DISSERTATION REPORT

On
“IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURSHIP A STUDY IN INDIAN CONTEXT
WITH REFERENCE TO UTTAR PRADESH”

For the award of the degree of

MASTER OF COMMERCE ([Link])

Submitted By
Swapnil Garg
Roll No. 2211422120027

Submitted To
Ms. Sushma Kushwaha
(Assistant Professor)

C.D. GIRLS DGREE COLLEGE

Affiliated to
UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW, UTTAR
PRADESH
 CERTIFICATE OF COLLEGE

Certified that this is a bonafide report of the project work undertaken by Swapnil

Garg Roll No.: 2211422120027 of [Link] Semester VIth, in partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the award of the Master of Degree in Commerce of

University of Lucknow under my supervision and guidance

Ms. Sushma Kushwaha

Assistant Professor
 DECLARATION

I Swapnil Garg, student of Master of Commerce ([Link]) Program at the C.D. Girls

Degree College. I hereby declare that all the information, facts and figures used in this

research project titled “IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON WOMEN

ENTREPRENEURSHIP A STUDY IN INDIAN CONTEXT WITH

REFERENCE TO UTTAR PRADESH” have been collected by me. I also declare

that this research report has been prepared by me and the same has never been

submitted by the undersigned either in part or in full to any other University or

Institute or published earlier.

This information is true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Date: Swapnil Garg

Roll No. 2211422120027
[Link] IVth Semester
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

With immense pleasure I would like to present this research report on “IMPACT

OF E-COMMERCE ON WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP A STUDY IN

INDIAN CONTEXT WITH REFERENCE TO UTTAR PRADESH”. I would like

to thanks to the Sushma Kushwaha, C.D. Girls Degree College Lucknow for giving

me this opportunity for learning and contribution for the guidance as she directed me

whenever I was in need of it. I am highly obliged for her insightful guidance. I take this

opportunity to thank my mentor who made this experience a memorable one. I express

my thanks towards the college C.D. Girls Degree College Lucknow, for extending their

support.

Swapnil Garg
Roll No. 2211422120027
[Link] IVth Semester

4
 INDEX

SI. NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO

1. Introduction of topic 1-30

2. Company Name 31-43

3. Research methodology 44-47

 Primary data
 Secondary data
 Objectives of the study
 Scope of the study

4. Data analysis and interpretation 48-63

5. Findings, suggestions and conclusion 64-67

6. References 68

7. Appendix 69-72

5
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Indian women are considered as a source of power (Shakti) since mythological times.

The Hindus worship goddesses as mothers. But in reality, women occupy a back seat to

men. Moreover, they are revered as mothers, sisters and other social bondages. Many

poets have imagined woman’s minds as ocean. The upper layers of their minds, like

those of the ocean, have turbulent waves. But depths are serene and meditative. The

truth is acknowledged by the Bhagvad Geeta wherein Lord Krishna describes his

manifestation in the feminine quality of Medha or higher intelligence.

History:

The concept of entrepreneur came into enlightenment in the 19th century especially the

term "women entrepreneurs". The story of entrepreneurship development begun in

ancient India. Entrepreneurship basically incorporates the function of seeing investment

and producing opportunity, organizing an enterprise to undertake ventures on production

and service.

Considering the participation of women in ancient India, it is found that the Rig Vedic

Age women were the co-partners in life. Study indicates that Indian woman enjoyed a

high status during the early Vedic period surpassing contemporary civilizations. The

traditional role of a Hindu wife was precisely laid down in Hindu Literature. In earlier

societies, women's role was limited to family; they played an effective role as

homemaker.

1
18th-19thCentury

During the mid 18th century, Indian women used to own certain businesses like retail

shops, and small handloom business and more. During the 18th and 19th centuries, more

women came out from under the domination of society's limits and began to rise into the

public eye. But before the 20th-century women were running a business as a way of

supplementing income.

In modern India, though during British era reforms have been made to improvise the

status of women, it was only after independence, they enjoyed privileges. According to

the constitution, women as similar to men, and various provisions are introduced for up

liftment.

20thCentury

In the early 20s, the involvement of women and their contribution were pretty

noticeable. The figure of businesswomen has expanded, mainly in the 1990s. Women

came forward to utilize modern techniques, investments, finding a niche in the market

and creating sizable employment or other.

The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1991 has highlighted the need to grow women

entrepreneurship programs. As per the 1981Census Report, there were 1.5 lakhs self-

employed women in India that were 5.2%of the total self-employed people of the

country. According to Government of India reports, "Women start small-scale industries

exclusively run by a female, there are more than 2, 95,680 business women claiming

11.2% of total 2.64million entrepreneurs in the country during 1995-96.

Multifarious factors like urbanization, technological advancement and educational status

of women have transformed their conditions. The presence of women in economic

2
development in the unorganized sector, organized sector, self-employment, and

entrepreneurship is encouraging.

The status and role of women have changed rapidly. The thoroughly domesticated ladies

who could not think beyond the welfare of their families now awakened to action. They

have a great desire to progress that is awakening of their dormant individuality. Women

hold enough talent and skills to occupy predominate positions.

With the introduction of liberalization, privatization, and globalization in 1991, the

Indian economy has been working through a radical change. Woman entrepreneurs are

gaining prominent importance, and they are finically supported by the banks and

encouragement by family. Apart from vocational education to moment to climb the

stairs of success

Present Day

In the contemporary world, there exist a plethora of successful business women

entrepreneurs in different fields in India. They are performing well and scraping their

success stories. Government has also introduced numerous schemes like National Skill

Development Policy and National Skill Development Mission to bring skill training,

vocational education, and entrepreneurship program for the emerging workforce.

However, entrepreneurship development and skill training is not the only responsibility

of the government and therefore other stakeholders need to shoulder the responsibility.

According to the Hindu scriptures, women are the embodiment of "Shakti". But in

actual life, they are treated as Abla. Women are leaving the workforce in favour of

working at home. Not to be a home maker but as employment-creating business owners.

The rising participation of women entrepreneurs has transformed the demographic

3
characteristics of the business and economic growth of the country. Businesses owned

by female power are playing a more active role in society and the economy, inspiring

academics to focus on this interesting phenomenon.

Woman Entrepreneurs, from Ancient Period to Modern Day:

Women are described as the better half on men. They play a key role in the conservation

of basic life support systems like land, water, flora, and fauna. In Hindu scriptures,

women are described as the embodiment of Shakti that means a source of power. Today,

their role has changed. A woman is a driver of a family and in turn nation. And, they do

not want to bid their lives in the four walls of the room. They are leaving their marks in

different parts of life, and the entrepreneurial world is not an exception.

In the21st century, business women as entrepreneurs are the highest rising

entrepreneurial populations in the country. Women entrepreneurship has been

recognized as an important source of the economic process. They produce new

employment themselves and others and spring up with amazing solutions for society to

management, organization and business problems. They make a strong contribution to

the economy in the well-being of the family and communities, reducing poverty, and

women's empowerment.

ENTERPRENURSHIP AMONG WOMEN:

Entrepreneurship has been defined differently depending on and in tune with the

changing ethos of socio-economic reality. Nowadays, greater importance is being

ascribed to women entrepreneurs as a part of policy by government and other agencies.

Women represent 50 percent of world’s population and account for two third of total

4
working hours. They received about ten percent of the world’s income and own less then

one percent of the world’s assets. Against this backdrop, women entrepreneurs need a

special treatment as they have to fight against heavy odds and belong to the largest

disadvantaged group in the country; ( Vinze, 1987.) As a result of industrialization,

urbanization and democratization, the women in India are moving towards emancipation

and are seeking gainful employment in various fields. Moreover, in such a transitional

phase, heavily loaded with tradition, the Indian women find it increasingly difficult to

adjust themselves to the dual role that they have to play as traditional housewives or

mother at home front and compete with her men folks in the field of business and

industry. Women have equal opportunities and rights as men. In such a situation, it is

essential to identify suitable technology which will enable the woman to play her role as

an effective entrepreneur without disturbing her priorities. The circumstances in which a

woman entrepreneur has to operate in our society must receive recognition. Some of the

problems faced by women are not the same as an ordinary entrepreneur would face.

Thus, it is necessary to take into account such factors which only women entrepreneurs’

hato face.

What is Women Entrepreneurship?

Women Entrepreneurship implies a process in which a female initiate, lead, own and

organize an enterprise or industry and give employment to others and also contribute in

improving the standard of living of their families.

5
When a woman legally owns and operates an enterprise, holding a minimum of 51%

share capital and employs more than 51 percent of women, is a women-led enterprise

and the initiative is women entrepreneurship.

World over 1/3rd of the entrepreneurial ventures are run by woman entrepreneurs. Due

to economic progress, better access to education, urbanization, spread of liberal and

democratic culture and recognition by society, there has been a spurt in woman

entrepreneurship in India. Special incentives and drives have been created in India to

bolster the growth of women entrepreneurs. Schemes like Startup India and Standup also

make special case to promote entrepreneurial drive among women.

Gradually but steadily, world over, women entrepreneurs have emerged as successful

entrepreneurs while earning many accolades for themselves. For e.g. Oprah Winfrey, an

American entrepreneur, television host and media executive received the Presidential

Medal of Freedom in 2013 for her outstanding work in the field of entertainment and

social impact.

Closer to home, Indian woman Entrepreneur, Kiran Muzumdar Shaw, Chairman and

Managing Director of Biocon Limited, received various coveted corporate award and

civilian awards like Padma Shri (1989) and Padma Bhushan (2005) for her remarkable

contribution to health and medicine industry. Other famous Indian Women

entrepreneurs include personalities like Vandana Luthra, Ekta Kapoor, Naina Lal

Kidwai and so on.

Women entrepreneurship – definitions:

Women entrepreneurs may be defined as a woman or a group of women who initiate,

organise and run a business concern.

6
Schumpeter – ―Women entrepreneurs are those women who innovate, initiate or adopt a

business activity‖.

Frederick Harbison – ―Any women or group of women which innovates, initiates or

adopts an economic activity may be called women entrepreneurship‖.

In short, women entrepreneurs are those women who think of a business enterprise,

initiate it, organise and combine factors of production, operate the enterprise and

undertake risks and handle economic uncertainty involved in running it.

According to J. Schumpeter, ―Women who innovate, initiate or adopt business actively

are called women entrepreneurs.‖

Why women become entrepreneurs?

1. To become economically independent

2. To establish their own enterprise

3. To establish their identity in the society

4. To achieve Excellency in their endeavour

5. To build confidence to themselves

6. To develop risk assuming ability

7. To claim equal status in the society

8. To secure greater freedom and mobility

Women entrepreneurship – need an factors:

7
In modern days, particularly in India, there is a great need for women entrepreneurs.

Several factors are responsible for compelling the women members of the family to set

up their own ventures.

These factors suggesting their need can be broadly classified into two groups:

I) Motivational factors or needs and

II) Facilitating factors or needs.

(I) Motivational Needs:

The following are the motivational needs for which modern women are motivated

to become entrepreneurs:

1) Economic Necessity:

In business, the entry of women is relatively a new phenomenon. Because of the break-

up of the joint family system and the need for additional income for maintaining the

living standards in the face of inflation or rising prices, women have started entering the

most competitive world of business. Thus, because of the economic necessity, women

have begun entering business field for earning some income and increasing their family

income in modern days of inflation.

2) Desire for High Achievement:

Another motive force compelling women to enter business world is their strong desire

for high achievement in their life. In modern days, though women are educated, they are

not able to find jobs in the market place or they may not be able to go out of their homes

for working somewhere else because of family problems.

8
Therefore, a woman is tempted strongly by a desire to achieve something high and

valuable and prove herself as an asset and not a liability to the family. This is the

strongest motivating force for a woman to become an entrepreneurs.

3) Independence:

Another strong motive force compelling a woman to become an entrepreneur is to lead

an independent life with self-confidence and self-respect. The ownership and control of

a successful business provides a woman entrepreneur a prestigious status, personal

reputation and a sense of independence in the society.

4) Government Encouragement:

The Government and non-government bodies have started giving increasing attention

and encouragement to women’s economic conditions through self- employment and

business ventures.

They have formulated various policies and programmes and introduced various

incentive schemes to promote women entrepreneurs in the country. Such encouragement

and incentive schemes have induced women to undertake business mentors.

4) Education:

Women have been taking up various kinds of technical, vocational, industrial,

commercial and specialised education so as to qualify themselves to be self-employed in

some kind of trade, occupation, vocation or business. Facilities are also being provided

to women in areas where they can grow and blossom as persons in their own right.

Women have proved in modern days that they are no less than men in efficiency, hard

work or intelligence or even they can surpass men in several fields.

9
6) Model Role:

Women, like men, are also desirous of contributing their might to the economic

development of their country. Similarly, our women in India would like to play a key

role model. They have already entered other fields like politics, education, social field,

administration, etc. Now they have started entering the business field where they can

also show their importance as in other fields.

7) Family Occupation:

Family occupation is an important factor motivating a woman member to participate in

the family business, along with her husband and other members of the family. There is a

great need for women to undertake economic activity or business of the family and

support their families in family occupation or family business so as to reduce the

expenses of the family business and increase its income.

8) Employment Generation:

Another influencing factor that motivates women to become entrepreneurs is the

creation of employment opportunities. Women entrepreneurs generally take up labour

intensive small scale and village industries or handicrafts and they have high potential in

employment generation. Therefore, they serve as a solution to the widespread problem

of women unemployment to some extent.

9) Self Identity and Social Status:

Women desire to enjoy some social status and recognition in the society. Women

entering business can achieve such a position of self-identity and recognition of social

10
status because they come in contact with high level officers, ministers, authorities, and

others holding high positions.

10) Growing Awareness:

With the spread of education and the growing awareness among women, the women

entrepreneurs have been increasing, not only in the kitchen extension activities i.e. the 3

Ps viz. pickles, powder (masala) and papad or the traditional cottage industries, such as

toy-making, basket-making etc. as they require less technical know-how, but they are

entering also into engineering, electronics and many other industries which require high

level technical skill. Thus, women entrepreneurs are found in such technical industries

as T.V. capacitor, electronic ancillaries, and small foundries.

Thus, in modern days, women do not want to stay within the four walls of a house but

they want to become, like their male, counterparts, achievement-oriented, career-minded

and economically independent so that they would be able to provide costly high level

medical and technical education to their children and, lead a high standard of living in

their life.

Factor (II) Facilitating Needs:

Facilitating needs are the needs for providing various facilities for the successful

working of the women enterprises.

These are given below:

1) Adequate Financial Facilities:

Finance is the life-blood of any business, whether it is run by men entrepreneurs or

women entrepreneurs. The Government has set up industrial estates for women. It

11
should therefore provide the required financial facilities to the women entrepreneurs so

as to motivate them to start their business or industry in such estates.

Several financial schemes like Mahila Udyam Nidhi, Marketing Development Fund etc.,

have been set up only for women entrepreneurs. In addition, banks and development

finance institutions also provide financial assistance to women entrepreneurs. Women

will be tempted to start their own business ventures when such facilities are easily

available to them.

2) Innovative Thinking:

Innovative thinking in women motivate them to become entrepreneurs. Women who

have entrepreneurial talent and who have innovative thinking are naturally induced to

take up small business or industry to convert their innovating and talent into a position

of entrepreneurship instead of employment.

3) Support and Cooperation of the Family:

Another important factor that induces women to take up entrepreneurship is the full co-

operation and encouragement of the family members, particularly, husband, father-in-

law and mother-in-law, grown-up sons and daughters and other members, if any. In a

modern educated family, women members generally enjoy more liberty and economic

freedom. So naturally, they will be anxious to have their own source of income from

their business.

4) Availability of Experienced and Skilled Women:

Women entrepreneurs would be able to provide experienced and skilled people to family

occupations. Therefore, women will be motivated to become entrepreneurs.

12
5) Development Programmes:

The Central and State Governments have started several development and training

programmes particularly for women so as to enable them to become entrepreneurs.

Such training and development programmes provide all types of facilities to women to

start their business independently.

Fredrick Horbison has enumerated the following functions five functions of a

woman entrepreneur:

1. Exploration of the prospects of starting a new business enterprise.

2. Undertaking of risks and handling of economic uncertainties involved in business.

3. Introduction of innovations or imitation of innovations.

4. Co-ordination, administration and control.

5. Supervision and leadership.

It is important to note that different scholars have defined different sets of functions of

entrepreneurs, whether male or female entrepreneurs.

Opportunities of women entrepreneurs:

Although the India is male dominant entrepreneurship country but it is showing steady

growth among the women entrepreneur since from 1980. There are various opportunities

India that compels the women to enter into entrepreneurship. Several women are

becoming entrepreneurs especially the middleclass women due to pull and push of

traditional and changing values. Under the pull factors, the women entrepreneurs choose

a profession as a challenge as an adventure with an urge to do something new and have

13
an independent occupation. Under the push factors women take up business enterprises

to get over financial difficulties when responsibility is thrust on them due to family

circumstances. Some women possess essential qualities such as, ability to manage

details, dedication to work they take up, tolerance and kindness towards people. Due to

Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization along with ongoing IT revolution, more

women are gaining the interest towards entrepreneurship. The liberalization of

economics and increased attention and assistance by governments, international donors,

and Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) has forced Indian women to become the

entrepreneur. The International Women's Year provided further encouragement to the

emergence of women entrepreneurs in India. Despite this there are fewer women

industrial entrepreneurs, struggling to establish and run their industries. The task

therefore is to develop strategies for bringing more women into the entrepreneurial arena

and provide them organized support.

14
(1)Opportunities Based on Business:

Women entrepreneurs are bestowed with numerous business opportunities depending

upon their area, choice of industry, capacity to invest, technical and non-technical skills

etc.,

When a woman decides to become an entrepreneur she has extensive opportunities to

tap into. The following are the opportunities unfolding in different spheres of commerce.

15
i) In the sphere of manufacturing women can start ventures like Agarbathi

manufacturing, papad making, bedspread making, embroidery, export of handicrafts,

apparel manufacturing, sweet stalls, manufacturing soft drinks, pickle making ,

manufacturing garments, handicrafts, printing press etc.

ii) In the sphere of service industries, women entrepreneurs may try their hand in

ventures like catering service, computer centres, tutorial centres, Typewriting institutes,

beauty parlours, dry cleaning, small restaurants, tailoring, crèche, florist shops, event

management etc.,

iii) In the realm of trading ventures, women can enter the ventures like fancy stores,

diagnostic centres, milk distribution, sweet stalls, drug stores, grocery stores, textile

retailing, cool drinks parlour, coffee parlour, cell phone repairs, photo studios,

photocopier firms, working women’s hostel etc.,

iv) Highly educated, experienced and broadly exposed women technocrats can start

larger venture like running hospitals, coaching centres, diagnostic laboratories,

manufacturing activities, suited to their field of specialisation, advertisement and media

firms, call centres, hotels etc.,

(ii) Financial Opportunities

All Banks in India provide financial support to the women Entrepreneur, in the form of

micro small loans to buy Raw Materials and Equipments.

(iii)Non-Financial support:

Women entrepreneurs are provided with the following non-financial support in the form

of :

16
i. Putting in Policies, regulations and legal structures suitable to women entrepreneurs

ii)Financial counselling and training

iii) Business advisory service

iv) Handling legal barriers

v) Establishing Commercial linkages

vi)Client research

vii) Profitability and Efficiency analysis

viii) Offering and designing the products based on their needs

ix)Lower rate of interest

x)Collateral free loans

xi) Simplified processing system

xii) Flexible repayment system based on business nature

(iv)Opportunities Created by Associations:

There are various associations like Self Help Groups (SHG), Federation of Indian

Women Entrepreneurs (FIWE), Women’s India Trust (WIT), Small Industries

Development organisation (SIDO), National Bank for Agriculture and Rural

Development(NABARD), Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), Association

of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka (AWAKE), The International Centre for

Entrepreneurship and Career Development, Tie stree shakti (TSS), Tamilnadu

Corporation for Development of Women Ltd. (TNCDW), Marketing Organisation of

17
Women Enterprises (MOOWES), Women Entrepreneurs Promotion Association

(WEPA), Women Entrepreneurs Association of Tamil Nadu and by google are

aggressively promoting women entrepreneurship in India.

Similarly, MSE cluster development programme bear a substantial portion of the project

cost in respect of ventures owned and managed by women entrepreneurs. The

percentage of guarantee given by Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro and Small

Enterprises extend upto 80% for MSEs owned and operated by women.

(v) Opportunities Created by Government:

Government both Union and Central have put in a number of schemes exclusively for

promotion of women entrepreneurship namely:

i. Stand-Up India Scheme for Women Entrepreneurs

ii. Trade related Entrepreneruship Assistance and Development (TREAD) Scheme for

Women

iii. Mahila Coir Yojana

iv. Mahila E-haat

v. Magalir Udavi Scheme

vi. Prime Minister’s RozgarYojana (PMRY)

vii. Development of Women and Children in Rural India (DWCRA)

viii. Mudra Yojana Scheme for Women

ix. Udyogini Scheme

18
x. TRYCEM

(vi)Opportunities Created through Training Programme:

Government of India has introduced National Skill Development Policy and National

Skill Development Mission in 2009 in order to provide skill training, vocational

education and entrepreneurship development to the emerging work force. This has been

catalysing the emergence of women entrepreneurs in India. The following training

schemes are being implemented for promoting self employment of women by

Government of India.

1. Support for Training and Employment Programme of Women (STEP)

2. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA)

3. Small Industry Service Institutes

4. State Financial Corporations

5. National Small Industries Corporations

6. District Industrial Centres

(vii) Consortium of Women Entrepreneurs of India (CWEI):

Consortium of Women Entrepreneurs of India (CWEI) was registered as a civil society

in the year 1996 which is a non-profit organisation in New Delhi. It is accredited by

Government of India. It is a member of National Board, Ministry of MSME and is

working closely with Ministry of Rural Development in the Public Private Partnership to

support below poverty line families in India. They are rendering the following functions:

i. They are acting as a springboard for enterprises started by the women.

19
ii. It is helping women achieve high economic empowerment.

iii. It is acting as a catalyst to improve the access of womenfolk to natural resources.

iv. It is providing technological support in the sphere of product design and development

in the case of women owned enterprises.

v. It is providing quality control, marketing and technological supports to women owned

enterprises.

vi. It is spreading knowledge to women entrepreneurs about various government

schemes.

In sum, it can be stated that women consortium is an agency providing a comprehensive

service of various types to women owned enterprises.

Challenges faced by the women entrepreneurs:

Women in India are performing various multiple responsibilities. They want to be

efficient workers and try hard to fulfill the job duties. At the same time they want to be

good wives, good mothers and better home managers. She wants to maintain her status

in the society and be respected by the other members of the family. Her sincerity

towards all the responsibilities is itself a cause of trouble. However, the challenges faced

by the women entrepreneurs can be briefly discussed in following areas:

20
Challenge of Finance:

The majority of women rely on their self generated finance during the start up period of

their business but somehow in the middle of their day to day operations they need

external finance which they find very difficult to acquire and thereby miss or deviate

from the route to success. More than half of the cases were identified as mismanagement

of finance led to closure of the venture. Financial support as well as financial viability,

therefore, is the most important considerations of any business proposition.

Socio-cultural challenge:

In India, women have to perform the multiple responsibilities towards family and

society irrespective of her career as working woman or an entrepreneur. These

complicated responsibilities become the impediment in the progress of women and

handicap them in the world of work.

Marketing challenge:

women is lacking in sales and marketing skills that proves to be a graveyard of many

small-scale women entrepreneurs. It has been found that the small-scale entrepreneurs,

owing to their high achievement of market orientation, generally set higher goals in

terms of marketing of their products/ services but later on find them difficult to achieve

because of stiff competition, incurring huge advertisement cost and many other

extraneous factors.

Challenge in Occupational Mobility:

The challenge of shifting their product line from one line to another is the area where

women entrepreneurs are very weak to establish as a winner and thereby occupational

21
Mobility proves to be the weakness for women entrepreneurs. Challenge in Government

Assistance The women entrepreneurs were infuriated by the indifferent attitude of

government officials of all the small industry related departments like taxation, labour,

power, etc. i.e. when the authorities come to know that the unit is being run by a woman,

they discourage allotting sales tax number and giving electricity connection. Above all

they have ignorance about various procedures, laws, and complicated bureaucratic set-

up while dealing with entrepreneurial support organizations. Production challenge:

The women entrepreneur has lack of management potential and therefore she is not able

to control the overall activities production in a manufacturing enterprise. The improper

coordination or unintended delay in execution of any activity is going to cause

production problems in the industry leads to closure of venture.

HR related challenges:

The success of any business is based upon the efficient management of people in an

organization. Most of the women entrepreneurs are lacking in management and are also

unable to change the negative attitude of labour force. Moreover the women

entrepreneurs admitted the lack of experience and self confidence on their part to deal

with personnel working in their organizations. Administrative and Regulatory

Challenges:

The issues related to administrative and regulatory has been often found among the

women entrepreneurs. Micro enterprises of all types can experience problems in meeting

administrative and regulatory requirements, because of the disproportionate effect of

compliance costs on small companies compared with large firms. As a consequence, it is

not surprising that almost half the support organizations specializing in support for

female entrepreneurs identified a problem for their clients in this respect. At the same

22
time, with a few exceptions, administrative and regulatory barriers more significant for

female owned businesses than for male owned firms of a similar size. Challenge of

Management Skills or Training:

Women entrepreneurs lacked management skills to a greater extent than small

businesses in general, perhaps because of their lower propensity to have had previous

business experience Although difficulties in accessing business advice or support

appears to be a minor rather than major problem for women entrepreneurs, a significant

minority of specialist organizations felt than women are particularly disadvantaged in

this respect. Difficulties with language caused problems for their clients or members,

with five feeling that women faced specific difficulties in this respect.

Male dominancy challenge:

India is known for its male dominance in the field of entrepreneurship. A woman is

dominated by men in her family as well as in business. Often she has to obtain

permission from men for almost everything. They are not treated as equals. Her freedom

is restricted. She always has to consult and get approval of men.

Low risk bearing ability:

Indian women found her dependent right from the childhood. Before marriage parents

take decisions for her and after marriage her husband takes over. She is protected

throughout and thus possesses low risk bearing ability.

Limited mobility:

Due to primary household responsibilities towards her family, her time gets divided

between the two worlds. She has restricted timings for work due to which, she is not in a

23
position to travel frequently and be away for longer periods. Thus, her mobility is

restricted. This also has an implication on business.

Lack of confidence:

In India women always remains dependent on family for every decision and thereby

becomes unable bring self confidence. Due to this reason, even at home, family

members do not have much faith in women possessing the abilities of decision-making.

Apart from the above hurdles, various policies and efforts have been made by various

governmental and nongovernmental agencies in order to promote and encourage the

women entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship development in India has received much

attention during the last few years. Several policies, Programmes, procedures and

institutions have been formulated to support development of entrepreneurship among

women in India.

Barriers to Indian Women Entrepreneurs of India:

But like mentioned before, countless hurdles have been laid for Indian women over the

years. Surpassing all of these hurdles successfully is still a challenge. These are some of

the problems women face after starting their business:

• Family problems

• Management of Finance

• Managing manpower

• Professional disrespect

24
The key reason of women being blocked from business is that they are women. Male

prejudice is still prevalent in India. Male is still considered the dominant gender and sole

bread provider. The view that Indian women lack self-confidence, willpower, mental

composure and entrepreneurial attitude has made devastating effects on India. This view

has kept the women from becoming leaders and has also instilled fear in women.

This age-old prejudice has also convinced a portion of women that they are unable to

take risks; that they are unable to access technology, deal effectively with workers and

that the best job for them is to raise a family. However, India is full of examples new

and old that a woman can be an entrepreneur and a successful one at that. Compared to

men, fewer female businesses fail because of poor financial management once their

business gets a kick start.

Solutions to Barriers:

The problems women face as a challenge for government and the authorities to tackle,

but with the right approach and some time, they can be solved. Every Indian must

understand the importance of women entrepreneurship. On top of all, women need

motivation and any discouragement must be dealt with. Following are some measures

that can be taken to make women empowered so that they can continue their business

activities as confidently as Indian men.

• Creating better education opportunities.

• Making provisions for personality development and training.

• Improving communication skills.

• Institutions where women can learn entrepreneurial skills and risk taking abilities.

25
• Measures to change the attitude of society concerning women and women

entrepreneurs in India. • Attempts from nongovernmental bodies like agencies, trusts,

welfare societies and NGOs.

• More women’s associations for better financing and capital management.

• Providing nationwide platform for women like forums to discuss prevalent issues and

solutions to deal with such shortcomings.

Policies and Schemes for Women Entrepreneurs in India:

In India, the Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises development organizations, various

State Small Industries Development Corporations, the nationalized banks and even

NGOs are conducting various programmes including Entrepreneurship Development

Programmes (EDPs) to cater to the needs of potential women entrepreneurs, who may

not have adequate educational background and skills. The Office of DC (MSME) has

also opened a Women Cell to provide coordination and assistance to women

entrepreneurs facing specific problems.

There are also several other schemes of the government at central

and state level, which provide assistance for setting up training-cum-income generating

activities for needy women to make them economically independent. Small Industries

Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has also been implementing special schemes for

women entrepreneurs.

In addition to the special schemes for women entrepreneurs, various

government schemes for MSMEs also provide certain special incentives and

concessions for women entrepreneurs. For instance, under Prime Minister’s Rozgar

Yojana (PMRY), preference is given to women beneficiaries. The government has also

26
made several relaxations for women to facilitate the participation of women

beneficiaries in this scheme. Similarly, under the MSE Cluster Development Programme

by Ministry of MSME, the contribution from the Ministry of MSME varies between 30-

80% of the total project in case of hard intervention, but in the case of clusters owned

and managed by women entrepreneurs, contribution of the M/o MSME could be upto

90% of the project cost. Similarly, under the Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme for Micro

and Small Enterprises, the guarantee cover is generally available upto 75% of the loans

extended; however the extent of guarantee cover is 80% for MSEs operated and/ or

owned by women.

Some of the special schemes for women entrepreneurs implemented by the

government bodies and allied institutions are provided below:

• Schemes of Ministry of MSME

o Trade related entrepreneurship assistance and development (TREAD) scheme for

women

o Mahila Coir Yojana

• Schemes of Ministry of Women and Child Development

o Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women (STEP)

o Swayam Siddha

• Schemes started by various states for women development are as under:

• Schemes of Kerala State Women’s Development Corporation

o Self employment loan programmes

27
o Educational loan schemes

o Single women benefit schemes

o Job oriented training programmes

o Marketing support for women entrepreneurs

• Kerala Government’s Women Industries Programme

• Delhi Government’s Stree Shakti Project

• Schemes of Delhi Commission for Women (Related to Skill development and training)

• Incentives to Women Entrepreneurs Scheme, 2008, Government of Goa

• Magalir Udavi Scheme, Pudhucherry Government

• Financing Schemes by Banks/ Financial Institution's

Associations Promoting Women Entrepreneur:

A brief analysis of various associations and agencies that are functioning at state and

national levels to promote women entrepreneurs is made for reference.

1. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) :

This is a voluntary association of small group of self-employed rural or urban

women entrepreneurs who join together to take care of group welfare. The group

with the help of financial institutions and other NGOs get their needs satisfied.

Each member contributes little amount to cover seed money. Rest will be taken

care off by FIs or NG0s. Governments also provide funds through FIs. For

example, in Karnataka ―Stree Shakti‖ scheme by Government of Karnataka.

28
 SHGs provide facilities to its members in the form of loan or raw material for

production or skilled labor etc. These associations are helping small women

entrepreneurs to start and develop home-based business. Women belonging to

weaker sections of the society have been greatly benefited in their entrepreneural

activities.

2. Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs (FIWE):

FIWE is the outcome of resolution passed in 4th International Conference

Women Entrepreneurs held at Hyderabad. This was founded in 1993. It mainly

interacts with various women associations of the country through a network to

facilitate the members in diversified activities.

Activities of FIWE are as follows:

1. To provide network facilities to women entrepreneurs in the country and

abroad to develop their business.

2. To provide facilities to member associations in the areas of marketing, quality

control, export management, standardisation and also provides training facilities

in these areas.

3. Facilitates the member associations to participate in national and International

conference, fairs, exhibitions, to provide greater exposure to women

entrepreneurs in local, regional, national and global business environment and

provide an access to various business opportunities available.

4. Provides facilities to expand the business of members and of member

associations. It may be new project or extension of the existing business.

3. Women’s India Trust (WTI) :

This trust was established in 1968. The promoter Kamila Tyabji made a small

beginning with two shops in Mumbai and a training and production centre at

29
Panvel. The trust was started with the main objective of helping women

entrepreneurs. Encouraged by the growth of the activities of the trust, it further

extended its activities which are as follows.

1. Establishing Kamila Trust in UK in 1994 to market the products of WTI

members. The trust made its beginning by selling the products from door to door

and then opened a shop in London under the name ―KASHI‖.

2. Encouraged by its success in London, WIT extended the export activities to

Australia, Europe and Germany from 1995 onwards.

30
 CHAPTER-2

COMPANY NAME

[Link]

Flipkart is an Indian e-commerce company headquartered in UTTAR PRADESH,

Karnataka. It was founded by Sachin Bansal and BinnyBansal in 2007. In its initial

years, Flipkart focused on online sales of books, but it later expanded to electronic

goods and a variety of other products. Flipkart offers multiple payment methods like

credit card, debit card, net banking, e-gift voucher and Cash on Delivery.

Flipkart went live in 2007 with the objective of making books easily available to anyone

who had internet access. They’re present across various categories including movies,

music, games, mobiles, cameras, computers, healthcare and personal products, home

appliances and electronics – and still counting!

With over 11.5 million book titles, 11 different categories, more than 2 million

registered users and sale of 30000 items a day, they’re one of the leading e-commerce

players in the country.

Their success is largely due to their obsession with providing customers a memorable

online shopping experience. Be it Cash on Delivery, a 30-day replacement policy, EMI

options, free shipping - and of course the great prices that they offer. Then there's

dedicated Flipkart delivery team that works round the clock to personally make sure

packages reach on time. For now they're present in 27 lucky cities, but don't worry,

plans are underway to spread to many others.

31
History of [Link]

Flipkart was founded in 2007 by Sachin and BinnyBansal, both alumni of the Indian

Institute of Technology, Delhi. They worked for [Link] before quitting and

founding their own company. They both were solid coders and wanted to open a portal

that compared different e-commerce websites, but there were hardly any such sites in

India and they decided to give birth to their own e-commerce venture - [Link].

Thus was born Flipkart in Oct 2007 with an initial investment of 4 lac (co-founders

savings). It was never going to be easy since India had a bad past experiences with e-

commerce trading. It was not an easy segment to break into, people were very particular

in paying money for something which they had not seen and received. The trust was

missing in the Indian customers. So what Flipkart had to do was to instil trust and faith

in their customers. And they did exactly the same later.

Initially they used word of mouth marketing to popularise their [Link] began

with selling books, since books are easy to procure, target market which reads books is

in abundance, books provide more margin, are easy to pack and deliver, do not get

damaged in transit and most importantly books are not very expensive, so the amount of

money a customer has to spend to try out one's service for one time is very minimal.

Flipkart sold only books for the first two years. A few months later, the company sold its

first book on [Link]—John Woods' Leaving Microsoft to Change the World.

Flipkart started with the consignment model (procurement based on demand) i.e. they

had ties with 2 distributors in UTTAR PRADESH, whenever a customer ordered a book,

they used to personally procure the book from the dealer, pack the book in their office

and then courier the same. In the initial months the founder's personal cell numbers used

to be the customer support numbers. So, in the start they tried their best to provide good

32
service, focus on the website - easy to browse and order and hassle-free, and strove hard

to resolve any customer issues. Since there were not any established players in the

market, this allowed them a lot of space to grow, and they did in fact grew very rapidly.

Flipkart Today

Today, as per Alexa traffic rankings, Flipkart is amongst the top 20 Indian Web sites and

has been credited with being India's largest online bookseller with over 11 million titles

on offer. The store started with selling books and in 2010 branched out to selling CDs,

DVDs, mobile phones and accessories, cameras, computers, computer accessories and

peripherals, and in 2011, pens & stationery, other electronic items such as home

appliances, kitchen appliances, personal care gadgets, health care products etc. Further

in 2012, Flipkart added A.C, air coolers, school supplies, office supplies, art supplies &

life style products to its product portfolio. As of today,The Company started from 2

employees and now employs more than 4500 people.

[Link] started off from selling books in 2007, based inUTTAR PRADESH, and

entered then consumer electronics category with the launch of mobilephones, in

September 2010. Since then it kept on adding more new productscategories including

books, mobiles, computers, cameras, home & electronic gadgets& appliances, In

addition to these very Recently, [Link] has also widened itsforay by entering into

the emerging digital content market with the recent launch ofFlyte, the digital music

store & is still continuing to enlarge its product [Link] is now one of the leading e-

commerce players in India, currently ranks at the top 20websites in India, spread in 37

cities, with 11.5 million plus book titles, 14 differentcategories, 3 million plus registered

users and sale of 30000 items a [Link] provides online-shoppers a memorable online-

shopping experience because of itsinnovative services like:

33
• Cash on Delivery,

• 30-day replacement policy,

• Easy Monthly Instalment options (EMI),

• Free shipping

• Discounted prices & deals

34
ABOUT THE AMAZON

Amazon was founded in 1994, spurred by what Bezos called "regret minimization

framework", his effort to fend off regret for not staking a claim in the Internet gold rush.

"In his typically analytic way, Bezos cast his decision in what he calls the "regret-

minimization framework." He imagined that he was 80 years old and looking back at his

life. And suddenly everything became clear to him. When he was 80, he'd never regret

having missed out on a six-figure Christmas bonus; he wouldn't even regret having tried

to build an online business and failed. "In fact, I'd have been proud of that, proud of

myself for having taken that risk and tried to participate in that thing called the Internet

that I thought was going to be such a big deal. It was like the wild, wild West, a new

frontier. And I knew that if I didn't try this, I would regret it. And that would be

inescapable."

The company began as an online bookstore named "[Link]", a name quickly

abandoned for sounding like "cadaver"; while the largest brick-and-mortar bookstores

and mail-order catalogues for books might offer 200,000 titles, an on-line bookstore

could offer more. Bezos renamed the company "Amazon" after the world's biggest river.

Since 2000, Amazon's logotype is an arrow leading from A to Z, representing the desire

to sell many products.

The domain [Link] attracted at least 615 million visitors annually by 2008

according to a [Link] survey. This was twice the numbers of [Link].

Amazon's initial business plan was unusual: the company did not expect a profit for four

to five years; the strategy was effective. Amazon grew steadily in the late 1990s while

other Internet companies grew blindingly fast. Amazon's "slow" growth provoked

35
stockholder complaints: that the company was not reaching profitability fast enough.

When the dot-com bubble burst, and many e-companies went out of business, Amazon

persevered, and, finally, turned its first profit in the fourth quarter of 2002: U.S. $5

million, just 1¢ a share, on revenues of more than U.S. $1 billion, but the profit was

symbolically important.

Merchant partnerships

[Link] powers and operates retail web sites for Target, Sears Canada, Benefit

Cosmetics, Bebe Stores, Timex Corporation, Marks & Spencer, Mothercare and Lacoste.

For a growing number of enterprise clients, currently including the UK merchants Marks

& Spencer, Benefit Cosmetics' UK entity and Mothercare, Amazon provides a unified

multichannel platform from whence a customer can interchangeably interact with the

retail website, standalone in-store terminals, and phone-based customer service agents.

Amazon Web Services also powers AOL's Shop@AOL.

The company was founded as a result of what Jeff Bezos called his "regret minimization

framework," which described his efforts to fend off any regrets for not participating

sooner in the Internet business boom during that [Link] 1994, Bezos left his

employment as vice-president of D. E. Shaw & Co., a Wall Street firm, and moved to

Seattle, Washington. He began to work on a business planfor what would eventually

become [Link] July 5, 1994, Bezos initially incorporated the company with

the name Cadabra, [Link] changed the name to [Link], Inc. a few months later,

after a lawyer misheard its original name as "cadaver".In September 1994, Bezos

purchased the URL [Link] and briefly considered naming his online store

Relentless, but friends told him the name sounded a bit sinister. The domain is still

owned by Bezos and still redirects to the [Link] company went online as

36
[Link] in [Link] selected the name Amazon by looking through the

dictionary; he settled on "Amazon" because it was a place that was "exotic and

different", just as he had envisioned for his Internet enterprise. The Amazon River, he

noted, was the biggest river in the world, and he planned to make his store the biggest

bookstore in the [Link] placed a premium on his head start in building a brand and

told a reporter, "There's nothing about our model that can't be copied over time. But you

know, McDonald's got copied. And it still built a huge, multibillion-dollar company. A

lot of it comes down to the brand name. Brand names are more important online than

they are in the physical world."Additionally, a name that began with "A" was

preferential due to the probability it would occur at the top of any list that was

[Link] reading a report about the future of the Internet that projected annual

Web commerce growth at 2,300%, Bezos created a list of 20 products that could be

marketed online. He narrowed the list to what he felt were the five most promising

products, which included: compact discs, computer hardware, computer software, videos,

and books. Bezos finally decided that his new business would sell books online, due to

thelarge worldwide demand for literature, the low price points for books, along with the

huge number of titles available in print. Amazon was founded in the garage of Bezos'

home in Bellevue, Washington.

Digital marketing involves the promotion of products and services using digital

distribution channels that reach consumers in a timely, relevant, personal, and cost

effective manner. At a high level, digital channels can have many categories, such as the

internet, mobile, digital outdoors, and any form of interactive digital media. Each

category has multiple digital tools/ sub-channels that can support digital marketing.

These include:

37
  Internet- Email banner ads, dedicated websites, pop-up ads, sponsored content,

paid keyword search, podcasts, etc… Newer channels comprise social networks,

blogs, wikis, widgets, virtual words, online gaming etc…

 Mobile- SMS,MMS, mobile Web, mobile application and mobile video

 Digital outdoors – Stills,/ video digital display, interactive kiosks

 Interactive digital medium – interactive television channels

Any combination of the above channels can be used to gain maximum visibility with

utmost impact among targeted customers, thereby enabling more business at a

reasonable cost. While digital channels empower marketers with a tremendous

advantage in terms of their extensive reach, leveraging their potential requires effective

management of multiple channels with complex variables to realize optimal value

38
Snapdeal is an Indian e-commerce company based in New Delhi, India. The company

was started by Kunal Bahl and Rohit Bansal in February 2010. As of 2014, Snapdeal

had 3,00,000 sellers, over 3 crore products across 800+ diverse categories from over

1,25,000 regional, national, and international brands and retailers and a reach of 6,000

towns and cities across the country.

Investors in the company include SoftBank Corp, Ru-Net Holdings, Tybourne Capital,

PremjiInvest, Alibaba Group, Temasek Holdings, Bessemer Venture Partners, IndoUS

Ventures, Kalaari Capital, Saama Capital, Foxconn Technology Group, Blackrock,

eBay, Nexus Ventures, Intel Capital, Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, Singapore-based

investment entity Brother Fortune Apparel and Ratan Tata. In April 2015, Snapdeal

acquired FreeCharge for $400 million, but resold the mobile-payments company in

2017.

History

Snapdeal was founded on 4 February 2010 as a daily deals platform, but expanded in

September 2011 to become an online marketplace. Snapdeal has grown to become one

of the largest online marketplace in India offering an assortment of 3 crore products

across diverse categories from over 3,00,000 sellers, shipping to more than 6,000 towns

and cities in India. In March 2015, Snapdeal brought actor Aamir Khan for the

promotion of its website in India. In October 2017, Snapdeal's CFO Anup Vikal

resigned.

39
Funding

Snapdeal has received several rounds of funding. It received its first funding worth

US$12 million from Nexus Venture Partners and Indo-US Venture Partners in January

2011. This was followed by another round in July 2011 worth US$45 million from

Bessemer Venture Partners and existing investors. The third round of funding was worth

US$50 million and came from eBay and other pre-existing investors.

Three years later, in February 2014, Snapdeal raised funding of US$133 million. This

round was led by eBay with participation from then-current institutional investors:

Kalaari Capital, Nexus Venture Partners, Bessemer Venture Partners, Intel Capital and

Saama Capital. In May of the same year, funding worth US$105 million was raised.

This was backed by investors BlackRock, Temasek Holdings, PremjiInvest and others.

Softbank invested US$647 million in October 2014, making it the largest investor in

Snapdeal so far.

In August 2015, Alibaba Group, Foxconn and SoftBank invested US$500 million as

fresh capital. In February of the following year, one of the world's largest pension funds,

Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan, and Singapore-based investment entity Brother Fortune

Apparel, led an investment worth US$200 million in the Jasper Infotech-owned

company.

In May 2017, Snapdeal raised funding worth ₹ 113 crore funding from Nexus Venture

Partners. cquisition

Snapdeal has acquired several business enterprises. In June 2010, Snapdeal owners

Jasper Infotech Pvt Ltd acquired Bengaluru-based group buying website [Link]

for an undisclosed amount. In April 2012, Delhi-based online sports goods retailer

40
[Link] was acquired. This was followed in 2013 by the acquisition of [Link],

an online marketplace for Indian handicraft products. In 2014, SnapDeal acquired

[Link], a fashion product discovery technology platform, and [Link], a

tech platform that uses machine learning to deliver recommendations for gift purchases.

Both deals were for undisclosed amounts.

Snapdeal made majority of its acquisitions in the year 2015. In January, it acquired a

stake in product comparison website, [Link] by the acquisition of

luxury fashion products discovery site, [Link]. In March, the firm acquired 20%

stake in logistics service company [Link]. Two more acquisitions in the same

month were eCommerce management software and fulfillment solution provider,

[Link] and RupeePower, a digital platform for financial transactions. In

April 2015, mobile-payments company [Link] was acquired. Programmatic

display advertising platform, Reduce Data was acquired in September of the same year.

In August 2016, logistics firm Pigeon Express acquired a 51% stake in GoJavas with

Snapdeal holding 49% stake in the firm.

Merger

In August 2016, rumors surfaced through a VCCircle exclusive article that Snapdeal

was considering possibilities of mergers with its bigger rivals Flipkart and Amazon. The

speculations about a possible merger became more concrete in April 2017 when a

number of media houses reported that Softbank, one of the major investors in Snapdeal,

wanted the company to merge with Flipkart. The discussions on merger

with Flipkart went on for a number of months and ended in July 2017 when the deal

failed to get approved by 100% of investors as required by the terms put forth

by Flipkart. Founders' opposition to the deal, several indemnity clauses related to

41
Snapdeal's financials and minority stakeholders' discontentment over special payouts to

Kalaari Capital and Nexus Venture Partners, Snapdeal's early investors, were among the

many reasons that lead to the breakdown of the deal. This was followed by Snapdeal's

founders taking a decision to continue operating Snapdeal as an independent company

with Snapdeal 2.0 as their new vision.

However, amid the merger discussions, Freecharge, a mobile payments company bought

by Snapdeal in April 2015, was sold to Axis Bank for $60 million. Freecharge was

originally acquired by Snapdeal for $400 million.

42
Business results

In the year 2012-13, Snapdeal had said that it expected revenues of about Rs.600 crore

(US$83 million). Betting big on the growth of mobile commerce, Kunal Bahl, the CEO,

said at the time that 15-20 per cent of the sales on Snapdeal came through m-commerce.

[Link] expected the total sale of products traded on its platform to cross Rs.2,000

crore (US$280 million) in the fiscal year 2013-14 helped by its robust growth in the past

two years and the growing popularity of e-commerce in India. In June 2014, Snapdeal

announced that it had achieved the milestone of 1000 sellers its platform getting sales of

over Rs.1 crore. Jasper Infotech Pvt. Ltd led Snapdeal registered a revenue growth of

56% to Rs.1,457 crore from Rs.933 crore, but incurred 150% increase in loss from

Rs.1,328 crore in the year ended 31 March 2016 The year-to-March 2016 numbers

includes the financials of digital payments platform Freecharge, which was acquired by

Snapdeal in April 2015. There was a 40% drop in revenue to Rs.903 crore in the fiscal

year ending in 2017.

43
 CHAPTER-3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research methodology is a systematic theoretical analysis of the methods applied to any

field of the study. This chapter aim to point out methodology that was used in the study

ranging from research design to target population and sampling. It also highlights data

collection methods, approaches and instruments. Beside this, the chapter also presents

the validity and reliability tests as component of the data analysis tools and the ethical

consideration used during the course of data collection.

Research Design:

The research design refers to the overall strategy that one may choose to integrate the

different components of the study in a coherent and logical way. This was done in order

to ensure that research problem was effectively addressed. Research design can also be

considered as a blueprint or the roadmap for the collection, measurement, and analysis

of data

―A research Design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of

data in a manner that to combine relevance to the purpose with economy‖.

Need of the study:

Entrepreneurship Development is a very crucial factor for the acceleration of economic

development. The rural women plays many roles in life and contributes to the well-

being of her family. They want share their family responsibilities by involving in the

income generating activities. Also wants to have the balance between their family and

business lives. Hence the present study is needed to know the status of women

entrepreneurship in the UTTAR PRADESH mandal.

The present inflationary

44
pressures warrant women to join the male members of the family for securing

substantial livelihood

The present inflationary

pressures warrant women to join the male members of the family for securing

substantial livelihood

The present inflationary

pressures warrant women to join the male members of the family for securing

substantial livelihood

Objectives of the study:

The platform has been created with the ideology of ―Women First, Prosperity for

All‖. The following are its objectives.

 To evaluate the factors responsible for encouraging women to become a

entrepreneur.

 To understand the problems encountered by women entrepreneurs in E-

commerce.

 To suggest the strategies for further development of women entrepreneurship in

UTTAR PRADESH City UP

Scope of the study:

The present study is limited to the selected women entrepreneurs in the UTTAR

PRADESH because it is easy for collect the data. The data is collected from 20 women

entrepreneurs.

Source of Data:-

The data gathered for the study is both from the sources of

45
 • Primary Data

• Secondary Data

Primary Data:-

The present study is based on the Primary data and was collected from the women

entrepreneurs through google forms.

Secondary Data:-

Secondary data was collected from various published books, companies’ web sites and

company old records.

Sample Size:-

To draw the meaningful results from the study, 20 women entrepreneurs was taken as

the sample from four different categories:

1. Service

2. Distribution

3. Manufacturing

4. Others

Sampling Technique:-

A sample of 20 women entrepreneurs was taken based on simple random sampling.

The first part of the interview schedule is consisted with the questions regarding

their personal and family details. Most of the questions were kept close ended.

Options were given and space was given to tick mark on the applicable option.

46
Time period of the study:

The study was performed for two month i.e., Saturday and Sunday of every week.

Statistical tools used:

To draw the meaningful results the following statistical tools were used for the

present study.

1. Tabulation

2. Descriptive analysis

3. Percentage analysis

4. Pie charts

47
 CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

Table 01: Based on qualification

Qualification No. of respondents

SSC 04
Intermediate 01
Graduation 04
Post graduation 03
Below SSC 08
Total 20
Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents

20%
40% 5% ssc
intermediate

20% graduation
post graduation
15%
others

Table 1 portrays about the educational status of the women entrepreneurs. From the

table it sis reveal that 40 percent of the sample respondents are from the stage of below

SSC followed by 10th standard and graduation with equal ratio of 20 percent each. The

rest are 5% from intermediate, and 15% from post graduation. It is evident from above

table that though many of the respondents are not having proper education still they are

enjoying the success fruits in their businesses.

48
Table 02: Based on Age group

Age group No. of respondents

0-20 0

20-40 08

40-60 10

60 above 02

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents
0%
10%
0-20
50%
20-40
40%
40-60
60 above

The above table describes that the Out of the total 20 respondents 50% respondents are

in the age group of 20-40 and 40% in the age group of 40-60 the remaining 10 % are in

above 60 years. No respondent were found under the age group of 0-20. Hence the

above table indicates that majority of the respondents are found from the age group of

40-60 when compare with other age group of entrepreneurs.

49
Table 03: Based on marital status

Marital status No. of respondents

Married 15

Un married 05

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of repondents

25%

married

75% unmarried

With the reference to the above table in the sample of 20 respondents 75% majority of

the entrepreneurs are unmarried and rest of the 25% entrepreneurs are married.

50
Table 04: Based on type of business doing

Type of business No. of respondents

Manufacturing 0

Service 07

distribution 10

others 03

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of responents
0%

15%
35%
manufacturing
service
distribution
50%
others

From the above table it is analyzed that , from the 20 respondents 50% of the

entrepreneurs are in distribution, 35% are in service industry ,and rest of the 15%

entrepreneurs are in others .hence its prove that no one can found from the

manufacturing business.

51
Table 05: Reason for the purpose of doing business

Purpose of doing business No. of respondents

Make a difference in society 04

To help family 12

Leisure purpose 02

others 02

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents

make a difference in
10% 20%
10% society
To help family

60% leisure purpose

others

From the above sketch of the table the sample of 20 respondents it is revels that the 60%

are doing business to help their families,20% of entrepreneurs are doing the business for

making a difference in the society and 10% are doing for leisure purpose and remaining

10% are doing with other reasons.

52
Table 06: Based on challenges faced by women entrepreneurs

Challenges No. of respondents

No obstacles 05

Doubt in self confidence 02

Financial issues 10

Family support 03

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No of respondents

15% 25%
No obstacles
10% doubt in self confidence

50% financial issues

support from family

From the above table represents that an interesting point that from 20 respondents 25%

entrepreneurs are not having any obstacles to start a business,10% are facing the

problem in self confidence,50% are facing the financial problems and remaining 15%

are facing the problem in support from family, based on this survey more entrepreneurs

are facing the problem financially only.

53
Table 07: Based on awareness of Govt. schemes

Awareness of Govt. schemes No. of respondents

Women development corporation 02

PMMY 10

Annapurna scheme 01

others 07

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents

women development
corporation
10%
35%
pradan mantri
mudra yojana
50%
annapurna scheme

5%
others

The above table illustrate that in the 20 respondents the awareness of Govt. Scheme of

mostly 50% are having the awareness in pradan mantri mudra yojana, 10% are having

the awareness in Women development corporation,5% having the awareness in

Annapurna scheme and interesting thing is 35% are having awareness in other Govt.

Schemes.

54
Table 08: Based on beneficiary under any Govt. scheme

Beneficiary under any Govt. scheme No. of respondents

yes 06

No 14

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents

30%

yes
70% No

The above table explains that the 20 respondents are taken as a sample for knowing

entrepreneurs are beneficiary under any govt. Scheme , only 30% entrepreneurs are

getting benefits under the Govt. Scheme and remaining 70% are not beneficiary under

the Govt. Scheme due to many reasons.

55
Table 09: Based on not beneficiary under any Govt. scheme

interpretation No. of respondents

Not aware about the scheme 06

Complicated process 02

Not eligible 04

Fund is not require 02

Total 14

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents

not aware about the

14% scheme
43%
complicated process
29%
not eligible
14%
fund not required

We observe that more entrepreneurs are not beneficiary under the govt schemes in

previous table, the present above table describe that mainly 43% are not beneficiary due

to not aware about the scheme,14% are due to facing the complicate in the process, 29%

are due to not eligible and remaining 14% are not beneficiary because they not required

the fund.

56
Table 10: Based on rate for Govt for promoting women entrepreneurs

Providing rate No. of respondents

Highly satisfied 0

satisfied 05

Dissatisfied 11

Highly dissatisfied 04

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents

0%

20% 25%

highly satisfied
satisfied
dissatisfied
55% highly dissatisfied

The above table shows from the 20 respondents no one entrepreneurs are not highly

satisfied with government for promoting women entrepreneurs, 25% are satisfied, 50%

are dissatisfied and rest of 20 % are highly dissatisfied.

57
Table 11: Based on educating other women to become an entrepreneur

Educating other women No .of respondents

Sharing motivational videos 03

Conducting public seminars 04

Sharing materials 12

others 01

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents

sharing motivational
5% 15% videos

20% conducting public

seminars
60% sharing educational
material
others

The above table exhibits that from 20 respondents 15% are educating other women to

become as a entrepreneur through sharing motivational videos,20% are conducting

public seminars,60% are sharing educational materials and remaining 5% are educating

other women through other forms. Mainly we have to observe more entrepreneurs are

educating women through sharing educational materials.

58
Table 12: Based on the troubles faced by you are enough worthy to the amount

earned from the business

Troubles are worthy to you No. of respondents

yes 11

No 09

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents

45%

55% yes
No

The above table clears that from sample of 20 respondents 55% are their troubles are

enough worthy to the amount earned from their business and remaining 45% of their

troubles are not enough worthy to the amount earned from their business. So many

people are satisfying with their amount earned in their business.

59
Table 13: Based on women are doing the business better than male counter parts

Women are better than male No. of respondents

yes 12

No 08

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of repondents

40%

60% yes
No

The above table revels that from the 20 samples 60% opinion on doing business better

than the male counter parties and rest of 40% opinion is not doing the business better

than the male counter parties.

60
Table 14: Based on acquiring fund to your business

acquiring fund to your business No .of respondents

Bank loan 05

Family support 11

Govt scheme 03

private lenders 01

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents

10% 24%
14%
Bank loan
family support
Govt. scheme
52%
Private lenders

The above table mention that in 20 samples 52% of entrepreneurs are acquiring the fund

through family support, 24% through bank loan, 14% are from Govt. Scheme and rest of

10% are from private lenders.

61
Table 15: Based on current position of your business

Current position of business No .of respondents

Just running 02

Normally 02

Good enough to survive 09

Require some help 07

total 20

Graphical Representation:

No of respondents

just running
10%
35% 10%
normally

45% good enough to survive

require more help to

expand business

From the above table portrays that Out of 20 respondents 10% entrepreneurs current

position is just running, 10% entrepreneurs normal position, 45% position is good

enough to survive and rest of 35% position is requiring some help to their business.

62
Table 16: Based on rate for happiness as a women entrepreneur

Rate for happiness as a entrepreneur No .of respondents

sad 0

Full happy 09

happy 08

Not happy 03

Total 20

Graphical Representation:

No. of respondents
0%

15%

45%
sad
full happy
40% happy
not happy

From the above table represents that Out of 20 respondents 45% are full happy as a

women entrepreneur, 40% are happy and rest of 15% are not happy as a women

entrepreneur.

63
 CHAPTER 5

FINDINGS FROM THE STUDY:

 Most of the women entrepreneurs are matured and have got settled in life in

which 50% belong to the age group of 20-40 and 40% belong to the age group of

40-60 and remaining 10% belong to the age 60above.

 Education wise analysis reveals that 40%of the women entrepreneurs are

educated and the remaining are uneducated.

 The study reveals that 3/4th of women entrepreneurs are still unmarried.

 One of the main finding of the study is that family background and family

cooperation of the sample respondents have significantly good in setting up an

enterprise.

 45 % of women entrepreneurs were motivated by their husbands and the

remaining were self motivated.

 The study reveals that 48 per cent of the women entrepreneurs started their

business with initial capital investment of one thousand rupees.

 Out of total respondents, 22 per cent of the women entrepreneurs have more than

10 years experience in running the enterprise.

 The study examine that, 86 per cent of the women entrepreneurs invested their

own money to start their enterprise.

 36 per cent of the women entrepreneurs face the problem of collection of amount

from customers.

 From the study it was found that 45% are happy and satisfied with their business

and remaining are not happy

64
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY:

1. Simple application forms should be prepared by the promotional agencies as well

as banks for accessing the loans by women entrepreneurs.

2. Simple and speedy procedure should be applied in the case of women by the

promotional agencies and the lending institutions.

3. Women entrepreneurs should realise that training can enhance the efficiency and

effectiveness to develop the skills.

Suggested businesses for women entrepreneurs:

Women entrepreneurs should consider her family background, education, attitude and

skills that she has acquired. Especially for uneducated women and educated separately

and areas of export promotion.

- Agarbathi manufacturing

- Papad Making

- Embroidery

- Handicrafts

- Catering service

- Pickle manufacturing

- Milk distribution

- Small retail shops For export promotion, the following are the identified areas.

- Leather products

- Food Processing

- Jewellery shops

- Software exports

- Cultivation of medicinal plants

- Vermi culture

65
- Flori culture

- Packaging 300

- Mushroom cultivation

- Fish culture

The following are some of the entrepreneurs programme for women graduates.

- Catering

- Confectionery, ice cream parlours and bakery

- Fast foods/Salad bars

- Grooming centres, providing hair/skin care

– to select jewellery/ hairstyle/face make up

- Fashion designing - Readymade garments

- Computer aided designing

- Old age homes - Hospital management

- Assembling of watches, radios, transistors, telephones, computer and other such

modern gadgets.

66
 CONCLUSION

India is a male dominated society and women are assumed to be economically as well as

socially dependent on male members. Women entrepreneurs faced lots of problems like

lack of education, social barriers, legal formalities, high cost of production, male

dominated society, limited managerial ability, lack of self confidence etc. Various

factors like pull and push factors influencing women entrepreneurs. Successful leading

business women in India. Government takes various steps for the upliftment of women

entrepreneurs in 7th five year plan, 8th five year plan and in 9th five year plan. Women

have the potential the potential and determination to setup, uphold and supervise their

own enterprise in a very systematic manner, appropriate support and encouragement

from the society, family, government can make these women entrepreneur a part of

mainstream of national economy and they can contribute to the economy progress of

India.

67
 REFERENCES

 Dhameja S K (2002), Women Entrepreneurs: Opportunities, performance,

problems, Deep publications (p) Ltd, New Delhi, p 11

 Rajendran N (2003), "Problems and prospects of women Entrepreneurs"

SEDME, Vol. 30 no.4 Dec.

 Rao Padala Shanmukha (2007) "Entrepreneurship Development among Women:

A case study of self-help Groups in Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh" The

ICFAI Journal of Entrepreneurship Development Vol.1V No. 1

Books

 Usharao, N.J.: Women in a Developing Society, Published by Ashish Publishing

House.

 Shejwalkar [Link] Ameya, Prakashan, Pune, 1996.

 Sood, S.K, Arora Renu, ―Women Entrepreneurs‖, fundamentals of

Entrepreneurship & Small Business.

Web Sites

 www. Google. co. in, www. [Link]@[Link] accessed on 19

April 2011

 www. [Link] accessed on 4 April 2011

 [Link]/schemes/Schemes for the development and promotion of

women entrepreneurs. PDF accessed on 4 April 2011

68
 APPENDIX

STUDY ON WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UTTAR

PRADESH

Name: Qualification:

Age: Phone No:

Marital status:

1) How long you have been running your business? [ ]

(A) 0-3 years (B) 3-5 years (C) 6-9 years (D) 10+ years

2) In which sector you are doing business? [ ]

(A) Manufacturing (B) Service (C) Distribution (D) Other

If other, please specify here_____________________

3) For what purpose you are doing business? [ ]

(A) Make a difference in society (B) To help family

(C) Leisure purpose (D) Others

4) What were the challenges you faced during the startup phase in your

business? [ ]

(A)No obstacles (B) Doubt in self-confidence (C) Financial issues

(D) Support from family

5) From where you acquire the fund to your business? [ ]

69
 (A) Bank loan (B) Savings/family support (C) Govt. schemes

(D) Private lenders

6) Mark the Government schemes you are aware of…. [ ]

(A) Women Development Corporation (WDC)

(B) Pradan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)

(C) Annapurna scheme

(D) Others

If other, please specify here _________________

7) Are you Beneficiary under any of the Govt. scheme? [ ]

(A) Yes (B) No

if yes mention the scheme here____________________

if no, what are the reasons for not availing the benefits? [ ]

(A) Not aware about the schemes (B) Complicated process

(C) Not eligible (D) Funding not required

8) Rate about the role of the government in Promoting women [ ]

Entrepreneurship (Govt. Responsiveness)

(A) Highly satisfied (B) satisfied (C) Dis satisfied (D) highly Dis satisfied

9) Do you feel that women are getting opportunities due to Gender

inequality? [ ]

(A) Yes (B) No

70
if yes what are reason__________________________________

if No comment the reason_______________________________________

10) How would you like to educate other women to start entrepreneurship? [ ]

(A) Sharing motivational videos (B) Conducting public seminars

(C) Sharing educative materials (D) By breaking past prejudice against

women/girl

11) Please indicate your response about the difficulty of balancing professional

and family life? [ ]

(A) Very difficult (B) Difficult (C) Manageable (D) Easily manageable

12) How well is your business operating currently? [ ]

(A) Just running (B) Normally (C) Good enough to survive

(D) Require more help to expand business

13) Name the women entrepreneur Do you taken as a role model?

Please mention the name here________________________

14) Why you start your business? [ ]

(A) For experience in this field (B)Mean of survival (no other option)

(C) For creating new venture (D) Others

15) Do you feel that the troubles faced by you are enough worthy to the

Amount earned from the business. [ ]

(A) Yes (B) No

71
16) Are your family Members (husband /children) feel happy with the business you

are running? []

(A) Yes (B) No (C) neutral

17) Are you thinking to Give up your business at point of time? [ ]

(A) Yes (B) No

if yes what is the reason____________________________

if No comment here_____________________________________

18) Do you accept that you are doing the business better than the Male counter parts?

[ ]
(A) Yes (B) No

If yes comment here _________________________

If no what is the reason ________________________

19) Rate your level of happiness as a women entrepreneur? [ ]

(A) Sad (B) Fully Happy (C) Happy (D) Not happy

20) Give some suggestions to women entrepreneurs?

_____________________________________

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