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Dr. Lopez USMLE

The document discusses various medical topics including breast cancer, pulmonary diseases, mechanical ventilation, and test taking tips. It covers cystic lung diseases, improving oxygenation, interpreting peak and plateau pressures on ventilation, and pathogens that can cause pneumonia. Other topics mentioned are bronchietasis, pulmonary embolism evaluation, carcinoid tumors, asthma treatment, portal hypertension, Libman-Sacks endocarditis presentation, medication side effects, cardiac ion channels, calcium channel blockers, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus nephritis.

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Moramed Desroches
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174 views4 pages

Dr. Lopez USMLE

The document discusses various medical topics including breast cancer, pulmonary diseases, mechanical ventilation, and test taking tips. It covers cystic lung diseases, improving oxygenation, interpreting peak and plateau pressures on ventilation, and pathogens that can cause pneumonia. Other topics mentioned are bronchietasis, pulmonary embolism evaluation, carcinoid tumors, asthma treatment, portal hypertension, Libman-Sacks endocarditis presentation, medication side effects, cardiac ion channels, calcium channel blockers, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus nephritis.

Uploaded by

Moramed Desroches
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Breast CA

HER2
NEU
BRCA1
BRAC2
Biostats & Ethics(Communication)  Questions in Tutor mode
For the 12-week Schedule – Just double the 6-week schedule

Patreon Step 2 – Pulmonary – 2/16/2024 – Live Session


Missouri, Birds (Starling as type of bird) (feces are called Guano) and Bats, Mycelial forms, spores, moist and
wet Caves. And yeast – HISTOPLAMOSIS – Classically ASYMPTOMATIC.

4 Cystic Lung Dz you should know


1) Birt-Hogg Dube Syndrome – Folliculin gene defect, Fibrocullomas & Kidney CA
2) Langerhans histiocytosis – Birbeck granules (Tennis racket)
3) Lumphangioleiomyomatosis – LAM – Tube sclerosis
4) Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia – LIP – associated w/ Sjogren Synd. – Non-necrotizing granuloma.

How to improve oxygenation in a patient? – (2 ways)


1. ↑ the amount of O2 per breath AKA increase the fraction of inspired O2 (↑FIO2)
2. ↑ the positive end-expiratory pressure (↑PEEP)

≠ Peak and plateau = 5 mmHG


>5 = problem is in Peak
Peak – Airways (Obstructive)
Plateau = Inflation/compliance (Restrictive)

How to get CO2


Increase the respiratory rate
CO2: Ventilation
O2: Diffusion
Mechanical Ventilation pneumothorax if over ventilate
Pseudomonas (Adults or Staph. A (children) – Piper

Bronchiectasis are Blebs to the lungs are what aneurysms to the vessels and diverticula to the GUT
∟Outpouching filled of mucus

Pulm. E: Come with PE and do heart stuff (Severity)


High – Shock
Intermediate: R heart dysfx
Low: None of the above
Tests to do: EKG, Echo, BNP, Troponin

Carcinoid – can metastasize in the lung – BFDR – Heart

5HT:
CNS: Sympathetic
PNS: Parasympathetic
SSRIs and coffee increase Serotonin – SE: Point no shooting and Orgasmia. That’s we change to Bupropion

Asthma Attack:
B2 Agonist – Short
Steroid – Inhaled
B2 Agonist – Moderate Persistent Asthma
Steroid – Oral
MAB – IgE

Group of Portal Hypertension

-Libmen Sacks Endocarditis Presentation – Small, verrucous vegetations (Mitral Valve)


-If Left side of heart is affected – It’s lung . L for L.
- Hydralazine - Reflex Tachycardia - Angina
Potassium Channel Blockers – Torsade de Pointes

Test Taking Tips (Videos)


1st – Look at the answer choices to get a general idea!
2nd – Read the last line of the vignette (It is a question in most of the cases)
3rd - Read the first 2 lines of the vignette (Focusing on Age, Sex, & Primary complaint)
4th – Start eliminate answer choices (Elimination process) – Bottom to up
- When/If you get to 3 answer choices – Look at them say see which one that doesn’t fit.
- If you have no ideas (100% unsure) – you go for the bottom answer, but if you have a gut feeling – go
with it…
When answer choices go down to F – It means don’t find – Very straight forward questions.

Na+ Channel Blockers (Ia, Ib, Ic)

Disopyramide, Quinidine, and Procainamide

Lidocaine, Tocainide, Mexiletine, and Phenytoin

Econide, flecainide, and propafenone.

Beta-Blockers - B1 receptors – SA node – AMEBA


K= Channel Blockers – SAID – Repolarize

Ca2+ - 2 types – Dihydropyridine aka DPH (-dipines) and Non-DHP(not the -dipines)

Another concept

TEST TAKING TIPS 2.0 - Done


1. SLE – Nephritic – Pimp Really Good
.

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