Internet and Web
Technology
Internet
⚫ Internet is a global network of networks.
⚫ It is a global system that consist of millions of public,
private, academic, business and government networks.
⚫ It connects millions of computers together globally
forming a network in which any computer can
communicate with any other computer as long as they are
both connected to the Internet.
⚫ It is a global system of interconnected computer networks
that use the standard Internet Protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
serve billions of users worldwide.
World Wide Web(www)
⚫ It is a collection of information which is accessed with the
help of Internet.
⚫ It is a collection of text pages, digital photographs, music
files, videos and animations that can be accessed over the
Internet.
⚫ It is a system of Internet servers that support specially
formatted documents (web pages).
⚫ These documents are formatted in a markup language
called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) that support
links to other documents as well as graphics, audio and
video files.
World Wide Web(www)
⚫ Users access the www facilities with the help of web
browsers, which provide transparent access to the www
servers.
⚫ www is an information sharing model that is built on top
of the Internet.
⚫ www uses HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) to
transmit data (web pages).
⚫ It is the part of the Internet that is available to the public.
⚫ If a site has www in the address, it is a public site on the
world wide web.
Difference between Internet and www
Internet World Wide Web
Internet is the global interconnection www is a repository of common resources
system. that can be accessed by Internet.
Internet is a global network of networks. www is a collection of information.
Internet is not the web. Web is a portion of the Internet.
Internet can also be used for email, instant Web is one of the way that uses Internet
messaging, etc. for information interchange (web pages).
Web server and Web browser
⚫ Web server and web browser are the terms which are
commonly used for websites.
⚫ With the help of these, users can anytime access any kind
of websites.
⚫ Both perform different type of functions.
Web browser
⚫ Web browser is the program that is used to view webpages
and navigate the world wide web.
⚫ Large variety of web browsers are available for every
platform.
⚫ It is a client/program/software/tool through which we send
HTTP request to web servers.
⚫ Main purpose of web browser is to locate the content of
the www and display in the form of webpage, image,
audio, or video on client computer.
Web browser
⚫ It is called client because it contacts the web server for
desired information and if the requested data is available
in the web server then it will send back the requested
information to web browser.
⚫ Web browsers are capable to understand HTML,
Javascript, AJAX, etc.
⚫ Web browsers for mobile are called microbrowsers.
Purpose of Web browser
⚫ Web browser is used to connect to web servers, request
documents and then properly format and display those
documents.
⚫ Web browsers can also display files on our computers, and
also download files that are not meant to be displayed.
Web Page
⚫ Web page is a file written in a language called the
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that includes
⚫ The text of the page
⚫ A description of its structure
⚫ Links to other documents
⚫ Images
⚫ Videos, etc.
⚫ There are mainly three types of webpages. They are Static,
Dynamic and Active webpages.
Static Webpage
⚫ A static web page is a textual file that resides on a web
server. It is composed by a web developer. Every time
such a page is requested by a web client, the same
unvarying page is sent to it by the web server.
⚫ Static web pages are often HTML documents stored as
files in the file system and made available by the web
server over HTTP.
⚫ Static Web pages are very simple in layout and
informative in context.
Static webpage
⚫ Advantages
⚫ Simplicity
⚫ Reliability
⚫ Performance
⚫ Browser can display a static page rapidly
⚫ Local machines can cache the document to speed future requests.
⚫ Disadvantages
⚫ Inflexibility
⚫ The document must be revised manually by the developer
⚫ Not useful for reporting information that changes frequently
Dynamic Webpage
⚫ A dynamic web page is not composed beforehand and stored in a
file.
⚫ A dynamic webpage is created by a web server, with the assistance
of an additional program when a client requests it.
⚫ When a request for such a page arrives at a web server, the server
hands over the responsibility to an auxiliary application program.
⚫ Usually, the application program produces an HTML or XML page,
gives it to the web server that in turn returns it to the requesting web
client.
⚫ Since a new document is created to respond to each request from a
client, the page served for the same request can vary from time to
time.
Dynamic Webpage
⚫ Advantages
⚫ Can be used to report current information like prices, weather
conditions, ticket availability etc.
⚫ Responsibility for the information is placed on the server.
⚫ To the browser, it looks just like a static page.
⚫ Disadvantages
⚫ Increased cost of producing a web page because code must reside
on the server.
⚫ Faster server is needed.
⚫ Longer to download page.
⚫ Still cannot display animated information on the browser.
Active Webpage
⚫ An active webpage is a program that resides on the server.
⚫ A web server sends this program to the web browser in
response to a request.
⚫ The program runs on the browser, communicates with the
web server and/or other programs and displays the result
on the browser.
Active Webpage
⚫ Advantages
⚫ Browser display can have animation including quickly
changing data.
⚫ Disadvantages
⚫ Additional cost of creating and running active documents.
⚫ Sophisticated browser software is required.
⚫ Security risk because the document can export as well as
import data.
Difference between Static &
Dynamic webpages
Static webpage Dynamic web page
It contain fixed no. of pages. it can create webpage dynamically.
Theme of website and content of webpage Webpage design and content may change
are fixed. on run time
Static sites never use database Dynamic sites deal with database and
connectivity. generate the contents dynamically using
database queries.
It is highly secure than dynamic sites Dynamic websites are less secure because
because it behaves as a half duplex it behave as full duplex approach so both
approach so only one way communication side communication is possible so user can
is possible i.e.., server to client. change the server data.
It is directly run on browser and does not It runs the application on server and the
require other server application language; output is displayed on webpage so this
static webpages can be created using requires server application language like
HTML and CSS. PHP, ASP.NET,JSP etc.
Difference between Dynamic &
Active webpages
Dynamic webpage Active web page
Dynamic is what's being executed on the An active web page is a page where the
server and then the result is being sent browser performs the logic instead of the
back to the client (browser). server.
For example, when using PHP, your For example, when you've got a page
browser isn't able to execute PHP, so the where you're showing share prices, then
server executes the PHP file and performs you want it to update e.g. every 5 seconds.
all logic in your code. The result will be an A solution would be to use AJAX with
HTML file, which is then sent back to the JavaScript. In contrast to PHP, your
client. The important thing to understand browser is able to execute JavaScript, so it
is that when the result is served to the is happening without reloading the page.
client, the information in it won't change. So with an active page, everything is
happening inside your browser without the
need to reload the page every time you
want new information.
Web Server
⚫ To publish document/web pages on the web, web server is
required.
⚫ A web server is a program that runs on a computer and is
responsible for replying to web browser requests for files/
webpages etc.
⚫ When we use a web browser to request a page on a
website, that browser makes a web connection to a server
of that website using the HTTP protocol.
⚫ The server accepts the connection, sends the contents of
the requested files and then closes the connection.
Web Server
⚫ Then browser formats the information it got from the
server.
⚫ Main function of server is to store, process & deliver web
pages to clients.
⚫ Examples of web server are-Apache, Microsoft, Netscape
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
⚫ A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is an address for uniquely
identifying a web resource (like a web page or a Java object) on the
Internet, and it has the following general format:
http://domain-name:port/application/resource?query-string
where http is the protocol for accessing the resource (https and ftp are
popular alternative protocols standing for secure HTTP and File
Transfer Protocol);
application is a server-side folder containing all resources related to a
web application;
resource is the name of an HTML or script/program file residing on a
server hard disk;
and the optional query string passes user data to the web server.
An example URL is
http://www.amazon.com/computer/sale?model=dell610.
URL
Here's a real world example of a URL,
http://www.microsoft.com/msoffice/freestuf/msword/download/ia/defa
ult.htm
⚫ The "http://" portion of the URL indicates that the browser has
requested a transfer via HTTP protocol; that is, it wants a Web page.
⚫ "www.microsoft.com" is the domain name of the server being
queried; in this case, it's the Web server at Microsoft.
⚫ The "msoffice/freestuf/msword/download/ia/" portion of the URL is
the path name on the server's hard drive for the file you want.
⚫ "default.htm" is the name of the actual HTML file on the server.
Interaction between Web server
and Web Browser
⚫ Step 1: The user on the client computer types a URL
(suppose www.yahoo.com/index) on browser.
⚫ Step 2: The web browser obtains the IP address
corresponding to the domain name included in the URL
with the help of DNS (Domain Name Server).
⚫ Step 3: Using the IP address, the browser makes a TCP
connection with the server.
⚫ Step 4: Web browser sends a request for the webpage to
the web server using HTTP protocol and GET instruction.
Interaction between Web server
and Web Browser
⚫ Step 5: The web server locates the webpage associated
with the URL on its hard disk and sends it to the web
browser with the help of HTTP protocol.
⚫ Step 6: The web browser accepts the web page, interprets
it and display the contents.
