Efficiently Triggering Debugging and Triggering, Decoding Low-Speed Serial Buses

Milan 4 September 2008

Agenda g
Introduction
Parallel Interconnects Transition from Parallel to Serial Buses High-Speed versus Low-Speed Serial Data Buses

Low-Speed Serial Data Buses

Challenges Technology Reviews Measurement Solutions

Summary

Parallel Interconnects
Traditional way to connect digital devices used parallel buses Advantages
Simple point-to-point connections All signals are transmitted in g parallel, simultaneously Easy to capture state of bus (if you have enough channels!) Decoding the bus is relatively easy

Disadvantages
Occupies a lot of circuit board space All high-speed connections must be the same length M Many connections limit reliability ti li it li bilit Connectors may be very large

Transition from Parallel to Serial Buses

Parallel data
All data is transferred at the same time and clocked across address and data lines (can be wider than 64 bits)

Event Triggering
State or Pattern event triggering is relatively easy with a logic analyzer or modern oscilloscope

Decoding
Bus decoding is relatively easy, we j t look at the state just l k t th t t

this changes with serial!

High-Speed Serial versus Low-Speed Serial g p p

Critical Timing Compliance Tests Point-to-Point Data Troubleshooting in RF Realm
1GbE XAUI 100MbE 10MbE PCI Express

High-Speed

Timing Less Critical Multicast Data Troubleshooting T bl h ti Connections

CAN LIN RS-232 I 2C Infiniband FlexRay SPI Firewire

SATA

USBII

MOST

USB

D2B

J1805

Low-Speed Serial Data Challenges: Market p g

Low-cost Consumer Electronics
Falling prices of consumer electronics (DVD players, digital cameras, laptop PCs, etc.) with increasing levels of complexity
Consumer Electronics
Integrated devices Upgradeability Mobility

Automotive Electronics
Simplifying automotive wiring Automotive suppliers looking for feature differentiation
Automotive
High % of value in electronics Ecology, safety, and comfort

Miniaturization of Designs
Product size is a critical feature

Communications
Convergence of voice, video, and data Efficient and reliable networks

Low-Speed Serial Data Challenges: Business p g

Engineers are being tasked to do more but resources remain limited Making measurements needs to be eas e , faster, a d more easier, aste , and o e accurate Time to market pressures, where design and debug efficiency is critical
Next Generation Signaling Needs Require New Levels of Instrumentation Performance and A l i P f d Analysis

Low-Speed Serial Data Challenges: Design p g g

Serial communication improves circuit board designs
Serial interfaces are integrated into processors, ASICs, FPGAs, Fewer connections L Lower t t l component cost total t t

Low-speed serial standards are less demanding than high-speed serial standards
Timing between signals and signal integrity is less critical to bus operation C Compliance t ti i t i ll not li testing is typically t necessary Bus topologies are not limited to point-topoint networks

Transaction Data Link Physical Logical Electrical

End-user products often contain multiple serial standards, mixed-signals, mixed-data rates, single ended rates single-ended and differential signals
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Mechanical

Low-Speed Serial Data Challenges: Decoding p g g

Serial bus waveforms can be manually decoded with an oscilloscope, but it is tedious and error-prone Hardware e g ee s need to verify a d a e engineers eed e y connections and adequate signal integrity for the bus to transmit data Software/firmware engineers need to verify the bus messages are being sent as expected System engineers need t verify the S t i d to if th system components are working together as designed All engineers want a simple, easyto-use, and complete solution that is economical
RS-232 Decoding Formats
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Agenda g
Introduction
Parallel Interconnects Transition from Parallel to Serial Buses High-Speed versus Low-Speed Serial Data Buses

Low-Speed Serial Data Buses

Challenges Technology Reviews Measurement Solutions

Summary

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CAN (Controller Area Network) Review ( )

Used for system-to-system communication in Automotive, Industrial Automation, and Medical Equipment , q p A serial asynchronous, multi-master, layered communication network p p Data rates from 10 kbps to 1 Mbps Sophisticated error detection and error handling mechanisms g g pp p Flexible signaling support for low-cost implementation Physical bus is single-wire, dual-wire, and fault tolerant

Tx CAN Controller CAN Rx CAN_L

Rx Electronic Control Unit

Tx

CAN Physical Layer

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CAN Data and Remote Frame Overview

SOF - begins with a start of frame (SOF) bit Arbitration - includes Identifier (address) and Remote Transmission Request (RTR) bit
Identifier can be standard format (11 bits - version 2.0A) or extended format (29 bits - version 2.0B) RTR used to distinguish between a data frame and a data request frame, also called a remote frame IDE distinguishes between CAN 2.0A (11 bit identifier) standard frame and CAN 2.0B (29 bit identifier) extended frame DLC i a f is four bi i di i of the # of b bit indication f h f bytes i the d in h data fi ld of a D field f Data f frame or the # of b h f bytes b i requested b a R being d by Remote f frame

Control - six bits including the Identifier Extension (IDE) bit and Data Length Code (DLC)

Data - consists of zero to eight bytes of data CRC - a fifteen bit cyclic redundancy check code and a recessive delimiter bit ACK - acknowledge field is two bits long
First is the slot bit, transmitted as recessive, but then overwritten by dominant bits transmitted from any node that successfully receives the transmitted message Second bit is a recessive delimiter bit

EOF - Seven recessive bits indicate the end of frame (EOF) INT - intermission field of three recessive bits indicates the bus is free

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Bus Idle time may be any arbitrary length including zero

CAN Solution on Tek 4000 Series Oscilloscope p

Search and Mark Feature

Event Table Displays Decoded p y CAN Message Frames with Timestamps

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Tektronix Measurement Solution

Evaluation of CAN Bus ECU Performance

Signal Generator: AFG3252
Replicates Sensors Signal

Oscilloscope: MSO4104
Validates ECUs CAN bus message Measures latency of sensor/ECU y chain

MSO4104 AFG3252

Trigger

Analog
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ECU

CAN Bus Message

Tektronix Measurement Solution

Creating Low-Speed Serial Signals g p g

ArbExpress to Import, Edit, Save, and Export MSO4104 to Capture AFG3252 to Generate

Low-Speed Serial Transmitter

Slave Device Under Test

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CAN Demonstration
AFG3xxx MSO4xxx ArbExpress 2.3 TekVisa 3 3 0 1 4 3.3.0.1.4

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Complete Solution for Low-Speed Serial Data

Tektronix Oscilloscopes p
MSO/DPO4000 Series Oscilloscopes
MSO/DPO4032, MSO/DPO4034, MSO/DPO4054, MSO/DPO4104 Serial Triggering and Decoding with Application Modules Application Modules
DPO4AUTO: Automotive Serial Triggering and Analysis Module (CAN, LIN) DPO4EMBD: Embedded Serial Triggering and Analysis Module (I2C SPI) (I2C, DPO4COMP: Embedded Serial Triggering and Analysis Module (RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, UART) DPO4AUTOMAX: Extended Automotive Serial Triggering and Analysis Module (CAN, LIN FlexRay) (CAN LIN, Fl R )

DPO7000 Series Oscilloscopes

DPO7054, DPO7104, DPO7254 I2C, SPI, and RS-232 Triggering is Standard Application Modules
TDSVNM: Serial Trigger, Decode, and Analysis for CAN and LIN Option LSA used with ATM 1 (Automotive Trigger Module) ATM-1
Dedicated Trigger Module for CAN for Logical and Advanced Triggering

Additional oscilloscope-resident application support

PDI-R I2C Protocol Decode Software PDS R SPI Protocol decode software PDS-R PDF-R FlexRay Protocol decode software
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Complete Solution for Low-Speed Serial Data

Tektronix Oscilloscope Product Advisor p

DPO/MSO4000 Series IC SPI RS-232/422/485/UART
2

DPO7000 Series
*5

Trigger Decode, Search, Event Table, Export Trigger Decode, Search, Event Table, Export Trigger Decode, Search, Event Table, Export Trigger

*1 *1 *1 *1 *2 *2 *3 3 *3 *7 7 *7 *7 *3 *3 *4 *4 *8 *7 *9 *9 *9 *6

CAN

Decode, Search, Event Table, Export Eye diagrams, Oscillator Timing, Bus Traffic Statistics

LIN

Trigger Decode, Search, Event Table, Export Trigger

FlexRay

Decode, Search, Event Table, Export Eye Diagrams, Time Interval Error, Sync Measurements Diagrams Error

Legend
Suggested best tool for the task Available for the task Not available
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Notes
*1 Option DPO4EMBD *2 Option DPO4COMP *3 Option DPO4AUTO or DPO4AUTOMAX *4 Option DPO4AUTOMAX *5 With PDI-R *6 With PDS-R *7 Option LSA *8 With ATM-1 *9 With PDF-R

Complete Solution for Low-Speed Serial Data

Tektronix Probes and Signal Generators g

Differential and Single-Ended TekVPI Probes
TDP1000, TDP0500, and TCP0030 are well suited for CAN bus signals All TekVPI Probes Provide:
Connect directly to the MSO/DPO4000 Series oscilloscopes TekVPI probes are automatically deskewed to within 1 ns Automatic units scaling and readout on the oscilloscope display Built-in probe calibration routines Probe controlled via switches on the probe or through the oscilloscope probe menu

Signal Generators
AFG3000 Series
Simulate I2C, CAN, LIN, RS-232 data and clock signals Generate analog sensor signals for ECU evaluation Up to 2 analog or digital outputs

AWG5000 Series
Generate analog, digital and mixed signals Up to 4 analog outputs 28 digital outputs and 8 variable level marker outputs outputs, outputs, Real-time waveform sequencing for loops, jumps, patterns and conditional branches

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