, causing cur- RI
rent to flow through the load and the
LASCR anode (a) cathode (c) cir-

47
73 Speaker-A-Mike Preamp
A speaker can often serve as a box parts and just about any general providing a low impedance input to
microphone in intercoms, "one -way purpose transistor with a beta of 30 match a low impedance speaker of
telephones" or as an emergency mi- to about 150. While a pnp transistor 3.2, 4, 6 -8, or 16 ohms. The collector
crophone. All the speaker needs is is shown, an npn type can be sub- output is medium impedance and the
amplification to raise "voice power" stituted if the battery and C l's polar- .47 -uF capacitor at C2 allows the
output to normal mike level. ity are reversed. No other changes preamp to work into loads of 7000
A small speaker -mike preamp can are needed. ohms or higher.
easily be thrown together with junk Q is a common base amplifier
1
PARTS LIST FOR 01
SPEAKER -A-MIKE PREAMP

B1 -9 -V battery
C1- 4.7 -uF, 25 -VDC electrolytic
capacitor
C2- 0.47 -uF, 10 -VDC capacitor
OUTPUT
41 -RCA SK 3004 (Radio Shack
276 -2005)
Sl-Spst switch
Spkr -Ay PM speaker, 4-10 -ohms
74 Basic Color Organ

PARTS LIST FOR
This simple color organ is certain tentiometer R1 "off" and adjust the BASIC COLOR ORGAN
to keep your party from becoming a amplifier volume control for a normal I1 -117V lamp, not to exceed 40
drag. Connected to your hi -fi ampli- listening level. Then adjust R1 until watts.
fier's speaker output (across the lamp I1 starts to throb in step with R1- Potentiometer, 500 to 5000
speaker terminals) it will throb in the beat. ohms
time to the music. Paint the bulb red SCR1- Silicon Controlled
Rectifier, HEP R1218
or deep blue and your party room
will take on the atmosphere of a rock T1- Transistor output transformer,
see text
club. LAMP
Transformer T1 can be any match-
ing transistor type in the range of SCR
500 /500 to 2500/2500 ohms. Note

that none of the connections from
SCR1 or its components are connect-
ed to ground. For safety's sake, you ii
117 VAC
must keep the 117 -volt line voltage

from the amplifier connections- that's
the reason for Ti. To adjust, set po-
75 to -Parts Treasure Locator

You won't find Long John Silver's This treasure locator keeps costs to a broom handle' close to the bot-
buried treasure but you will have lots down by using a transistor radio as tom where the search head is mount-
of fun finding bottle caps and uneaten the detector. The unit is assembled ed. A transistor radio is mounted
sandwiches at the beach; maybe even on a perfboard, with rigid compo- near the top of the handle.
some quarters and dimes. nent mounting a must. It is strapped With the radio tuned to a "weak
station," Capacitor Cl is adjusted so
the locator oscillator "beats" against LI C2- 100 -pF, 100-V silver mica
the received signal, producing a whis- SEARCH
COIL
capacitor (Allied Electronics
01 782R0818)
tle in the receiver. When the search
head passes over buried metal, the
metal changes the inductance of L1,
C2 I 0E-5
C4- ± BI
C3- 0.05 -uF, disc capacitor
C4 -4.7- or 5 -uF, 12 -V electrolytic
capacitor
thereby changing the locator oscilla- R2
L1- Search coil consisting of 18
tor's frequency and changing the RI
turns of #22 enamel wire
"beat tone" in the radio. scramble wound on 4 -in.
The search coil consists of 18 turns PARTS LIST FOR diameter form
of #22 enameled wire scramble LO -PARTS TREASURE LOCATOR Q1 -RCA SK3011 npn transistor or
wound (which means don't be neat) equiv.
on a 4 -in. diameter form, which can B1-9 -VDC transistor battery R1- 680 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
be a cardboard tube or a wood puck C1- 365 -pF trimmer or variable R2- 10,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
or even plastic-anything but metal. capacitor R3- 47,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
After the coil is wound and checked
for proper operation, saturate the adhesive. If a single loop of the coil be unstable.
coil with coil dope or G.E.'s RTV is not firmly cemented the unit will
76 Photo Print Meter

Every print a good print! That's tive. Then, do not disturb the en-
what you get with the photo print larger setting, but integrate the light
meter. by placing a diffusing disc or opal
Meter MI can be just about any- glass under the lens. Place the solar
MI
thing up to 0-1 DC mA. But if you cell on the easel and adjust R1 for a
prefer low light levels and long ex- convenient meter reading, say, full
posures, install a sensitive meter of scale. The meter is now calibrated.
500 uA or less. When using it, focus the enlarger,
When light from the enlarger falls use the diffuser, and adjust the lens RI
on the solar cell (PC1), a voltage is diaphragm until you get the reference
generated that is in proportion to the meter reading. Then use the exposure PARTS LIST FOR
amount of light. Sensitivity control time previously found for the calibra- PHOTO PRINT METER
RI allows the user to set the meter tion print. Suggested reading: Ilford M1 -100, 250, or 500 -uA DC meter
indication to a convenient value. Manual of Photography, obtainable PC1 -Solar cell (Calectro J4 -801)
To use the meter, first make a from any photo store. Also, check R1- 5000-ohm potentiometer linear
good normal print in your normal Kodak publications available at the taper
manner from a No. 2 or No. 3 nega- same place.
77 Action Freeze Photo Trip

You, top, can take strobe -flash need a mini-amp -one of those tran- tions to the strobe flash sync termi-
pictures the instant a pin pricks a sistor amplifier modules of 1 -watt nals are correctly polarized.
balloon, a hammer breaks a lamp rating or less. It must have an output Darken the room lights, open the
bulb or a bullet leaves a gun. You'll transformer. Don't use an "OTL" (no camera shutter and break a lamp
transformer) amplifier. The amplifier bulb with a hammer. The sound of
is terminated with a resistor on its the hammer striking the lamp will
highest output impedance, preferably trigger the flash, and the picture will
PARTS LIST FOR 16 ohms. Make certain the connec- have been taken at that instant.
ACTION FREEZE PHOTO TRIP
Dl- HEP -154 silicon rectifier

R1- 5000 -ohm potentiometer SCRI TO STROBE
r
MIC R2
R2- 2700 -ohm,' -watt resistor LIGHT
MINI -AMP SYNC JACK
SCR1-Calectro K4 -584 silicon - MODULE
controlled rectifier
MIC.- Ceramic microphone ONO
(Continued on page 54)

-----r r:;
W PRO DUCTS
101 Electronic Projects looks at some of the newest transceivers,
V antennas and accessories for you to use in CB contacts this year!
CB /RF Generator 500 is designed for easy removability to prevent radio. Additional features include bonded vinyl
A new RFGenerator, the Model 256 by Hickok, theft. The special coaxial cable "quick discon- covering and rounded corners. CB Saver, only 8
has features important to CB service technicians. nect" connector prevents RF loss and the by 3 by 12 -in. in size, accepts 98 percent of CB
One of the 256's five bands covers CB channels unique spring loaded power contacts eliminate radios on the market, including the new 40-
1 through 40 on an expanded tuning range for power loss under rough road conditions. In ad- channel models, and is also adaptable to marine
easy, precise channel selection. Frequencies of dition, the contacts and quick disconnect RF radios and auto stereo tape decks. Suggested
100 kHz through 16 MHz are covered on the plug are silver plated for long operating life retail price of the CB Saver is $49.95. Mounting
other four bands to satisfy all IF requirements and low losses. The usual messy long wires are hardware and instructions for easy installation
including 455 kHz and 10.7 MHz. A calibrated/ eliminated by using printed circuit techniques are included. Get all the facts by writing to CB
attenuated output control provides RF signal and connecting fuse on contact assembly. Unlike Saver, 800 South Claremont Street, San Mateo,
output of 100,000 uV down to less than 1 uV for a large number of unsightly and unnecessary con- CA 94402.
receiver sensitivity checks. The attenuated out- nections on other mounts, the LM -500 has only
put is variable in 20 -dB steps and by a the two required connections for CB operation - Takes Two to CB
continuously -variable 20 -dB control calibrated in the antenna cable and power line. Get all the Designed especially for trucks, motor homes
facts by writing to Sparkomatic Corporation, and other recreational vehicles, and to work on
Milford, PA 18337. all 40 channels, Avanti's AV -529 CB antenna
system increases performance approximately 25
CB Maximum Security percent over a single roof-mounted antenna,
A locked, 18 -gauge sheet steel box that com- and minimizes the problem of a skewed or
pletely encloses and conceals CB radios, yet shifted radiation pattern. The system consists of
allows easy access for normal operation, is now two 4 -ft. fiberglass Avanti Racer antennas in co-
available from CB Saver. The device bolts per-
manently to the vehicle's chassis, dash or floor
with a special bracket -and mounting hardware
is inaccessible after installation. The radio is
held inside by heat -treated springs, with entry
points provided for power, microphone and an-
tenna leads. A double -locking docr closes over
microvolts. Internal modulation at a frequency

of 1 kHz is variable from 0 to 100 percent, cali-
brated at 30 percent. Provision is also made for
use of external modulation. When the audio
output function is selected, a 1 kHz audio signal
is available at these same front -panel out /in
jacks. The Hickok Model 256 CB /RF Generator
is available through Hickok distributors. Sug-
gested retail price is $199.00. For further infor-
mation on the Hickok Model 256 CB /RF Genera-
tor or other Hickok CommLine equipment, write
to Hickok Electrical Instrument Company, 10514
Dupont Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44108.
CB Slide Mount
new Sparkomatic Citizens Band Slide Mount
A CIRCLE 64 ON READER SERVICE COUPON
developed exclusively for use with CB trans-
ceivers sells for approximately $14.95. The LM- phased arrangement, and mounted to outside
rear view mirrors. The mounting assembly fits
most mirror bracket arrangements including
west coast types. The co- phasing harness, com-
pletely factory tested to assure maximum per-
formance, connects quickly and easily to the
mirror mounts. Priced at $53.95. Get the info
direct from Avanti Research W Development, Inc.,
340 Stewart Avenue, Addison, IL 60101.
"Under Cover" CB Antennas

Channel Master's 40- channel coil -loaded whip
antennas can be conveniently flipped down and
hidden in the automobile trunk when not in use.
CIRCLE 48 ON READER SERVICE COUPON By not signalling the presence of CB equipment,
the new Under Cover antennas sharply reduce
the face of the box, fully concealing the radio the danger of theft, without sacrificing perform-
when not in use. Unlocked, the door swings ance. Base -loaded and center -loaded models are
CIRCLE 63 ON READER SERVICE COUPON down on a heavy piano hinge, exposing the available, mounted on a specially designed,

circuit protected automatically by a unique
current fold back circuit and internal circuit
c nE PROD CTS breaker. Model PS-4 is a 4 -amp Deluxe Filtered

Power Supply, having automatic overload and
short circuit protection. Designed to power 8-
track tape decks, stereos, CB radios and similar
Walkie- Talkie With Remote Mike equipment. All Staco Heavy Duty Power Supplies
Radio Shack introduces a new Citizens Band come complete with an input power cord,
walkie- talkie with a jack for use with push-to- switch, pilot light and operating instructions.
talk microphone. The Realistic TRC -200 includes Output connections are made at the terminal
a built-in speaker and separate electret mike for board located on the rear panel. For more in-
conventional hand -held operation. The remote mike formation, write to STACO, Inc., 2240 East Third
feature makes it possible to set the unit down or Street, Dayton, Ohio 45403.
fasten it to a vehicle, backpack, or elsewhere, out
of the way, and still operate without having to New Fiberglass Antenna Line
reach the unit itself or use the built-in transmit Turner announces the new "Yellow Jackets" -
button on the walkie- talkie case. A Hi /Lo power the fiberglass antennas with the micro tunable
switch selects the full five -watt input power or stingers. Turner's new top loaded antennas allow
precise tuning by simply loosening a nut at the
top of the whip, adjusting the tip for minimum
VSWR and then retightening the nut. Sixteen
heavy Under Cover bracket that is fastened to
the lip of the trunk. The two -way bracket enables new models, made of the highest quality com-
the CBer to mount the antenna in a perfectly position fiberglass, are offered. All have a high
vertical position, regardless of the slope of the
' car's rear deck, and also allows the antenna to
be folded down into the trunk, completely out
of sight. No tell -tale sign is visible, not even
a trace of hardware. Within the trunk, the
bracket keeps the antenna suspended horizon-
tally, so that it does nct interfere with the
storage of luggage or baggage. The chrome -
plated bracket serves as a self -grounding base.
It fits most domestic and foreign cars, and may
be purchased separately, for use with the CBer's
existing antenna. The models in the line include
single and dual base- and center -load antennas,
as well as the bracket only. For more informa- CIRCLE 54 ON READER SERVICE COUPON
tion and prices, contact Channel Master Div. of
Avnet, Inc., Ellenville, NY 12428. three watts for shorter range communications and CIRCLE 56 ON READER SERVICE COUPON
longer battery life. Features include top- mounted
Base Station Antenna volume, squelch and channel selector controls, power rating of over 100 watts. Antennas are
Mounting Kit battery /RF power meter, center -loaded telescop- equipped with standard 3/8 -24 threads. Turner's
Antenna Specialists announces their new M- ing antenna and jacks for an external speaker, 12 economically- priced "Yellow Jackets" are de-
481 base station antenna mounting kit. Each kit VDC power source, antenna and battery charger. signed for use with the new 40- channel CB
contains everything needed to side mount an The TRC -200 is supplied with channel 14 crys- transceivers. Priced to sell from $17.50 to
A/S antenna on a house. Included are: a 10 ft. tals and has provisions for five more channels. $45.00. For complete information, write to Tur-
galvanized steel mast (two pieces), 50 ft., of Priced at $99.95, complete with carry case and ner Division, Conrac Corporation, 716 Oakland
RG 8/U coaxial cable, two PL -259 connectors eight "AA" cells. Optional push -to-talk mike, Road N.E., Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52402.
$11.95. Available from Radio Shack stores and
dealers, nationwide. Twin -Scale Meter
Mura's Model CBM -30 CB meter is a twin -
CB Power Supplies meter unit. There are separate power and SWR
Designed to operate CB radios, stereos, tape scales permitting the CBer to simultaneously
decks and other auto accessories, the Staco CB monitor RF output power and VSWR. The meters
power supplies feature solid state reliability, are sensitive d'Arsonval types with an SWR
integrated circuit regulation control, full 13.8 scale that has a range extending from 1:1 to
VDC output, automatic dual overload and short 10:1 and can measure up to 100 watts.
circuit protection, no background hum and 90
day factory warranty. Staco's 4 -amp Model RPS-
4 ($42.95) and 6 -amp Model RRS -6 ($49.95)
Regulated Power Supplies give maximum per -
formance from mobile CB radios and will trickle

No switching is required and both meter
pointers are controlled by a continuously vari-
(one attached each end of the cable), two house
able knob on the front panel. Calibration marks
side mounts and three cable standoffs. And all
permit the user to return to any previously
this at the price of $39.95 For more information CIRCLE 65 ON READER SERVICE COUPON
determined setting. Priced at $46.50. For further
on this mounting kit and A/S base station an-
tennas, write to The Antenna Specialtists Co., charge 12 -volt car batteries. These heavy duty information, write to Mura Corporation, West-
12435 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106. power supplies are dual overload and short bury, NY 11590.
ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977 53

101
78 Remote Flash Trigger
Even if you spend $18 or $20 for es the sync terminals on your elec- PARTS LIST FOR
a super -duper professional remote tronic flashgun (strobelight). Make REMOTE FLASH TRIGGER
flash tripper, you'll get little more certain the anode lead connects to Q1 -200-V light- activated silicon -
than this two-component circuit. Price the positive sync terminal. controlled rectifier (LASCR)
is important if the results are equal. When using the device, bend the
Transistor Q1 is a light-activated connecting wires so the LASCR lens
silicon -controlled rectifier (LASCR) . faces the main flash. This will fire the
The gate is tripped by light entering a remote unit.
small lens built into the top cap. No reset switch is needed. Voltage 01
To operate, provide a 6-in. length at the flash's sync terminals falls be- LASCR TO SYNC
TERMINALS
RI
of stiff wire for the anode and cathode low the LASCR's holding voltage
connections and terminate the wires when the flash is fired, thereby turning
in a polarized power plug that match- off the LASCR.
79 Flash Tester
The way film and flashbulb prices isn't leaking acid will check okay battery is okay (T1 requires a high
are going these days, if your flash when tested without load. inrush current, as does the flashbulb).
fails to fire you're stuck with almost This little flash tester you can
half a buck in wasted polaroid film, probably build from junk -box parts
and if you fire a flash to check the TI
will give you a quick load -check on
flashgun battery you've just burned
up at least 25 -cents worth of flash.
flashgun batteries. Ti can be any
6.3 -volt , filament transformer rated
TO FLASH
TERMINALS
J 6.3V
300 NL-I
THROUGH
But worse, if the flash fails to fire you from 300 -mA up. NL -1 is just about FLASHBULB
ma.
might have missed the picture of a any neon lamp of the NE-2 or NE- BASE (SEE
lifetime. 86 variety. Solder Ti's terminals to TEXT)
You can't check a flash battery those of a used flashbulb or flashcube.
with a voltmeter because the meter To check the battery, just plug in PARTS LIST FOR FLASH TESTER
doesn't apply the heavy surge cur- the flash tester and trip the camera T1-6.3 -volt filament transformer
rent needed by the flashbulb, and just shutter (cover the lens if the camera NI-1-Neon lamp, see text
about any fully dead battery that Misc. -Used flashbulb base.
has film). Lamp NL -1 will flash if the
80 Variable Flood lighting

All the flexibility of a professional epoxy-cemented to the cabinet for the lamp or any other fuse of equal
photo studio's variable lighting can be heat dissipation. action, or faster. In this circuit 3AG
yours with this 500 -watt lamp dim- Fusing must be employed. Other- fuses cannot be used. Potentiometer
mer. wise, the surge current when 500 -watt R2 will adjust the lamp's intensity
Triac Q1 must be connected to a photo lamps burn out will instantly from full off to essentially 100% full
large heat sink. The entire unit is as- destroy Q I Connect an 8AG (fast -
. on.
sembled in a metal cabinet with Q1 action) 5- ampere fuse in series with
PARTS LIST FOR

VARIABLE FLOOD LIGHTING
FI
Dl- HEP-311 diode
Fl -Fuse, type 8AG, 5A
Q1- Triac, HEP R1723, 8A /200V II7V AC
R1- 1000 -ohm, 1 -watt resistor

R2- 100,000 -ohm linear taper
potentiometer

81 Angler's Bite Booster
PARTS LIST FOR
ANGLER'S BITE BOOSTER
B 1, B2 -1.5 -V AAA battery
.
ON-OFF
Click -click might not sound like SI BI D2 C2
Cl, C2- 50 -uF, 12 -VDC electrolytic
much to you but to a fish it's the capacitor
dinner bell. That's the lure of this I'c TI El-Crystal earphone
electronic circuit. Shove the whole
works in a watertight container, low- e NOT EI Q1- Motorola HEP -230 pnp
transistor
30I b USED
er it over the side, and wait for the HEP-230 R1- 5000 -ohm pot
fish to hit the hooks. R2- 27,000 -ohm, 1 -watt resistor
For proper operation T1 must be Sl -Spst switch, part of R1
subminiature type about half as large T1- Subminiature transistor output
CI
as your thumb. El must be a crystal transformer; 500 -ohm center
tapped primary to 8 -ohm
headphone.
secondary
82 Commercial Killer
A flashlight beam stabs out -the isthe light-controlled switch. position even after coil current is re-
irritating TV commercial for under- When a beam of light strikes the moved. So the first impulse opens
arm deodorant vanishes. Moments photocell, the voltage across neon K l's contacts, the second impulse
later, when the program returns, the lamp NE -1 rises sharply. When con- closes them, etc. To prevent ambient
flashlight beam stabs out again. The duction voltage is reached NE -1 turns light from tripping the photocell, it
sound snaps back on. Between an and fires the SCR. K1 is an im- should be recessed at least an inch
the flashlight and TV speaker circuit pulse relay whose contacts stay in inside a metal or cardboard tube.
-O--111.
4 p . TO
CONTROLLED
CIRCUIT
PARTS LIST FOR
COMMERCIAL KILLER
D1- 400 -PIV silicon rectifier
KI K1 -117 VAC latching relay
(Guardian IR- 610L -A115 or
equiv.)
NE -NE -83 neon lamp
PC1- Clairex photo cell CL505 for
high light level; CL704 or
CL705 photocell for low light
level
R2- 1- megohm potentiometer
R3 -100 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
SCR1 -HEP R1218, 200V, 4A,
silicon -controlled rectifier
83 Make A Voltage Doubler

DI
PARTS LIST FOR
A VOLTAGE DOUBLER
Found in many CB transceivers,
the full -wave voltage doubler provides AC INPUT Cl, C2- 100 -uF electrolytic
reasonably good regulation with DC
VOLTAGE capacitor or larger, WVDC
DC OUTPUT should be twice DC output
output voltage twice the AC input. VOLTAGE voltage
Capacitors C and C2 should be a
1
D1, D2- 500 -milliampere (or larger)
minimum of 100-uF and rated at rectifying diode rated PIV at
twice the DC output voltage. The least twice DC output voltage
larger the capacity, the greater will be
the filtering.
On the positive half- cycle, Cl is charged
the negative half -cycle, C2 is is thesum of the charge across Cl
charged through silicon diode Dl. On through D2. The DC output voltage and C2.
55
84 12 to 9 for Transistors
When your auto radio poops out, auto battery through a cigar lighter end marked with a band is the
this regulated voltage adapter keeps plug. The zener diode can be anything cathode.
you in music from a transistor por- with an approximate rating of 9 volts. The adapter is rated for a current
table until you're ready to climb under For example, you can use a 9.1 -volt of 12 mA maximum. A good rule of
the dash to get at the trouble and fix unit (common in Zener kits), or even thumb is that a radio powered by a
it. one rated at 8.6 volts. Make certain Burgess type 2U6 battery can safely
Power is taken from the 12-volt the Zener is correctly installed; the operate on the adapter.
PARTS LIST FOR

PLI 12 TO 9 FOR TRANSISTORS
RI
12v Dc + + C1- 0.05 -uF, 400 -VDC capacitor
-
'cl ,
"DI 9V,I2 mA
D1 -1 -watt,
9.1 -V Zener diode
HEP -104 (Radio Shack 276 -562)
PL1- Cigarette lighter plug
T 1- (Calectro N4 -029)
85 A Regulated Nine .
Providing 9 volts at approximately peak at less than 500 mA output. filament transformer. Filtering is very
250 mA, this lab -type power supply Change the Zener diode to 12 or 6 good since the electrical filter capaci-
will handle many experimenter proj- volts (and possibly the value of R1) tor equals the value of C2 times the
ects. Actually, T1 can be a 6.3 -V and you get a regulated 12- or 6 -volt gain of Q l . It can add up to thou-
imported filament transformer since supply. sands of uF.
they usually give approximately 12 V For 12 volts you must use a 12 -V
PARTS LIST FOR

A REGULATED NINE
GRN
C1-470 -uF, 25-VDC electrolytic
capacitor
capacitor
I17VAC D1- Motorola HEP-175 50 -Ply
diode bridge rectifier
D2- Motorola HEP-104, 9.1 -V Zener
diode
Q1- Motorola HEP -240, 10 -watt
npn transistor
T1 -12 -V filament transformer (see
text)
86 Dry-Cell Charger
This circuit in a fancy commercial
package will cost you about $5. Build PARTS LIST FOR
a lamp bulb charger yourself and 500 DRY -CELL BATTERY CHARGER
117 . -
may just about do it. VAC
_ _UP TO I1 -No. S -6, 6 -watt candelabra lamp
The lamp maintains constant charg- _i+ FOUR 1.5V SR1- 400 -PIV, lA silicon rectifier
ing of approximately 20 mA through __BATTERIES
T (Lafayette Radio Electronics
one to four 1.5 -volt batteries. But you -_J 32R08824 or equiv.)
can go as high as 22.5 volts for either
batteries in series or a single battery. 10 hours charge, the C and D cells NICads stamped with a charge rate
Give small penlight batteries about about 20 hours. Yes, you can recharge of approximately 20 to 25 mA.
87 lo-Hum Power Supply
Just a handful of components are
needed for a line-powered low-voltage
low-current supply for powering audio
preamplifiers.
The values for different voltage
and current outputs are given in the I17 VAC
Parts List. Pick the set you need and
wire up. D1 and D2 are silicon rec-
tifiers rated at a minimum of 200 PIV
at any current.
PARTS LIST FOR
LO HUM POWER SUPPLY
Out-
put
V I max* R1 C1 R2
12 1 mA 43,000-ohm, 1/2-watt 250 -uF, 15 -VDC 180,000-ohm, 1/2-watt

12 2 mA 22,000-ohm, Vz-watt 250 -uF, 15 -VDC 100,000-ohm, 1/2-watt
25 2 mA 18,000-ohm, Vs-watt 250 -uF, 30 -VDC 180,000-ohm, 1/2-watt
* For lower current, decrease value of R2
88 Zener Regulator
When the output from an AC should be twice the calculated power .
power supply is too high for a solid - The power rating for the zener
state project, chop it down to size diode is determined by the voltage
with a zener diode voltage regulator across the diode squared, divided by
and keep it on the button. diode's nominal internal resistance.
To calculate R, first add the load You can calculate the internal resis-
current and 1/20 of the load current tance by working backwards from the
for the zener's idling current. Then zener's power rating. As an example:
use Ohm's Law (R = E /I) to calcu- a 9 -volt, -watt zener would have a
1 E2/W, 81/1, or 81 ohms. It's not
late R. The resistor's power rating nominal internal resistance of R = precisely accurate, but close enough.
89 AC Adapter
It seems that just about everything an adaptor with an AC output (the
these days is battery powered, and rectifier and filter are in the calcu- PARTS LIST FOR AC ADAPTOR
when something goes bad and you're lator) and this fact isn't indicated T1-Adaptor transformer, Calectro
ready to check it out more than like- anywhere in the instruction manual or D1-743
ly the size batteries needed are not in on the calculator. Connect an adaptor D1 -D4 -Any silicon rectifier rated
your stock, and it's two hours past with a DC output to a calculator re- at least 25 PIV at 0.5 A.
store -closing time. But with this uni- quiring an AC input and you prob- C1- 2000 -uF, 15 VDC capacitor
versal AC adaptor you can handle ably will be buying a new calculator. S1 -Any switch that can provide
So don't claim later you weren't 4PST.
just about any battery powered repair
job that gets on your test bench. Pro- warned.
viding up to 300 mA, you can ar- TI
range the output leads of the adaptor 1
to deliver the required polarity con- SI
nections. 117 VAC

4,5,6,7 OR 9 VOC
Keep in mind, however, that this 1
a 300 MA
AC adaptor is for radios, cassette re-
corders, and the like. It is not for
calculators. Some calculators require
57
90 AC Line Regulator
Shrinking TV pictures, color shifts,
hi -fi amplifiers that don't put out any-
where near their rated power, photo-
graphic enlargers requiring extra -long PLI PARTS LIST FOR
exposures. These are just a few of the AC LINE REGULATOR
symptoms associated with low line
M1
M1 -0 -150 VAC meter (Lafayette
voltage. Maybe it's the local electric 0 -150 Radio Electronics 99R51054
company "browning" you out because or equiv.)
they can't meet the electric surge to PL1 -AC plug
power summer cooling (or winter T1 -AC power line variable
- autotransformer (Ohmite type
heating), or perhaps your electric
or equivalent, see text)
wiring capacity is just too low for all
the appliances on your line. Whatever,
that expensive modern equipment
pooping out from low line voltage 30 volts. When the power line dips, Autotransformers come in many
can be brought back to life with an simply crank up the autotransformer wattage ratings; make certain the one
AC variable transformer, often called until the meter indicates between 115 you get can handle the load. As a
a variable autotransformer. and 120 VAC. The device works the safety feature, have at least 25 percent
The autotransformer normally has same way if your line voltage runs too reserve capacity. If the load is 150
an operating output of from 0 to 150 high; simply crank the transformer watts, use an autotransformer rated
VAC, so that's a reserve of at least down to the desired voltage. at least 200 watts.
91 Basic Power Supply

Though the transformer isn't cen- The output voltage is equal to the must have a PIV rating equal to at
ter- tapped in this circuit, the bridge secondary voltage multiplied by 1.4. least the DC output voltage. Their
rectifier provides full -wave rectifica- Or, working backwards, the second- current rating must at least equal the
tion with an easy -to -filter DC output. ary voltage must be 0.707 times the current requirements of the project
It forms a handy supply for solid -state desired output voltage. being powered by the supply.
projects. Silicon rectifiers D1 through D4
PARTS LIST FOR

BASIC POWER SUPPLY
C1- 2500 -uF electrolytic capacitor,
voltage rating at least 1.5 times
higher than output voltage
D1 D2, D3, D4 -1A, 400 -Ply silicon
,
rectifier
T1- Transformer; 117 -VAC primary,
secondary voltage equal to
desired output voltage x 0.707
92 Tone Controlled Relay

1
This tone controlled relay circuit phone which can be connected to the the formula F = 2rRC. Use 4,700 -
is a lot more complex and more ex- input. In typical use potentiometer ohm resistors for R 10 and R 11 even
pensive than the usual tone control R1 is adjusted for the minimum input if it limits the range of frequencies
circuit but it's suggested for use when signal that provides reliable tripping you can use.
you need super- sensitivity and/or of the relay. Virtually any general purpose PNP
super-Q -(the ability to respond only The values shown provide an oper- transistors of the type indicated in the
to the control frequency) Capacitor
. ating frequency of approximately parts list can be used. Diodes D1 and
C8 provides a small delay of about 1500 Hz. The frequency is deter- D2 should be the germanium 1N34/
0.5 second so the unit can distinguish mined by R9, R10, R11, C4, C5 and 1N60 type. Be very careful about all
between the control input tone and C6. The relationship between these power supply and capacitor polari-
random frequencies from sounds components is shown in the sche- ties.
picked up by, say, a dynamic micro- matic. Frequency is calculated with
PARTS LIST FOR
TONE CONTROLLED RELAY R6- 2,200 -ohms
Resistors 1/2 watt, 10 %, unless R2, R10,R11-4,700-ohms R7- 1,200 -ohms
otherwise specified R3-100,000-ohms R8- 3,300 -ohms
R1- 25,000- to 50,000 -ohm linear R4-10,000-ohms R9- 2,400 -ohms
potentiometer R5-5,600-ohms R12- 47,000 -ohms
-9v, 30 -SOMA R1 3-22-ohms
R6 Capacitors rated 10 -VDC or higher
Cl, C2, C4- 0.047 -uF
C3 C3 -2 -uF
R3
02 D3
C5, C6- 0.022 -uF
INPUT
C7 -15 -uF
CI
R2 RI
irs C7
D2
03
I
C8 -50 -uF
R4 04
PBB RS5D Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4- 2SB22,
C2
R7 RB
DI
CB R12 (Radio Shack 276 -2003
or equiv.)
D1, D2- Germanium diode type
4 Tone f -
R13
1N60 or equiv.
6.28 RC=
1
D3- Silicon rectifier type 1N4001
RIO RII Formulas or equiv.
R= R10 =R11 C =C5 =C6 RY1- Relay, 200- to 400 -ohm coil,
i---
C6
R9 = R10 C4 = 2(C5) 6 -VDC, P &B RS5D -6 or equiv.
2
93 Power Tool Torque Control

As the speed of an electric drill is
SCR -1 decreased by loading, its torque also
drops. A compensating speed control
like this one puts the oomph back in-
to the motor.
When the drill slows down, a back
voltage developed across the motor -
in series with the SCR cathode and
gate- decreases. The SCR gate volt-
age therefore increases relatively as
the back voltage is reduced. The "ex-
tra" gate voltage causes the SCR to
conduct over a larger angle and more
PARTS LIST FOR current is driven into the drill, even as
POWER TOOL TORQUE CONTROL speed falls under load.
The only construction precaution is
D1, D2 -1A, 400 PIV silicon R2- 250 -ohm, 4 -watt potentiometer
an extra -heavy heat sink for the SCR.
rectifier (Calectro K4 -557 or
equiv.)
The SCR should be mounted in a
SCR1 -8 -A, 400 -PIV silicon '/a -in. thick block of aluminum or
Fl -3-A "Slo -blo" fuse
R1- 2500 -ohm, 5 -watt resistor controlled rectifier (HEP R1222) copper at least -in. square; 2 -in. if
1
you drill for extended periods.
94 Vori -Rev Motor Control

Old universal appliance motors The motor used for the load must (or 740 watts) Triac Q must be
. 1
and shaded -pole induction motors be limited to 6 amperes maximum provided with a heat sink, which can
salvaged from inexpensive turntables
can be easily converted to slow -speed
hobby drills, chemical stirrers, vari- PARTS LIST FOR
VARI -REV MOTOR CONTROL
speed turntables, movable display
drives, etc. It's done with a full -wave Cl, C2- 0.1 -uF, 200 -VDC capacitor
Triac speed controller. Q1 -RCA 40431 Triac -Diac
Unlike other speed controllers, R1- 100,000 -ohm linear taper
which require an external trigger de- potentiometer
vice, Q1 combines both the Triac and R2- 10,000 -ohm, 1 -watt resistor
Diac trigger diodes in the same case.
59
be the metal cabinet. Build up a Triac's heat is dissipated to the cab- With the component values shown
marblesize mound of epoxy on the inet. Make certain Q l's case is not on the parts list, the Triac controls
cabinet and insert Q1's case into the shorted to the cabinet and is insulated motor speed from full off to full on.
epoxy. When the epoxy hardens the by the epoxy.
95 Fancy Guitar Fuzzbox

Add that way -out fuzz sound to completely eliminated by R3, fuzz - small minibox or, if there is space
any electric guitar by connecting the free sound requires a bypass switch. in your amplifier and you don't mind
Fuzz Box between your guitar and The switch, which should completely cutting there small holes to bring out
amplifier. Potentiometer R3 sets the disconnect the Fuzz Box output, can the potentiometer shafts and to mount
degree of fuzz, R8 the output level. be any available SPST such as a the bypass switch, it can go inside
Pots R3 and R8 may be any taper toggle or pushbutton type; the input your amplifier.
you find in your junkbox or that you can remain in parallel with the bypass
can pick up at "surplus" prices. switch.
Since the fuzz effect cannot be The Fuzz Box can be mounted in a PARTS LIST FOR
FANCY GUITAR FUZZBOX
B1 -1.5 -V AA battery
C2- 4.7 -uF, 10 -VDC electrolytic
capacitor
al, Q2 -pnp transistor -HEP -632
R1, R6- 22,000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt
resistor
R3- 1- megohm pot
R5, R7- 10,000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt
resistor
R8- 50,000 -ohm pot
Sl -Spst switch
96 Wide Range Funk Box

Fuzz, echo, reverb, big bass, they're frequency interference). By keeping If you put the Funk Box into a
all out! The new guitar sound is all leads as short as possible, en- metal box, use a push switch for
funky, and you'll get it with the wide - closing the circuitry in a metal box S1 and you'll be able to key the
range Funk Box. Just crank potenti- and using standard pre -packaged effect in and out with your foot.
ometer R7 and you'll get an extra phone cables (they're shielded), you Adjustment is easy, simply vary po-
twang from way down low to way up can cut down on the possibility of tentiometer R4 until you hear a
high. having "Rubber Duck" or "Jaybird" whistle (oscillation); then back off
While, with a bit of care, just about breaking through your amplifier and R4 until the oscillation just ceases.
any type of construction can be used, giving out with "10 -4 and good num- Connect your guitar to jack J and 1
it's a good idea to button things up bers ole buddy" just when you're twang away. The effect can be varied
pretty tight to avoid RFI (radio cutting loose with your big number. from bass to treble by adjusting R7.
PARTS LIST FOR

WIDE RANGE FUNK BOX
OUTPUT TO
AMPLIFIER
B1 -9V -type 2U6 battery
Cl, C2 -.1 -uF Mylar capacitor
C3- .47 -uF Mylar capacitor
GUITAR
C4- .02 -uF Mylar capacitor INPUT
C5, C6- .O1 -uF Mylar capacitor
11, J2 -Phono jack
Q1 -NPN transistor, HEP -722 or
723
R1, R2- 22,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt
resistor
R4- 2000 -ohm trimmer R5, R6, R8- 56,000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt R7- 10,000 -ohm potentiometer
potentiometer resistor Sl, S2 -Spst switch

97 NiCad Battery Charger
Providing an adjustable output charger is a quick and easy construc- a heat sink. While best to use a reg-
voltage up to 35 VDC and maximum tion project that will pay real divi- ular heat sink, Q1 can be mounted on
output current of 50 mA, this bat- dends by keeping your NiCads a metal cabinet. Keep in mind that
tery charger handles just about any charged and ready to go. since 01's case is also the collector
NiCad battery used by experimenters. Since transistor Q1 dissipates quite connection is must be insulated from
With only five components the a bit of heat, it must be mounted on the cabinet.
PARTS LIST FOR

NICAD BATTERY CHARGER 01
DI
C1- 100 -uF, 50-V electrolytic TI
capacitor
D1 -1 -A, 400 PIV- silicon rectifier
(Lafayette Radio Electronics 0-25V DC
32R08824 or equiv.) + p 500 mA ma><.
Q1 -40 -W, pnp power transistor

R1- 2000 -ohm potentiometer
T1 -24 -VAC, 117 -VAC primary
filament transformer
98 AC Motor Power Brake

Give it a shot of direct current, adhesive is dry solder one connecting
and any AC power tool motor will wire directly to SR1's case, the re- ON
SI (SPRING
OFF o RETURN)
instantly stop. No more free -running maining wire connects to the terminal. DC
power saws or drills with the Power Polarity is not important; any wire
Brake. The unit must be assembled can go to any SR1 terminal. 117
in a metal enclosure as the enclosure Switch S1 is a center -off, one side VAC
provides the heat sink for silicon rec- spring return. With Si on, AC will be PARTS LIST FOR
tifier D 1. This diode has only one fed to the motor and the motor will AC MOTOR POWER BRAKE
solder terminal, the case is the sec- run. To brake the motor, simply
press S1 down and a quick shot of PL1 -AC plug
ond terminal. 01- Silicon rectifier, 200 PIV, 20 A.
Place a single strip of plastic elec- DC will instantly stop it. The switch Sl -Spdt switch. Center off, one
trical tape on the bottom of SR l's returns to the center off position when side spring return
case, thoroughly coat SR1's case with released. This Power Brake can only Misc. -Metal cabinet
epoxy adhesive and cement SR1 to be used with AC motors; it will not
the enclosure (heat sink). When the brake universal (AC -DC) motors.
99 Simple Signaller
Using diode switching, a single series with the battery and the lamps S1 determines which of two head -
pair of wires controls two circuits that are replaced with headphones, switch phones receives the signal.
normally require four wires. Though
illustrated here with lamps, the same
idea can be used for telephone cir- PARTS LIST FOR
cuits. SIMPLE SIGNALLER
When polarity- reversing switch Si
is set so the positive battery terminal
feeds the top wire, the D1 /I1 circuit B1 -6 -V
battery, 4 D -cells in series
D1, D2- 50-PIV1 -A silicon diode
is operative and only lamp I1 lights (Lafayette Radio Electronics
up. Lamp I2 remains off because 33R08790 or equiv.)
diode D2 blocks the flow of DC to 11, 12- 6.3 -V, 0.15 -A, #40 pilot
the lamp. lamp (Radio Shack 272 -1128
When battery polarity is reversed, or equiv.)
so the top wire is negative, only D2 S1 -Dpdt toggle switch
conducts, illuminating 12. D1 blocks
the current flow and I1 is off.
If a carbon mike is connected in
61
100 Yelp Oscillator
A real screamer! Use a public -ad- Build this yelper in a small box until you press S2. Tone quality is
dress type amplifier and horn under and hold the PA mike 2 -3 inches adjusted by changing C2. If the siren
the hood of your car and you'll punch from the 8 -ohm speaker. Press push- pulsates before S 1 is pressed, Q 1 is
a hole in the tightest traffic jam. (Be button switch S2 and the siren starts too "leaky."
certain, of course, that you hold a up, shifting to a higher frequency.
position that entitles you to a siren.) Release it and the tone slides down
PARTS LIST FOR

YELP OSCILLATOR
B1 -6 -V or 12 -V battery C2

capacitor
C2- 0.02 -uF, 75 -VDC capacitor RI
Q1- Motorola HEP -53 npn 02
HEP -702
transistor (Radio Shack 01 SPKR
276 -2009) HEP -53
Q2- Motorola HEP -702 pnp
jI
R
BI
transistor 6-12V DC
CI
R1, R2- 56,000 -ohm, 1/2 -watt .2_1(
resistor I
I I I+ SI
R3- 27,000 -ohm, -watt resistor
112
Sl -Spst switch
S2 -N.O. pushbutton switch R3
(Calectro E2 -142) O C`
SPKR -8 -ohm speaker or PA horn

(Calectro S2 -245/6 or equiv.)
101 Twang- A -Matic
It seems no one cares for the sound

of a plain, unadorned guitar. First R1
1 MEG
they added fuzz, then big -boom bass,
next it was reverberation and scream- CI
ing highs. Now the in sound is twang, 0014F
a guitar sound that more or less ap-
proximates a banjo or mandolin. A INPUT'
Twang -A -Matic produces these un- R3
usual sounds from an ordinary electric 20K
R6
guitar by cutting the bass, severely 4700 R7 J2
OUTPUT
distorting the midband and highs, and 50K
then amplifying the distortion. It
might read "bad" to you, but it sure
sounds good! PARTS LIST FOR TWANG -A -MATIC
You can assemble the Twang -A- B1 -9 -volt battery (Eveready 246 or Q1, Q2 -NPN transistor, 2N3394
Matic in any type of cabinet. Switch equiv.) R1, R5 -1 megohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
Si cuts the effect in and out while C1- 0.001 -uF disc capacitor 25 R2- 10,000, 1/2 -watt resistor
VDC or better R3- 20,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor, 5
switch S2 turns the unit on and off. percent
Output control R7 should be set so C2 -2 -uF electrolytic
capacitor, 15
R4 -18 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
the Twang -A -Matic has the same vol- VDC or better
C3 -1 -uF electrolytic capacitor, 15
R6- 4700 -ohm, -watt resistor
112
ume level as the straight guitar feed- R7- 50,000 -ohm potentiometer
VDC or better
through. Various degrees of twang C4- 0.005 -uF disc capacitor, 15 S1- Switch, spdt (twang in -out)
are obtained by varying the output so VDC or better S2- Switch, spst (on -off)
the guitar picks up with the level J1, J2 -Phone jack
controls built into the guitar.
LITERATURE
LIBRARY
301. Get acquainted with the new FICO products.
designed for the professional technician and elec-
322. Radio Shack's 1977 catalog colorfully ilius-
trates their complete range of kit and wired prod-
34u. Royce Electronics' new full -color catalog up-
dates Information on their CB transceivers (boos,
ucts for electronics enthusiasts -CB, ham, SWL, mobile, handheld). It also describes new preat
tronics hobbyist. Included in brochure are 7 IC lines -CB antennas and a VHF marine radiehOe-
hi -fi, experimenter kits, batteries, tools, tubes, wire,
protect kits, EICO'a "Foneaids," security products phone.
cable, etc.
and many varied kits.
323. Get Lafayette Radio's "new look" 1977 catalog 344. For a packetful of material, send for SBE's
302. International crystal has illustrated lo!ders con- with 260 pages of complete electronics equipment. materiel on UHF and VHF scanners, CI mobile
taining product information on radio communica- It has larger pictures and easy -to -read type. Over transceivers, walkie- talkies, slow -scan TV systems.
tions kits for experimenters (PC boards; crystals; 18,000 items cover hi -fi, CB, ham rigs, accessories, marine -radios, two -way radios, and accessories.
transistor RF mixers 6 amplifiers; etc.). test equipment and tools.
345. For CBers from Hy -Gain Electronics Corp. there
327. Avanti's new brochure compares the quality
303. Regency has a new low cost /high performance is a 50 -page, 4 -color catalog (base, mobile and
difference between an Avanti Racer 27 base loaded
UHF/FM repeater. Also in the low price is their mobile antenna and a typical imported base loaded marine transceivers, antennas, and accssories).
10-channel monitoradio scanner that offers 5 -band antenna. Colorful literature Illustrating two modela of moni-
performance. tor-scanners is also available.
328. A new free catalog is available from McGee
304. Dynascan's new B 6 K catalog features test Radio. It contains electronic product bargains. 350. Send for the free NRI/McGraw Hill 100 -p11ge
equipment for Industrial labs, schools, and TV 329. Semiconductor Suoermart is a new 1977 cata-
color catalog detailing over 15 electronics cowsos.
servicing. log listing project builders' parts, popular CB gear, Courses cover TV -audio servicing, Industrial and
and test equipment. It features semiconductors - digital computer electronics, CB communications
305. Before you build from scratch. check the Fair all from Circuit Specialists. servicing, among others. G.I. Bill approved, aewsos
Radio Sales latest catalog for surplus gear. are sold by mall.
330. There are over 450 electronic kits described in
300. Get Antenna Specialists' catalog of latest mo- Heath's new catalog. Virtually every do- it- yourself 352. Send for the free descriptive bulletin from
interest is included -TV, radios. stereo 8 4- channel. Finney Co. It tells all about their new auto FM radio
bile antennas, test equipment, wattmeters, acces- signal booster (eliminates signal fading).
sories. hi -ti, etc.
331. E. F. Johnson offers their CB 2 -way radio cata- 353. MFJ offers a free catalog of amateur radio
307. Want a deluxe CB base station? Then get the log to help you when you make the American vaca- equipment -CW and SSB audio filters, lectrenlc
specs on Tram's super CB rigs. tion scene. A selection guide to the features of the components. etc. Other lit. Is free.
various messenger models will aid you as you go
300. Compact is the word for Xcelite's 9 different 354. A government FCC License can help you
through the book.
sets of midget screwdrivers and nutdrivers with qualify for a career In electronics. Send for Infor-
"piggyback" handle to increase length and torque. 332. If you want courses in assembling your own mation from Cleveland Institute of Electronics.
A handy show case serves as a bench stand also. TV kits, National Schools has 10 from which to
choose. There is a plan for Gis. 355. New for CBers from Anixter -Mark is a colorful
310. Turner has two booklets on their Signal Kicker 4 -pagebrochure detailing their line of base *Wiwi
333. Get the new free catalog from Howard W. and mobile antennas, Including 6 models of tM
antennas. They give specifications and prices on Sams. It describes 100's of books for hobbyists
their variety of CB base and mobile line. Construc- famous Mark Heliwhlp.
and technicians -books on projects, basic elec-
tion details help irr your choice. 356. Send for Continental Specialties new bread-
tronics and related subjects.
boarding prototest devices. They very in pries*
311. Midland Communications' line of base. mobile 334. Sprague Products has L.E. D. readouts for those from a mini -budget kit at 519.95. Featured Is the
and hand -held CB equipment, marine transceivers, who want to build electronic clocks, calculators. new logic monitor, giving Information on what It
scanning monitors, plus a sampling of accessories etc. Parts lists and helpful schematics are included. does. how it works, and how to use It.
are covered in a colorful 18 -page brochure.
335. The latest edition of the TAB BOOKS catalog
357. Cage Scientific Instruments offers a 16 -page
312 The EDI (Electronic Distributors, Inc.) catalog describes over 450 books on CB. electronics, broad- booklet on how to build an electronic thermometer
is updated 5 times a year. It has an index of manu- casting, do- it- yourself, hobby, radio. TV, hi -fi, and with control. Included is an introductory course en
facturers literally from A to X (ADC to Xcelite). CB and TV servicing.
thermocoup:ea, schematics and many applications.
Whether you want to spend 29 cents for a pilot - 337. Pace communications equipment covers 2 -way
light socket or $699.95 for s stereo AM /FM receiver, radios for business, industrial and CB operations. 358. PixTronics announces its new Model 200 Super
you'll find it here. Marine radiotelephones and scanning receivers are Sensitive Electronic Darkroom Exposure Meter,
also in this 18 -p. book. used to determine the correct exposures of all
313. Get all the facts on Progressive Edu -Kits Home black- and -white and color negatives. Useable with
338. "Break Break," a booklet which came into
Radio Course. Build 20 radios and electronic cir- any enlarger.
cuits; parts, tools, and instructions included. existence at the request of hundreds of CBers. con-
tains real life stories of incidents taking p'acn on 359. Electronics Book Club has literature on how to
complete catalog of America's highways and byways. Compiled by the get up to 3 electronics books (retailing at 356.70)
315. Trigger Electronics has a
sample Club
equipment for those In electronics. Included are Shakespeare Company, it is available on a firs, for only 99 cents each . . . plus a
come. first serve basis. News package.
kits, parts, ham gear, CB, hi fi and recording equip-
ment.
310. Get the Hustler brochure illustrating their com- 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977 Edition
plete line of CB and moritor radio antennas.
Box 1849, G.P.O. Void After August 19, 1977
317. Teaberry's new brochure presents their com- New York, NY 10001
plete lines of CB and marine transcr.iiv rs and scan-
ners for monitoring polic_, fire and other public Please arrange to have the literature whose numbers I have circled below sent to me as
service frequencies. soon as possible. I am enclosing 50C for each group of 5 to cover handling. (No stamps,
310. CBers, GC Electronics' 16 -page catalog offers please.) Allow 4 -6 weeks for delivery.
the latest in CB accessories. There are base and
mobile mikes and antennas; phone plugs; adaptors 304 305 306 307 308 310 311 312 313
301 302 303
and connectors; antenna switchers and matchers;
TVI filters; automotive noise suppressor kits; SWR
315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 327 328 321
power and FS meters; etc.
31e. Browning's mobiles and its famous Golden 330 331 332 333 334 335 337 338 342 344 345 350
Eagle base station, are Illustrated in ddtail In the
new 1977 catalog. It has full -color photos and 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359
specification data on Golden Eagle, LTD and SST
models, and on "Brown e," a dramatic new mini -
mobile.
NAME (print clearly)
320. Edmund Scientific's new catalog contains over
4500 products that embrace many sciences and
fields. ADDRESS
321. Cornell Electronics' "Imperial Thrift Tag Sale" CITY STATE ZIP
Catalog features TV and radio tubes. You can also
find almost anything in electronics.
30 INTEGRATED
CIRCUIT PROJECTS
IC1 SWL's Super Calibrator
Providing WWV referenced out- IC1's output at pin 8 is a buffered 1 nected directly to the receiver's an-
puts at 1 MHz, 100 kHz, 10 kHz and MHz. ICs 2, 3 and 4 are divide by 10 tenna input terminals without affect-
1 kHz, this super calibrator looks frequency dividers providing outputs ing the calibrator's output frequency.
quite difficult to assemble, but if you of 100 kHz, 10 kHz and 1 kHz. Since The unit is set to zero -beat with
lay it out for a printed circuit board all outputs are square waveform, all WWV with trimmer capacitor C4. It
you'll find it's one of the easiest pro- output signals are rich in harmonics can be assembled in any type of cabi-
jects to build and get working be- and so can be used to calibrate re- net, but a PC board is specifically
cause there's very little that can go ceiver dials to well above 60 MHz for recommended for circuit stability.
wrong if the ICs and the crystal are the 1 MHz output and to at least 30 Power must come from a 5 -volt
okay. MHz for the 100 KHz and 10 kHz regulated source and we recommend
IC1 serves as both the oscillator outputs. The 1 kHz harmonics can the LM340 5 -volt three -terminal reg-
and buffer amplifier. Another buffer range up to 30 MHz depending on ulator for this project. Make certain
amplifier is used for the output am- your receiver's sensitivity. The cali- capacitor Cl is installed as close as
plifier (terminals 11, 12 and 13), brator's output at jack J1 can be con- possible to ICI pin 14.
I kHz
JI C2
OUTPUT 1-1 SI 10
IOO kHz
kHz
PARTS LIST FOR
I MHz SWL'S SUPER CALIBRATOR
R1, R2- 220 -ohms, 1/2-watt, 10 %,
+5 VDC
REGULATED 1 resistor
Cl, C2, C3- 0.01 -uF, 10 -VDC or
cl T higher, capacitor
14 III 12 13 I I C4- 5 -50-pF trimmer capacitor
6 5 1 1 14 II 14 12 5 II 14
X1 -1 -MHz crystal, Calectro J4-
--6-
I
I
1C2 IC3 IC4

ICI 236710 236710 236 710 1900 or equiv.
IC1- Integrated circuit type
RI 5 6 9 SN7400
-C3
F--
R2
IC2, IC3, IC4- Integrated circuit
type SN7490
S1 -SP4T switch
C4 11-Output jack (phono type
Ar-11 IMHZ XI
suggested)
IC2 Lie Detector

When a person is under mental connect one test probe, actually a Potentiometer R4 serves as a sen-
stress one of the physiological changes length of non -insulated wire taped to sitivity control. To avoid pinning the
includes a lowering of the body's the skin, to each hand, arm, or wrist, meter start with R4 at about the mid
skin resistance, and one of the char- adjust control R2 for a meter null position: increasing the resistance in-
acteristics measured by the modern (zero meter reading), and then ask creases the gain, while decreasing the
lie detector is skin resistance. your questions. If a question causes resistance reduces the gain and the
Our "lie detector" works the same the subject mental stress you will usu- meter reading.
way: it measures the body's skin really see this stress indicated by an in- If you want to avoid taping the
sistance. In typical use you would crease in the meter reading. probes to your subject you can use
the inexpensive, less- than-$1 -a -pair
bicycle clips available in most depart-
ment and sporting goods stores. Solder
the test probe wires to the clips and
then bend the clips so they hold onto
the hand or arm gently but firmly.
Wiping the area under the clips with
TEST
alcohol will improve overall sensi- PROBES
tivity.
If long test probes are used, say in
excess of 3 -feet, shielded wire is
suggested, with the shield for each PARTS LIST FOR LIE DETECTOR
test probe wire connected to the Resistors 1- or 1/4-watt, 10 %, IC1- Operational amplifier, type
chassis ground -the junction between unless otherwise specified 741
switches S l a and S lb. You can also R1, R5- 10,000 -ohms S1- Switch, DPST
R2, R4- 1- megohm potentiometer B1, B2 -6 volt battery, Burgess Z4
use two -wire shielded cable (two
R3, R6 -1,000 -ohms or equiv.
wires in one shield) and fan the wires M1 -Meter, 0 -1 mA DC
R7- 560 -ohms
out a foot or so from under the probe
Cl, C2- 0.01 -uF, 25 VDC or higher
end.
IC3 CB Mobile-to-Base Power Unit

CB mobile transceivers and 3 to read about 18 VAC. Complete the cabinet; use fiber shoulder washers
5 -watt CB handie -talkies are easily rest of this project only after you are under the screw.
converted to base station operation certain the output voltage from the Connect rectifier D2 exactly where
with this 13.8 volt regulated power transformer(s) is about 18 VAC. shown in the circuit. D2 should be
unit. Transformers Ti and T2 should ICI must be heat sinked to the rated at least 50 PIV at 3 amperes.
be rated 2 amperes. When T1 and cabinet. Note that ICI's tab is a "hot" Bridge rectifier DI is rated 50 PIV at
T2's secondaries are connected, test terminal; make certain it is insulated 6 amperes. Do not substitute a 3
the transformer(s) output voltage from the cabinet with a power tran- ampere bridge rectifier for D1 unless
with an AC voltmeter. If the meter sistor insulator or a mica washer. you heat sink it to the chassis. (Heat
indicates approximately 6.3 volts, Coat both sides of the insulator sinking for DI is suggested for both
reverse the connections of either (washer) with silicon heat sink the 3 and 6 ampere types.)
transformer's primary or secondary, grease. And make certain the mount-
but not both. The meter will then ing screw is insulated from the
PARTS LIST FOR

CB MOBILE -TO -BASE POWER UNIT
Tl
capacitor
C2- 0.1 -uF Mylar capacitor 117 VAC BRIDGE
HEAT SINK
C3- 500 -uF, 25 -VDC electrolytic RECTIFIER
IC1
J1
capacitor 1 LM- 340 -15
13.8 VDC OUTPUT / lA
Dl- Bridge rectifier, see text T PACK
D2- Silicon rectifier, 50 PIV, 3
C3 TAB IS
amperes 5Ó0µF ALSO 3
IC1- Voltage regulator, LM- 340 -15
(T- package)
T1 -12 -volt, 2- ampere filament
transformer
T2 -6.3 -volt, 2- ampere filament 1 2 3
transformer IC1
1C4 CB Channel Booster

Connect the CB Channel Puller no tuned circuits, this CB signal amplifier be used with a communi-
ahead of a low cost receiver, and booster delivers approximately 15dB cations-type receiver having an an-
you'll hear CB signals as if they were overall gain- that's about 3 S- units! tenna trimmer. It cannot be used in
coming from your backyard. Using Only restriction is that this little rf front of a low- impedance -input type

C3
CB transceiver. Seems the low im-

pedance antenna input common to C2
OOPF
CB units will sharply reduce the FROM
I
J2
OUTPUT
booster's gain. 52 OHM (SEE TEXT)
ANTENNA
Typical of all RF amplifiers, the
booster requires very short connect-
BOTTOM
ing leads. In particular, solder ca- VIEW
pacitor C3 right at pin 4. Integrated OF ICI
circuit ICI can be soldered directly

into the circuit or a socket can be PARTS LIST FOR
CB CHANNEL BOOSTER
used. Battery B1 is a 6V Z4 type or
larger. B1 -6V battery 11, 12 -Phono or coaxial jack
Cl, C2- 100 -pF, 15 VDC capacitor R1 -52 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
C3- 0.001 -uF, 15 VDC capacitor R2- 1,500 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
IC1 -HEP 590 (Motorola) S1 -SPST switch
IC5 5V/3A For Digital Projects

The 5 -volt power supply is almost heat sink of 30 square inches; but if rent, say 2 amperes, Tl can be rated
the universal power source for digital you use a metal cabinet 3 x 4 x 5 2 amperes.
projects. Only problem is the 5 volts inches or larger the cabinet itself Rectifiers 01 through 02 are avail-
must be highly regulated, for a power serves as the heat sink. Since pin 3 on able with ratings up to 3 amperes in
line transient riding through the sup- ICI is grounded (to the cabinet) , all the standard coaxial mounting. For
ply can zap a board full of ICs. This you need is some silicon heat sink greater current capacity the rectifiers
supply gives you full protection grease between the IC and the cab- must be heat -sinked (electrically iso-
against transients, as well as provid- inet-no insulator. lated) to the cabinet, or other sink.
ing tight regulation. The entire regu- Power transformer T1 must be A 10- ampere bridge rectifier such as
lator is contained in ICI; no other rated for the maximum current you sold by Calectro and Radio Shack
components other than the filter ca- will use or need. If you want the full can be substituted, but make certain
pacitor and rectifier are needed. For 5 amperes TI must be rated 5 am- it is heat sinked to the chassis.
full 5 ampere output IC1 requires a peres. But if you will need less cur-
30 Sq in
SI HEAT SINK
ICI
PARTS LIST FOR 2
5V /3A FOR DIGITAL PROJECTS
117VAC
5 VDC
C1- 3000 -uF, 25 VDC electrolytic REGULATED
capacitor
C2- 0.1 -uF Mylar capacitor
C3- 500 -uF, 10 VDC electrolytic D2
HEAT SINK
capacitor (SEE TEXT)
Dl-D4-See text
F1 -1/4 ampere, 3AG 3 IS
IC1 -5 -volt
regulator, LM223 or CASE
LM323 TO IC1 ICI
S1 -Spst slide or toggle switch BOTTOM VIEW
Ti- see text

ALTERNATE POWER SOURCE
IC6 Bi-Polar Power Supply

Most IC circuits require a Bi -Polar Filter capacitors Cl and C2 should ple, assume that Ti's secondary volt-
power supply. That is, a power source be at least 1000 uF (2000 uF pre- age is 24 volts (rms) center -tapped;
with two outputs -one positive with ferred) at a voltage rating at least the voltage on each side of the center -
respect to ground and the other nega- equal to the supply's output voltage. tap (Es) is 12. The supply's output
tive with respect to ground. A stand- The supply's output voltage is voltage is therefore 12 x 1.4 or ±
ard bridge rectifier circuit will provide equal to 1.4 times Es. Voltage Es 16.8 VDC. Always remember that
a Bi -Polar output if the transformer's equals one -half Transformer Ti's each Bi -Polar output is derived from
secondary is center -tapped to ground. peak secondary voltage. For exam- half Ti's secondary voltage.
PARTS LIST FOR
BI -POLAR POWER SUPPLY
Cl, C2 -1000 or 2000-uF capacitor
at the supply's output voltage +16.8VDC
117VAC
SR1- SR4- Silicon rectifiers PIV
-I 6. 8VDC
rated to at least twice the
supply's output voltage COMMON
OR
T1 -Power transformer with GROUND
center -tapped secondary C2
(Calectro D1 -752) _+ 10001F
IC7 Bi -Polar Power Amp

It is incovenient when working large, expensive output coupling ca- suggested.
with IC preamplifiers requiring bi- pacitor isn't needed. Since the device The amplifier's input impedance is
polar power sources to convert to a responds well into the high frequency 10,000 ohms, a suitable value for
single -ended power source for the range, capacitors C2 and C3 must be solid -state projects. Voltage gain is
power amplifier. Our Bi -Polar Amp, placed directly at the IC terminals to 36. If less overall gain is required
however, can be driven from a bi- prevent high frequency oscillation. (say, 10X), disconnect pins 2 and 4
polar power supply. One of the bene- While capacitor Cl can be an electro- and connect pin 5 to ground through
fits enjoyed by Bi -Polar Amp is that a lytic type, a non -polarized 1 uF is capacitor C5.
PARTS LIST FOR

BI -POLAR POWER AMP
ICI C1 -1 -uF,
voltage rating at least
BOTTOM VIEW equal to peak input voltage
from preceding stage, capacitor
INPUT sPK I C2, C3- 0.1 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor
1611
C4- 39-pF, 100 VDC disc capacitor
C5- 10 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor
NOTE : LEAD 7 OF ICI IS
C6- 0.01 -uF, 25 VDC capacitor
CONNECTED TO CASE IC1- Motorola MC -1554G
R1 -10 -ohms, 1/2 -watt resistor
SPK1 -16 -ohm speaker
IC 8 Groove Booster
14 13 12 II 10 9 8
C3
Using a dual operational amplifier CI

IC, the Groove Booster will provide .IyF
I 2 3 4 5 6 7
a fully equalized 1 V rms output from ICI( TOP VIEW )
standard phono magnetic pickups.

The terminal numbers which are cir- C6 OUTPUT LEAD
FROM 51F IOK OR HIGHER
cled on the schematic are the connec- MAGNETIC
PHONO
tions for one of the two independent CARTRIDGE
stereo amplifiers on the single IC chip.
The uncircled numbers are the ter-
minals for the stereo second IC. PARTS LIST FOR
C4 C5
.006yF .0015p F
Power supply terminals #14 and #7 GROOVE BOOSTER
are common to both stereo amplifiers. capacitor
Note that the power supply is -±-12 C1- 0.1 -uF, 3 VDC capacitor C6 -5 -uF, 25 VDC capacitor
volts to ground. Two 6 -volt batteries C2- 25 -uF, 3 VDC capacitor IC1- Motorola MC1303L
C3- 820 -pF, 500V VDC disc R1-47,000-ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
in series can be used for each side of
capacitor R2- 100,000 -ohms, 1/2 -watt resistor
the power supply. If batteries are R3 -1,000 -ohms, -watt resistor
C4- 0.006 -uF, 100V VDC disc 112
used, connect 25 -uF capacitors from capacitor R4- 750,000 -ohms, 1/2 -watt resistor
pins 7 and 14 to ground -and get C5- 0.0015 -uF, 100V VDC disc R5- 51,000 -ohms, 1/2 -watt resistor
their polarity correct.
67
IC9 Photo Timer
6V
You can spend $50 to $125 for a 3TO5A
SEE TEXT TO SAFELIGHT (N.C)
photo -enlarger timer but chances are
you're not going to get more than a
fancy version of this easy -to -build TO ENLARGER (N.0)
circuit. If you use a DPDT relay, as
shown, your safelights can be wired RYI
to turn on when the enlarger turns (6 V, 300 MA MAX)
off and vice versa.

If R2 is 1- megohm the timer's
range is about 1 to 110 seconds. If
Afe ;50
R2 is 1.5- megohms the timer's range
is approximately 1 to 165 seconds. PARTS LIST FOR PHOTO TIMER
The precise range will be determined Resistors V2 watt, 10 %, unless C3- 0.01 -uF capacitor
primarily by C2's accuracy, so use a otherwise specified. IN- Integrated circuit timer type
reasonably good quality capacitor for R1-10,000-ohms 555 (any package)
C2, but don't get a precision or MIL - R2 -1.0- or 1.5- megohm linear Ql -NPN transistor, Radio Shack
spec part; it's not necessary. taper potentiometer (see text) 276 -2030 or equiv.
If you use a low current relay for
R3- 22,000 -ohms 01- Silicon rectifier, 1N4003,
R4- 560 -ohms equiv. or higher PIV rating.
RY1, say less than 100 -mA at 6- Capacitors rated 6 -VDC or higher RY1 -6 -VDC relay, see text
VDC, you can eliminate Q1 and con- C1- 100 -uF electrolytic Sl -N.O. push -button or momentary
nect the relay directly from IC termi- C2- 100 -uF electrolytic (see text) contact switch.
nal 3 to ground. If you use a heavy -
duty relay, as high as 300 -mA at
6- volts, use 01. The power input Potentiometer R2 should be linear If the unit is assembled in a metal
should be 6 -volts (doesn't have to be taper. After the timer is assembled cabinet use a three -wire linecord to
regulated) at 300 -mA, or 500 -mA for attach a large pointer knob to R l's ground the cabinet. If you use an all
a heavy -duty relay. We suggest any shaft, and using an electric clock with plastic cabinet with no exposed metal
popular-brand low cost relay, such as a sweep second hand as a reference, hardware that can be touched you can
P&B, Magnacraft or Calectro. calibrate timing control R2. use a two -wire linecord.
IC10 Bargain Tape Preamp

From time to time you'll find bar- sponse is suitable for cassettes and tucked under the tape mechanism's
gains at dealers selling tape and cas- 33/4 IPS reel -to -reel tapes. Since the base plate. The power supply can be
sette deck mechanisms at rock bottom actual required equalization is deter- anything from 9 to 18 volts at ap-
prices -often less than $20! Complete mined partially by the playback head proximately 3 mA. Transistor type
with heads, these decks need only the characteristics, it might be necessary radio batteries will do; if batteries are
electronics to get them working. The to modify or "tailor" the equalization; used they must be bypassed with a
preamp provides both the amplifica- this is done by small changes in the 25 -uF capacitor. And, be sure you
tion and equalization. You can feed value of capacitor C3 and resistor R5. observe proper battery polarity.
its output directly into an amplifier's If assembled on a small printed
auxiliary input. Overall frequency re- circuit board, the preamp can be
R5 C3
PARTS LIST FOR
BARGAIN TAPE PREAMP TOP VIEW
Cl, C2- 25 -uF, 6 VDC capacitor

C4- 10 -uF, 20 VDC capacitor DOT

ICI- Motorola MFC -4010
FROM
TAPE
HEAD
C CI
(
C4
TO AMP
AUXILIARY
250F IONF INPUT
R1, R4 -3,900 ohms, 1/2-watt
resistor
R2- 39,000 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
R3- 560,000-ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
R5- 56,000 -ohms, Vz -watt resistor

IC11 Mighty Mite Tracer
R3 4
9V0C FLAT
01
Featuring extremely high gain BOTTOM
VIEW
CI
suitable for tracing signals directly IyF
from microphones and magnetic pick- SPKI
ups, our Mighty Mite signal tracer
can be made small enough to sit di-
r
INPUT 50K
RI
C2
.IyF
MFC4000
C6
IOOyF
1611
rectly on the back of the speaker ICI

R2
magnet. Though intended for check- 47K
C3
.0050.
TOP VIEW
ing transistor circuits, Mighty Mite

can be used with tubed equipment if C5
IOOyF
capacitor CI has a 600 VDC mini- DOT
mum rating, and if volume control RI PARTS LIST FOR

is always started from its off position. R1- Potentiometer, 50,000 -ohms,
MIGHTY MITE SIGNAL TRACER audio taper resistor
Regardless of the size speaker used, C1- 0.1 -uF, 600 VDC capacitor
Mighty Mite's speaker impedance
(see text) R3- 100,000 -ohms, 1 -watt resistor
must be 16 ohms minimum, though C2-0.1 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor
higher impedances work better. Power C3, VDC capacitor
C4-.005 -uF, 10
C5- 100 -uF, 3 VDC capacitor
/
R4 -15 -ohms, lie -watt resistor
R5- 4,700 -ohms, -watt resistor
output is approximately 250 mW; R6- 1,000-ohms, 112 -watt resistor
more than sufficient output level from C6- 100 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor
(250 uF for better low- frequency Q1 -PNP transistor, Radio Shack
a solid -state signal tracer small response with large speakers) 276 -2021
enough to hide on the back of a IC1- Motorola MFC -4000 SPK1 -16-ohm speaker (see text)
speaker magnet.
IC12 100X Instrument Amp

When voltages drop too low to be Connected ahead of a VTVM, the can be used because of the attenua-
indicated on your scope or VTVM, 100X Instrument Amplifier will con- tion provided by sensitivity control
just connect our 100X Instrument vert, for example, a 10 mV DC level R2.
Amplifier ahead of your test gear and into IV. Here's a value that can be After you've completed the 100X
you get full- screen or full -scale read- read on your VTVM! Similarly, if Instrument Amplifier, connect a
ings. With an input impedance of 1 connected ahead of a scope's vertical VTVM across the output, adjust R4
megohm, and a flat frequency re- input, the amp boosts a signal that for a zero DC meter reading. From
sponse from DC to 20 kHz and be- will just cause a wiggle on the CRT time to time check the DC output; if it
yond, the 100X Instrument Amplifier to almost a full screen trace. The has drifted off zero, simply readjust
provides a gain of exactly 100 when maximum input signal level for un- R4. It might happen that changing
potentiometer R2's wiper is at the top distorted output is 100 mV peak -to- R2's setting over a wide range might
(full gain). peak. Naturally, higher input signals cause the output to drift off zero; if
PARTS LIST FOR

+12VDC
100X INSTRUMENT AMPLIFIER
B1, B2- Battery, 12V
Cl, C2- 100 -uF, 15 VDC capacitor
IC1- Motorola MC-1456G
R1- 10,000 -ohms, 1 -watt, 5%
resistor
R2- Potentiometer, 1 megohm
ICI
R3 -1 megohm, 1/ -watt, 5% resistor
BOTTOM VIEW R4- Potentiometer, 10,000-ohms
linear taper
R5- 10,000 -ohms, 112 -watt resistor
so, simply readjust R4. If you are surements, the output DC zero drift itor can be connected between the
primarily concerned with AC mea- is unimportant, and a 0.1 -uF capac- 100X and your VTVM or scope.
IC13 C Booster
Ej Suppose you needed a 10,000 -uF put terminals is 1000 x 10 uF or
capacitor; do you think it could 10,000 uF. Almost any capacity value
squeeze on your project's printed cir- can be used for Cx.
cuit board? The answer is yes because
it need be no larger than a transistor.
PARTS LIST FOR C BOOSTER
By using a capacitance amplifier, the C1- 250 -pF disc capacitor, 50 VDC
value of any capacitor can be boosted or better
by a factor of 1000X. Capacitor Cx IC1 -SE537 Integrated Circuit
is the value to be boosted; the effec- (Signetics)
tive capacity appears at the terminals R1, R3- 10- megohm, 1/2-watt
indicated C. If Cx is 10 uF the effec- resistor
tive capacity that appears at the out-
IC14 Notch Filter Oscillator

Every experimenter's spare parts output frequency. Notch Filter Oscil- age. If fine output control is desired,
box has the necessary components for lator's non -inverting or positive ( +) add potentiometer R6.
our Notch Filter 1 kHz Oscillator. It's input is grounded. When your Notch Filter Oscillator
suitable for testing audio equipment, The power supply is bi- polar; use is connected to a DC circuit, connect
signal tracing or tape recorder bias any voltage up to ±-15 VDC. While a DC blocking capacitor in series with
adjustments. Integrated circuit IC1 resistor R5 is not needed in many R6's wiper arm. If the oscillator is to
can be just about any operational am- instances, its use insures your Notch drive circuits of less than 10K ohm
plifier sold through "surplus dealers." Filter Oscillator project's success. impedance, substitute a 1 -uF non -
The 1 kHz "notch filter" from the Potentiometer RI sets the output polarized capacitor for C4, rated to
amplifier output to the inverting or level; its maximum value will ap- the power supply's voltage.
negative (- ) input determines the proach the total power supply volt-
PARTS LIST FOR

NOTCH FILTER OSCILLATOR
R2 R3
Cl, C2, C3- 0.005 -uF, 75 VDC

capacitor
C4- 0.1 -uF (see text) capacitor
IC1- 741 -type operational amplifier
C4
I y(FI
I -
r---
OUTPUT
f
R6
I OO K
FINE
CONTROLLED
OUTPUT
R1- 10,000 ohms pot
R2, R3- 47,000 -ohms, 1/2-watt
resistor
(see text)
R6- Potentiometer, 100,000 -ohms,
audio taper (see text)
IC15 Electric Butler Intercom

Using a miniature 1 watt IC power DPDT switch, a spring- return type a shielded wire between SI and R1;
amplifier, our Electric Butler provides will keep the Master station always make a single- shield ground at RI.
very high sensitivity and a loud, clean monitoring the Remote. If an AC power supply is used, it
output. Wiring and layout is not criti- The speakers can be any "intercom must be rated for at least 100 mA
cal as long as capacitors C4 and C5 type" rated from 20 to 45 ohms. drain. If a battery supply is used,
are installed directly at ICI's termi- Though miniature 16 ohm speakers figure the 10 mA idling current; the
nals. Capacitor C6 can be as low as can be used, they do not have the batteries will be able to deliver the
100 uF if you want to cut costs and power handling capacity of the "inter- 100 mA maximum output peak cur-
are willing to give up a little bass com" speaker. If there appears to be rent. Solder a 1 inch square tin heat
response. While Si can be a standard some high frequency instability, use sink to IC1's tab during construction.
01
PARTS LIST FOR BOTTOM VIEW
ELECTRIC BUTLER INTERCOM FLAT lomo IDLE
BASE MASTER +22VDC IOOmA PEAK
C1- 0.2 -uF, 3 VDC capacitor EMITTER R3 STATION IFEMOTE
STATION
C2- 0.02 -uF, 3 VDC capacitor COLLECTOR LISTEN
C3- 100 -uF, 25 VDC capacitor R2
C4- 0.05 -uF, 75 VDC capacitor SPK 2
20-
C5- 0.001 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor 450
C6- 200 -uF, 25 VDC capacitor (see .02yF IOOK
text)
IC1- General Electric PA -234
01
2N3391
R7
-----
7 5 3
Q1 -NPN transistor 2N3391 10 C5 R6
(HEP 726) .001 yF I OO K
R1- Potentiometer, 5,000 -ohms, B 10 12 14

audio taper resistor HEAT SINK TAB TOP VIEW
R2 -2.2 megohms, 1/2-watt resistor resistor SPK1, SPK2- Speaker, 20 to 45
R3- 22,000 -ohms, V2 -watt resistor R5 -1 megohm, 1/2 -watt resistor ohms, (see text)
R4, R6- 100,000 -ohms, 1/2 -watt R7 -10 -ohms, 1/2 -watt resistor S1- Switch, DPDT (see text)
" IC16 Ultimate Talk Power

DI
N
Operating directly from micro-
phone level and providing a nominal
.25pF
I
GIl 01
C12
.002
yF
_L
R3
+I2VDC
C5
IOOyF
i02
C4
.IyF
IOOK
IV output, this compressor delivers C6 R4 ICI
C2 4700
20 dB of compression (essentially BOTTOM VIEW
B .IuF
distortion -free limiting) and will give 1
ÓpF p0K ICI 5
CIO
ultimate talk -power to P.A. systems MC1433G I I--°OUTPUT APPROX

C3 3 C7 .IyF
and ham or CB transmitters. Fact is,
I
2 IV. 50K OR HIGHER

some sideband transmitters might not
F
.IyF CB gOI F LEVEL
DM R2
be able to handle the almost continu- CII 47K
ous "peak power" output of our
compressor!
--I I--
50pF
-I2VDC C9
.IyF
1o0yF
The only restriction on its use is --410-NeV
IM
that the microphone, DM1, must be
the dynamic type: any impedance PARTS LIST FOR
from 50 to 50,000 ohms will work. ULTIMATE TALK -POWER
If DM1 can be permanently con- C1- 0.25 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor R2- 47,000 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
nected to the circuit, components R2 C2- 10 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor R3- 100 -ohms, V2 -watt resistor
and C3 can be eliminated. But they C3, C4, C6, C8, C10- 0.1 -uF, 75 R4- 4,700 -ohms, 1 -watt resistor
must be used if there is any possibility VDC capacitor R5 -1 megohm, I/ -watt resistor
DM1 will be disconnected. No sub- C5, C9- 100 -uF, 15 VDC capacitor DM1- Dynamic microphone (see
stitution can be made for transistor C7, C11- 50 -pF, 75 VDC disc text)
Q1. capacitor D1, D2- Germanium diode, 1N60
C12- 0.002 -uF, 25 VDC capacitor or equiv.
Capacitors C6 and C8 must be in- Q1 -FET transistor, type 2N3820
stalled directly at the IC terminals for IC1- Motorola MC -1433G
R1-100,000-ohms, 1/2 -watt resistor (Texas Instruments)
instability suppression. Capacitors C5
and C9 can be installed anywhere
that's convenient. A bi -polar 12V
supply (well filtered) is required. (for total hum -free operation) be- proximately 15 mA. Any gain controls
Power can be provided by batteries cause the current requirement is ap- must come after the output at C10.
IC1 7 Tape Head Preamp

is it worth about $20 to have an- the electronics, and at rock -bottom almost optimum results will be ob-
other tape or cassette player? From prices of $10, $15 or $20. All the tained with supply voltages as low as
time to time surplus dealers offer mechanism needs is this equalized ±7 VDC. Two ordinary 9 -volt tran-
complete tape or cassette mechanisms tape head preamplifier. Though the sistor radio batteries will power the
-everything ready -to -go except for power supply is rated at -±15 VDC, preamp for many hours.
71
The op amp, ICI, is internally com-
PARTS LIST FOR C3
pensated and no special wiring prac- TAPE HEAD PREAMP .OIuF
tices are needed; the preamp can be
built in just about any enclosure, C1 -22-uF electrolytic capacitor,
though the connecting wire from the 25 VDC or better (Calectro
tape head should be shielded. R Al -128) Cl
15uF
1
C2-0.005 -uF disc capacitor, 25
connects to the non -inverting ( +) VDC or better
input of the IC, R2 between the out- C3- 0.01 -uF disc capacitor, 25 OUTPUT
put and the inverting ( input. No -) VDC or better
TAPE
HEAD
RI
-15V -t
pin connections are given because the ICI -Type 741 op amp loon
IC is available in many different pin R1- 100 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor C2
configurations. R2- 100,000 -ohms, 1 -watt resistor T.005uF
Ici 8 Stereo Balancer

By comparing the difference be- To use, set your stereo amplifier to amplifier is in perfect balance there is
tween channel outputs when feeding mono -then adjust the balance control no difference in mono output voltage
a mono signal, this differential stereo until meter M1 indicates a null (mini- between channels. So our differential
balancer meter allows you to set your mum reading). *If you cannot obtain amplifier indicates zero difference on
stereo amplifier for precise electrical a null it indicates there is a phase the meter.
balance. Wiring is not critical; the reversal -which should be corrected-
circuitry can very easily be battery between the signal input and the
powered using a bi -polar battery con- speaker terminals. This circuit works PARTS LIST FOR
nection as shown. on the differential principle. When an STEREO BALANCER
14 13 2 II 10 9 8
B1, 82- Battery, 9V, type 2U6
+9VDC C1- 0.05 -uF, 50 VDC capacitor
ir-NOTCH R5 +9V>---± C2, C3- 47-uF, 50 VDC capacitor
0 10
9VDC
C4- 50 -pf, 100 VDC capacitor
2 1+C2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RI
5
T50NF BI ICI- Motorola MC -1433P
ICI (TOP VIEW)
R7 + M1 -VU meter (Calectro D1 -958)
100K
R3 I I
3600 9VDC R1, R2, R6- 100,000 -ohms, 1/2-watt
INPUTS FROM LEFT I0K
SPEAKER resistor
RIGHT -9V R3, R4- 10,000-ohms, 1/2-watt
R2 resistor
R5 -10 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
100K
R4 R7 -3,600 ohms (usually with VU
I0K
-9VDC meter) resistor
IC19 The Basic Amplifier
This general purpose amplifier fea-

Rl
tures a power gain of 100 (20dB) PARTS LIST FOR t MEG
and can be used as a preamplifier for THE BASIC AMPLIFIER
a microphone, receiver, signal tracer, Cl
R2
etc. The IC is internally compensated, C1- 0.1 -uF Mylar capacitor, 25 VDC 10K
ICI -Type 741 operational amplifier + --IuF
providing stable performance with a INPUT "
R1, R3 -1 megohm, 1 -watt resistor

flat frequency response to about 10
R2- 10,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor, -t OUTPUT
-t
kHz with a gradual roll -off to 20 R3
kHz. The overall gain can be reduced (see text) IMEG -15V
to 10 by increasing the value of R2

to 100,000 -ohms. ICI is available in
several different packages; use the one non -inverting ( +) input of the IC, tions are given because the IC is
most convenient for your particular R1 between the output and the in- available in many different configura-
component layout. R3 connects to the verting ( -)
input. No pin connections.
1C20 Versatile Hi-Pass Filter
A high pass filter is a handy de- used. R2 connects to the non- invert- the output and the inverting ( -)
vice to have around. Depending on ing ( +) input of the IC, R1 between input.
the corner (turnover) frequency you
select it can serve as a hum filter, C3
PARTS LIST FOR
470pF
distortion meter or highly- selective VERSATILE HI -PASS FILTER
audio equalizer. The values of Cl,
C2, C3 and Rl 'provide a corner fre- Cl, C2, C3- 470 -pF, disc capacitor,
quency of 1000 Hz. The IC has in- 50 VDC or better
ternal compensation so special wiring IC1- 741 -type operational
techniques are unnecssary. No pin OUTPUT amplifier
connections are given because the 741
IC is available in many different pin
= R2
IOMEG
-I5V I
<-IkHz
R1, R2 -10 megohms, V -watf
resistor
configurations. Check the manufac-
turer's specs for the particular IC
1C21 Cigar-Size Amplifier

Using an IC no larger than a fly, can be a 9 volt type 2U6 battery; the out low -level audio projects, or it can
Cigar -Size Amplifier delivers almost idling current is no higher than 6 serve as a monitoring amplifier for
250 mW into a 16 -ohm speaker. A mA. Best way to keep things small is tape and cassette decks.
50 mV input signal coming from a to use a printed circuit board as-
source whose output impedance is sembly or a mini -mount as shown.
1000 ohms or lower is required for Cigar -size amplifier can serve as a
maximum output. The power supply general utility amplifier for checking
PARTS LIST FOR
CIGAR-SIZE AMPLIFIER
C1 -5 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor
1
C4
250pF C4- 250 -uF, 10 VDC capacitor
IK 16-OHM
C5- 50-uF, 10 VDC capacitor
INPUT OUTPUT IC1- Motorola MFC 4000
IMPEDANCE
I
ICI
TOP
P VIEW
10K
2 \
DOT
4
1C22 Protect-A-Volt
A simple turn of a knob sets Pro - full short circuit protection! Should PARTS LIST FOR
tect-a- Volt's output voltage anywhere there be a wiring error in the powered PROTECT -A-VOLT
in the 3 to 20 -volt range -and with project, this supply automatically C1- 2000-UF, 25 VDC capacitor
(see text)
C2, C3- 0.1 -uF, 75 VDC disc or
SRI Mylar capacitor
IC1- Motorola MC-1461R
R1- 50,000 -ohms pot
SR1, SR2- Silicon rectifier, 50
PIV, IA
Tt -Power transformer; 117 VAC
primary, 30 VC.T.: 200 mA
ICI BOTTOM VIEW secondary (see text)

shuts down the output voltage until integrated circuit. 30V rms if the secondary is center -
the overload is removed. The maxi- To make this project easy to build, tapped; 15V rms if there is no center-
mum output current (short circuit and to sharply reduce total cost, it tap and a bridge-rectifier is substi-
protection) has been established by was necessary to eliminate a fully off, tuted for silicon rectifiers SRI and
resistor R3's value to 200 mA. Power or zero output, setting for Voltage SR2. Capacitor Cl's voltage rating
transformer Ti's rating should not Adjust control R1. The minimum must be 25 volts minimum. Do not
exceed 200 mA as extra current ca- output voltage is 3V. The maximum eliminate high- frequency-compensa-
pacity could not be handled by the voltage from Ti's secondary must be tion network components R4 /C3.
1C23 Hi-Level 4-Channel Mixer

CI
Best signal to noise ratio in a INPUT .IyF

microphone mixer is always obtained
if amplification is provided ahead of .05yF
C2+1
200yF OUTPUT
the loss in the mixer network. You
can easily put this idea to work with RI
loo I
our mixer -a full -fidelity, professional-
grade microphone mixer that con-
NOTCH
tains four independent amplifiers
/16
iiiiii
15 14 13 12 II 10 9
within the integrated circuit. 6 J
For simplification, our schematic
shows only the connections for one
of the four amplifiers; the others are
3 4 5 6
identical to the first. ICI
Note that the power supply is a TOP VIEW
single -ended 12 VDC (negative C5

2 .IyF
grounded) ; it must be well filtered,
or, use a battery supply. The current 1-12VDC
requirements are approximately 30
mA total. The power supply is inter-
nally connected to the amplifiers. PARTS LIST FOR HI -LEVEL MIXER IC1 -RCA CA 3052
To prevent high frequency oscilla- C1- 0.1 -uF, 3 VDC capacitor R1- 100 -ohms, 1/2-watt resistor
tion, components C3, R2 and C5 C2- 200 -uF, 3 VDC capacitor R2 -47 -ohms, 1 -watt resistor
must be installed directly at the IC's C3- 0.05-uF, 75 VDC disc capacitor R3- Potentiometer, 10,000-ohms
terminals. C4 -1 -uF, 15 VDC capacitor audio taper
Any 50 to 50,000 ohm dynamic C5- 0.1 -uF, 15 VDC capacitor R4- 10,000-ohms, 1 -watt resistor
microphone can be used. However,
crystal and ceramic mikes won't work ance IC's medium input impedance pedance mike, resulting in sharp, low -
with Pro -Mix; the medium imped- will excessively load down a high im- frequency attenuation.
1C24 SCA Adaptor

Cl This simple but very effective SCA in size. All components should be PARTS LIST FOR THE
Adaptor can be assembled on a sec- firmly soldered to push -in terminals. SCA ADAPTOR
tion of perfboard about 2 -in. x 3 -in.
Cl, C2- 510 -pF, 500 VDC ceramic
disc capacitor
C3, C7- 0.001 -uF, 75 V Mylar
capacitor
C4, C6- 0.018 -uF, 500 VDC
ceramic disc or Mylar capacitor
C5- 0.047 -uF, 75 VDC Mylar
capacitor
JI
IC1- Signetics NE565A
TO FM
OUTPUT
J 1 -Phono jack
DETECTOR R1, R2, R3, R4- 4700 -ohm, 1 -watt
III
BEFORE
II 9
II resistor
14 13 12 10
DE-EMPHASIS
CIRCUIT
ICI
TOP VIEW
R6- 1800 -ohm, 1 -watt resistor
I.
III
I
I
2 3
I
4
I
6
R7- 5000 -ohm potentiometer
R8, R9, R10- 1000 -ohm, 1/2-watt
resistor

The input must connect to the FM The FM receiver must be tuned to correct setting. A metal cabinet is sug-
receiver's detector output before the a station you know has SCA pro- gested. If desired, a pre de- emphasis
de-emphasis network. The SCA out- gramming. Then adjust potentiometer output jack can be installed on the
put at JI can be connected to any R7 for a clean SCA audio output. FM receiver or tuner so that the nor-
relatively high -gain amplifier -the out- Potentiometer R7's adjustment is not mal (after de- emphasis) output can
put level is about equal to that of a critical -the subcarrier is pulled in feed the hi -fi system independent of
crystal microphone. when R7's adjustment is near the the SCA output.
1C25 Stereo Mike Preamp

A dual IC gives hi -fi amplification rect polarity for capacitors C2 and value is determined by the load im-
for a stereo microphone pair. Low C3. In the event the unit motorboats pedance. It should be of such value
distortion and full -fidelity frequency ( low frequency oscillation) , install a as to provide the desired overall low
response characterize this mike pre- 0.1 uF capacitor from pin 14 to frequency response; 0.1 uF is sug-
amp. With resistors R1 and R2 pro- ground. gested for high impedance output
viding a center -tap for the power The connections for one of the two loads (100K and higher), while 10
supply, the IC can be powered from amplifiers is shown circled; the con- uF is suggested for low impedance
a standard single -ended power supply, nections for the second amplifier are loads.
or series connected batteries. uncircled. Pins 7 and 14 are common
Be very careful to observe the cor- to both amplifiers. Capacitor Cx's
PARTS LIST FOR

24- 26VOC 9 8
14 13 12 I I 10
STEREO MIKE PREAMP
MICROPHONE
INPUT
C5
50yF o C2, C3- 25 -uF, 25 VDC capacitor
2 3 4 5 6 7
JI
14
1
ICI (TOP VIEW

C4- 680-pF disc capacitor
CI
.IyF ICI
CR
C5- 50 -uF, 25 to 50 VDC capacitor
C6 -33 -pF disc capacitor
OUTPUT LEAD
10K OR HIGHER Cx -See text
IC1- Motorola MC1303L
1 J1- Microphone jack
R1, R2- 2,200 -ohms, 5% resistor
R3, R5- 100,000 -ohms resistor
IK IOOK R4- 1,000-ohms resistor
1C26 Comm-Press Log Amp

A log amplifier is a device that output voltage of about 1 volt peak. needed for optimum P.A. operation.
takes a large change in input signal Since this is a high frequency de- Because of the much higher average
and converts it to a small change in vice, lead dress and good power sup- voice power, a P.A. system using a
output. Hook one into a communica- ply bypassing at the power supply log amp compressor might appear to
tions system and both low and loud terminals are required. Keep the be more sensitive to acoustic feed-
sounds come out at almost the same ground leads short. If a microphone back (howling). Actually, you will
level giving you a lot more talk power; preamplifier is used before the log have much more voice 'output before
it sounds just like the hard -sell com- amplifier, connect a volume control the howling starts.
mercials on TV. The input level before the log amp's input.
should be about 0.1 volt peak for an Some experimentation will be
+6 VDC
PARTS LIST FOR

THE COMM -PRESS LOG AMP
INPUT C1 -1 -uF,
6 VDC electrolytic
OUTPUT
capacitor
C2- 10 -uF, 6 VDC electrolytic
capacitor
C3- 0.1 -uF, 75 VDC Mylar capacitor
DI
01, D2- Diode, Silicon, 1N914
IC1- Signetics SE501
R1-510-ohm, -watt resistor
'/z
75
1C27 Porta -Groove Amp
Just add a battery- powered motor Transformer T1 should have a pri- A 6 -inch speaker will deliver re-
to our Porta- Groove Amp, and you've mary impedance anywhere from 150 markably good sound quality, at least
made a portable phonograph of con- to 300 ohms center -tapped. The sec- the equal of a good quality table
siderably better quality than you can ondary should match the speaker im- radio. Two 6V lantern batteries or
buy. Phono pickup X1 must be the pedance. Do not use a sub -miniature eight D cells easy give Porta-Groove
ceramic type- either the usual high T1; for good sound quality T1 must Amp enough oomph. Do not use C or
impedance or so-called low imped- have sufficient "iron," so make cer- AA cells; they cannot give even rea-
ance (actually several thousand tain it can handle approximately 25 sonable life with the 20 mA idling
ohms) ceramic type can be used. mA average current. drain, 140 mA peak power drain.
PARTS LIST FOR 9 12VDC

PORTA-GROOVE AMP -EC)5
R2 = 50VF
Cl, C2, C4 -5 -uF, 6 VDC XI
470K TI
C3- 0.01 -uF, 10 VDC

VOLUME
C5- 50-uF, 15 VDC C6
SPK I
C6- .005 -uF, 15 VDC .005

R1- Potentiometer, 1 megohm VF
ICI
audio taper BOTTOM
R2-470,000 -ohms, rio -watt resistor
R3- Potentiometer, 3 megohms
R4- 510,000-ohms, r/í -watt resistor
VIEW 4700
C3
010F I C4
5jF
R5- 1,000 -ohms, 1 -watt resistor ohms center -tapped primary IdI -RCA CA3020 or CA3020A
SPK1- Speaker, 3.2, 4 or 6 -8 ohms coil to speaker impedance (see X1- Ceramic phono pickup (see
Tt-Output transformer, 150 to 300 text) (Calectro D1 -729 or equiv.) text -Calectro S2 -288 or equiv.)
1C28 Record Remote Am lifier

Here's a professional performance and its associated equipment is less ter results can be obtained with a line
record remote amplifier suitable for than 25 feet the amplifier can be con- matching transformer if the trans-
the hobbyist, amateur recordist or nected to any hi -fi type, high imped- former primary replaces R4 (elimi-
professional broadcast engineer. The ance input (10,000 -ohms or higher). nating C4).
input is any microphone with an out- For long line or professional ap- M1 is a standard VU meter whose
put impedance up to 50,000 ohms, or plications, connect a 500 /500 line internal rectifier has been removed
for professional use, the input can be matching transformer to output jack (open the case and unsolder the recti-
at line level. Output is 500 -ohms at J2. Capacitor C4 is 0.1 uF for all ap- fier). Total current drain is less than
line level with a bulit -in VU meter plications except when used with a 5 mA and the bi -polar power supply
indicating output level. When the dis- line matching transformer. When a can consist of two transistor radio
tance between the remote amplifier transformer is used C4 is 25 uF. Bet- type 9 -volt batteries.
PARTS LIST FOR

RECORD REMOTE AMPLIFIER
INPUT
JI C1- 220 -uF, 12 VDC electrolytic
capacitor
OUTPUT
J2 C2, C3- 47 -uF, 50 VDC electrolytic
capacitor
C4- 0.1 -uF or 25 -uF, 12 VDC
capacitor (see text)
D1, 02, 03, D4 -1N60
ICI -Type 741 operational amplifier
J1, J2- Shielded jacks
Ml -VU meter with internal rectifier
removed (Calectro D1 -930 or
equiv.)
7 R1- 50,000 -ohm audio taper
ICI potentiometer
-9 VDC
BOTTOM VIEW R2- 100-ohm, 1 -watt resistor
R3- 15,000-ohm, Y2-watt resistor

IC29 For Out Gain Control
One of the problems of locating a tentiometer R1 and applying 3.5 to
volume control in a remote location is 6 volts DC directly to pin 2. With
+ 9- 20 VDC
that of hum and noise pickup; as a 3.5 VDC the amplifier works at full
general rule, the greater the wire gain. The attenuation increases to a
length the greater the hum and noise maximum of 90 dB as the control CI C4
picked up. With an electronic attenu- voltage is increased to 6 VDC. INPUT I--OUTPUT
ator the entire problem is eliminated,
for the volume control wires carry
PARTS LIST FOR
only a DC control voltage which
THE FAR OUT GAIN CONTROL
causes an integrated circuit ampli-
fier's gain to vary by as much as 90 C1-0.47 -uF, 25 VDC capacitor RI
dB. Hum and noise picked up in the C2- 50-uF, 25 VDC capacitor = REMOTELY
DC control wires are not impressed C3- 680 -pF, 500 VDC ceramic disc LOCATED
capacitor POTENTIOMETER
on the amplified audio signal. 5
VDC Mylar capacitor
C4- 0.1 -uF, 75
No layout precautions are required
and any type of assembly can be used. ICI- Motorola MFC 6040 ICI -TOP VIEW
R1- 50,000 -ohm potentiometer
If desired, the amplifier gain can be
voltage controlled by eliminating po-
IC30 No-Noise Mike Preamp

Packing a walloping 60 dB gain ohms. Actual maximum output volt- not critical and any type of assembly
with a 7 volt output, this mike preamp age depends upon the load resistance, can be used. The power supply cur-
nevertheless is almost dead quiet. The ranging from 7 volts output into a rent is approximately 8 mA, with a
input impedance is about 75,000 - 10,000-ohm load to 4 volts output maximum of 12 mA.
ohms; output impedance about 100- into a 1000 -ohm load. Parts layout is
+ 30 VDC
PARTS LIST FOR
THE NO -NOISE MIKE PREAMP
C1 -2 -uF, 12 VDC electrolytic
capacitor
INPUT
C2- 100-uF, 12 VDC electrolytic
capacitor
C3- 0.047 -uF Mylar capacitor
C4, C5- 0.1 -uF Mylar capacitor
ICI- Motorola MFC 8040
R1-75,000-ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
R2-270,000 -ohm, 1,h -watt resistor
R4- 100 -ohm, V2-watt resistor
you nothing. Never throw out an old he didn't think was worth remarking to
project until you've stripped the valu- the new price. So he dumped capaci-
101 PROJECTS able parts: the power transformer, po- tors now selling for as high as $2 each
(Continued from page 19) tentiometers, switches, meters, jacks, for "a quarter -a- piece, TAKE YOUR
mounting hardware, etc. These are the PICK." Another distributor changed the
more than gold, but you can get assor - expensive items, the ones worth saving. brand of potentiometers he handled
ments of popular values at very rea- But don't start salvaging resistors and and closed out the old stock at 50 cents
sonable prices. Don't hesitate to shop small capacitors. They aren't worth the each. Sometimes he'll have buys in
around for bargain assortments. effort and they'll wear you down before power transformers, next time resistor
A good source of surplus switches, you get to the valuable components. assortments, maybe even solid -state de-
trimpots, panel lamps, LEDs and mis- Go right for the more expensive com- vices and photocells. Anytime you spot
cellaneous hardware are outfits like ponents and them scrap the rest. a closeout that looks like something you
Poly-Paks, B &F Enterprises and John Finally, keep your eyes open for might need for a future project stock
Meshna. You can often get two, three close -outs at your local parts distribu- up.
or four of anything for what you would tor. Often, he will fill baskets with Plug In The Iron. Okay. We've given
pay for one at the local parts dis- "dust collectors" priced pennies on the you tips on how to build and how to
tributor. dollar just to get rid of them. For ex- save on overall project cost. Now it's
Probably the best place to get parts ample, one distributor had old, pre - up to you. Start heating up the solder-
is from old projects, and then they cost priced stock of electrolytic capacitors ing iron.

MOD-X THE SIMPLEST CLOCK YET
by Norman Myers
Take just 8 parts, and a couple of switches, connect this module

to make an alarm clock in less than two hours.
Dozens of clock projects have been production, which continue to bring which comes with the clock module.
published in the past three or four prices down, down, down, National This module is made in several versions
years, and they all have two things in Semiconductor Corp. has brought out a by National, depending on whether the
common: an integrated circuit which complete clock -on -a -chip, including the clock is intended for use in 50 Hz or
contains most of the counting and tim- readout display -the numbers which 60 Hz countries, and on whether or not
ing circuits for making a digital clock, show the time. You no longer have to it's intended to display 24 -hour or 12-
and lots of wiring, especially between connect the outputs of the circuit chip hour time.
the integrated circuit chip and the read- which does the computations to the In addition to these features, this
out devices. These range from Numi- display digits, because the display and clock can tell you if there's been a
tron or other multisegment display tubes the clock chip are all on one small as- power failure. To tell you that the time
for each number to the more -recent, sembly, ready to build into a case and it shows is incorrect it flashes on and
and easier, all -in -one, 7- segment LEDs connect to a simple power supply, a off once every second until you stop it.
which have four or six digits in one couple of switches, and if you like, to When it's telling time the colon between
compact assembly. an alarm. the hours and the minutes numbers
Even with their maze of intercon- If you want to add a couple more flashes once every second. Chip-X also
necting wires many of these clocks offer switches you can have a clock which tells you whether it's AM or PM. It
only time, and (usually) an alarm. displays the seconds, on command, or does this by showing a dot in the upper
Some, but not all, permit you also to which includes the cat -nap (snooze) left hand corner in the PM. Finally,
read the seconds as they elapse, and feature. Finally, if you want to add one when the alarm is set to go off, a period
more and more have the Cat -nap more switch you can include the hold at the lower right is lit. Press the alarm
(snooze) feature. feature, which makes setting the clock button to be sure the alarm is enabled
Now, thanks to today's improved a bit faster. The wiring for these extra (ready) . put S4 on Alarm, and go to
methods of IC manufacture and mass- features is shown in the spec sheet sleep. After the alarm goes off, touch
Photo at left shows placement of parts in author's clock.

Placement is entirely uncritical and you can use any con-
venient arrangement, depending on the space you have in
the case you select. Picture above shows the actual module.
Mod -X has six 7- segment LED numerals (they all look like
eights here since no segments are lit up. Connections to the
module are made via the 11 terminals (holes) in the bottom
edge of the board, plus a few others at the top.

S4
ON
ALARM
SWITCH
PUSH OFF
BUTTONS
SI, 2,S3
..n11 I..1
CLOCK
MeeUL
PM M
INDICATOR I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO I I
E3
e
71
M
e
o
72
E6 E8
! 2:2 H. E7
PRI SEC PRI SEC.
TOP TOP Author also built this handsome wooden

VIEW VIEW
case to house another Mod -X clock. He
25V, 300MA 6V, 300 MA
included optional additional functions
a TI A RI R2 which can be seen in the schematic dia-
470n gram in the middle of the next page.
IOY300nWITT
b 25V 8
FI
ALARM
O that the unitis built in a safe container.
For example, if the clock is to be in a
BUZZER
o T2 A
wooden box, be sure that the resistors
120 VAC
II b 6V B
T
C.L100uf
2ov
have plenty of ventilation room around
them and that the box has ventilation
holes in the top and the bottom. And
after building the clock, let it run for
PARTS LIST FOR MOD -X a while then unplug it and feel around
to see how warm the box is inside. Keep
wires from resting on RI and R2,
C1- 100-uF, 20 -VDC or better electrolytic Q1 -NPN general purpose transistor which tend to get warm, and remember
capacitor Misc. Fuse holder, panel type for Fl; Buzzer that good ventilation is important.
D1 -1 -A,
200-V diode for alarm, 3 -volt type; Aluminum "wood" Finally, all connections going to the
F1-1/2-A, 125-VAC fuse look cabinet 23/4 x 6 x 4 inches or larger; fuse and to the primary side of T1 and
Mt -Clock module, National Semiconductor AC line cord, available at hardware T2 must be wrapped with tape because
MA-1002A (Digi -Key Corp. See below for stores; wire, hardware, solder, etc. there will be 120 volts on those points.
address) All the components can be mounted
RI-470 -ohm, 10 -watt resistor (part number ADDITIONAL PARTS FOR CLOCK OPTIONS
on a perf board about 2 -in. by 4 -in.
962-9302, Allied Electronics, see below for S5, 6, 7-
Switches same as SI, 2, 3, above,
address) for Hold, Catnap (snooze) or Seconds Dis- First place all the components on the
R2- 300 -ohm, 10-watt resistor (part number play options. board by sticking the leads through the
962-9270, Allied Electronics) To obtain the clock module and specifica- holes and bending the leads back to
St, 2, 3-
Single -pole, momentary -On switch, tion sheet, write to Digi-Key, Dept. E, Box hold the components in place. Trans-
normally open 677, Thief River Falls, MN 56701. Ask for formers T1 and T2 are small but are
S4 -SPDT toggle switch Mod -X MA1002A. Price is $11.55, plus 75 too heavy to put on the perf board so
T1- 120 -VAC primary, 24-26 VAC, 300 mA cents for postage and handling. Minn. resi- it is best to mount them on the bottom
secondary, power transformer (Radio dents add 46 cents state tax. Order module of the cabinet. Likewise, it is most
Shack 273 -1386 or equiv.) before other parts to be sure of module
convenient to mount the fuse on the
T2- 120-VAC primary, 6 VAC, 300 mA sec- availability at this price.
ondary, power transformer (Radio Shack Allied Electronics' address is 401 E. 8th
cabinet so that the 120 V wire coming
273 -1384 or equiv.) St. Ft. Worth, TX 76102.
into the cabinet can go directly to the
fuse and then to the transformers. Of
course switch S4 has to stick outside of
the cabinet, as do the pushbuttons.
the Alarm button and you will be able they will not get too hot. Be sure, also, With the components mounted on the
to snooze for nine more minutes the pleasure that comes from those few board, all you have to do is run con-
Construction. Now comes the easy short construction hours is fantastic, necting wires between the components.
part -building the clock. Remember two especially when you first turn on the 18- or 20 -gauge wire works well. When
things here. First, the clock module fits power and see those big, bright num- soldering wires to the clock module, be
in the palm of your hand and is there- bers staring back at you. very careful. You must use a low -beat
fore a nice compact unit that can be Play It Safe. Now for safety's sake iron (25 -30 watts as recommended for
mounted in almost anything from a we have to get a few things straight. all integrated circuit projects). The pin
cabinet or workbench to a wall. Second, Remember that this unit is going to connections on the module are actually
if you choose not to use the alarm fea- be plugged in all day long, day after holes that the wires are placed into and
ture your project will have eight com- day, so be sure all your solder connec- then soldered. You can get to these
ponents and three switches, so your tions are good and be sure to use resis- holes from either the front or the back
construction time will be very short. But tors with the correct wattage rating so of the module, but you will probably

Mod -X Clock
"a" and "A" leads will be towards your
HEAT SINK El E3 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 hair and the "b" and "B" leads will be
toward your chin. Follow the schematic
when connecting these leads. Also, do
not forget to use a heat sink when
soldering to transistor Q1. Finally (im-
portant!) watch out for tricky S4. Most
DPDT switches, including the ones on
the parts list, are "backwards." When
the toggle is up, the bottom contacts are
engaged. So watch how you do the
wiring and labeling of the switch, or
you will be confused later on.
Testing. Your clock should work well
the first time you try it -so before you
plug it in go through the thing every-
"TRANSISTOR body hates: Check and double check
E7
(LED DRIVER)"j3 E9 E4 E5 E8 E6
your wiring. If the display fails to light,
you have probably forgotten to connect
Here's a detailed view of the Mod -X module enlarged 1.3 times actual size pin 3 on the clock module to pin 4. The
to show terminal points at module edge. Round black object in the middle is voltage (AC) between E6 and E8 on
the actual IC chip. the module should be about 15 volts.
The DC voltage reading between E8
find that the back is best because it have their primary leads marked a and (positive) and E7 (negative) should be
makes mounting of the module very b, and the secondary leads marked A about 5 volts. If these voltages are not
simple. Be sure to check the soldered and B. The leads are not actually correct, check out Ti and T2 to see if
connections. The solder balls should marked this way on the transformer they have AC output voltage coming
only be on their own connection itself, but I have designated them this from their secondaries when dis-
points and not short -circuited to any way for the project. As shown on the connected from the circuit. If the clock
printed circuit wires. schematic, if you look down on the top portion works but the buzzer will not
More on Construction. Note on the of the transformers, with primary to the sound, check E3 to see if the voltage at
schematic that transformers T1 and T2 left and secondary to the right, the
T T C T'
- 4 - D K r
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IN OM VAC
MIM N. AO CORO I ORIOIIr_Z.0
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s SECONDS DIVO AV
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ARUM Additional optional functions diagrammed
ROOM
at left in schematic are shown above con-
14 *Alf YOU SEIEtr
nected to the module.
H1 NAM J
oM. V
RAmoAND
MAMI
that point goes high relative to E7 when
the alarm is supposed to go off. Do not
ALARM
100E
CON1Rol
be tricked by the AM /PM capability of
this clock when checking the alarm. If
your clock is set to go off at 6:00 AM,
To do not expect it to go off at 6:00 PM
"ADIO
when testing it. Pay attention to the
Diagram above is one supplied by National Semiconductor showing optional fea- little AM /PM dot in the upper left
tures you can add if you want more functions -just by adding switches to circuit. corner.
Transformer is special, made for clock manufacturers. It's easy to replace this, as the
author has, with two small Radio Shack transformers. Transistor at bottom of dia-
National makes eight different modules
gram, with base connected to terminal El is used as switch, to turn external radio in the MA 1002A through E series. Be
On or Off. Diodes to its left are rectifiers for radio's power supply. sure you use only the one with "A"
when you're building this project.

POWER
ANTICTES
FROM
AC-BATI'E
by James A. Fred
Authentic- looking B battery for tube plates and filaments from the AC line.
It always "bugs" me to see an an- The combined power supply delivers From here on we will describe the sup-
tique radio receiver with an old pair of 3.3 volts regulated, for the filament of plies separately.
headphones or a horn speaker being a 199 tube, and 45 volts, Zener -diode For the combination supply full-wave
powered by a power supply in a gray regulated, for the B voltage. This supply bridge rectifiers, encased in plastic, are
hammertone box. Some collectors have powers a one -tube regenerative receiver, used. They are small, easily mounted,
built power supplies into a wooden an Ace model V manufactured by and have ratings in excess of what we
cabinet which is a copy of an old radio Powel Crosley. The other supply de- need. The Zener diodes are rated at
cabinet. Why not go one step further livers 221 volts and 45 volts. It is used one watt. This supply uses a phenolic
and use an actual B battery wrapper with a Clapp -Eastham regenerative re- board with terminals staked into place,
to enclose a power supply? ceiver, which has one 201A tube. A 6- with the components wired point -to-
With this idea in mind I built two volt storage battery supplies the fila- point. You can use any construction
power supplies, one a combined A & B ment power. you are familiar with, because parts
supply (A batteries power tube fila- Because you may not be able to find placement is certainly uncritical.
ments, and B batteries power the plate exactly the same batteries that I did I About the Zener. The other supply
circuits.) and two, ,ust a 221/2 and 45 will tell you how to build an electrical uses parts similar to the one described
volt DC supply. In order to keep the equivalent that you can put into a box above -full -wave bridge rectifier, large
supplies as small as possible I used the of your choice. filter capacitors, and Zener diodes to
wrappers from a Burgess 5308 (45 volts They're Designed This Way. Both regulate the output voltages.
tapped at 221/2 volts) 5 inches high by supplies start out alike with a line cord One word of caution, if you have
4 inches wide by 21/2 inches deep. I and a SPST slide switch. Next comes a never used Zener diodes before. Zener
had found three dead batteries in an transformer supplying 125 volts and 6.3 diodes come with tolerances of ±5%,
industrial plant where they had been volts AC at 0.6 amperes. If you are ±10 %, and ±20 %. This means that
used in a high resistance bridge. You building the combination supply use if you buy a 221/2 volt Zener the regu-
may have to modify your supply if you both windings, otherwise you will only lated voltage can vary by 10 %, 20 %,
can't find batteries of this size or larger. need the 125 -volt secondary winding. or 40 %. The prices vary inversely as
Author packed the

components for A and
B eliminators into old
B case this way. Pho-
to at top of page
shows one tube
Clapp -Eastham regen-
erative set with 6V
motocycle -A, and all-
electric-B batteries.
If you build only the B "battery" you'll

have plenty of room inside.

Power Antiques
the tolerance, i.e., ±5% Zeners are the RI R2
2000 2000 f
most expensive while ±20% are the 45VAC
cheapest. If you want the closest regula-
tion buy ±5% otherwise the output
voltages may vary considerably. 22 VDC
Take the usual precautions when
SI
soldering -use only rosin core solder, FI
and use a heat sink when soldering

semiconductors. As you can see from s
o à3VDC
the photographs, galavanized steel was
used because it is easily obtainable and
it doesn't show in the finished unit. Pop
rivets were used to hold the sheet metal
toegther because the heads do not pro-
ject like machine screws.
When the power supply is com- PARTS LIST FOR THE ALL- ELECTRIC
pleted use your voltmeter to measure B BATTERY
the output voltages before connecting
to your radio. A carefully -built power
supply will give you many hours of BR1- Bridge rectifier, 50 PIV R3 -Value depends on filament drain of
listening pleasure and will be well worth BR2- Bridge rectifier, 200 PIV tube(s) you power. Consult text to figure
the time and money invested. C1- 250 -uF, 75 -VDC electrolytic capacitor value.
(obtainable from local radio-TV parts dis- T-1 -120 VAC primary, 120 VAC, 15 mA and
Figuring Component Values. Here's tributor) 6.3 VAC, 0.6 A secondaries, power trans-
how to figure the size of current -limiting C2- 500-uF, 50-VDC electrolytic capacitor former (Stancor PS8415 or Allied Radio
resistors Rl, R2, and R3. (from parts distributor) number 705 -0034)
The secret of the Zener diode voltage - C3- 20,000 -uF, 20 -VDC electrolytic capacitor D1, 2 -25 VDC zener diodes (1N756 from
regulating circuit is the current -limiting (Allied Radio number 852 -0871) James Electronics, or equiv.)
resistor. To figure the size of this resis- Note: All capacitors in this circuit are ap- D3 -3.3 VDC zener diode (IN746 from James
tor you must know the voltage output proximate values. Any higher voltages Electronics, or equiv.)
of the bridge rectifier, the load current and/or higher capacitances are accept- Sl -SPST, 120 VAC switch
able, but may take up somewhat more Misc. -AC line cord, old B battery or other
.drawn from the power supply, and the space. case, wire, solder, brackets, etc.
voltage needed at the output of the Rl, 2- 2000-ohm, 3 -watt resistors (Allied Allied Electronics' address is 401 East 8th
supply. Connect the power supply to the Radio number 880-5334 or equiv.) Differ- St., Ft. Worth, TX 76102
line and measure the voltage at point X, ent value may be required according to James Electronics' address is 1021 Howard
with the balance of the circuit discon- tubes you power. Consult text on this page. St., San Carlos, CA 94070
nected. You choose the output voltage
yourself. Derive your chosen voltage
E
from the voltage measured at X. either the load draws the current or the R= ,or,
From a tube manual determine the Zener does. The Zener must always
load current your supply must deliver. have a current flow through it so we R1+ R2 equals E (volts) divided by
This is determined by the tubes in your allow 10% of the load current for the I (amperes). To determine the power
receiver. Remember, with a Zener diode Zener. To determine the resistance of rating of R1, 2, 3, use power equation.
R use Ohm's law, and divide the differ- P = 12R, Power (watts) equals current
ence between the load voltage and the (amperes) squared, times the resistance
voltage at X by 110% of the load cur- (ohms). To determine the power rating
rent. If you use two filter capacitors, of the Zener divide the voltage rating
as I did, divide R in half and you have by 10% of the load current. Then add
1
Rl and R2. (Continued on page 100)
Author tries to tune in

a station, apparently
unaware that the bat-
teries aren't hooked
up to his receiver!
Whether you build the A "battery" only,

or the A -and -B "battery," they'll look like
this if you can locate an old case.

C ó 113 111
Low -cost project charges inexpensive nickel- cadmium cells
to keep you on the air for pennies an hour.
by Herb Friedman W2ZLF
on the second or third recharge. can't hold a charge that long.

D If you're a typical user of one of Hold on, don't go running to the You Can Refrigerate 'Em. Speaking of
those high -power hand -held CB walkie
talkies rated between 3- and 5 -watts parts catalog to look up the price of car trunks, if you leave a hand -held
input, you know that batteries don't NiCads, you probably can't afford them CB set in the trunk and the temperature
come cheap. And if the cost of the at catalog prices. What you need is plunges down near freezing ordinary
batteries doesn't get you, their leakage a surplus dealer. You see, today every- penlight batteries aren't going to de-
will. Leave the power switch on over- one is in a hurry and most people can't liver much operating time. But NiCads
night by accident and it's a good bet by wait the usual overnight period to re- will still be going like gangbusters in
next morning the hand -held set will be charge NiCads -they demand a fast - cold weather long after standard bat-
dripping battery gook. charge battery. So hundreds of thou- teries are too pooped to pop.
But there is a way to beat the prob- sands of the overnight (or trickle Can your hand-held use NiCads?
lems of high battery upkeep and leak- charge) NiCads were dumped on the Simply look inside to tell. If your hand-
age, and also to insure maximum RF surplus market, and you can buy them held uses penlight (AA) size batteries
output at the same time. The answer? for as little as a buck a piece, no higher there is probably room for twelve cells
Switch to nickel- cadmium (NiCad) pen- than $1.50. And you get a tremendous though only ten are used; a filler takes
light batteries (AA size). Are they ex- advantage with the trickle- charge Ni- up the space of two cells. Since the
pensive? Not any more. A NiCad Cads: they hold their charge much standard ba:tery delivers voltage of 1.5,
should cost about the price of two longer than the fast -charge type. Charge
alkaline batteries, or even less, and the 'em up, stash the transceiver in the
T
NiCad can be recharged hundreds, pos- closet, or the trunk of your car, and a
sibly a thousand times. If you use a week or two later they will deliver al-
hand -held transceiver you'll break even most full power. Fast charge NiCads
LED JI RI TI
Bridge rectifier with low -cost diodes.
Inside view of author's

PARTS LIST FOR
prototype charger. Parts
CB- BATTERY CHARGER
layout is uncritical. Using
terminal strip lugs as
shown makes things se-
R1- 220 -ohm
T1 -24 -28 -VAC
/-watt resistor
power transformer rated 100
cure. Bridge rectifier can mA.
be made up from four BR1- Bridge rectifier, 50 PIV, 100 mA.
junk box diodes. 1101 -50 mA.
11 -Phono jack (Radio Shack 274.1575 or
equiv. Includes PLI, below.)
PLI-Phono plug (see 11, above)
P12 -Plug to match transceiver power input
receptacle
S1- Switch, SPST
Misc.- Cabinet, terminal strips, wire, solder,
etc.
SI BRIDGE
RECTIFIER
83
ten batteries equals a fresh power pack high discharge current could cause
of 15 VDC. But NiCads only deliver considerable damage. But the LED will
1.2 volts, so twelve batteries are re- burn up almost instantly, thereby open-
quired to produce 15 VDC. The two ing the circuit to the batteries.
"extra" NiCads fit in place of the The LED is the only critical com-
filler. So in order to use NiCads your ponent, in the sense you must be certain
set must provide room for twelve, rather it is rated for a maximum of at least
than ten cells. There must also be a 50 mA. We suggest a diffused LED be
jack on the side of the transceiver to used as its light can be seen from the
which a charger can be connected. If sides. If possible, use a Radio Shack
you have both these conditions (space 276 -026 for LED 1.
for twelve cells, and a charger jack) To mount the LED simply push it
you can use NiCads. The only excep- through a hole in the front panel of
tion to this rule is a few models which whatever you use for the cabinet. If
cannot accept NiCads because some you connect R1 between the LED and
NiCads are very slightly longer than a a terminal strip as shown in the photo-
standard penlight AA battery, or the graphs the LED will be held in posi-
CB set manufacturer did not allow for tion without need for glue or a lamp
the extra size even though he provided mounting kit. The cabinet can be plas-
a charger connection. Make certain Side view of author's CB transceiver shows tic or metal; the one shown in the
your hand -held set will accept NiCads two inputs, one for charging internally - photographs is Radio Shack 270 -252.
before you buy them. contained Nicad batteries. How To Connect It. The charger's
Really Low -Cost. Finally, you need a output is through phono jack J I rather
NiCad charger, and that's where you of discharge. From full- discharged to than a direct cable. In this way different
can spend real money, but really! One fully- charged the charging current is patch cords can be connected to ac-
of the top instrument companies charges always a safe 40 to 50mA. commodate the several styles of plugs
$30 for a NiCad charger you can build Use These Parts. Excepting the cabi- required for transceivers charging jacks.
for less than $8. They get this exorbi- net, if you select surplus components Just make certain you get the charger
tant price because they manufacture the whole thing will cost less than $8. plug polarity correct. Before PL2 is
one of the very few chargers that can If you buy all new, you'll run up un- wired, insert it in the transceiver's
handle all twelve batteries at the same necessary expense, which have no effect charging jack and measure the voltage
time. Most chargers handle only four to bearing on the performance. across the jack noting the plug's polar-
eight cells at a time, taking two to three Transformer T1 is 24 -to -28 VDC ity. Normally the shield is ground ( -)
days to recharge a complete set of at no less than 100 mA. It doesn't have and the tip (center conductor) is posi-
NiCads. If you can recharge all twelve to be more than 100 mA. Don't waste tive, but it can sometimes be the other
cells at once you plug it in in the your money on a high current filament way round. Make certain the charger's
evening, and you're ready to go the transformer. If you use a 28 -volt trans- positive output connects to PL2's posi-
following morning. former increase RI's value to 270 ohms. tive terminal. You can damage the
The diagram shows a simple but BR1 is a 50 PIV bridge rectifier rated NiCads badly if you get it reversed.
effective charger circuit that will handle 100 mA or better. Use the least expen- Note that most transceivers are dis-
up to twelve cells simultaneously. It sive type you can get. If you have four connected when the charger plug is
needs no regulation or control because discrete silicon diodes lying about sim- inserted, so don't expect to operate
it trickle -charges any type of NiCad. ply connect them as the bridge circuit. the transceiver while charging the bat-
You can even leave it plugged in con- LED 1 serves as both a pilot light teries.
tinuously without fear of damage to the and Charge indicator. If the LED Using The Charger. Resistor RI
cells, thereby insuring the NiCads are doesn't light the batteries aren't being limits the charger's output to 40-50 mA
always in a state of full charge. The charged. The LED also serves as' a even if the output jack is shorted, so
charging current is 40 to 50mA regard- fuse. If the rectifier and R1 short the charger can be used with hand -held
less of the number of cells (in case out the NiCads will attempt to dis- transceivers that use ten, rather than
some become defective), or their state charge through the diodes and the the usual twelve NiCad batteries. Re-
gardless of the number of batteries the
charging current remains a safe 40 to
50 mA. Normally 14 to 16 hours will
be required for a full charge, so this
can be done overnight. If you want the
batteries maintained fully charged and
Completed charger chassis shows ready for use at any time you can keep
neat layout of parts. Note knot in AC them on continuous -trickle charge.
power cord just to the left (inside) The only caution is not to try and
of the rubber pass- through grom- charge two or more hand -helds at the
met in the chassis. Knot prevents same time. Don't make up a "Y"
power cord from pulling through adaptor that connects two or more
grommet accidentally. hand -held battery packs in parallel be-
cause one pack will discharge into the
other, and if there is a weak cell in
one pack the other pack will discharge
with excessive output current. Charge
only one set at a time.

Hobby Electronics
Newsletter
ELECTRONICS FOR EVERYONE. At one time the term "electronic hobbyist" referred to individuals with
specific interests in subjects primarily related to the field of electronics. The amateur radio
operator, the general- electronic experimenter, the high fidelity enthusiast who builds his own receiver
and amplifier, these are the ones most persons think of when the term "electronics" is used. Perhaps
these were the ones who had a working knowledge of electronics in days gone by, but this is 1977, the
age of the multi- function integrated circuit, the computer -on -a -chip, the shirt -pocket calculator, the
combination cash register /credit card system /inventory terminal of the department and discount stores:
Electronics reaches out and touches, influences or controls most of everyone's activities from morning
in
to night, and nowhere is the influence of that magic thing termed "electronics" more evident than
hobbies- almost any kind of hobby.
STAMPS AREN'T ELECTRONIC. In almost any discussion concerning the electronic explosion someone is
certain to claim you don't need electronics for everything; certainly not for collecting stamps and
coins. In actual fact even the stamp and coin hobbies use some type of electronic system to increase
the enjoyment derived by philatelists (stamp collectors) and numismatists (coin collectors).
Electronic color comparators can sense a difference in the color shadings of stamps impossible for the
human eye to detect, while microscopic implosions caused by ultrasonic sound waves are used to clean
coins without damage to, or microscopic removal of, the coin metal -- only the dirt goes.
THE UNIVERSAL HOBBY. In a sense "electronics" has become the universal hobby, actually the central
theme or aspect of many hobbies, in contrast to a peripheral effect as in stamp and coin collecting.
An overview of some of the hobbies and interests that utilize electronics might give you fresh ideas for
old interests and new directions for hobbies which simply didn't exist a few short years ago.
COMMUNICATIONS. The term "communications" means many things to many people. It can mean newspapers,
verbal information exchange between an advertising executive and his account or client, a "phone
phreak" making a telephone call to his next door neighbor by routing his voice around the world via
cable and satellite, even a catcher wiggling two fingers to his pitcher when he wants a change -up (one
finger is always the fast ball); but to us in electronics communications means amateur radio, CB
(Citizens Band), SWLing (shortwave listening) and personal computers -- four of the most exciting
hobbies just about anyone can get into.
AMATEUR RADIO. Though the old image of the ham down in the basement surrounded by racks of equipment,
pounding away at a telepgraph key, has been replaced by the ham sitting in front of a commercial
transceiver in his living room holding a microphone, there are still the "brass pounders" who insist on
building everything they use just as there are hams who use only store -bought equipment because their
primary interest in amateur radio is to simply talk with new and old friends, much in the manner of the
average CB operator. In between the basement brass pounder and the "communicator" is virtually every
experimental interest possible in electronics -- all made possible by a small square of paper we call
an "amateur radio license." Interested in radio -teleprinter operation (RTTY)? It's possible with a ham
license. Got the itch to own your own experimental TV station? Again, the ham licence is your permit to
use the airwaves. Want to bounce signals off the moon? Hams have been doing it for years. Or maybe
you would like to be able to make telephone calls from your car without giving Ma Bell a week's wages
once a month for the privilege; you can usually do it for little more than the cost of a local telephone
call if you're a ham using 2 -meter FM and your club is running a repeater with an autopatch, a device
that permits you to dial directly into the telephone lines from your mobile transceiver, or hand -held
(what we now call a walkie- talkie). Repeaters with and without autopatch are also run by ham clubs on
the 220 and 450 MHz bands for the UHF experimenters.
UNFAMILIAR WITH REPEATERS? They are receiver /high power transmitters installed on high points by local
ham clubs in virtually every moderate size city across the country. They pick up the weak signals
from mobile transmitters and even 1 -watt hand -helds and rebroadcast the signals for up to 50 miles.
Next time you see a civilian with a hand -held hanging from his belt figure it's a ham with
communications to the phone, home, and other hams through a local repeater.
WORLD WIDE COMMUNICATIONS. Of course, amateur radio offers the chance to talk with hams in almost every
country 'round the world. For thousands and thousands of hams the chance to find out how the rest of
the world lives, works and plays is the most important facet of amateur radio. But without that little
slip of paper with your name and call letters you can do no on- the -air experiments and no DX
communications.
CB IS A HOBBY. It didn't start out that way and many still won't acknowledge the fact, but the majority
of CBers are hobbyists, using the Citizens Band much in the same manner as radio amateurs use the UHF
HOBBY ELECTRONICS 1977 85

ham bands such as 2- meters. The major difference between the ham and CBer is that the CBer is a
"communicator," usually interested primarily in talking to, and meeting with, other people. Except for
antennas there is virtually no experimental or build - your -own aspect to CB because the Federal
Communications Commission does not permit anyone but a person holding a first or second class
commercial license to work on the transmitter section of a CB transceiver. Nor does the FCC permit
modification to type- accepted transceivers. But CBers have done outstanding work in getting antennas
to push the signal out an etxra mile, and yet another extra mile, and today CB signals are broadcast and
CB contacts worked over distances undreamed of back when CB started.
In the main however, most CBers are "communicators." To join in the CB fun all you need is a
transceiver and an antenna. You screw two connectors together and the rig is ready to go on the air.
It's that easy. Power? Oh yes. Either splice into the hot wires under your car's dashboard, tap the
fuseblock, or plug into the cigarette lighter. For those who like a little build -ityourself adventure
or electronic experimentation the CB parts stores usually stock racks of antenna parts (so you can
almost design and construct a custom antenna system, power microphones, noise and hash filters,
general accessory electronic hardware, and of course, the measuring equipment such as SPUR and field
strength meters to help get everything working at peak efficiency.
SHORTWAVE LISTENING. To the shortwave listener, or SWL as he or she is known, listening to foreign
broadcasts, ships at sea, airplanes, radiotelephone, police and fire services, and even military units
on maneuvers or in action is the next best things to eavesdropping on the whole world. Using anything
from a transistor radio that can receive stations from South America at night, to sophisticated
scanners that sweep all local police and fire frequencies until a "call" is sensed, the SWL shares in the
daily life and high adventure in other places and in other people's lives. Most SWLs use the so- called
"shortwave receiver" which tunes from about the bottom of the American broadcast band to 30 MHz.
This range of frequencies takes in American and some foreign standard broadcasting stations, ships at
sea, overseas press, radioteleprinters, some of the popular amateur radio bands, military frequencies
(particularly of those cockamamie postage -stamp size "emerging nations" that are always at war with
someone) and most important the foreign broadcasts beamed especially at the U.S. For example, you can
get the latest news from Europe edited for the U.S. via the BBC transmitters, or the rantings, ravings
and twisted lies of Radio Moscow in idiomatic American English. Fact is, some of the Radio Moscow
announcers are so highly trained it sounds via shortwave as if they were born and raised in the
American or Canadian midwest.
POLICE, FIRE, RESCUE, and the other land -mobile radio services can be heard with a VHF -UHF FM receiver
that covers the special bands reserved for these services between 30 and 450 MHz. For specific
services, such as the local police and fire departments, a receiver that uses crystals for each channel
is adequate. For the SWL who wants coverage of all frequencies and services there are digital receivers
that can be user programmed for any of the public service frequencies. To help find local stations
several directories are available which list "emergency frequencies" by state, city, county and town.
SPECIAL SWL EQUIPMENT is generally home -built, such as antenna tuners to snatch the weakest of signals
from the airwaves, directional antenna arrays for the DXer who brings in TV stations from hundreds of
miles over the horizon, and frequency calibrators that permit a general coverage receiver to be set
precisely to a desired station's frequency, even if the station isn't sending a signal. But if you
have no skill at electronic construction these very same items are available commercially made, so
those who are interested in listening rather than building can have hassle -free SWLing.
PERSONAL COMPUTERS. Imagine a full computer not much larger than a portable typewriter that you can
talk to in plain English. Imagine, also, the same computer talking back to you in English. Sound
like science fiction? Not so. Personal computing is the hottest thing going in hobbyist electronics.
For less than the cost of a decent -- not the best -- high fidelity system, or the cost of a color TV,
computer phreaks are installing microcomputers in their home that do as much, if not more, than many
giant computer installations of a few years ago. These personal computers come in many different
configurations, from small boards capable of playing a few games to typewriter size jobs that can
handle extended BASIC language that works math problems involving the trignometric functions such as
sine, tangent, etc. Computer hobbyists even build small terminals that use their TV set for the
readout, or they feed small terminals via the phone lines into a time -share computer service.
For those more interested in the software end -- the actual programming and use -- complete hobby
terminals and computers are available both kit and wired at hobbyist prices. Since personal computing
is an entirely new field there's not much readily available in the way of articles for the beginner- -
most articles are for the engineering student or graduate - -but how -to articles specially intended for
the electronic hobbyist and beginner can be found in ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS magazine.
ELECTRONIC CONTROLS TAKING OVER. If you're a photographer you've probably noticed that many modern 35 mm
cameras have electronic -controlled light meters and shutters. You can also go a step further and use
simple -to -build hobby projects to determine exposure and filtering when making color prints, or make
your own black and white enlarging meter for about 25 percent of the cost of, a commercial meter. For the
model railroader there are hobby electronic speed controllers that provide exact -scale motion for the
engines and switching, while the model airplane and boat hobbyist can build digital control kits that
provide the exact motions of real planes and ships.
IN SHORT, in today's world, electronics affects so many things that maximum enjoyment from almost
every hobby or interest is enhanced by hobby electronics.
WE HOPE YOU HAVE enjoyed this special introductory issue of HOBBY ELECTRONICS. Li
86 HOBBY ELECTRONICS 1977

SF'
BUILD
T--
J ri
N
H,
SPEED ' --) `
MOTOR CONTROL
Beginner's project that provides choice of speeds
for electric drill and other AC devices.
by the Electronic Assembly Class
Central High School, Bridgeport, Connecticut
(] We have all become conditioned to a feature not previously seen on a the starter.
expect rapid transportation via fast control of this kind. Any number of switch positions may
cars, streamlined trains and supersonic How It Works. The heart of these be incorporated. One prototype of ours
jets. We've learned to expect instant units, a silicon controlled rectifier had ten. Whether you opt for three.
. .. cash, credit, headache and stomach (SCR) is a four -layer device whose
relief, rebates, replays and foods. No construction is shown in the diagram.
wonder we seldom think of speed in Alternate half -cycles provide the for-
terms of anything less than maximum. ward bias to cause the conduction,
'Twould seem practically un- American. which occurs when the gate is proper-
However, those of us who have to ly triggered. The RC time constant, pro-
work with non -ferrous metals, with vided by the resistance and the capacit-
plastics, or hard woods, find it impor- ance controls the rate of charge of Cl.
tant to get intermediate ranges of Here's how the circuit acts.
speed (rpm) with portable electric drill- Cl will discharge through I1 when
ing equipment. The Select -A -Speed mo- the charge on Cl is equal to the ioniz- P
N---- N
---- P
tor controls described here accomplish ing potential of Il, thus providing the
this goal. The smaller model continu- gate with a signal. Once triggered, con-
ously varies the rpm of portable 1/47 duction is sustained until the negative
inch electric drill motors, and the larger half -cycle reverse -biases the SCR at
unit provides incremental speed which time conduction ceases until the
changes using a switching arrangement, cycle is repeated. As more resistance is
introduced the RC time constant is in-
creased. The resulting increased phase
shift further delays the time at which
the gate is triggered. This causes the
SCR to conduct for less time, and the
available load power is thus diminished.
Can Control Many Devices. This
versatile unit also functions well as a
temperature- control device for pencil -
type soldering irons, and also regulates
the intensity of conventional desk lamps
as well as photo -floods.
In addition it works well to control
the speed of electric sewing machines
and other small motor -driven hand
tools. However, you must not try to Silicon-controlled rectifier is a four-layered
device. Simplification is shown at top. Gate
use it to control devices which have voltage cuts off current between cathode
transformers in them, such as soldering (left) and anode (right). At bottom is a
guns (pencils are OK), high intensity schematic diagram showing the SCR acts as
lights, etc. Of course it won't work at though it were two transistors, an NPN and
View inside speed control which is con all with fluorescent lights, because low- a PNP, together. Positive voltage on gate (of
tinuously variable. Node SCR heat sink. er voltage won't be sufficient to work NPN) causes that "transistor" to conduct.

steal harm to one's person. to meet our particular needs. Incident-
SELECT-A- SPEED The resistors may be of any wattage
and their ohmic resistance figured on
ally, we noted no appreciable difference
in speed between conditions of load
the basis of the speeds most useful to and no load.
four . or ten, the option merits
. . you. We actually found the resistor A photograph of the waveforms
consideration. Having this choice elim- values for optimum operation by using was taken across the load with the
inates sharpening drill hits so frequent- a resistance substitution box. SCR as the controlling device. The
ly as would be required without speed Parts placement is not critical. The SCR was apparently conducting during
selection. Utilizing top high a speed for controlling SCR should definitely be 90 degrees.
a given material is similar to "running heat -sinked. Be sure that the SCR is The industrial electronics class of the
in place" neither gets you any-
. . . electrically insulated from the sink or Career Education Department of
place; both are dulling! Operating at chassis. It is necessary to use silicone Bridgeport Central High School work-
speeds less than those recommended grease to insure proper heat transfer. ed on this project. Special credit is due
tends to cause breakage and invite phy- Don't exceed the wattage rating of the Anthony D'Andrea, Torcato Caldas,
SCR! Brad Hechler, and Chris Shamiss. Class
All switches used in our prototype instructor, under whose supervision this
models were bought through a source project was completed, is Edward M.
of surplus supplies. Each was modified Allen.
OUTPUT
SI LOAD SOCKET
FI
A
II RI
1800 SCRI
PILOT
LAMI- C
117 VAC NEON W/ I J
SI BUILTIN R2 R3 R4
II I
RESISTOR L 5600 IOK I8K

MOUNTING
STRIP
OUTPUT RECEPTACLE
AND POWER SWITCH SI
SOCKET _J o FAST
SLOW
View inside 4 -speed control shows push- S2

button switch at top. Similar to fan controls. CI ÜNE2
T0 15 200V I2
CONTINUOUS CONTROL
4700 RI
500K ANODE
R2
Variable -speed unit uses potentiometer for

smooth, continuous control.
PARTS LIST FOR 4 -SPEED CONTROL
C1 -0.1 to 0.2 -uF, 200-V DC (or better) -part of 11, above

S1
capacitor S2- 4- position pushbutton switch, heavy
Il- Indicator light, neon, with resistor built duty electrical (l0A or better). From elec-
into holder, 117 VAC trical or hardware store (similar to switch-
11- Outlet socket and toggle switch, duplex es used on large fans, blenders, etc.)
unit, 117 VAC (from electrical or hard- Misc.- Aluminum utility box, 6 -in. x 3- or
ware store). 4 -in. x 2 -in. or more
al-Silicon-controlled rectifier, 200 VDC or
PARTS LIST FOR CONTINUOUSLY -
better, 8A (Motorola HEP -R1243 or equiv.)
VARIABLE CONTROL
R1-1800 ohm, 1/4- or 1/2-watt resistor Substitute the following parts in the 4 -speed
R2- 5,600 -ohm, 1/i- or 1/2-watt resistor
control list above:
R3- 10,000 -ohm, 1/4- or 1/2-watt resistor R1- 4700 -ohm, Va- or 1/2 -watt resistor
R4- 1$,000 or 20,000 -ohm, 1/4- or 1/2 -watt re- R2- 50,000 -ohm potentiometer, linear taper
Oscilloscope screen shows portion of AC
sistor Note: omit R3 and R4.
sine wave during which SCR permits current
to flow (cross- hatched parts).

Darkroom Color Analyzer
by Herb Friedman
It's easy to make quality, bright color prints at home with

modern color chemistry and this electronic color analyzer!
ONE OF THE SHUTTERBUG'S most sat - black and white (about 3 minutes), and exposure time at the very first crack.
isfying accomplishments is pro- the prints will be far superior to any- Most often, the very first print made
ducing his own color prints. For thing you're likely to get from a color with the analyzer will be good. At most,
years the time spent on and the cost of lab. it will take perhaps 0.10 or 0.20 change
making color prints were discouraging, One thing that takes the drudgery of filtration for a superb print. This is
but with modern color chemistry, such out of color work- besides the chem- a lot less expensive and time- consum-
as the Beseler system, you can turn out istry-is a color analyzer, a device that ing than making test print after test
quality color prints in less time than for gives you the correct filter pack and print. In fact, it's really the color an-
alyzer that puts the fun into making
Any one of the your own color prints!
primary colors on Color Analyzers Are Not Cheap.
RED
this circle is A decent one costs well over $100, and
ADDITIVE PRIMARY composed of its
a good one runs well over $200. But if
immediately
adjacent colors in you've got even a half -filled junk box
equal amounts. you can make your, own color analyzer
YELLOW Each primarycolor for just the junk parts and perhaps $10
MAGENTA
SUBTRACTIVE SUBTRACTIVE is also comple- to $15 worth of new components.
PRIMARY mentary to the
PRIMARY A color analyzer is basically a minia-
color directly ture computer. You make a "perfect"
across the center print the hard way -by trial and error
of the circle.
Complementary -and then calibrate the analyzer to your
colors added filter pack and exposure time. As long
together form as you use the same box of paper and
GREEN neutral densities. similar negatives, all you need to do to
BLUE ADDITIVE It is the balancing
ADDITIVE PRIMARY make a good color print is focus the
of additive primary
PRIMARY
colors of photo-
negative, adjust the filter pack and ex-
graphic light posure so the analyzer reads "zero," and
sources and sub- hit the enlarger's timer switch. Even if
CYAN tractive -type color you switch to a completely different
SUBTRACTIVE PRIMARY
filters that provides type of negative, the analyzer will put
control in color you well inside the ballpark, so your
print photography. second print is a winner. (And even if

a catastrophe. The printed circuit half-minidip removal might result in de-
COLOR ANALYZER board template has foils for both incan- struction of the PC board. We'll explain
descent and neon meter lamps, as well 'how to install the TO -S IC on the PC
the filtration is off, the exposure will as extra terminals so you can use either board later.
probably be right on the nose.) a socket and plug or hard wiring for You can either buy or make the
Construction. The color analyzer the color comparator and exposure sen- printed circuit board (see parts list).
shown was specifically designed for the sor. In short, you can make a lot of Either way, the first step is to prepare
readers of this magazine -essentially an changes to suit your individual needs. the printed circuit board. If you do it
electronics hobbyist with an interest in The template for ICI uses a half - yourself, make it any way you like,
photography. All components are read- minidip, Signetics V -type package lead using free -hand or template resist. Noth-
ily available in local parts stores or as arrangement. However, you can also ing is critical, but be certain there are
junk box parts. Several protection de- use an IC with a round (TO -5) con- no copper shorts between the terminals
vices have been designed into the cir- figuration. If anything is wrong with the for ICI. Use a #56 bit for all holes.
cuit so accidental shorts won't produce IC you can get the TO-5 out easily. The Then use a larger bit for transformer
TI's mounting screws ( #4 or #6
screws), a /4 -in. bit for resistor R6,
1
and a #30 to 40 bit for the linecord

connections (any bit that will allow
the linecord wires to pass through the
board).
Assemble the power supply and check
it out before any other components are
installed. Install transformer TI first.
Any 24 -volt or 25.2 -volt center- tapped
transformer that will fit on the board
will be fine. Get something small, like
100 milliamperes. A Wescom 81PK -100
is a perfect fit.
Bridge rectifier BR is the low cost
1
"surplus" found in many distributors.

This type has the positive and negative
outputs at opposite ends of a diamond.
The AC connections are the remaining
opposite ends. Note that BR1 is in-
stalled in such a manner that its negative
output is farthest from transformer T1
while the positive output is nearest to
T1. Make certain your bridge rectifier
has the same lead configuration; if it is
different, modify the printed circuit tem-
plate to conform to the rectifier you're
using. Get it right the first time.
Finally, install Cl and C2, R7 and
PARTS LIST FOR COLOR ANALYZER R8, and zener diodes D1 and D2. Take
N1- 50 -PIV, 0.5 -amp or higher silicon bridge (Note: you can also use two less expensive care that the capacitors and zener
rectifier 12 -volt transformers with secondary windings diodes are installed with the polarity
el, C2- 500 -uF, 10 -VDC or better electrolytic connected in series- aiding, if you have the correct. If the capacitors have their
capacitor space.) negative leads marked with an arrow or
I1, D2 -6.2 -volt,1 -watt zener diode
line, these markings face the opposite
IC1 -type 741C operational amplifier, see text The printed circuit board for the Color Analyzer
is available direct from Electronics Hobby Shop,
edges of the PC board (negative to the
11 -5 -pin socket, DIN -type (optional, see text)
Box 192, Brooklyn, NY 11235 for only $5.50. US outside). The zener diodes are installed
M1 -0 to 1 -mA DC meter, see text
orders add $1.50 for postage and handling; so that their cathodes (the banded ends)
P1 -5 -pin plug, DIN-type (optional, see text)
PC1, PC2- Clairex CL5M5L photocell, de not Canadian orders add $3.00. No foreign orders, face each other towards the center of
substitute please. Postal money orders will speed delivery; the board.
Rt- 10,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor otherwise allow 6-8 weeks for delivery. Initial PC Checkout. When the power
R2, R3 -1- megohm potentiometer, see text If you cannot obtain the Clairex Type CL5M5L supply is completed, temporarily con-
photocell locally, write to Electronics Hobby
14- 500,000-ohm potentiometer, see text nect a linecord. Connect the negative
R5- 100,000 -ohm potentiometer, see text Shop at the above address, enclosing $3.50 for
lead of a meter rated 10 volts DC or
each photocell. U.S. orders add $1.50 for post-
N- 10,000 -ohm trimmer potentiometer (Mallory
age and handling. Canadian order add $3.00. No
higher to the foil between Ti's mount-
MTC -14L4 for exact fit on PC board)
foreign orders, please. New York State residents ing screws (that's ground). Connect the
17, RI-820-ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
add sales tax. Postal money orders speed de- meter's positive lead to the junction of
11- 100,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor
livery; otherwise allow 6 -8 weeks for delivery. R7 and D1, which is in the center of
11 -2 -pole, 4- position rotary switch (Allied Elec-
tronics 747 -2003; adjust stops for 4 positions) Misc.-- cabinet, pilot lamp tor meter, 2 -in. or the board; the meter should indicate ap-
12-spst switch 3 -in. size Kodak Wratten filters #70, #f98, and proximately +6.2 volts DC. Then con-
T1 -117 -volt primary, 24 to 26.6 -volt secondary #99 (available from photo supply dealers), nect the positive meter lead to the R8
transformer, see text for point -to -point wiring calibrated knobs, wire, solder, hardware, etc. and D2 junction, which is near the edge
of the board. You should get approxi-
mately -6.2 volts DC. If the voltages
!0 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977

If you use a neon pilot lamp mount it
directly above the meter and shield the
- 3/4 IN - forward brilliance with a piece of black
tape; the lamp should radiate straight
NO 27 DRILL
GRILL FOR
down onto the meter scale. If you use
:0" N06 SCREW BEND the meter in the parts list, remove the
front cover by pulling it forward. Then
remove the meter scale. As shown in
SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW the photographs, place a black dot ap-
51/4-IN
(BEFORE proximately 3/16-inch wide at the cen-
BENDING)
ter of the scale. If you want, you can
also modify the meter for the incandes-
cent lamp. Drill a 1/4-inch hole in the
-BEND lower right of the meter from the rear.
DRILL
1/2 IN Position the meter in the cabinet and
HOLE mark the location of the meter hole on
o- 1/2-IN ID
the panel. Remove the meter and drill
a 3/4-inch hole in the panel. When the
meter is installed you can pass a "grain
The colo comparator photocell Z- bracket is installed of wheat" lamp through the panel into
under a light integrator. If your enlarger has a filter holder the meter. Reassemble the meter and
ender the lens, attach the Z- bracket to the holder. complete assembly.
The Comparator. The photocells
are far apart in value, or if the polarity towards the nearest edge of the PC used for the comparator and exposure
is wrong, make certain you find the board. Solder IC I and cut off the excess sensor, Pl and P2, must be Clairex type
mistake before installing ICI. lead length. CL5M5L. Make no substitutions. From
Disconnect the linecord and complete The edge of the PC board nearest a piece of scrap aluminum 3/4 to 1 inch
the PC assembly. If you usa a 24 or 28- ICI has four sets of paired foil termi- wide, fashion a Z- bracket to the di-
volt pilot lamp to illuminate the meter nals. These are provided as mounting mensions shown. Drill a 1/2 -inch hole
you connect to the holes adjacent to terminals if you connect the photocell close to the end of the longer Z -leg.
Ti's secondary (24 -V) leads. If you comparator and sensor without the use Fasten the other end of the Z -leg to
plan to use a neon illuminator, install a of a plug and jack. However, we strong- your enlarger's under -lens filter holder.
100,000 -ohm resistor (R91 on the PC ly suggest the use of the specified DIN - If your enlarger does not have a filter
board and connect the lamp to the holes type connectors as they allow for easy
marked "neon." The lamp must have repairs if the connecting wires break. BRI C2 R8 D2 ICI RI
as little illumination as possible. Incan- (The connectors aren't that costly).
descent 24 or 28 -volt lamps must be Potentiometers R2 through R5 can
the miniature or "grain of wheat" type be linear or audio taper, though audio
rated approximately 30 to 60 mA; the taper gives a slightly smoother adjust-
lamps come with attached leads. Do ment; use whatever you have in stock.
not use pilot lamps of the 100 to 500 The analyzer shown is built in a Bud
mA variety. The excessive light will 7 -inch AC -1613 Universal Sloping
confuse the analyzer. Cabinet. This is the least critical item
To install ICI when it is the metal and you can substitute whatever cabi-
can TO5 type, fan out the #1 to 4 leads net you prefer. Just be certain the cabi-
and #5 to 8 leads so they form two net will accommodate the type of meter Ti Cl R7 Dl R6
straight lines. Note that the lead oppo- you use. This is the parts location when our PC
site the tab on a TO5 package is #8. Meter MI should be O -1 mA with a board is used. To get a free template of
Insert the leads into the board leaving- zero -center scale. But these are expen- the PC board, send a Self-Addressed
about 1/4 inch between the IC and the sive, so you can substitute any standard Stamped Envelope to: Davis Publications,
board. The IC is correctly installed if 1 -mA meter you want. You will simply Dept. T, 229 Park Ave. South, New York,
NY 10003.
the tab faces away from the transformer calibrate the instrument for zero -center.
PHOTOCELL EPDXY
3/16 -IN
HOL E
FOR O CUT
WIRE
112 IN
The exposure sensor photocell is mounted in anything that will keep it in place on
the easel. This example was epoxy- cemented into a large control knob after the outside
dial section was ground off. In typical operation, the sensor is placed under the
Rear view of author's color analyzer shows
lens with the light integrator or filters.
vertical mounting of the circuit board.

COLOR ANALYZER the switch and the control "C" for cyan.
(We suggest you paint the cyan knob
insert a blue -green. Also paint the other
holder, or if it has a permanent swing- knobs the appropriate color.) Advance
away red filter under the lens, mount a SI one position clockwise, find the cor-
Paterson swing -away light integrator rect knob and label both "M" for ma-
(available from local photo shops) un- genta. Advance the switch another posi-
der the lens. Fasten the short leg of the tion clockwise, find the knob and label
Z- bracket to the integrator -which has both "Y" for yellow. The last switch
pre -drilled holes -so that the 'Oz -inch position and knob is labeled "W" for
hole is on the optical center of white (white light exposure). Make cer-
the lens. Then cement photocell P2 tain the C, M, and Y controls are read-
Close -up of meter face showing a small

TO Slob TO 24V scale -illumination lamp in lower right
WIPERS PANEL LAMP PRIMARY 117 VAC corner. This lamp should not be operated
at full voltage to avoid fogging the film.
o dark or very low light ) This is normal
.
and there will be no damage to the

circuit or the meter. (Note: If you use
S2
a zero -center meter the pointer will
barely pin on both sides.)
Install the Z-bracket under the lens.
T1 If your enlarger uses a filter holder un-
NE2
der the lens insert a diffusion screen or
glass, or a Beseler Light Integrator or
similar ground glass in the filter holder.
COLOR COMPUTER (GROUND) You are now ready to make color
o prints.
The first thing you need to make
TI fine quality color prints is a high speed
DRILL OUT SECONDARY (OPTIONAL) chemistry, such as the two -step Beseler
There are few parts on the PC board and nothing is critical. Modify the board system which can produce a finished
if you wish. Trimmer potentiometer R6 should be a flat mount, so it can print in two minutes. The second item
be adjusted through a hole in the cabinet. you need is the electronic color analyzer
for which we've already given you the
plans.
in the hole and attach the connecting ing P2, the color comparator mounted Color Variables. Color materials
wires; these can be extra -thin zip cord under the enlarger lens. such as the negative, printing paper, en-
such as used for short- length speaker Set S1 to any position, set all other larger lamp, and even color correction
connections. (This whole bit reads a lot controls to their mid -position, and turn filters vary in their sensitivity to light
more complicated than it is. Use the on bright room lights. If the meter pins colors from batch to batch, roll to roll,
photographs as a guide.) out or approaches full scale deflection, and time to time. Even the enlarger's
Photocell P1, which measures the ex- adjust trimmer control R6 so the meter optical system can have a color cast.
posure light, can be mounted in any- pointer just pins (don't be afraid to For this reason it is generally impossible
thing heavy enough to hold it in place pin the meter). Depending on the to place a negative in your enlarger,
on the easel. The photographs show the amount of light the meter pointer will expose the paper, and develop a good -
photocell epoxy-cemented in an over- pin right (for bright light) and left (for let alone decent -color print.
size control knob.
When the complete analyzer is as-
sembled, attach oversize calibrated
knobs such as the Calectro E2 -715 to
R2 through R5. The knob calibrations
are important so they should run out to
the very edge of the knob skirt. If the
calibrations don't run to the edge you
won't be able to preset the controls with To avoid upsetting a control
any reasonable degree of accuracy. setting while groping for the
Place a fine line or other indicator di- on -off switch in the dark-
room, mount switch 52 as far
rectly above each knob.
as possible from the controls.
Checkout. Connect the photocells to
the control unit and apply power. Don't
worry if the meter pins at either end of
the scale. Set switch Si to the extreme
clockwise position and adjust R2
through R5 until you find the control
that changes the meter reading. Mark

The subtractive printing procedure is filter (Kodak Wratten No. 99), switch
particularly well adapted for use with a the analyzer to MAGENTA and adjust the
color analyzer, is the easiest method for magenta control for a null meter read-
the amateur, and is exceptionally fast - ing. Remove the green filter, install a
handling, so the illustrations to follow red filter (Kodak Wratten No. 70),
Provides a wealth of will refer to the subtractive system. switch the analyzer to CYAN and adjust
worthwhile info for An electronic color analyzer basically the cyan control for a null meter read-
photographers inter- ing (the color controls yellow, magenta,
consists of a photocell (vacuum tube
ested in the color print
available photomultiplier or photoresistor) posi- and cyan refer to the color of the sub-
techniques
from Kodak or your tioned under the lens, blue, green, and tractive filters in the filter pack). Fi-
photo dealer. Their red filters mechanically positioned over nally, remove all filters from under the
publication No. E -66. the photocell (or positioned over the lens, switch the analyzer to WHITE and
cell by hand) and a meter that indicates adjust the white control (exposure con-
One way we can correct for these the amount of light falling on the cell. trol) for a null meter reading.
variables is through an additive ex- The meter is connected to the photocell (The color analyzer in this project
posure, exposing the paper through through independent potentiometers as uses a separate photocell for the ex-
blue, green, and red filters for differing shown in the figure. Color analyzer posure. If you look at the easel you'll
lengths of time. Since blue, green, and readings will be accurate for most nega-
red create all the colors in additive tives and lighting situations as long as
printing, any correction can be obtained the same box of printing paper is used.
by controlling the precise timing of each The system needs to be recalibrated
exposure. The additive system is a pain only when the printing paper is changed
in the neck for the hobbyist, for the (so purchase boxes of at least 100
slightest desired change in the color sheets to avoid extra work).
rendition or saturation (exposure) can The first step is to make a really fine
involve changes in the exposure through print from a decent negative. You can
all three filters. do it the hard way, one print at a time,
A printing system that's easier to use or use a Beseler Subtractive Calculator
and more favored by hobbyists is the which puts you inside the ball park on
subtractive exposure. A single filter pack the first try. When you have made a
made up of two of the filters known as print with satisfactory flesh tones and
YELLOW, MAGENTA, and CYAN makes color saturation don't disturb the en-
larger or timer controls. Modern color print chemistry techniques
all the color corrections at the same
from Beseler include this subtractive color
time. This filter pack is placed between To Continue. . . . Place the color
calculator to aid filter selection.
the enlarger lamp and the negative; vir- analyzer's probe on the easel or swing
tually all modern enlargers have a draw- it under the lens (if it is mounted on see a shadow cast by the Z- bracket
er in the lamphouse to accommodate the enlarger). Install a light integrator - holding the color comparator cell. Posi-
a filter pack. A single exposure through which is nothing more than a piece of tion the exposure cell on the easel so it
the filter pack is all that's required to ground glass or its equal -under the is just off the edge of the shadow. If
make a color print. Some of the more lens, between the lens and the analyz- you prefer, you can place several thick-
expensive enlargers have what is termed er's probe. The light integrator scram- nesses of opaque paper over the color
a "dichroic head" with variable filters bles the picture into a diffused "white comparator cell and use it for the
as part of the light system; the exact light" which contains all the color white measurement, though we suggest
value of filtration is simply dialed by elements of your negatives and you use the separate cell.)
the user. Again, all the color correction the filter pack. Place a blue filter When all the controls are adjusted
is provided at one time by the dichroic (Kodak Wratten No. 98) on top of the you have programmed the color char-
head so only a single exposure is light integrator. (Note that most hobby- acteristics and exposure of your "refer-
needed. ist analyzers have a selector switch that ence" print into the analyzer, and you
More Into. A full and complete treat- also mechanically positions the correct should note the control settings and
ment of both types of color printing is filter over the photocell.) Turn on the exposure time for future use.
contained in the Kodak publication enlarger and adjust the analyzer's yel- Down to Business. Now assume you
Printing Color Negatives; this book is low control for a convenient reference want to make a print from another
a required reference for anyone who meter reading. (Usually, center -scale or negative. Put the new negative in the
wants to make quality color prints. The "null" is used as the reference reading, enlarger. Then set the degree of en-
book also gives the most convenient but any meter reading can be used as largement and focus, leaving the lens
operating procedures for electronic a null.) wide open. Place the analyzer's probe
color analyzers. Remove the blue filter, install a green under the lens, install the light integra-
tor and set the analyzer's switch to
CYAN. Install the red filter on top of the
p
LIGHT FROM
ENLARGER
FILTERS
aLUI
GRNI
RED!"
YELLOW
MAGENTA
CYAN
The basic color analyzer. Once controls
are matched to a "standard" negative,
just select filters for a null on the
meter for each individual color and white.
light integrator and adjust the lens aper-
ture until the meter indicates null.
Switch the analyzer to MAGENTA, install
the green- reading filter and note the
meter reading. If it is not at null, add
WHITE
or remove magenta filters (from the
filter pack) until the meter shows a
null. Then switch the analyzer to YEL-
LOW, install the blue- reading filter and

Take the meter reading, or adjust the
COLOR ANALYZER appropriate color control, slide the new
reading filter in place before withdraw-
modify the yellow filtration in the filter ing the old one, switch the analyzer, and
pack until the meter shows a null. make the new meter reading. Repeat
Finally, set the analyzer to WHITE, re- this for the third reading filter. You'll
move all reading filters and adjust the note that this procedure keeps bright
lens aperture for a null indication. white light from falling on the photo-
Through the color analyzer you have cell between meter readings. If you
now established a new filter pack and want to change filters under room
exposure for the new negative. If the lights, make certain there are about five
new negative uses similar lighting to the seconds of darkness between turning the
reference negative the print should be room lights out and turning the enlarger
perfect. If the lighting was considerably on.
different the print will be good -ac- The whole bit might sound somewhat
ceptable to most people, but requiring complicated, but after you've run
Kodak color printing filters. Typical filter
just a slight filter pack modification for designation CP2OY means color filter with through the procedure once or twice to
a great print. get the hang of things it shouldn't take
a .20 density; the color is yellow.
Swinging Filters. In the previous you more than a minute or so for a full
example the filter pack would wind up required. It you still can't null the color analysis of a new negative.
with magenta and yellow filters -which meter, it means magenta should not be The Kodak Wratten filters needed are
is what is generally needed. Some Koda- in the filter pack. available from professional camera '
color negatives, however, might require As we mentioned, a more thorough shops. For the construction project,
cyan Iters plus magenta or yellow (but discussion and procedure for using a color analyzer 2 -in. or 3 -in. Kodak
never all three). This information will color analyzer is found in Kodak's Wratten filters Nos. 98 (blue), 99
have been programmed into the color Printing Color Negatives. (green), and 70 (red) are recommend-
analyzer, so you will have no difficulty Most, hut not all. commercial color ed. If you have difficulty obtaining
if you make a slight modification in analyzers use photomultiplier tubes these specific filters you can make the
procedure. The first meter reading, the which have no light memory, nor are following substitutions, through the
one where you adjust the lens's aper- they confused by infrared from the en- analyzer's precision will be slightly re-
ture, should be made for the filter you larger lamp. These units are, as you duced: 47B (blue), 61 (green), and
are not using in the filter pack. For would expect, relatively expensive. Low 92 (red).
example, if your basic filter pack has cost models use photoresistors. The Pro Shop. We could not close
cyan and magenta, switch the analyzer More Data. Photoresistors are infra- without some words on commercially
to YELLOW, place the blue- reading filter red- sensitive and they have a light mem- processed color prints such as you might
in position on the light integrator, and ory, both of which can confuse the order from a drugstore or camera shop.
close down the lens for a null indica- meter. The infrared is easily handled by Commercial color labs have as high (if
tion. Then proceed with the other read- installing a heat or infrared filter glass not higher) a remake rate than the
ings. If your reference negative did not in your enlarger (it should be there to amateur if quality color prints are de-
require cyan in the filter pack, if it had protect the negative anyway). The light sired. As a general rule, it takes two
yellow, magenta, or both, and you find memory is handled by using a consistent tries to get a decent color print, so the
a new negative just can't be pulled in measurement procedure. The best way hobbyist with a color analyzer is way
for null meter readings with yellow and is to turn the enlarger off, install the ahead of the game because he can turn
magenta filters, it indicates the new reading filter and the light integrator, out, at worst, two good prints for each
negative requires cyan filtration, so start turn off the bright room lights, count three first tries. The average is even
with the assumption that yellow is not to five, and then turn the enlarger on. higher than this as the hobbyist gets
skilled in the use of a color analyzer.
Commercial labs come close to a
hobbyist's results only when they are
equipped with a video analyzer such as
the Kodak Video Color Negative An-
alyzer Model I -K; and Kodak only
claims a 75'%. + first try acceptance rate
for their analyzer. The video analyzer
is a 5 -in. x 5 -in. TV display. The opera-
tor views the color negative as a posi-
tive color TV image, and adjusts the
TV's controls for proper color balance
and brightness (saturation). The con-
trol settings are translated to the print-
ing equipment's filter adjustments so
that the final print is similar to the
image displayed on the TV.
The video analyzer is a fast and easy
way to get good color prints on the
Professional equipment used by color labs includes this first try, but since video analyzers cost
Kodak Video Color Negative Analyzer. It uses a 5 -in. color in the thousands, the color analyzer is
TV screen to assist an operator in selecting the correct filter. the best thing going for the hobbyist.

This project shows a ready way to
test these widely -used, widely -available
ICs.
Inside, the 555 has many transistors
and other components, arranged to
make up the following circuits: two
comparators, one flip -flop (which is a
by Martin Weinstein, bistable multivibrator), and an output
WB8LBV, KDT5787 stage. Connections are brought out to
several terminals (up to 8) which
hobbyists call "pins."
Inside the 555. First we have a com-
parator, a kind of balancing beam. It
looks at two inputs and compares them.
Some comparators supply an output
when the voltage at one of its inputs is
larger than the other. Other compara-
tors, like this one, provide an output
when both inputs are equal.
Now look at the two inputs this com-
parator is connected to. One input is a
voltage divider inside the 555. This con-
sists of a string of three identical resis-
tors connected between Vcc (B+) and
ground ( -). Since this leg of the com-
parator is connected 2/3 of the way up
the resistor string, it always measures a
voltage equal to two-thirds of the sup-
ply voltage.
You can test surplus 555 integrated circuit chips in one The other input leg of the compara-
second with this easy -to- build, simple, project. tor is connected to the external timing
chip capacitor you use in your particular
NE O THE MOST frequently -used in- curacy. It can also run free as an oscil- 555 IC timer circuit. The timing
tegrated circuits today is the 555 lator, at frequencies as high as a mega- capacitor is charged through a tim-
timer chip. It's an 8-pin IC, most hertz (1 MHz) or as low as one pulse ing resistor (two, actually, series -con-
often found in the Mini -DIP package per hour! The only external parts are nected and tapped by a connection to
(rectangular, with the pins in two rows one or two resistors and a capacitor. It pin 7 in most applications). Together,
or four each of the long sides). It's also can also be used as a comparator, a the timing resistor and timing capacitor
seen in the less -common round transis- Schmitt trigger, a controlled switch, and determine how fast the 555 will oscil-
tor-like shape, the TO-5 or TO -99 pack- much much more. And today, even late (or how long an output pulse it
ages. though the prices of new integrated will deliver). Here's how.
It's an IC which can produce a time- circuits are still coming down, you can When the charge on the timing ca-
delay from a few microseconds to find untested 555s on the surplus pacitor at pin 6, the threshold input,
about an hour, with five percent ac- market at great bargains. reaches a value equal to the voltage at
the on -chip voltage divider (2/3 Vcc),
the comparator turns on. When the
SI (OPTIONAL) WIRE JUMPERS
comparator turns on, it toggles the flip -
flop that switches the 555 output.
1
The flip -flop also turns on a transistor
that discharges the timing capacitor.
How It Works. To start the 555 work-
ing, a trigger pulse at pin 2 initially sets
the flip -flop to turn the 555 on. It does
this by comparing the input pulse to
COMPONENTS 1/3 Vcc at a second comparator. This
turns off the transistor across the timing
capacitor and allows the timing capaci-
tor to begin to charge. The 555 stays on
until the timing cycle turns it off again
by resetting the control flip -flop.
The timing cycle can be made to start
over again by applying a pulse to the
reset, pin 4. This turns on the transistor
ICI LOCATION that discharges the timing capacitor,
thereby delaying the charge from reach-
Handful of parts ncludes two LEDs, three resistors, two capacitors, two inches ing 2/3 vcc.
of #22 solid wire fo jumpers, optional AP Products, solderless breadboard, switch. In some applications, the reset (pin
4) is connected to the trigger input

555 TESTER asked an applications engineer friend of
mine how he could tell if a particular
gadget of his would work. "Make sure
group of five -tie -point términals.
Jumper wires are used to connect be-
tween terminals, and component leads
it isn't between you and the door, and may be inserted directly. Any solid wire
(pin 2) so that each new input trigger then plug it in and turn it on!" he said. from #30 to #20 slips right in and
signal restarts the timing cycle. This 555 tester borrows on his ad- holds securely. I prefer to. use #22
When the threshold voltage at pin 2 vice. Instead of trying to measure spe- solid, and I've bought it in several col-
drops, at the end of a timing cycle, that cific conditions at each pin (the way ors to help me keep track of what's
voltage drop can be used to start a new most tube and transistor testers make going where. A quarter inch or so of
timing cycle immediately by connecting their tests), it plugs the 555 under test insulation stripped from each end pro-
pin 6 to pin 2, the trigger input. This right into a simple circuit and puts it to vides a perfect jumper.
is how the 555 works when it is used work. A good 555 will flash the LEDs The Tester's Circuit. The 555 per-
as an astable (free -running) oscillator. alternately. A bad 555 will cause either forms as a simple astable oscillator, al-
The 555 output circuit includes two or both of the LEDs to light and remain ternately flashing the two LEDs. We
high current transistors, each capable of lit, but without flashing. can drive both LEDs from the single
handling 200 ma. One transistor is con- Construction is Fast. The prototype output (pin 3) because of the way the
nected between the output pin 3 and circuit you see here is built on a mod- 555 is designed. It is made to either
vcc, the other between pin 3 and ern solderless breadboard, this one an source (provide a positive voltage, and
ground. Thus; so you can use pin 3 to A P Products terminal strip. A spring thereby current, to its load) or sink
either supply Vcc to your load (source) clip behind each hole grips both wires (provide a minus voltage-ground con-
or provide a ground for your load and component leads. Since eacn connection, for the load current) its out-
(sink). ductive metal spring clip is five "holes" put. So by connecting one LED from B+
Testing is Fast and Easy. I once long, the breadboard is organized as a to pin 3 (sinking output) and the other
between pin 3 and GND (sourcing out-
put), we can take advantage of both
ICI capabilities.
LOCATION You will notice that I've not included
(TEST SOCKET) #22 solid wire cut to length the usual current -limiting resistor in
for 14 short jumpers has series with each LED. What actually
been bent and inserted into happens is that a single resistor, Rl,
breadboard. Eight holes used
for test socket are outlined
limits current through the entire cir-
with fine-tip felt pen for cuit. In addition to protecting the LEDs
convenience. Be sure to from too much current, it does the
place dot near pin 1 to same for the 555 under test, and it also
ensure plugging 555s in prolongs battery life. Finally, it also
their right way. Circuit may protects the tester's circuitry in case
be built up on perf board the 555 under test has a dead short
or other chassis if desired. between any combination of pins, as
WIRE
JUMPERS often happens when ICs are removed
from surplus printed circuit boards,
leaving solder bridges.
The circuit's time constant, which
governs the flashing rate, was chosen
to make the flash easily discernible. Too
quick a flash rate could appear to be a
steady on. Too slow a flash might look
like just one LED lighting. You can
alter the flashing rate by changing the
value of C2.
R2 and R3 also affect the flash rate,
and the ratio of their values determines
the duty cycle (how long one LED is
illuminated versus how long the other
DI is on, in this case). While other values
for R2 and R3 could have been chosen,,
the values shown here were used for
D2
several reasons. For one, they're stand-
ard and easy to find. Second, they yield
RI
a very readable flash rate. And most
important, they fit within the ratio -of-
resistances required by the internal
workings of the 555.
Building It. If this is your first ex-
perience with solderless breadboards,
Circuit assembled on solderless breadboard, a 555 plugged in, it's only fair to warn you that they can
and optional switch S1 in place. Use of different -colored wires he habit -forming.
makes it easy to trace circuit. Polarity of diodes is important.
You'll have the circuit together in
less time than it takes to lay out a

printed circuit board or solder up a I have yet to find a surplus 555 that can't use it for electronics.
haywire circuit. You wont need any isn't in a DIP package, but even those A good 555 will always flash both
hardware at all. You can even leave 555s that come in transistor-style TO -5 LEDs. It's that simple.
out the switch if you like, and plug and or TO -99 cases usually follow the same Your handy tester even provides a
unplug the leads to the battery. lead arrangement. So identify pin 1, bonus. With a pod 555 in place, you
One of the reasons these solderless plug your 555 in and turn it on. can use the pin 3 output as a clock
broadboards are so fast and easy is that If both LEDs come on, your 555 is pulse to drive TTL circuitry. You can
they're designed with a .1 -in. x .1 -in. open. If only one comes on, or if use the pulse directly, but a small re-
hole spacing. Modern DIP (dual in- neither comes on, your 555 is either sistor or capacitor will help keep things
line package) ICs are designed with open or shorted. If there are no visible safe. Remember to use pin 1 for
leads spaced in multiples of .1 -in. So solder bridges between pins and no pins ground.
everything we use can plug right into are missing, the open or short must be By the way, it probably took you
the breadboard. An IC socket here internal. Perhaps you could use a 555 longer just to read this article than ii
would only be redundant. that tests bad as an ornament; you sure will take you to build your tester.
This standard .1 -in. spacing appears
in another handy device that AP Prod-
ucts makes called a header. The header
is a plastic strip with small contact INSIDE THE 555
posts every .1 -in. You can break off as
many of these as you need, with 36 of 6
CONTROL
them being supplied on each strip. I QVCC
VOLTAGE
soldered a piece of header to the back

of a small toggle switch so it could VREF
plug right in, too. Another small piece

soldered to the battery connector makes 6
ORESET
the entire project plug -in easy. THRESHOLDO COMPARATOR
Follow the diagrams and illustrations 3

as you place each part in position in the 'COMPARATOR O TRIGGER
breadboard. Mark the breadboard with

a felt- tipped pen to show where the 555
under test plugs in, and be sure to DISCHARGE O
T
index pin 1. Also mark the positive and

negative battery connection points. FLIP -FLOP
Jumper Wires. Use #22 solid wire.

Cut about 1 inch longer than jump OUTPUT
STAGE
(connection) needed. Strip 1/4 -inch of
each end bare and bend at right angles.
You will need one .1 -in. jumper, one
1 OUTPUT IGROUND
.2 -in., six .3 -in., one .4 -in., one .5 -in., 3
one .6 -in., two .7 -in. and one -in. long.

1
Block diagram shows
Be very careful removing 555s from major components of timer.
the tester to avoid bending their pins.
Use an IC removal tool if you have
R3 lOOtl Most 555s come in
one. If you don't a small screwdriver rectangular mini-DIP
used as a lever in the deep depression (dual in -line pack -
in the center of the IC will let you ease age), but they're al-
it out safely. R 2 so found in round
s8 K
"TO-" package
Smoke Test. It won't burn up, if
you've been careful. There aren't very R I ,ccc : (OPTIONAL
many ways to do this circuit wrong. PULSE
But just to be on the safe side, double OUTPUT)
check your wiring before you connect
the battery.
Then, with no 555 in the circuit,
connect the battery and turn the switch GND
(if you've included it) on.
If you've wired everything correctly, PARTS LIST FOR 555 TESTER
both LEDs will light. The most likely Misc.- Jumper wire, #22 solid. insulated,
C1- .01 -uF capacitor various colors (Radio Shack, 278-1306 or
cause of a LED not lighting, assuming
your wiring is correct, is that it has been C2 -1 -uF, 16-volts or better electrolytic ca- equiv.) Sblderless breadboard and header
pacitor strip -AP Products 217L terminal strip.
plugged into the board backwards. Available at dealers, or order AP 923273,
D1, D2 -LED red indicators
Now go ahead and plug in a 555. R1- 100-ohm, 1/2-watt resistor $4.75; Headers are 9298M-01, $.87 for a
Choose one you know is good. The R2- 68,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor strip of 36. Add $1.00 for postage and han-
LEDs should start flashing. Play with R3- 39,000 -ohm, 1/2-watt resistor dling on mail orders to AP Products Inc.,
the value of C2 to alter the rate. S1 -SPST subminiature switch (optional - Box 110 -EE, 72 Corwin Drive, Painesville,
Using the Tester. Since the solderless see text) (Radio Shack 275 -324 or equiv.) OH 44077.
breadbóard is its own chassis, you're

ready to go.

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(Continued from page 7)
I
Continued Can You Top This One Photo Darkroom Meter

Which antenna is most sensitive-14-
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World, Box (or copy) of the Atwater -Kent Model 33 to figure out the correct exposure
3876 -DC, San Diego. CA 92103. receiver. settings for your photographic nega-
DATES GALORE! Meet singles- anywhere. Call
If you have diagrams and data for the
DATELINE, toll -free (800) 451 -3245. tives, there's a new electronic expo-
Hickok Dynamic Mutual Tester, Model sure meter on the market that could
OVER 1000 beautiful ladies photos, world's larg-
est matrimonial catalog $5.00. Interpress: Box 12, 530, please write to Allan Viita, Box 174, solve many, of your enlarging prob-
Toronto M4A 2Mb or Box 737, Ft. Lauderdale, FL Atiokokan, Ontario, Canada.
33302. lems. It promises to end guesswork,
ADULT pleasure products -over 600 items! Giant Adelle Goldstein (Miss, Mrs. or Ms ?) frustration and wasted time and ma-
catalog $1.00. Clifton's, D -1068, Saugus, CA 91351. would like help on fixing a Radio City
terial when you're working in the
LATIN AMERICAN GIRLS appreciate their men. Products Co. Model 411 test meter. Adelle
Let us introduce you to a dark -eyed, unspoiled
is studying electronics. Write to her at
darkroom. The Model 200 darkroom
beauty. Complete application package and photo
selection only $2.00: Maria Garcia, Box 80801D, 912 Bloomfield Ave., West Orange, NJ meter, manufactured by PixTronics,
San Diego, CA 93138.
07712. eliminates the need for test exposure
BEAUTIFUL MEXICAN GIRLS! Correspondence!
Photos, information $1.00. "Latins," Box 1716 -DD, If you have info on a Morrow MB560A strips in B & W or color enlarging.
Chula Vista, CA 92012. The meter, weighing two and a
transmitter and MBR -5 receiver, please
PHOTOGRAPHY -PHOTO FINISHING write to Antonio DiBlasi, M/T Southern half pounds, offers many darkroom
& SUPPLIES
Sun, Sun Overseas Transport, Inc., P.O. conveniences. There is an easy to read
SAVE HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS!!! Make your Box 280, Claymont, Delaware.
own S & M Densitometer. Send $3.00 for detalltd illuminated meter dial with two
drawings and instructions. A must for successful
photography in your darkroom. Order direct: S & M Jim Brodbeck, 138 Harvester Lane, scales. The first is a 0-100 numerical
Instrumenta. Dept. EP5, 229 Park Avenue South, Canton, IL would like a schematic diagram
N. Y., N Y 10004. scale with a center null point, and the
for the Knight Model 740 "Ocean Hop- second is a 0 -3.0 optical density scale
RADIO & TV
per" shortwave kit receiver. for direct density readings. The meter
TV TUBES 36e each Send for Flee 48 page color
catalog. Cornell. 4217 -W University, San Diego, Earl Corey, P.O. Box 265, Matamoras, also has three sensitivity ranges for
California 92105. PA 18336 needs the schematic diagram reading negatives of any density and
BI- LINEAR AMPLIFIERS: 3 -30 MHz, 100 watt and manual for the Hammarlund HQ-
mobile. Construction plans, $3.00. IGOR, Box 5516- 1000 communications receiver. a sensitivity control to make reference
GEB. Walnut Creek, CA 94598. readings for fast exposure determina-
Do you have the info on a Navy trans-
STAMP COLLECTING
mitter, Type CRR- 52080, Contract No. tion. The sensitivity control can also
ISRAEL set. Free Approvals. W -B Stamps Co.. 55696, dated 30 June 1937? Please send it he used with an easel probe to find
Wilkes-Barre, PA 18703.
to Alberto J. Moreno, 3625 Agosto St., correct paper grades for projection
START YOUR OWN BUSINESS San Diego, CA 92154. printing.
Mike Schroeder, a Novice class amateur The 110 -volt meter is supplied with
$500- THOUSAND IMMEDIATELY. STUFFING EN-
VELOPES. Free supplies. rush stamped, addressed (WN8VFA) needs technical information a special easel probe. The three -foot
envelope. Heritage House -C. 190 Lorane Road. Read- on the Hallicrafters HT-40. Write to 37315
ing. PA 19606. probe cable plugs into the meter. The
Ilene Drive, Mt. Clemens, MI 48043. probe has 7/32 -in. and 3/32 -in.
SURPLUS EQUIPMENT
Do you have the manual for the Heath apertures that can handle all exposure
ye GIANT Bargain Packed Canadian Surplus Catalogs GW -11 CB kit? Please send it to Donald
$1.00. Etco Electronics -DO, Box 741, Montreal "A." requirements. If you're involved in
Zimmerman, 975 Campbell Rd., Quincy, something such as ground glass pho-
TIPS FOR THE HOME, ETC.
MI 49082. tography, a cylindrical regular probe
PRACTICAL tips for home, garden and workshop David Hatch, 19955 Meadow Ridge Dr.,
and in "1001 How -To Ideas." Send $1.50 for your is available.
copy (includes postage) to 1001 How -To Ideas, 229
Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10003. Goshen, IN 46526 would like to get a The model 200 electronic darkroom
copy of the manual and schematic diagram
WATCHES. WATCHMAKING for the Knight Span Master 4 -band radio. exposure meter, special easel probe
& REPAIRING
We need a schematic diagram of the
and instruction manual are available
SAVE $15 and more because you will never re-
Stereophonic Model AF -425 AM /FM by mail for $87.50. The additional
ceive a parking ticket again. A watch that will
keep you on schedule. It has a built -in alarm. radio. It's for Patrick Miller, 600 Garnet regular probe is priced at $10.50.
When it's time to take your medication your alarm
will remind you. It is a 17 Jewel Swiss movement St., Apt. Y, Houghton, MI 49931. The manufacturer offers buyers a 15-
gold and leather band org. $39.95. Now $24.95 one
year service guarantee. Buy now and save. Send 01' Hank is looking for any old table day free trial period and a six -month
check to Enterprise. 2520 Newtown Ave., Long Island
City. NY 11102. Allow about 3 weeks for delivery. radio so he can restore it. If you want to guarantee. Write to: Wilfred Brown,
pc3tman will collect about $2.00 custom duty.
part with one. write to Hank Scott in care PixTronics, 681 E. 46th St., Brooklyn,
of this magazine. New York 11203.
New ing for only $17.95, contact Harcor In-
ternational, Inc., 744 Algonquin Road,
Products
Dept. PR., Arlington Heights, IL 60005.
Fully Automatic Car Alarm
Autoalarm is a sophisticated, fully
automatic, electronic alarm system based
(Continued from page 16) on IC logic circuitry. The Autoalarm is
connected to your auto's standard elec-
Solderless Breadboards trical system and is operated by simply
Continental Specialties has two new turning your ignition key off. There is a
solderless breadboarding sockets. Des- special holding feature that permits you
ignated Experimentor 300 and Experi- to unload packages, briefcases, etc. and
i
mentor 600, the new one-piece sockets only arms the system after all inputs are
both provide 94 five -point terminals, plus closed. The door switch circuits activate
two 40 -point bus strips, for a total of the alarm system and you have a nomi-
550 solderless tie -points. Experimentor nal 8 second period in which to insert
600, priced at $10.95, has a 6'10 -inch and turn the ignition key. The intruder
center channel, making the only socket cannot turn the system off, thus causing
currently on the market with full 4 -ter- CIRCLE 32 ON READER SERVICE COUPON the horn to blow in insistent intermittent
minal fan -out for microprocessors, clock blasts. If the thief attempts to remove
chips, RAMs, ROMs and other larger DIP directional pickup pattern to minimize the CB Radio or other wired accessories,
packages. Experimentor 300, priced at the pickup of unwanted background or bypasses the door circuits, he causes
$9.95, has a 3 '10-inch center channel noises. A highly efficient mechanical iso- an immediate triggering of the alarm.
that is perfect for smaller DIPs. Both lation mount also reduces handling and When the alarm is set off, the horn will
Experimentor sockets also accept tran- stand noises. The Model 516EQ E- Quali- blast for 2 to 3 minutes and then stop
dyne is available singly for $75.00 and
in pairs for stereo tape recording for
$135.00. For further information, write
to Shure Brothers, Inc., 222 Hartrey
Avenue, Evanston, IL 60204.
Simple Security
The trouble with many anti -theft car
devices is that the hookup is a lot of
work. The new compact Model 3001
"Quick Connect" (Q.C.) Auto and CB
Security System requires only a 3 wire
CIRCLE 41 ON READER SERVICE COUPON hook -up to intermittently sound any car
horn after illegal entry. No horn relay
sistors, LED's, resistors, capacitors, pots is required. The system is designed to and rearm itself to protect your auto
-virtually all types of discrete compo- protect CB radios, scanners, speakers, from further intrusion. Additional pro-
nents, as well as lengths of #22 -30 solid tape deck, stereo radios and your auto tection may be extended to include
hookup wire for interconnection -with from being ripped -off by thieves. It is items such as boat trailers, pick -up tool
plug-in ease. Both Experimentor sockets also for use in RVs, sports cars, and boxes, storage compartments, etc. with
also feature a unique interlocking sys- trucks. It can be installed in less than optional accessory switches. A special
tem that permits sockets to be snapped 30 minutes. The simple Q.C. alarm sys- feature provides headlight protection by
together, mixed or matched, vertically or tem is triggered by current flow caused blowing your horn continuously if you
horizontally, to provide optimum con- when any light in the automobile is turn- leave the lights on, turn off the key and
figurations for almost any type of circuit, ed on by opening any door. If equipped open the door to leave the car. Sells for
and instantly disconnected or reconnect- with a light, the vehicle trunk or hood is $34.95. For further information, write to
ed, without tools, to meet requirements. R.P.I., Inc., 13740 Midway Rd., Suite
CSC Experimentor sockets are available 509, Dallas, TX 75246.
now from CSC distributors and dealers, syskem .
or directly from CSC's East- or West -
Coast offices. For more information, con- IPPLN Power Antique Radios
tact CSC at 44 Kendall St., Box 1942,
New Haven, CT 06509. (Continued from page 82)
16-In-One Mike
With 16 different equalization possi- about 50 per cent for safety margin
bilities, the Shure tape recording micro- Caution. Be careful not to turn the
phone allows the user to control equali- power supply on except when there is a
zation by means of four filter switches iy load across each output. Should the
located right on the body of the micro- supply he operated unloaded there is a
phone. The microphone, called the Mod- CIRCLE 42 ON READER SERVICE COUPON chance the output voltage at either or
el 516EQ E- Qualidyne, has filter switches
also protected by the system. The Sys- both outputs might rise sufficiently to
tailored to the microphone's response
characteristics. For example, by activat- tem's circuitry beeps the car horn for overload one or all of the zeners with
ing the microphone's high frequency 21/2 minutes to scare -off would -be too much current and destroy one or
switch, a user can smooth out nasal and thieves. The system then shuts down more of them.
sibilant "sss" sounds. Activating the and automatically rearms itself. Exces- Trouble Finding Parts? You may have
unit's low frequency switch results in sive battery drain or horn damage as- trouble finding a few of the parts shown
the reduction of resonating "boomi- sociated with continuous horn operation in the parts list. If you do, you can
ness." Up to 16 different combinations is avoided, and the system shutdown
substitute electrolytic capacitors by
of switch settings change the micro- feature also eliminates the nuisance
problem of accidently tripped alarms. For using any capacitance larger than that
phone's characteristics from mellow to
further information on this mobile CB specified, and any working voltage
bright, or strengthen or de- emphasize
security system, available nationwide at higher than the ones indicated. Happy
mid-range material. The Model 516EQ
E- Qualidyne also offers an excellent uni- CB and automotive distributors and sell- listening!
The chances are excellent that...
You have a talent other people
are willing to pay for!
You're "handy" around your troubleshooting a TV. (And the TV
is yours to keep, too') This combi-
house, have the ability to fix nation of "head and hands" learning
things, and "make them work locks in your understanding of the
right "... that's why there crucial principles you'll use on -the-
job in your new career. But, don't
may be a rewarding career kid yourself . . .
for you in Electronics. Electronics is not an "easy" science
and CIE courses are not "snaps."
Subject matter is technical, thorough,
A career in Electronics? and challenging. It has to be. We're
Absolutely. Because you're interested training you for a career. So the pre-
in things. How they work. Why they sentation of ideas is logical, written in
work. How to take them apart and
put them back together. Plus . . .
easy -to- understand language ... you
progress step -by-step, at your own
you've got a head for detail work. pace.
Your chances are excellent CIE Education by mail
With the right kind of specialized There is no need to "go back to the
technical training, you can have a classroom" with CIE. Because you
challenging, financially rewarding future waiting for learn at home or wherever else is convenient. You
you in Electronics. Think of the career opportunities keep your present job and income. No cross -town
... computers, aerospace, 2 -way radio communica- commutes. You decide when and where you study best.
tions, radio /TV broadcasting, medical electronics, to Your eventual success ...
at CIE and in your elec-
name just a few.
And, surprisingly, you don't need a college degree!
tronics career ...will be determined by your own
motivation and self-discipline. You can do it. And CIE
All you need to do to qualify for one of these excit- can show you how.
ing career fields is to build upon the technical aptitude
you already have ... just put your hands and your
head to work with a CIE Electronics career course.
Put your talent to full use
We believe that you may be a "natural" for Electron-
ics, and we'd like to tell you more about potential
You learn by doing career fields and our school. We'll be glad to send you
The CIE method of instruction is the refinement of our complete package of FREE career information if
over 40 years of Electronics, independent home -study you'll send in the card or coupon or write CIE (include
experience. It works. And you don't need any prior name and date of this publication), 1776 E. 17th St.,
electronics experience. A CIE career course can take Cleveland OH 44114. For your convenience, we'll try
you from ground zero right up to training in Lasers, to have a school representative call to assist you in
Microminiaturization, Radar, Analog Computers, course selection. As soon as we receive your request,
and various applications in Communications. we'll mail you our school catalog, complete G.I. Bill
In some CIE courses, you'll perform "hands on" details and booklet on FCC License preparation.
experiments and tests with your own CIE Experimental There's no obligation.
Electronics Laboratory. And, if TV technology and dig- Let's discuss your new career in Electronics, NOW !
ital Electronics are your main interest, you can select Send for your FREE school catalog and career infor-
from several courses that involve working with and mation TODAY.
CIECleveland Institute of Electronics, Inc.

1776 East 17th Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44114
Accredited Member National Home Study Council
Yes, I want your FREE school catalog and career information package.
0E-10
Print Name
Address Apt
City State Zip
Age Phone (Area Code) No.
Check box for G.I. Bill information: Veteran On Active Duty

20 RADIO
Reg. U. S.
BUILD
and Electronics Circuits
Pat. Off,
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* 12 RECEIVERS * No Knowledge of Radio Necessary
*
*
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SQ. WAVE GENERATOR
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*
*
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SIGNAL INJECTOR * Vacuum Tube Circuits
Training Electronics Technicians
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You will learn how to build radios, using regular schematics; how to wire and solden TESTER INSTRUCTION MANUAL
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You will learn the basic principles of radio. You will construct. study and work with
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RF and AF amplifiers and oscillators. detectors. rectifiers. test MEMBERSHIP IN RADIO -TV CLUB:
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Signal Tracer,
troubleshooting, using the ProgressiveTester, Progressive Signal Injector. Pro- CONSULTATION SERVICE FCC
gressive Dynamic Radio & Electronics Square Wave Generator and the accompany - AMATEUR LICENSE TRAINING
ing instructional material. PRINTED CIRCUITRY
You will receive training for the Novice, Technician and General Classes of F.C.C. Radio
Amateur Licenses. You will build Receiver, Transmitter, Square Wave Generator, Codo
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will receive an excellent background for television, -Fi and Electronics.
is required. The "Edu -Kit" is
Absolutely no previous knowledge of radio or science experience.
I SERVICING LESSONS
the product of many years of teaching and engineering The "Edo-Kit" will
Radio, worth many times the low You will learn trouble -shooting and
provide you with a basic education in Electronics and than the price of the kit. servicing in a progressive themanner. You
price you pay. The Signal Tracer alone is worth more will practice repairs on sets that
you construct. You will learn symptoms
THE KIT FOR EVERYONE in home. portable
and causes of trouble will learn how t0
and car radios. You the
You do not need the slightest background ages and backgrounds have successfully use the professional Signal Tracer.
In radio or science. Whether you are inter- used the "Edu-Kit" in more than 79 coun- and the dynamic
unique Signal InjectorTester.
ested in Radio & Electronics because you tries of the world. The "Edu -Kit" has been Radio & Electronics While you
way. you
want an interesting hobby. a you well paying step by step, so that
carefully designed, mistake. are learning in this practical
will find you cannot make a The "Edu-Kit" many a repair job for
will be able to do neighbors.
business or a job with a future. investment. allows you to teach yourself at your own your friends and and charge
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will help you with any technical prob-
PROGRESSIVE TEACHING METHOD lems you may have.
The Progressive Radio "Edu-Kit" is the foremost educational radio kit in the world.
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standard in the field of electronics
and is universally accepted as the principle
Kit" uses of "Learn by Doing.' Therefore you construct, FROM OUR MAIL BAG
the modern educational
learn schematics, study theory. Practice trouble shooting
-yearned. thorough and interesting
-all
in a closely Integrated pro-
background in radio. J. Stataitis. of 25 Poplar Pl.,repaired
Water-
gram designed to provide an easily radio parts of the "Edu- Kit."radio. You then learn the writes: "I have
bury. Conn., for
You begin by examining the various parts. Then you build simple With this first several sets my friends and made
wiring of these
function, theory andlistening a
learn theory. practice testing money. The "Edu -Kit" paidforfora itself.
Set You will enjoy to regular broadcast stations. learn more advanced theory was ready to spend $240 Course.
and troubleshooting. Then you build a more advanced radio, rate. you will
and techniques. Gradually.more in a progressive manner. and at yourandown but I found Your ad and sent for your
find yourself constructing advanced multi -tube radio circuits. doing work like of Kit."
Ben Valerio. P. 0. Box 21. Magna.
professional Radio Technician. Transmitter, Code Oscillator. Signal Utah: "The Edu -Kits are wonderful. Here
Included in the "Edu -Kit" course are Receiver, Circuits. These are not unprofessional I am sending You the questions and also
Tracer. Square Wave Generator and Signal Injector been in
"breadboard" experiments, but genuine radio circuits, constructed by means of professional the answers for them. I have
years. but like
wiring and soldering on metal chassis, plus the new method of radio construction known Radio for the last seven
Radio Kits. and like to
to work withTesting
as "Prin ireuitr These circuits operate on our reular AC or DC house current. build Radio minute I Equipment. 1 en-
joyed every worked with the
THE "EDU -KIT" IS COMPLETE different kits; the Signal Tracer works
to let you know that
radio and electronics cir
fine. Also like
You will receive all parts and instructions' necessary to build twenty different feel proud of becoming a member of your
cuits, each guaranteed to operate. Our Kits contain tubes. tube sockets. variable. electrolytic,
mica. ceramic Radio -TV Club." 1534 Monroe Ave..
Shutt.
and paper dielectric condensers. resistors, tie strips. hardware. tubing. punched
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In addition, you receive Printed Circuit materials, including Printed
metal chassis, Instruction
switches. solid
Circuit chassie,
state devices, etc.
Robert L.
Huntington,
drop you a fewe lines to n say
was
nÌo re
useful set of tools, a that such a bargain can be had at suc
special tube sockets, hardware and instructions. You also receive a Radio and Electronics a low price. I have already started re-
professional electric soldering iron, and a self -powered Dynamic phonographs. My
pairing radios andsurprised
Tester. The "Edu-Kit" also includes Code Instructions and the Progressive Code Oscillator. to see me
You will also receive lessons for
in addition to F.C.C. Radio Amateur License training. Progressive
friends were really of it so quickly. The
Signal Injector, a High get into the swing
and the
servicing with the Progressive Sign:.l Tracer Membership
receive in Radio-TV Club, Free Consulta Trouble -shooting Tester that comes with
Fidelity Guide and a Quiz Book. You Privileges. You receive all parts. tools. the Kit is
tion Service, Certificate of Merit and Discount trouble, if there Is any to be}ifound
instructions. etc. Everythino is yours to kirep.
Progressive "Edu- Kits" Inc., 1189 Broadway, Dept. 509FC Hewlett, N.Y. 11557
PRINTED CIRCUITRY f I Please rush me free literature describing the Progressive

At noincrease in price. the "Edu- Kit"
now includes Printed Circuitry. You build
I Radio -TV Course with Edu -Kits. No Salesman will call.
a Printed Circuit Signal Injector, a unique
servicing instrument that can detect many
Radio and TV troubles. This revolutionary
new technique of radio construction is now NAME
becoming popular in commercial radio and
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A Printed Circuit is a special insulated I ADDRESS
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Printed Circuitry is the basis of modern
Automation Electronics. A knowledge of this PROGRESSIVE "EDU- KITS" INC.
subject is a necessity today for anyone in- Hewlett, N.Y. 11557
terested in Electronics. 1 1189 Broadway, Dept. 509FC

101 Electronics Projects 1977

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101 Electronics Projects 1977

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Hobby Electronics Newsletter

4 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977

CIRCLE 5 ON READER SERVICE COUPON

1o1 cannot be made. Sorry. he Isn't offering a circuit

Electronics Group Coordinator and

6 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977

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CIRCLE 6 ON READER SERVICE COUPON 7

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10 to 80 Meter Ham Rig Dig It Multimeter

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101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977 CIRCLE 7 ON READER SERVICE COUPON 9

QT Sockets and Bus Strips*

system not only saves you hours of soldering, desolderinp IIIIIIIIII

QT-59S 6.5" 6.2" 118 12.50

OT-47S 5.3" 5.0" 94 10.00

OT-12S 1.8" 1.5" 24 3.75

IIIQT-8S 1.4" 1.1" 16 3.25

IIQT-7S 1.3" 1.0" 14 3.00

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This is your shipping label. Please print clearly.

MASTER CHARGE purchased from CSC before. Orders- Add

Products Inc., 301 Atlantic Avenue, New Hyde

Digital Color Dot /Bar Generators

packed portable Color Alignment Gen-

International Crystal Mfg. Co.. Inc.

CIRCLE 12 ON READER SERVICE COUPON

See advertisement on Cover 2 for complete details.

Handler can be programmes, to control

101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977 15

Products Never Miss a Call

101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS

FOR UNDER $15-ALL c-RsY TO BUILD

101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977 17

If you take your time, check for wiring

18 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977

101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977 ' 19

Super sensitivity is the feature of

put impedance of the FET transistor

changes, 01 must be handled with a

20 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977

steaks out on the patio, is to install REBROADCASTER .05uF - THAN IOFEET

way is to feed the audio signal from VDC or better 'UNUSED

your CB or amateur receiver into a C2 -47 -pF silver mica capacitor,

5 Earphone limiter for CW

G SUJI's Simple Squelch

11,12 -#47 pilot lamp

9 Self - Powered (W Monitor

10 29 Mag. Phone Filter

11 Pep Up a Pocket BAB

capacitor with dial Cl

C3- 0.05 -uF disc capacitor, 25 TO

13 Scope Your CB Signal

PARTS LIST FOR

Cl, C2 -5 -pF silver mica capacitor TO

24 101 ELECTRONIC PROJECTS 1977

16 Talk Power Booster

18 CB RF Detector For VOM/VTVM

a few minutes time. Fact is, you don't

19 CB Remote Volume Control

20 Low Voltage Diode Tester