Members:
Sira, Eula Mae V.
Group 2 Pagay, Shiela Marie B.
Albert, Angel V.
Hitalia, Maureen L.
Lapiz, Zylah P.
TOPICS:
• Wells and Pumps
• Controls and Valves
• Defects in Water Line
• Water Distribution System
• Cold Water Distribution System
Wells and Pumps
Types of Wells
(General):
Shallow Wells
A shallow well is a hole which has been dug, bored, driven or drilled into the
ground for the purpose of extracting water is a well. A well is considered to be
shallow if it is less than 50 feet deep.
Deep Wells
Deep wells are typically drilled to access groundwater that is located deep
underground, and they are often used by homeowners, businesses, and
agricultural operations as a source of water.
Types of Wells
Individual Well Springs
(Types According to Method of Construction):
Dug Well
• Most common type
• Usually dug manually
• Around 15m deep
• A.k.a. ‘shallow well’
Bored Well
• Similar to dug well, but constructed using an
auger driven in by hand or with power tools
• Seldom hand driven below 15m but can
reach 40+ meters with power tools
Individual Well Springs
(Types According to Method of Construction):
Jetted Well
• Use of extreme water pressure so as not to
affect existing foundations in the vicinity
• Makes use of a suction pump above, while
casing acts as the pump riser
• Used only where ground is relatively soft,
hence sometimes referred to as “Sand-Point
Wells”
Individual Well Springs
(Types According to Method of Construction):
Driven Well
• Dug with a sharp pointed hollow slotted iron
rod and well screen
• Depths are from 10-15 meters
Drilled Well
• Used for drilling soil
• Can reach up to 1000 m
• Can serve as water supply for single
households, for small rural communities and
for more urban areas
Locating a Well
2 most common sources of contamination:
• Septic Tank/ Leach Fields
• Livestock Feedlots
Location must not be less than 100 ft. away
from such pollution sources
Locate on higher ground
The deeper the well, the better for natural
filtration
Methods of Well Screening
• Well screens are made of non-corrosive
material like brass
• Natural material like stones and rock
sediment provide additional screening
• To keep loose sand and gravel from
collapsing into the borehole, it is
necessary to use well casing and screen.
The screen supports the borehole walls
while allowing water to enter the well;
unslotted casing is placed above the
screen to keep the rest of the borehole
open and serve as a housing for
pumping equipment.
