Shear Stress
Forces parallel to the area resisting the force cause shearing stress. It differs to tensile and
compressive stresses, which are caused by forces perpendicular to the area on which they
act. Shearing stress is also known as tangential stress.
where V is the resultant shearing force which passes through the centroid of the area A
being sheared.
A shearing force is produced whenever the applied load cause one section of the
body tend to slide past its adjacent section.
a) the rivet resists shear across its cross sectional area whereas in the clevis at b) the bolt
resist shear across two cross sectional areas, case ( a) may be called single shear and
case (b) double shear.
(c) circular slug is about to punched out of a plate; the resisting area is similar to the milled
edge of coin . In each case, the shear occurs over an area parallel to the applied load, may
called direct shear.
Illustrative Problems:
1.0 What force is required to punch a 20 mm diameter hole in a plate that is 25mm thick ?
The shear strength is 350 MN/m2.
Given:
Required diameter of hole = 20 mm
Thickness of plate = 25 mm
Shear strength of plate = 350 MN/m2
Required: Force required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole
The resisting area is the shaded area along the perimeter and the shear force V is equal to
the punching force P .
P= A
P= ( )( )
( )
P= 350 [ (20)(25) ]
P = 549778 .7N
P = 549.8 kN answer
2.0 As in figure1.11c a hole is to be punched out of a plate having a shearing strength of 40
ksi. The compressive stress in the punch is limited to 50 ksi. (a) Compute the maximum
thickness plate from which a hole 2.5 in. in diameter can be punched (b) If the plate is 0.25
in thick, determine the diameter of the smallest hole that can be punched.
Given:
Shear strength of plate = 40 ksi
Allowable compressive stress of punch = 50 ksi
Required:
Maximum thickness of plate to punch a 2.5 inches diameter hole
Diameter of smallest hole if the plate is 0.25 inch thick
Solution:
Maximum thickness of plate: Based on puncher strength:
P= A A= 1/4πD2
P= 50kips/in2[ 14 (2 5in)2]
P= 78.125 kips Equivalent shear force of the plate
Based on shear strength of plate:
V= A V=P
78.125 kips = 40kips/in2 [ (2 5t) ]
t = 0. 781 inch answer
Diameter of smallest hole: Based on compression of puncher:
P= A
P= 50(14 d2)
P= 12 5 d2 Equivalent shear force for plate
Based on shearing of plate:
V= A V=P
12.5 d2 = 40[ d(0.25) ]
d = 0.8 in answer
Fine the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis in Fig 1.11b if P=400KN. The
shearing strength for the bolt is 300 MPa.
Given:
Force P = 400 kN
Shear strength of the bolt = 300 MPa
Required: Diameter of the smallest bolt
Solution:
The bolt is subject to double shear.
V= ƬA
A= 1/4πD2
400 KN(1000 N/KN) = 300 N/mm2[ 2( 1/4π D2) ]
( )
D= √
( )
D= 29.13 mm
The Following are the Activity /assignment:
Please submit to a designated Google Classroom .
Shearing Stress
Problem# 1
A hole is to be punched out of a plate having an ultimate shearing stress of 300 MPa .
(a) If the compressive stress in the punch is limited to 400 Mpa, determine the maximum
thickness of plate from which a hole 100 mm in diameter can be punched. (b) If the plate
is 10 mm thick, compute the largest diameter hole which can be punched.
Problem # 2
Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member supported as shown. The pin
diameter is 20mm.
Bearing Stress
Bearing stress is the contact pressure between the separate bodies. It differs from
compressive stress, as it is an internal stress caused by compressive forces.
P
b= b
A
b
In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm
wide. The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for
shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and (b) the largest
average tensile stress in the plates.
Solution
Part (a):
From shearing of rivet:
P=ƬArivets
= 60[ 14 (202) ]
P = 6000
From bearing of plate material;
P= bAb
6000 = 120(20t)
t = 7 85 mm answer
Part (b): Largest average tensile stress in the plate:
P= A
6000 = [ 7 85(110−20) ]
= 26 67 MPa answer
The Following are the Activity /assignment:
Please submit to a designated Google Classroom .
Bearing Stress
Problem # 3
For the lap joint shown below, determine the maximum safe load P which may be applied if
the shearing stress in the rivets is limited to 60 MPa, the bearing stress in the plates to
110MPa, and the average tensile stress in the plate to 140 Mpa.
