Lay out & Architectural
Drawings
Preparing the Lay out & architectural
drawings:
Location plan
Site plan
■ Plans
■ Elevations
■ Sections
Introduction
• A building or construction project requires a
complete set of lay out & architectural
drawings.
• These drawings are used by the local planning
department, site engineer and building
contractor.
Types of Lay out plans
– Location plans
– Site (block) plans
Location Plan
• It identifies the location of the proposed new
building within its surroundings.
• It also helps the architect/engineer to plan the
layout of a new building scheme.
• It is required by the local government
planning department to decide the approval
of project.
.
Location Plan
.
Location Plan
• Neighbouring buildings and their boundaries
are also shown, as roads, street names and
fields.
• The scale of the drawing depends on the size
of the whole building scheme but is normally
1:1000
.
Site plan
Site plan is a view looking down at a
building from above, illustrating its location
& orientation on a plot land & providing
information about the site’s topography,
landscaping utilities, and site work.
Site (Block) Plan
Site (Block) Plan
The importance of site plan:
• It illustrates the existing natural & built
features.
• A site plan (also known as a block plan)
shows the site boundary and the outline of
the new building which are highlighted in
the location plan.
Site (Block) Plan
The importance of site plan:
• Paths, roads and neighbouring plots are also
shown. This type of plan enables the builder
to mark out the site, lay drainage pipes and
build manholes.
• It is also submitted to the local planning
department for approval.
Site (Block) Plan
A site plan shows:
• Existing trees
• The building outline, including the roof
• The main dimensions of the house and site
• Drainage system
Site (Block) Plan
A site plan shows:
•The position of the house on the site
• Contour lines which show the slope of the
land
•The scale of a site plan depends on the size
of the building. For houses and small
buildings a 1:200 scale is used.
Architectural drawing
Definition A sketch, diagram, plan, or
schematic used to design, construct, and
documentation of buildings and other
structures.
Architectural drawing of building consists of
following:
1- Building Plan (Floor wise)
2- Elevation
3- Section
Building Plan (Floor wise)
The term "plan" may casually be used to
refer to a single view, sheet, or drawing in
a set of plans. More specifically
a plan view is an orthographic projection
looking down on the object, such as in a
floor plan.
Orthographic Projection: A system that
allows you to make a two-dimensional
drawing of a three-dimensional object
Building floor Plan
The floor plan
The floor plan is a view looking down/ a
horizontal plane is cut through a building
from above about 1.5m, illustrating it’s the
horizontal dimensions of a building
spaces, the thickness & construction of
vertical walls & columns that define these
spaces.
The importance of plans
1. Define the spaces & its functional
relationship.
2. Illustrates places of openings (doors-
windows)
3. Finishing.
4. Entrance (main- secondary)
5. Utilities (stairs- elevators- mechanical
room- toilet- stores….)
The importance of plans
5. Structural system:
1. R.C.C Frame structure, load
bearing wall.
2. Columns, beams, slab.
3. Thickness of walls (exterior &
interior)
6. Measurement and cost (quantity survey)
Floor Plan
It shows:
–The arrangement of rooms
–The positions of windows and doors
–The types of internal and external wall
Floor Plan
The scale of a floor
plan depends on the
size of the building
but for most
domestic buildings a
sale of 1:50 is used
Floor plan can also include: the dimensions of each
room & the exact positions of doors & windows the
layout of water pipes (plumbing) the layout of
electrical cabling and positions of sockets, switches
etc.
Architectural Plans – Floor Plan
■ Dimensions are usually drawn between the walls to
specify room sizes and wall lengths.
■ Floor plans will also include details like sinks, water
heaters, wash basin, toilet seats etc.
Brick Walls Thickness
(½ brick)
(1 brick)
(1 ½ brick)
Architectural Plans – Floor Plan
❑ Some of the symbols used in floor plans.
Window Pair of Windows French or Twin Doors
Sliding Doors Pocket Doors
Bi-Fold Doors
Regular Doors
Shower /Bath area
Kitchen Sink with drain board
Wash Basin
Toilet
Fixtures, Appliances and Symbols
• More detailed floor plans show the layout of kitchens and
bathrooms, since these are rooms which have fixtures and
appliances. These symbols are used to simplify the drawing of
common features.
Window Sink
Lamp
Switch Door
Washbasin
Socket Radiator
Shower tray
Insulation In-line valve
Brickwork Bath
Concrete Crossover
Sawn wood
Sink top
Junctions
Elevations
Elevation
An elevation is a view of a building seen
from one side, a flat representation of one
facade.
Facade: A facade is generally one exterior
side of a building.
In its broadest sense, the term 'façade'
can refer to any predominantly vertical
face of a building envelope, such as an
external wall.
2. Architectural drawing
Elevation
Elevations
• Elevations are required by the local planning
department to assess whether the style and
proportions of the proposed building are appropriate
for the location. Builders also need a picture of what
the house will look like from the outside.
The importance of the Building Elevation
1. Aesthetic view
2. Finishing
3. Openings
4. Size, shape , materials of exterior surfaces
5. Size proportion
6. Heights of the building
7. Measurements
Front Elevation
Section
• In terms of design, the term 'section'
typically refers to a view of a structure as
though it has been sliced in half or cut along
another imaginary plane, which is generally,
but not always a vertical plane.
Section
The building section
Building section is a vertical plane
cut through a building.
Sectional View
• A cross-section showing a slice
through the wall gives a great
deal of information about how
the house should be built,
• Sections can be shown through
any part of the building and
normally a scale of 1:20 is used.
• Sectional views and floor plans
are required to assess the quality
of construction.
The importance of the Building
Section
1. Illustrate building construction.
2. Technical implementation (precast-
pre-stress concrete section)
3. Types of slab (roof plate) solid slab,
hollow block, flat slab)
The importance of the
Building Section
4. Types of slab (roof plate) solid slab,
hollow block, flat slab)
5. Building material (block, stone, concrete)
6. Height of the building and levels.
7. Details and finishing.
8. Measurements.
Architectural Plans – Section Drawing
Section Drawing
View from the front where you can see through the walls into
the house or building.
Sectional view of Doors
Architectural Drawings used for
1. Building elements seen in true size, shape,
orientation . ”scale”
2. Describe form & construction of building
component.
3. It is the base drawings for other
construction works.” electrical, sewage,
mechanical…”
As-built drawing
• Definition: Architectural drawings that reflect
changes made during the construction process,
recording differences between the original
design and the completed structure.
Other Types of Architectural Plans
Garden design and landscape
planning is the art of designing and
creating plans for the layout of
plants, gardens and landscapes.
■ Most professional garden
designers are trained in
principles of design and in
horticulture, and have an expert
knowledge and experience of
using plants.
■ Some professional garden
designers are also landscape
architects.
CASE STUDY
OF
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL
SITE LAYOUT PLAN
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL
Boundary Wall
Boundary Wall
Th
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k
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…
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