‫‪English Grammar‬‬

‫‪For‬‬
‫‪8th grade‬‬
‫‪the‬‬

‫© כל הזכויות שמורות לרחל בן דוד‬

‫‪2017‬‬

‫אין לשכפל‪ ,‬להעתיק‪ ,‬לצלם או לאחסן‪,‬‬

‫בכל דרך או אמצעי אלקטרוני אחר‪,‬‬
‫כל חלק שהוא מספר זה‪.‬‬

‫ט‪.‬ל‪.‬ח‬

‫‪1‬‬
 :‫תוכן עניינים‬

2 ‫תוכן עניינים‬
3 MODALS :1 ‫פרק‬
4 MODALS – CAN / BE ABLE TO / COULD :1 ‫שיעור‬
10.......................................................................................MODALS – MUST / HAVE TO / NEED :2 ‫שיעור‬
15.....................................................................MODALS – SHOULD / OUGHT TO, MAY / MIGHT :3 ‫שיעור‬
19 ‫ – תרגול כללי‬MODALS 4: ‫שיעור‬

25................................................................................PAST PROGRESSIVE :2 ‫פרק‬

26 ‫עזר‬-‫ פעלי‬+ PROGRESSIVE PAST ‫ למה צריך‬1: ‫שיעור‬
PROGRESSIVE- PAST 29‫ שלילה ושאלות ב‬2: ‫שיעור‬
33 ‫ ותרגול כללי‬SIMPLE PAST ‫ התמודדות עם‬3: ‫שיעור‬
PROGRESSIVE PAST 39 ‫ תרגול משולב – כל הזמנים עד‬4: ‫שיעור‬

44........................................................................................................PASSIVE :3 ‫פרק‬
45 ‫ ואיך משתמשים בו‬PASSIVE ‫ מה זה‬1: ‫שיעור‬
48..................................................................................................PRESENT SIMPLE-‫ ב‬PASSIVE :2 ‫שיעור‬
56........................................................................................................ PAST SIMPLE-‫ ב‬PASSIVE :3 ‫שיעור‬
64.................................................PAST PROGRESSIVE-‫ וב‬PRESENT PROGRESSIVE-‫ ב‬PASSIVE :4 ‫שיעור‬
67..............................................................................................MODALS-‫ וב‬FUTURE-‫ ב‬PASSIVE :5 ‫שיעור‬
PERFECT 76 ‫ בזמני‬PASSIVE 6: ‫שיעור‬
80 ‫ תרגול משולב‬7: ‫שיעור‬

88.............................................ADVERBS, GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES :4 ‫פרק‬

89................................................................................................................................ADVERBS:1 ‫שיעור‬
96...............................................................................................................................GERUNDS :2 ‫שיעור‬
101...........................................................................................................................INFINITIVES :3 ‫שיעור‬
103................................... ................................ ‫ משולב לתרגול דגשים‬- GERUNDS + INFINITIVES :4 ‫שיעור‬
111....................................................... ................................ V3-‫ ו‬V2 ,V1 – ‫א המיוחדים הפעלים טבלת‬.
115............................................. ................................ ................................ ‫החסר את השלם – תרגול‬ ‫ב‬.

2
1: ‫פרק‬
Modals

3
 Modals – can / be able to / could :1 ‫שיעור‬

‫ הם מופיעים לפני הפועל‬.‫ שחלקם יכולים לשמש גם כפעלים רגילים‬,‫ הם פעלי עזר‬Modals
:‫ העיקר ים‬-Modals‫ ה‬.‫העיקרי במשפט‬
Can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would.

:Semi-Modals-‫ ל‬Modals ‫בין ההבדל‬

:can Modal :‫ לדוגמה‬to. ‫ תמיד מסת ימים במילה‬Semi-Modals
Semi-Modal: be able to
‫ יכולים להשתנות‬Semi-Modals .‫ או תוספות אחרות‬,ies es, s ‫ לא מקבלים‬Modals :‫שימו לב‬
.‫או לקבל תוספות‬
:Can / Be able to / Could
:‫ אך נשתמש בהם במצבים שונים‬,‫ האלה הם בעלי משמעות דומה‬-Modals‫שלושת ה‬

-can?‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 
)‫ לצ ין יכולת (פיזית או שכלית‬-
He can speak five languages!
They can build wonderful buildings made of matches
‫לבקש ולתת רשות‬ -
Can I go out please? (Yes, you
can) -could?‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 
can) ‫( היא צורת העבר של המילה‬could ‫ לצ ין יכולת בזמן עבר‬-
She could crawl under the sofa when she was a baby
can ‫ צורה מנומסת יותר של‬-
Could you pass me the salt, please?
‫ יקרה‬/ ‫ לצ ין אפשרות שמשהו קורה‬-
It could rain on us tomorrow.
Are you ill? It could be just a virus.
to- able ?be‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 
)‫ לצ ין יכולת (כאשר קיימים קשיים‬-
I don't care if it is hard – I am able to do it.
).‫ כאשר צריך להשתמש בעוד פועל עזר (למשל בזמן עתיד‬-
After this lesson I will be able to use Modals!

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 ‫ לצירוף‬not. ‫ שנוצרות כשמוסיפים להם את מילת השלילה‬,‫ יש גם צורות שלילה‬-Modals‫ל‬
:‫הזה יש גם צורות מקוצרות‬
Cannot Can't
Could not Couldn't
).‫ אין צורה מקוצרת‬to able be ‫(*לשלילה של‬

:‫תרגול כיתה‬
Ex. 1: Fill in the correct form. Use "can", "could", "can't", "couldn't" or
"be able to"
1. Yesterday I...............................................understand the homework but now
I.........................................It’s really easy.

2. My mother says that I ……………………. travel to the U.S.A. next summer. I

……………………… speak English so I won’t have any problems there. I
………………….speak English since I was a baby because my parents are
from England.

Ex. 2: Rewrite.

1. He can speak Chinese. (able to)

……………………………………………..………….…………………………
2. He is able to read and write. (can)

…………………………………………………...…………………………………
3. Mr. Oren could help you. (able to)

……………………………………………………….…………………………….
4. I can’t do it. (able to)

……………………………………………………………………………………..
5. We aren’t able to use this computer. (can)

………………………………………………………………………………….…

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Ex. 3: Complete with can, can’t, could, couldn’t

1. Albert Einstein ……………………solve difficult mathematical problems when

he was young.

2. Marie Curie …………………. Read when she was four years old. She
……………………. speak Polish and French, but she
…………………………… speak Hebrew.

3. Nowadays, people ……………………………. communicate across seas and

continents.

4. Prehistoric man.............................................watch T.V.

5. A computer …………………………. understand instructions but it

……………………. feel love.

6. The modern man ………………………………… fly to the moon but he

cure many diseases.

Ex. 4: Fill in: be able to, not be able to

1. Ron...........................................take care of himself because he is responsible,

but he...........................................look after his baby brother because he is too
young for that.

2. In the 21st century, man …………………………………. fly to other planets as

well.

3. Prehistoric man …………………………. eat raw meat. Modern man

………………………… do so.

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 :‫תרגול בית‬
Ex. 5: Fill in the correct form. Use "can", "could", "can't", "couldn't" or
"be able to"
3. My friend ……………………… visit me yesterday. Today she phoned and
she said “I........................................come over later.

4. ………………………….. you please explain the exercise to me? I

…………….………… understand what the teacher said a few minutes ago.
Someone was making noises so I..............................................hear her. If you
explain it to me now, I................................do my homework later.

Ex. 6: Rewrite
1. Can Ron ride horses? (able to)

………………………………………………………….…………………………
2. They boy’s teammates couldn’t catch the ball. (able to)

……………………………………………………..………………………………

3. Mr. Smith wasn’t able to open the door. (can)

……………………………………………………..………………………………
4. Was Louis Armstrong able to play the piano? (can)
……………………………………………………..………………………………
5. Could Loretta write her own songs? (able to)

……………………………………………………..………………………………

Ex. 7: Complete with can, can’t, could, couldn’t

1. Dan uses the computer when he was three years old?

Sure, he.............................................................He’s brilliant boy.

2. Mr. Cohen ……………………………… speak five languages. He is very

smart.

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3. Tamar..................................buy anything at the store because she didn’t have
any money.

4. Yoav is jealous because his brother ………………… sing beautifully and

he………………….

5. We..........................go to the party yesterday because we were on a trip.

6. ………………………………. you help your father clean the car? Yes, I

………….…………...

Ex. 8: Fill in: be able to, not be able to

1. I ………………………. speak English but I.........................................speak

Chinese.
2. These boys were…............................use the computer when they were in first
grade.

3. In the future, man.................................build on the moon and under the water.

4. Two weeks ago, Doron was sick, so he.........................................play football.

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Answers:

Ex. 1: Ex. 5:
1. couldn't, can.
1. couldn't, can
2. Can, can, was able to.
2. Can, can't, wasn't able to, can

Ex. 2: Ex. 6:
1. Is Ron able to ride horses?
1. He is able to speak Chinese 2. The boy's teammates weren't able to
2. He can read and write catch the ball
3. Mr. Oren is able to help you 3. Mr. Smith couldn't open the door
4. I'm not able to do it 4. Could Louis Armstrong play the piano?
5. We can't use this computer 5. Was Loretta able to write her own songs?

Ex. 3:
Ex. 7:
1. could
2. Could, could, couldn't 1. Could, could
3. can 2. can
4. couldn't 3. couldn't
5. can, can't 4. Can, can't
6. Can, can't 5. couldn't
6. Can, can

Ex. 4: Ex. 8:

1. is able, isn’t able

1. am able to, am not able to
2. is able
2. able to
3. was able to, isn't able
3. will be able to
4. was not able to

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 Modals – must / have to / need :2 ‫שיעור‬

.‫ – מילים שמצ ינות צורך או חובה‬to need / to Have / Must

? -Must‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 
:‫) לדוגמה‬.‫ כאשר נרצה לצ ין משהו שח יבים לעשות (כמו חוק‬-
You must stop when the traffic-light is red.
All workers must wear a uniform.
:‫ לדוגמה‬.‫ מצ ין איסור‬must ,‫ בשלילה‬-

You must not feed the animals.

Cell-phones mustn't be on the desks.
to- ?have‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 
:‫ לדוגמה‬.‫כאשר נרצה לצ ין משהו שצריך לעשות‬ -
The school has to buy new chairs this year.
I had to go home yesterday after school.

‫עזר (למשל‬-‫ בעיקר כאשר צריך להוסיף עוד פועל‬must, ‫ מחליף את‬to have ‫לפעמים‬ -
:‫) לדוגמה‬.‫בזמן עתיד‬

I will have to buy a new computer if I can't fix mine.

You don't have to go in the water if you don't want to.

to- ?need‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 

:‫ לדוגמה‬must. ‫ או‬to have ‫ יוכל להחליף את‬to need ‫ בדרך כלל‬-
I need to buy some new socks.
She needs to make some arrangements before Thursday.
:‫ לדוגמה‬.‫ מצ ןיי לנו שמשהו לא נחוץ‬to need ,‫ לעומת זאת‬,‫בשלילה‬ -

You needn't wash the dishes – I washed them already.

We needn't work so quickly – there is plenty of time.

:‫תרגול כיתה‬
Ex. 1: Put in ‘mustn’t’ or ‘don’t / doesn’t have to’:

1. We have a lot of work tomorrow. You..........................................be late.

2. You......................................tell anyone what I just told you. It’s a secret.
3. The museum is free. You..........................................pay to get in.
4. Children.......................................tell lies. It’s very naughty.

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5. John’s a millionaire. He..........................................to work.
6. I......................................do my washing, because my mother does it for me.
7. We......................................rush. We’ve got plenty of time.
8. You......................................smoke inside the school.
9. You can borrow my new dress but you............................................get it dirty.
10. We......................................miss the train, it’s the last one tonight.

Ex. 2: Mustn’t or must

1. You..................................smoke if you see a NO SMOKING sign.

2. You..................................drive when you see the red light.

3. You..................................enter a street when you see the NO ENTRY sign.

4. You..................................stop when you see the STOP sign.

5. You..................................look right and left before you cross the street.

6. You......................drive on the left side of the street when you drive in Israel.

7. You...............................have a passport when you go abroad.

Ex. 3: Rewrite.
1. A policeman has to know the traffic rules. (must)

……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. We must wear hats. (have to)

……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. He has to look for a new job. (must)

……………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Ron must take out the garbage. (have to)

……………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Uri must work harder. (have to)

……………………………………………………………………………………..
6. You must hurry. (have to)

……………………………………………………………………………………..

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Ex. 4: Write in the negative and use the words in brackets (mustn't or don't /
doesn't have to).

1. He must clean his room. (his brother’s room)

……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Sharon must look after her baby brother. (her sister)
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. You must eat fruit and vegetables. (sweets)
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. The children must wash their hands. (their feet)
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. An astronaut must wear and oxygen mask. (gas mask)
……………………………………………………………………………………

:‫תרגול בית‬
Ex. 5: Put in ‘mustn’t’ or ‘don’t / doesn’t have to’:

1. She ……………….………do this work today, because she can do it tomorrow.

2. I......................................clean the floor today because I cleaned it yesterday.
3. We......................................forget to lock all the doors before we leave.
4. We ……………….………stay in a hotel in London, we can stay with my
brother.
5. I ……………….………spend too much money today. I’ve only got a little
left.
6. They......................................get up early today, because it’s Sunday.
7. I......................................eat too much cake, or I’ll get fat!
8. We......................................be late for the exam.
9. You......................................tidy up now. You can do it later.
10. He......................................cook tonight because he’s going to a restaurant.

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Ex. 6: Rewrite. (have to / need to)
1. John must return the money. (last week)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. They boy must hurry home. (soon)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Kelly must lose weight. (A few weeks ago)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
4. The boy must throw the ball. (soon)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
5. The principal must punish the boy. (No,)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
6. The policeman has to chase the criminals. (Last night)
……………………………………………………………………………………..

Ex. 7: Fill in "have to" or "has to"

Susie is having a party. She (1).............................................................send invitations. She

(2) ……………………… buy ice cream. Her friends (3)................................................come
early because they (4) ……………………………. help her. After the party they (5)
……………………………… help her clean the mess. Some friends live far away so her
father (6)...............................................drive them home.

Ex. 8: Fill in. Use must, mustn’t, don’t have to, doesn’t have to.

1. I ………………………. do my homework every day or the teacher will be

angry. She says that we................................................copy from other pupils.
2. I..............................................get up early on Saturdays, but during the week
I..............................................rise at 7:00.
3. My friend...............................................come to school this week because she
is ill. The doctor says that she................................................stay in bed but she
………………………. leave the house.

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4. My brother and I.....................................................help our mother in the house
and then we can go out to play. We …………………………. go outside
between 2:00-4:00.

Answers:
Ex. 1:
Ex. 5:
1. mustn't
2. mustn't 1. doesn't have to
3. don't have to 2. don’t have to
4. mustn't 3. mustn't
5. doesn't have to 4. don't have to
6. don't have to 5. mustn't
7. don't have to 6. don't have to
8. mustn't 7. mustn't
9. mustn't 8. mustn't
10. mustn't 9. don’t have to
10. doesn’t have to
Ex. 2:
1. mustn't Ex. 6:
2. mustn't 1. John had to return the money last week
3. mustn't 2. The boy will have to hurry home soon
4. must 3. Kelly had to lose weight a few weeks ago
5. must 4. The boy will have to throw the ball soon
6. mustn't 5. No, the principal doesn't have to punish the
7. must boy
6. The policeman had to chase the criminals last
night
Ex. 3:
1. A policeman must know the traffic rules
2. We have to wear hats
3. He must look for a new job
4. Ron has to take out the garbage Ex. 7:
5. Uri had to work harder
6. You have to hurry 1. has to
2. has to
3. have to
Ex. 4: 4. have to
1. He doesn't have to clean his brothers 5. have to
room 6. has to
2. Sharon doesn't have to look after her
sister
3. You mustn't eat sweets Ex. 8:
4. The children don't have to wash their feet
5. An astronaut doesn't have to wear a gas 1. Must, mustn't
mask 2. don’t have to, must
3. doesn’t have to, must, mustn't
4. have to, mustn't

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 Modals – should / ought to, may / might :3 ‫שיעור‬

.‫ – מילים שמציינות דברים שכדאי או רצוי שייקרו‬to Ought / Should

-should?‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 
.‫ או שכדאי שמשהו יקרה‬,‫כאשר נרצה לתת עצה – להגיד שכדאי למישהו לעשות משהו‬
:‫לדוגמה‬
They should arrive before 10 o'clock if they want to be on time.
You shouldn't ride your bicycle in the rain.
to- ?ought‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 
:‫ לדוגמה‬.‫ או שאנחנו חושבים שנכון שהוא יקרה‬,‫כאשר נרצה לצ ין שמשהו אמור לקרות‬
Teachers ought to have a lot of patience.
I ought to do a lot of sports, but I don't find the time.

.‫ – מילים שמציינות את האפשרות שדבר כלשהו יקרה‬Might / May

-may?‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 
‫ כמו למילה‬,‫כלל משמעויות חיוביות‬-‫כשנרצה לדבר על משהו שאולי יקרה (ושיש לו בדרך‬
:‫ לדוגמה‬.‫) או כשנרצה לתת או לקבל רשות‬,‫"עשוי" בעברית‬

I may have time to meet you on Saturday.

May I go to the bathroom? Yes, you may.

-might?‫מתי נשתמש ב‬ 
"‫ כמו המילה "עלול‬,‫כאשר נרצה לדבר על משהו שאולי יקרה (ושיש לו משמעויות שליליות‬
:‫ לדוגמה‬.‫בעברית) או שאנחנו בספק אם הוא יקרה‬

It might rain tomorrow. Are you planning to go on a trip?

There might be a treasure in this cave, but I doubt it.

:‫תרגול כיתה‬
Ex. 1: Put in should / shouldn’t:

11. It's cold. You.......................................wear a coat.

12. You......................................tell anyone what you heard. It’s a secret.
13. She's tired. she.........................................go to sleep early.
14. You......................................tell lies. It’s very naughty.
15. You.......................................eat meat every day it's not healthy.
16. I......................................finish studying for the exam.

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17. We......................................rush. We’ve got plenty of time.
18. You......................................smoke inside the school.
19. I buy the dress or skirt?
20. We......................................miss the train, it’s the last one tonight.

Ex. 2: May / might

8. Take an umbrella, it.................................rain.

9. He is still at work, it..........................................take longer.

10. You..................................enter the room quietly.

11. You..................................want to think about it first.

12. I go out mom?

13. You have happiness and health!

14. You...............................have been killed!

22. I............................join a drama class.

6. We...............................Have to wear hats.

7. He..................to look for a new job.

8. You..........................start the test.

9. we join you for dinner?

10. They..............................go out with us.

Ex. 3: Write in the negative and use the words in brackets (mustn't or don't /
doesn't have to).

1. You..................................smoke in here.
2. Sharon............................Leave her baby brother alone.
3. You..............................have to finish your meal.
4. She.....................................want to go to school today.
5. I........................agree with you.

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 :‫תרגול בית‬
Ex. 4: Put in ‘should / may / might:

11. I come with you tonight?

12. I ……………….………clean the floor today ..
13. You.......................Visit your grandparents today.
14. We......................................win the basketball game.
15. She......................................spend more time studying for the test.
16. They......................................get up early today, because it’s a school day.
17. I......................................have eaten too much.
18. We......................................be late for the exam.
19. You......................................get ready now.
20. He......................................cook tonight because he’s staying home.
21. We............................do more exercises.
22. I.......................Phone my parents.
23. We..................................eat more vegetables.
24. This..........................hurt you.
25. I leave the room please?

Ex. 5: Put in negative :‘ought not to / should not / may not / might not:

1. We...................................Have enough information at the moment.

2. We..............................yet know if its safe outside.
3. You........................................have come here.
4. She...................................................be home.
5. They......................................have ordered so much food.
6. You...........................................speak to your father like that.
7. He................................................be able to come to the party.
8. It................................................rain today.
9. You...........................Leave yet.
10. She.....................................take this book.

17
 11. You..........................................have said that about her mother.
12. She...................................make it to the bus in time.
13. They.........................................drive so fast.
14. They.........................................pass the exam.
15. We....................................have to pay for school books.

Answers:

Ex. 1: Ex. 4:

1. should
1. May
2. shouldn't
2. should
3. should
3. should
4. shouldn't
4. might
5. shouldn't
5. should
6. should
6. should
7. shouldn't
7. might
8. shouldn't
8. might
9. Should
9. should
10. shouldn't
10. might
11. should
Ex. 2: 12. should
1. might 13. should
2. might 14. might
3. may 15. May
4. might
5. May
6. May
7. might Ex. 5:
8. might
9. may 1. may not
10. might 2. might not
11. may 3. should not
12. May 4. might not
13. might 5. should not
6. ought not to
7. might not
8. might not
Ex. 3: 9. may not
10. may not
1. mustn't 11. should not
2. mustn't 12. might not
3. don't 13. should not
4. doesn't 14. might not
5. don't 15. should not

18
 ‫ – תרגול כללי‬Modals 4: ‫שיעור‬

:‫תרגול כיתה‬
Ex. 1: Rewrite the following using a modal: can, must, should, may, might

1. Wrap this box up very carefully.

………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Let me use your bicycle.
………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Give me your address.
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Maybe we will have a quiz tomorrow.
………………………………………………………………………………….

Ex. 2: Complete the sentences with the words below.

can could have to must might should

1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours.

He …………………be exhausted after such a long flight. He
………………… stay in tonight and get some rest.
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you
…………………walk downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. It...........................have been very dark out, if you couldn’t see anything.
4. Hiking the trail to the peak................................be dangerous if you are not well
prepared for dramatic weather changes. You.....................................research the
route a little more before you attempt the ascent.
5. When you have a small child in the house, you.....................................be careful
not to leave small objects lying around. Such objects......................................be
swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.

19
6. Dave: …………………you hold your breath for more than a minute? Nathan:
No, I can't.
7. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It …………………have cost a fortune.
8. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough
water, they.............................................die.
9. I …………………speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in
Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the
language and forgot almost everything I knew it as a child. Now, I
…………………just say a few words in Arabic.
10. The book is optional. My professor said we …………………read it if we needed
extra credit. But we..............................................read it if we don't want to.
11. Leo: Where is the spatula? It …………………be in this drawer but it's not here.
Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It
…………………be in there. That's the only other place it… be.
12. You …………………take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman
on the news said there's a storm north of here and it
…………………rain later on this afternoon.
13. …………………we pull over at the next rest stop? I really
…………………use the bathroom and I don't know if I..................................hold
it until we get to Chicago.
14. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He...................................have
left it here last night.
15. Ned: …………………I borrow your lighter for a minute?
Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you keep it if you want
to. I've given up smoking.

20
16. I …………………believe she said that to Megan! She...................................have
insulted her cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She
…………………have just said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like
the meal.
17. Do you …………………chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's
making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.

Ex. 3: Fill in the missing Modal - John is just leaving the hospital after a serious
operation. This is what the doctor tells him.

2. Doctor: if you want to get better you ………………… follow our instructions
carefully. You ………………… rest a lot but you..................................lie in bed all
day long. You...............................take your medicine regularly.
3. John:...........................I eat anything I like?
4. Doctor: You ………………… but you................................eat too much sugar. It’s
not healthy.
5. John:...........................I eat cake then?
6. Doctor: You ………………… but don’t exaggerate. You.................................smoke.
Smoking is forbidden. You ………………… drink beer. You …………………
drink some wine, though. Try to drink tea if you ………………… .

:‫תרגול בית‬
Ex. 4: Rewrite the following using a modal: can, must, should, may

 I want to talk to Mr. Smith please.

………………………………………………………………………………….
 Is it a good idea for me to bake a cake for the party?
………………………………………………………………………………….
 Let me wear your new shirt.
………………………………………………………………………………….
 It is likely to rain tomorrow.
………………………………………………………………………………….

21
Ex. 5: Complete the sentences with the words below.

can could have to must might should

1. Mrs. Scarlett's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still
warm! Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the
killer
…………………be someone in this room. It.................................be any one of
us!!!
2. Ted: I don't know why Denise started crying when I mentioned the wedding.
Pamela: It..............................have been what you said about her brother. Or,
perhaps she is just nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.
3. …………………you always say the first thing that pops into your head?
…………………you think once in a while before you speak?
4. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this
room. It …………………be lying around here somewhere. Where
…………………it be.
5. She …………………join us at the beach later. In the meantime, I
put on sunscreen so that I won't get sun burned.
6. you pass the salt please?
7. Do you always..............................be so loud?
8. …………………I go out with him? No, you …………………
9. you always wear those same pants?
10. He…………………have been the one. How…………………I have let him get
away?
11. You............................cover your mouth when you cough.
12. I...........................pick my mother from the airport at three o’clock. What time
…………………I leave my house?
13. you tell me how to get to Rothschild from here?
14. You have been talking about it forever, you …………………as well do it
already!

22
15. they meet on Wednesdays?

23
16. I wear the blue dress or the red one tonight?
17. …………………you hold on from a moment? I...............................take this call,
it’s important.

Ex. 6: Circle the correct modal or semi-modal to complete the sentences.

1. Go home now. You used to / should / would be home by 8 o’clock.

2. Do you believe that she ought / could / can do it?

3. If you want to work with animals you must / might / may be prepared to work
hard.

4. May / Used to / Would I go now please?

5. He would / ought / is supposed to help me now.

6. You will be able / would / are able to swim faster than him.

7. Your dog has to / couldn’t / were able to win this race. He is the fastest dog I
know.

8. Aren’t you should / supposed to / have to be taking your little brother to

the zoo today?

9. It is warm. You had to/ needn’t / need wear a sweater.

10. We would / supposed to / don’t have to study today.

24
Answers:

Ex. 1: Ex. 4:

1. Can you wrap this box very carefully?

1. May I speak to Mr. Smith please
2. May I use your bicycle
2. Should I bake a cake for the party?
3. Can you give me your address?
3. May I wear your new shirt?
4. We might have a quiz tomorrow
4. It may rain tomorrow

Ex. 5:
Ex. 2: 1. Must, may
2. must
1. Must, should 3. Must, can't
2. should 4. Must, could
3. must 5. Might, should
4. Might, should 6. Can
5. Must, might 7. have to
6. can 8. May, can't
7. must 9. Must
8. might 10. Might, could
9. Could, can 11. should
10. Could, don’t have to 12. Must, should
11. Should, must, can 13. Can
12. Should, might 14. might
13. Can, have to, can 15. Can
14. must 16. Should
15. Can, can 17. Can, must
16. can't, shouldn't, could
17. have to Ex. 6:

1. should
2. ought
Ex. 3: 3. must
4. May
1. must, should, don't have to, must 5. is supposed to
2. can 6. are able to
3. Can, shouldn't 7. has to
4. may 8. supposed to
5. May, mustn't, shouldn't, may, can 9. needn’t
10. don’t have to

25
 2: ‫פרק‬
Past Progressive

26
 ‫שיעור ‪ 1:‬למה צריך ‪ + progressive past‬פעלי‪-‬עזר‬
‫הזמן עבר מתמשך ‪ progressive( )past‬ישמש אותנו בכמה מקרים‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1.‬כאשר נרצה לתאר מקרה בו פעולה קצרה הפריעה לפעולה ארוכה בעבר‪ .‬לדוגמה‪:‬‬
‫‪Last night, while I was doing my homework, the phone rang.‬‬
‫במקרה כזה הפעולה הארוכה (הכנת שיעורי הבית) תהיה ב‪ progressive- ,past‬והפעולה‬
‫הקצרה תהיה ב‪simple- :past‬‬

‫‪ 2.‬כאשר נרצה לתאר שתי פעולות שהתרחשו במקביל (ולאורך זמן) בעבר‪.‬‬

‫לדוגמה‪:‬‬
‫‪Yesterday I was watching a movie while my brother was reading a book.‬‬
‫‪ 3.‬כאשר נרצה לדבר על פעולה בעבר שלקחה זמן‪ .‬לדוגמה‪:‬‬
‫‪At this time yesterday I was preparing dinner‬‬
‫בזמן הזה אתמול הייתי באמצע הכנת ארוחת הערב (פעולה שנמשכה זמן מה‪).‬‬

‫צורת הכתיבה של ‪ progressive past‬דומה מאוד לזאת של ‪( progressive present‬לא בטוחים? כדאי‬
‫לחזור קצת על הזמן הזה‪ ).‬גם כאן ח יבים פועל‪-‬עזר לפני הפועל‪ ,‬אבל הפעם נשים אותו בעבר‪was :‬‬
‫או ‪.were‬‬

‫‪Was‬‬
‫‪+ verb + ing‬‬
‫‪Were‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
 -‫מילות תמרור – מילים שמסמנות לנו שאנחנו ב‬
:past-progressive

While past) progressive ‫(תופיע לפני‬

As past) progressive ‫(תופיע לפני‬
When )‫ במשפטים משולבים‬simple past ‫(תופיע לפני‬

:‫תרגול כיתה‬
Ex. 1: Fill in the spaces with the Past Progressive.
1. She (to play)............................................hockey.
2. They (to swim)...........................................in the pool.
3. It (to rain) …………………………
4. We (to listen)...........................................to music.
5. The cell phone (to ring)…………………………
6. The students (to text).............................................in class.
7. Max (to dance)............................................with two girls.
8. The cat (to sleep).............................................in the basket.
9. I (to wait)..........................................in front of the shop.
10. He (to repair)............................................Garry's bike.

:‫תרגול בית‬
Ex. 2: Fill in the spaces with the Past Progressive.
1. At half past eight last night I ……………………… (read) and my parents
……………………… (watch) TV.
2. What......................................(you, do) when the teacher came in?
3. I......................................(play) the guitar when the phone rang.
4. While you ……………………… (wash) the car I …………………… (try) to
phone you.

28
5. I couldn’t sleep all night, the cats ……………………… (make) a terrible
noise.
6. It ……………………… (rain) all the time while we ………………………
(travel) to Scotland.
7. We visited many places while we..........................................(stay) in Jerusalem.
8. When we showed up at the Cohen’s home, their children …………………
(rush) around and.........................................(hit) each other.

Answers:

Ex. 1:
1. was playing
2. were swimming Ex. 2:
3. was raining
1. was reading, were watching
4. were listening
2. were you doing
5. was ringing
3. was playing
6. were texting
4. were washing, was trying
7. was dancing
5. were making
8. was sleeping
6. was raining, were travelling
9. was waiting
7. were staying
10. was repairing
8. were rushing, were hitting

29
 ‫שיעור ‪ 2:‬שלילה ושאלות ב‪progressive- past‬‬

‫משפטי שלילה‪:‬‬

‫כדי ליצור משפטי שלילה ב‪ progressive- past‬נוסיף את מילת השלילה ‪ not‬אחרי פועל העזר‪.‬‬

‫‪was‬‬
‫‪not + verb + ing‬‬
‫‪were‬‬

‫אם רוצים אפשר להשתמש כאן בקיצורים‪ wasn't :‬ו‪-weren't.‬‬

‫שאלות פשוטות‪:‬‬

‫כדי ליצור שאלות ב‪ progressive- past‬מעבירים את פועל העזר (במקרה שלנו ‪was) / were‬‬
‫לתחילת המשפט‪ .‬לדוגמה‪:‬‬

‫‪Daniel was doing his homework.‬‬

‫?‪Was Daniel doing his homework‬‬

‫אם אנחנו רוצים לשאול שאלה שהתשובה עליה היא כן או לא‪ ,‬נשאיר את השאלה בצורה הזאת‪.‬‬
‫לדוגמה‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫?‪Were you sitting on the bench‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫?‪Were their parents cleaning the kitchen when you arrived‬‬

‫שאלות ‪WH:‬‬

‫אם אנחנו רוצים לשאול שאלת ‪( WH‬שאלה שאי אפשר לענות עליה בכן ולא‪ ),‬נוסיף את מילת‬
‫השאלה לפני פועל העזר‪ .‬לא נשכח להשאיר את פועל העזר מייד אחרי מילת השאלה‪ .‬לדוגמה‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫?‪Where was he going‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫?‪Why was it snowing in the summer‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫?‪What were they studying‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
 :‫תרגול כיתה‬
Ex. 1: Make past progressive negative sentences:

1. (Sima / not / play cards)

……………….………………………………………………………………
2. (Yoram / not / drink water)
………………………………………………………………………………
3. (Dina and Yael / not / dance Tango)
………………………………………………………………………………
4. (Yotam / not / walk in the street)
………………………………………………………………………………..
5. (My cousins / not / drive to Eilat)
…………………………....…………………………………………………..

Ex. 2: Make past progressive ‘yes / no’ questions:

1. (Alan / dance?) Was Alan dancing? Yes, he was dancing to 80’s rock.
2. (Susie / drink cola?)
……………………………………………..……………………………..?
3. (John and Ann / sing?)
……………………………………………………………………………..?
4. (Luke / talk to the girls?)
………………………….…………………………………………………..?
5. (Jodie / put on make-up?)
…………………………….….……………………………………………..?

Ex. 3: Make past progressive ‘wh’ questions:

1. (where / you / go?) Where were you going?

2. (who / you / meet?)
………………………………………………………………………………..?
3. (what / Lucy / wear?)
………………………………………………………………………………...?

31
 4. (what / you / eat?)
……………………..………………………………………………………….?
5. (what / you / drink?)
……………………….………………………………………………………..?

:‫תרגול בית‬
Ex. 4: Make past progressive negative sentences:

1. (Amir / not / water the plants)

……………………….………………………………………………………..
2. (Jenny / not / study math)
………………………………………………………………………………….
3. (Mike and Ben / not / wait for the train)
…………………………………..……………………………………………..
4. (Noa / not / write a book)
………………………………………………………………………………….
5. (My parents / not / drink coffee)
………………………………………………………………………………….

Ex. 5: Make past progressive ‘yes / no’ questions:

1. (we / cook?)
…………………………………….……………………………………..?
2. (Jane / play guitar?)
………………….………………………………………………………..?
3. (David / read a book?)
……………………………………………………………………………..?
4. (Francis / sit in the corner?)
…………………………….………………………………………………..?
5. (everybody / have fun?)
………………………….…………………………………………………..?

32
Ex. 6: Make past progressive ‘wh’ questions:

1. (why / Lucy / smoke?)

………………………..……………………………………………………..?
2. (who / you / talk to?)
……………………….……………………………………………………….?
3. (what / you / carry?)
………………………..……………………………………………………….?
4. (how / Lucy / feel?)
…………………………………………….…………………………………..?

Answers:
Ex. 1: Ex. 4:

1. Sima wasn't playing cards

1. Amir wasn't watering the plants
2. Yoram wasn't drinking water
2. Jenny wasn't studying Math
3. Dina and Yael weren't dancing Tango
3. Mike and weren't waiting for the train
4. Yotam wasn't walking in the street
4. Noa wasn't writing a book
5. My cousins weren't driving to Eilat
5. My parents weren't drinking coffee

Ex. 2:
1. Was Alan dancing? . Ex. 5:
2. Was Susie drinking Cola?
3. Were John and Ann singing?
4. Was Luke talking to the girls? 1. Were we cooking?
5. Was Jodie putting on make-up? 2. Was Jane playing guitar?
3. Was David reading a book?
4. Was Francis sitting in the corner?
5. Was everybody having fun?
Ex. 3:

1. Where were you going? Ex. 6:

2. Who were you meeting?
3. What was Lucy wearing?
4. What were you eating? 1. Why was Lucy smoking?
5. What were you drinking? 2. Who were you talking to?
3. What were you carrying?
4. How was Lucy feeling?

33
 ‫ ותרגול כללי‬simple past ‫ התמודדות עם‬3: ‫שיעור‬

– ‫ אנחנו צריכים בסיטואציות מסוימות (לחזרה‬progressive past ‫ נזכור שאת‬progressive- ,past‫ ו‬simple past ‫כאשר אנחנו צריכים להבחין בין‬
‫ בכל פעם שאנחנו רוצים לתאר דבר שקרה‬1). ‫שיעור‬
-progressive:‫בעבר נחשוב אם יש לנו סיבה להשתמש ב‬

?‫האם הפעולה הייתה ארוכה במיוחד‬ -

?‫האם קרו כאן שני דברים במקביל‬ -
?‫האם פעולה אחת הפריעה לפעולה אחרת או קרתה בזמן שהפעולה השנ יה התרחשה‬ -

:‫ לדוגמה‬simple- .past‫ נשתמש ב‬,‫אם התשובה לשאלות האלה היא לא‬

 The ladies were talking when they heard the news

‫כאן יש פעולה שמתרחשת באמצע פעולה אחרת‬
 The ladies met yesterday and decided to have a party.
simple- .past‫ ולכן שתי הפעולות ב‬,‫כאן אין פעולה שמתרחשת באמצע פעולה אחרת‬

:‫תרגול כיתה‬
Ex. 1: Make the past continuous (you need to choose positive, negative or
question):

1. (he / cook) He was cooking.

2. (she / play cards?) …………………………………………….……………….
3. (I / not / cry) …………………………………………………………….……….
4. (you / not / feel well) …………………………………………………………….
5. (where / I / go when I met you?) ………………………………………………
6. (she / not / sleeping at midnight) ……………………………………………….
7. (I / work?) ……………………………..………………………………………….
8. (you / sleep when I got home?) ……………………………………………….
9. (it / rain at lunchtime) ………………………………………………………….
10. (what / you / do?) ……………………………………………………………….
11. (why / she / run?) ……………………………………………………………….
12. (you / not / read) …………………..…………………………………………….

34
13. (how / we / do at that time?) ………………………………………………….
14. (he / not / watch a film at 3 p:m:) ……………………………………………….
15. (I / do my homework at eight o’clock) ………………………………………….
16. (where / it / rain?) ……………………………………………………………….
17. (you / shop when I called you) ……………………………………………….
18. (she / eat dinner when we arrived) …………………………………………….
19. (he / live in Tokyo at the time?) ……………………………………………….
20. (it / rain?) ………………………………….…………………………………….

Ex. 2: Can you find the mistakes in these sentences? Rewrite them as they
should be.

1. When we ate dinner it started to rain.

…………………………………………………………………………………

2. My mother was living abroad in 1980.

…………………………………………………………………………………

3. I used my computer while my mother studied.

…………………………………………………………………………………

4. The swimmer was hitting a rock when he dived into the sea. Fortunately, no
one was seeing the accident.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

Ex. 3: Choose the correct verb form- past simple or past progressive?

1. It started / was starting / were starting to rain while she watered / was
watering / were watering the garden.
2. When I opened / was opening / were opening the door, it rained / was
raining / were raining.
3. He was hearing / heard / were hearing a loud bang while he talked / were
talking / was talking to his friend.

35
4. While David had / was having / were having a drink at the bar, his wife
were swimming / was swimming / swam in the sea.
5. While he was having / had / were having a shower, his dogs were eating
/ ate / was eating his steaks.

Ex. 4: Fill in the spaces, using the Past Simple or the Past Progressive.
Davida’s Birthday Party
Davida had a birthday party last year. Many of her friends (1)............................................(not,
show) up. Here are their reasons:

Nir (2) ………………… (miss) the bus. He (3)...............................(look) for his shoes when
he (4) ………………… (hear) the bus pass. Smadar (5)......................................(forget). She
(6) ……………… (go) to sleep and (7)..................................(not get up) on time. Oren (8)
………………… (must) visit his uncle who (9)..................................(lie) in hospital. Peleg
(10) ………………… (slip) and (11) ………………… (hurt) his back while he (12)
………………… (work) in the garden. Boaz (13) ………………… (play) tennis. Gadi
(14) ………………… (study) for an important test and Eli (15)..........................................(not
feel) well. Amir, Moshe and Eyal (16).................................(have) tickets for a play and (17)
………………… (have to) go. Irit (18) ………………… (not go) because Dina (19)
………………… (not be invited). Iris’ mother (20)..................................(not permit) her to
go because they (21) ………………… (redecorate) the house and she (22)
………………… (need) her. No one (23) ………………… (know) why Lea (24)
………………… (not attend). She probably (25)...................................(not feel) well.

:‫תרגול בית‬
Ex. 5: Make the past progressive (choose positive, negative or question):

1. (they / take the exam?) ………………………………………………………….

2. (when / he / work there?) ………………………………………………………
3. (you / make dinner?) …………………………………………………………….
4. (they / drink coffee when you arrived?) ………………………………………
5. (when / we / sleep?) …………………………………………………………….

36
6. (they / study last night) …………………………………………………………
7. (we / talk when the accident happened) ………………………………………
8. (he / not / exercise enough) ……………………………………………………
9. (I / talk too much?) ……………………………………………………………..
10. (it / not / snow) ………………………………………………………………….
11. (how / they / feel?) ……………………………………………………………..
12. (they / not / talk) …………………………………………………………………
13. (where / I / stay?) ……………………………………………………………….
14. (why / he / study on a Saturday night?) ………………………………………
15. (I / go to school when you saw me) ……………………………………………
16. (you / sleep at 6am) …………………………………………………………….
17. (she / work when I called) ……………………………………….…………….
18. (we / not / leave when you called) …………………………………………….
19. (I / not / stay in a hotel) …………………..…………………………………….
20. (we / make too much noise?) ………………………………………………….

Ex. 6: Can you find the mistakes in these sentences? Rewrite them as they
should be.
1. Last summer we were going to the beach very often.
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. The baby was crying when I was walking in.
…………………………………………………………………………………

3. When I slept someone was coming into my room.

…………………………………………………………………………………

4. She got up, she washed her face, she was brushing her teeth and was running out of
the apartment to catch the bus. When she got to the bus stop she saw the bus, pulling
away.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

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Ex. 7: Choose the correct verb form- past simple or past progressive?

6. We sat / was sitting / were sitting at the breakfast table when the doorbell
was ringing / were ringing / rang.
7. He met / was meeting / were meeting a lot of friendly people while he
worked / was working / were working in Jerusalem.
8. When they left / was leaving / were leaving the museum the sun shone /
was shining / were shining.
9. The students played / were playing / was playing cards when the teacher
came / was coming / were coming in.
10. While the children slept / was sleeping / were sleeping, their parents
were watching / watched / was watching TV.

Ex. 8: Fill in the spaces, using the Past Simple or the Past Progressive.

1. We ……………………… (see) an excellent film while we.............................(fly)

to New York.
2. As I ……………………… (dance) at the party Dan ………………………
(step) on my foot!
3. At this time yesterday Gila and I..........................................(study) for our exam.
What......................................(you, do) this time yesterday?
4. We ……………………… (not, can, concentrate) because the bell
……………………… (ring) while we.......................................(do) the exam.
5. I ……………………… (look) out of my window and ………………………
(see) two people who.........................................(shout) at each other.
6. While my family ……………………… (drive) to town I ……………………
(notice) a girl who ……………… (sit) and …………………… (cry) by the
roadside. My father ……………… (stop) the car but then the girl
……………… (get) up and............................(run) away as fast as she could.

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Answers:
Ex. 1:
1. He was cooking. 11. why was she running?
2. Was she playing cards? 12. you weren't reading
3. I wasn't crying 13. How were we doing at that time?
4. you weren't feeling well 14. he wasn't watching a film at 3 p.m.
5. Where was I going when I met you 15. I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock
6. she wasn't sleeping at midnight 16. where was it raining?
7. am I working? 17. were you shopping when I called you?
8. Were you sleeping when I got home? 18. she was eating dinner when we arrived
9. it was raining at lunchtime 19. was he living in Tokyo at the time?
10. What were you doing? 20. was it raining?

Ex. 2:
1. It started raining while we were eating dinner Ex. 3:
2. My mother lived abroad in 1980 1. started, was watering
3. I was using my computer while my mother was 2. opened, was raining
studying 3. Heard, was talking
4. The swimmer hit a rock while he was diving into 4. was having, was swimming
the sea. Fortunately, no one saw the accident 5. was having, were eating

Ex. 4:
1. didn't show up 14. was studying
2. missed 15. didn't feel well
3. was looking 16. had
4. heard 17. had to
5. forgot 18. didn't go
6. went 19. wasn't invited
7. didn't get up 20. didn't permit
8. had to 21. were redecorating
9. was lying 22. needed
10. slipped 23. knew
11. hurt 24. didn't attend
12. was working 25. didn't feel
13. was playing

Ex. 5:
1. Were they taking the exam? 11. how were they feeling?
2. when was he working here? 12. they weren't talking
3. Were you making dinner? 13. where was I staying?
4. were they drinking coffee when you arrived? 14. Why was he studying on Saturday night?
5. when were we sleeping? 15. I was going to school when you saw me
6. were they studying last night? 16. were you sleeping at 6 am?
7. we were talking when the accident happened 17. she was working when I called
8. he wasn't exercising enough 18. we weren't leaving when you called.
9. Was I talking too much? 19. I wasn't staying in a hotel.
10. it wasn't snowing 20. were we making too much noise?.

Ex. 6:
1. Last summer we went to the beach very often
2. The baby was crying when I walked in
3. While I was sleeping someone came into my room
4. She got up, washed her face, brushed her teeth and ran out of the apartment to catch a bus. When she got to the bus stop
she saw the bus pulling away.

Ex. 8:
Ex. 7: 1. saw, were flying
1. were sitting, rang. 2. was dancing, stepped
2. Met, was working 3. were studying, were you doing
3. Left, was shining 4. could not concentrate, rang, were doing
4. were playing, came 5. Looked, saw, were shouting
5. were sleeping, were watching. 6. was driving, noticed, was sitting, crying, stopped,
got, ran

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 progressive past ‫ תרגול משולב – כל הזמנים עד‬4: ‫שיעור‬

:‫תרגול כיתה‬
Ex. 1: Fill in the verbs in the correct form of the Present Simple or Progressive
and the Past Simple or Progressive. Pay attention to Stative Verbs.
Yesterday, while my parents (1) ………………… (shop), I (2).....................................(visit)
our new neighbors who (3) ………………… (arrive) from Russia a year ago. I (4)
………………… (try) to explain things to them because they (5)......................................(still,
have) trouble finding their way around. There are many problems which immigrants (6)
………………… (face) in their daily lives. Max, the father, (7)....................................(make)
wild movements to make me understand, and Sonia, his wife, who (8) …………………
(sit) behind us, (9) ………………… (just, watch) and (10)....................................(smile), but
I (11) …………… (can) see that she (12)....................................(not know) how to explain
things any better!

While we (13) ………………… (chat), the two children (14)..................................(argue) in

their small bedroom. They (15) ………………… (speak) Russian, which is the language
that they (16) ………………… (prefer) to use, but they (17).............................................(use)
the odd Hebrew word here and there. It (18).....................................(sound) very funny.

I (19)..............................(put on) my coat when the front door was opened and a visitor
(20) ………………… (enter). They (21)................................(say) that he had been in Israel
for 10 years and (22)................................(be able) to speak Hebrew fluently. When I (23)
………………… (realize) that they (24)................................(not need) my help anymore, I
excused myself and (25)...................................(go) home. Although I didn’t really help my
neighbors that day, I (26)..................................(feel) satisfied that I had made an effort in
the right direction.

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Ex. 2: Fill in the verbs in the correct form. Use the Present Simple or
Progressive, the Past Simple or Progressive or the Future. Pay attention to
Stative Verbs and Temporals.

a. The teacher (1)................................(come) into the classroom unusually early and one
of the boys, who (2) ………………… (smoke) a cigarette, (3)............................(have) no
time to put it out. So he (4) ………………… (throw) it into his desk and (5)
………………… (hope) for the best. A little later the teacher (6) …………………
(notice) that smoke (7) ………………… (rise) from his desk. “(8) …………………
(you, smoke) when I (9) ………………… (come) in?”, she (10) …………………
(ask).
b. “What (1) ………………… (you, do) when the doorbell (2)...............................(ring)?”
“I (3).............................(make) a cake.”

“And (4) ………………… (what, you, do) when you (5)..................................(hear) the
bell?”

“I (6) ………………… (go) to answer the door of course. But when I (7)
………………… (open) the door there (8)..................................(be) nobody there.”

“A few minutes later, the bell (9) ………………… (ring) again and this time I (10)
………………… (find) a man who said he (11)..................................(make) a survey.”

“I (12) ………………… (ask), “(13) …………… (be) it you who (14) …………………
(ring) the bell a minute ago?”

“No,” he (15) ………………… (answer), “but while I (16)..................................(talk) to

your neighbor I (17)................................(see) a man standing at your door. I think he
(18)..............................(go) around to the back of your house.”

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