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structure in C programming
In C, a structure is a user-defined data type that allows you to group together variables of different
data types under a single name. Each variable within a structure is called a member or a field.
Structures provide a way to organize and represent complex data in a more meaningful and coherent manner.
The syntax for defining a structure in C is as follows:
struct StructureName {
// Member 1
DataType1 Member1;
// Member 2
DataType2 Member2;
// ...
// Member N
DataTypeN MemberN;
};
Here's a breakdown of the syntax elements:
1. struct keyword: Indicates the beginning of the structure definition.
2. StructureName: The name of the structure. This name is used to declare variables of this structure type
later in the program.
3. Members: Inside the structure, you define members, each with its own data type. Members represent
the individual attributes or fields of the structure.
4. Semicolon (;): The structure definition ends with a semicolon.
You use the dot (.) operator to access members of a structure. The syntax is as follows:
structure_variable.member
Here's a practical example to illustrate the concept of structures:
#include <stdio.h>
// Define a structure named 'Person'
struct Person {
char name[50];
int age;
float height;
};
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int main() {
// Declare a variable of type 'struct Person'
struct Person person1;
// Access and modify the members of the structure
printf("Enter name: ");
scanf("%s", person1.name);
printf("Enter age: ");
scanf("%d", &person1.age);
printf("Enter height (in meters): ");
scanf("%f", &person1.height);
// Display information using the structure members
printf("\nDetails of the person:\n");
printf("Name: %s\n", person1.name);
printf("Age: %d\n", person1.age);
printf("Height: %.2f meters\n", person1.height);
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter name: Veeresh
Enter age: 33
Enter height (in meters): 1.62
Details of the person:
Name: Veeresh
Age: 33
Height: 1.62 meters
In this example:
Structure Definition:
struct Person {
char name[50];
int age;
float height;
};
This defines a structure named Person containing three members: name (an array of characters), age (an
integer), and height (a float).
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Structure Variable Declaration:
struct Person person1;
This declares a variable named person1 of type struct Person.
Accessing and Modifying Structure Members:
printf("Enter name: ");
scanf("%s", person1.name);
printf("Enter age: ");
scanf("%d", &person1.age);
printf("Enter height (in meters): ");
scanf("%f", &person1.height);
Here, the program prompts the user to input values for the name, age, and height members of the person1
structure.
Displaying Structure Information:
printf("\nDetails of the person:\n");
printf("Name: %s\n", person1.name);
printf("Age: %d\n", person1.age);
printf("Height: %.2f meters\n", person1.height);
Finally, the program displays the information entered by the user using the structure members.
This example demonstrates how structures in C allow you to create a custom data type (struct Person) to
represent a person's information with multiple attributes. Structures are particularly useful when dealing with
entities that have various properties, making the code more organized and readable.
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