Social Science (Volume 2) | Grade 10

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

PREFACE
Assessments are an important tool that help gauge learning. They provide valuable feedback about the
effectiveness of instructional methods; about what students have actually understoodand also provide
actionable insights. The National Education Policy, 2020 has outlined the importance of competency-based
assessments in classrooms as a means to reform curriculum and pedagogical methodologies. The policy
emphasizeson the developmentof higher orderskillssuch as analysis, criticalthinking and problemsolving
through classroom instructions and alignedassessments.
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has been collaborating with Educational Initiatives (Ei) in the
area of assessment. Through resources like the Essential Concepts document and A- Question-A-Day
(AQAD), highquality questions and concepts critical tolearning havebeen shared with schools and teachers.
Continuing with the vision to ensure that every student is learning with understanding, Question Booklets
have been created for subjects for Grade 10th and 12th. These booklets contain competency-based items,
designed specifically to test conceptual understanding and applicationof concepts.
Process of creating competency-based items
All items in these booklets are aligned to the NCERT curriculum and have been created keeping in mind
the learning outcomes that are important for students to understand and master. Items are a mix of Free
Response Questions (FRQs) and Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs). In case of MCQs, the options (correct
answer and distractors) are specifically created to test for understanding and capturing specific
errors/misconceptions that students may harbour. Each incorrect option can thereby inform teachers on
specific gaps that may exist in student learning. In case of subjective questions, each question also has a
detailed scoring rubric to guide evaluation of students’ responses.
Each item has been reviewed by experts, to check for appropriateness of the item, validity of theitem,
conceptual correctness, languageaccuracy and othernuances.
How canthese itembooklets be used?
There are 350 questions in this booklet.
The purpose of these item booklets is to provide samples of high-quality competency-based items to
teachers. The items can be used to–
● get an understanding of what good competency-based questions could look like
● give exposure to students to competency-baseditems
● assist in classroom teaching and learning
● get inspiration to create more such competency-based items
Students can also use this document to understand different kinds of questions and practice specific
concepts and competencies. There will be further additions in the future to provide competency focused
questions on all chapters.
The item booklets are aligned with the 2022‐23 curriculum. However, a few questions from topic which
got rationalized in 2023‐24 syllabus are also there in the booklet which may be used as a reference for
teachers and students.
Pleasewrite back to us to give yourfeedback.
Team CBSE

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

CONTENTS

1. Chapter: What Development Promises - Different people different goals ....................... 1

Answer Key & Marking Scheme ....................................................................................... 3
2. Chapter: Income, other goals and Income and other criteria ........................................... 4
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ....................................................................................... 5
3. Chapter: National Development comparison with other countries .................................. 6
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ....................................................................................... 7
4. Chapter: Sectors of Economic Activities .......................................................................... 8
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ....................................................................................... 9
5. Chapter: Division of sectors ........................................................................................... 12
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 13
6. Chapter: Sectors in terms of ownership ........................................................................ 15
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 16
7. Chapter: Reasons for power sharing .............................................................................. 17
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 17
8. Chapter: Forms of power sharing .................................................................................. 18

Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 18

9. Chapter: Resources ........................................................................................................ 19
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 21
10. Chapter: Muslim League ................................................................................................ 22
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 22
11. Chapter: Poona Pact ...................................................................................................... 23
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 23
12. Chapter: Hindustan Socialist Republican Army ............................................................... 24
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 24
13. Chapter: Round Table Conference ................................................................................. 25
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 25
14. Chapter: India post 1857 under the British rule ............................................................. 26
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 28
15. Chapter: Type of Government, Voting ........................................................................... 30
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 30

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

16. Chapter: Role of Language in Nation Building ................................................................ 31
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 32
17. Chapter: Civil Disobedience Movement ......................................................................... 33
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 35
18. Chapter: Flora and Fauna in India .................................................................................. 37
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 37
19. Chapter: Categories of Flora and Fauna ........................................................................ 38
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 39
20. Chapter: Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India .................................................... 40
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 44
21. Chapter: Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources ................................. 47
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 47
22. Chapter: Community and Conservation ......................................................................... 48
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 48
23. Chapter: Globalisation in the Pre-modern world ........................................................... 49
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 51
24. Chapter: Globalisation in the 19th century .................................................................... 52
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 56

25. Chapter: The Inter-War Economy .................................................................................. 59

Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 59
26. Chapter: The Post-War Era ............................................................................................ 60
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 62
27. Chapter: Money as medium of exchange ...................................................................... 66
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 67
28. Chapter: Modern forms of money ................................................................................. 68
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 68
29. Chapter: Loan activities of bank .................................................................................... 69
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 70
30. Chapter: Two different credit situations ........................................................................ 71
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 72
31. Chapter: Terms of Credit ............................................................................................... 73
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 76

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

32. Chapter: Formal sector credit in India............................................................................ 77
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 81
33. Chapter: SHG in India .................................................................................................... 83
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 84
34. Chapter: Differences and similarities ............................................................................. 85
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 89
35. Chapter: Quantitative water scarcity ............................................................................. 91
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 92
36. Chapter: River projects and integrated water resource management ............................ 93
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 94
37. Chapter: Advantages of dams........................................................................................ 95
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 95
38. Chapter: Critique of dams.............................................................................................. 96
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 97
39. Chapter: Different types of River water harvesting ........................................................ 98
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ..................................................................................... 99
40. Chapter: Types of federalism....................................................................................... 100
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 101

41. Chapter: Constitutional Features of Indian federalism ................................................ 102

Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 104
42. Chapter: Evolution of federalism in India ..................................................................... 105
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 106
43. Chapter: Key features - central state and local govt, powers of the same.................... 107
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 108
44. Chapter: Case Study of Nepal ...................................................................................... 109
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 109
45. Chapter: Case study of Bolivian water war ................................................................... 110
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 112
46. Chapter: Mobilisations and organisation ..................................................................... 113
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 115
47. Chapter: Pressure groups and movements .................................................................. 116
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 116

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

48. Chapter: Sectional and public interest groups ............................................................. 117
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 118
49. Chapter: Movement groups ......................................................................................... 119
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 121
50. Chapter: Influence of the pressure groups .................................................................. 122
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 123
51. Chapter: Gender and politics ....................................................................................... 124
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 124
52. Chapter: Gendered politics of labour........................................................................... 125
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 125
53. Chapter: Communalism ............................................................................................... 126
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 126
54. Chapter: Caste and politics .......................................................................................... 127
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 128
55. Chapter: Caste inequalities .......................................................................................... 129
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 131
56. Chapter: Social and religious diversity of India ............................................................ 132
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 132

57. Chapter: Caste in politics ............................................................................................. 133

Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 133
58. Chapter: Politics in castes ............................................................................................ 134
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 134
59. Chapter: The Coming up of the factory........................................................................ 135
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 135
60. Chapter: The Pace of Industrial Change ....................................................................... 136
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 137
61. Chapter: Hand Labour and Steam Power ..................................................................... 139
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 139
62. Chapter: The Age of Indian Textiles ............................................................................. 140
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 140
63. Chapter: Effect on the weavers.................................................................................... 141
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 143

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

64. Chapter: Selling Manchester goods in India ................................................................. 144
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 146
65. Chapter: The Early Entrepreneurs ................................................................................ 147
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 148
66. Chapter: Factory workers and their recruitment.......................................................... 150
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 150
67. Chapter: Peculiarities of Industrial growth .................................................................. 151
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 152
68. Chapter: Small scale industries .................................................................................... 153
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 153
69. Chapter: Subsistence farming ...................................................................................... 154
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 154
70. Chapter: Commercial farming ...................................................................................... 155
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 155
71. Chapter: Cropping pattern in India .............................................................................. 156
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 156
72. Chapter: Major non-food crops ................................................................................... 157
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 157

73. Chapter: Agriculture development .............................................................................. 158

Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 160
74. Chapter: Environmental damage ................................................................................. 163
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 163
75. Chapter: Accountability and responsiveness ................................................................ 164
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 165
76. Chapter: Legitimacy ..................................................................................................... 167
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 168
77. Chapter: Economic development and equality ............................................................ 169
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 171
78. Chapter: Social diversity .............................................................................................. 172
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 173
79. Chapter: Respect of freedom of citizens ...................................................................... 174
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 175

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

80. Chapter: Challenges of Democracy .............................................................................. 176
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 178
81. Chapter: Overcoming challenges – Reforms ................................................................ 180
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 181
82. Chapter: Print comes to Europe .................................................................................. 183
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 183
83. Chapter: The Print Revolution and its impact .............................................................. 184
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 184
84. Chapter: The Reading Mania ....................................................................................... 185
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 185
85. Chapter: India and the Print World .............................................................................. 186
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 187
86. Chapter: Religious Reform and Public debates............................................................. 188
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 189
87. Chapter: Print and censorship...................................................................................... 190
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 190
88. Chapter: Need for political parties ............................................................................... 191
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 191

89. Chapter: Number of political parties............................................................................ 192

Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 192
90. Chapter: National parties ............................................................................................ 193
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 194
91. Chapter: State parties .................................................................................................. 195
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 195
92. Chapter: Challenges to political parties ........................................................................ 196
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 197
93. Chapter: Consumer in Marketplace ............................................................................. 198
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 198
94. Chapter: Consumer Movement ................................................................................... 199
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 199
95. Chapter: Consumer Rights ........................................................................................... 200
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 201

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

96. Chapter: Examples of Consumer rights ........................................................................ 202
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 204
97. Chapter: Mineral Sources ............................................................................................ 205
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 205
98. Chapter: Energy Sources .............................................................................................. 206
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 207
99. Chapter: Non-conventional power sources .................................................................. 208
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 208
100. Chapter: Conventional power resources ...................................................................... 209
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 209
101. Chapter: Different minerals ......................................................................................... 210
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 210
102. Chapter: Conservation of minerals .............................................................................. 211
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 212
103. Chapter: Importance ................................................................................................... 213
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 213
104. Chapter: Types of industries ........................................................................................ 214
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 215

105. Chapter: Industrial Regions ......................................................................................... 216

Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 217
106. Chapter: Major industries ............................................................................................ 218
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 219
107. Chapter: Environmental Damage ................................................................................. 220
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 221
108. Chapter: Roadways ...................................................................................................... 222
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 222
109. Chapter: Railways ........................................................................................................ 223
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 224
110. Chapter: Pipelines........................................................................................................ 225
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 225
111. Chapter: Waterways .................................................................................................... 226
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 226

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

112. Chapter: Airways ......................................................................................................... 227
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 227
113. Chapter: Communication ............................................................................................. 228
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 228
114. Chapter: Production across countries .......................................................................... 229
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 230
115. Chapter: Foreign trade and integration of markets ...................................................... 231
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 231
116. Chapter: Factors that have enabled globalisation ........................................................ 232
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 233
117. Chapter: Liberalisation and FDI .................................................................................... 234
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 234
118. Chapter: Impact of globalisation on India .................................................................... 235
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 235
119. Chapter: Fair globalisation ........................................................................................... 236
Answer Key & Marking Scheme ................................................................................... 236

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10

 Chapter: What Development Promises - Different people different goals

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow.
Development as Freedom is Amartya Sen's first book after receiving the Nobel
and the most widely read of all of his works. Based on the author's World Bank
Fellow Lectures in 1996, this descriptive, non-technical overview of welfare
economics argues that 'development' should be viewed not in terms of economic
measures (e.g. GDP growth, average annual income) but in terms of the real
'freedoms' that people can enjoy such as economic facilities and social
opportunities. Sen describes human freedom as both the primary end objective
and the principal means of development; economic measures are merely the
means to this end. Sen frames development as the realisation of freedom and
the abolishment of 'unfreedoms' such as poverty, famine, and lack of political
rights.
Source: Terjesen, Siri. (2004). Amartya Sen's Development as Freedom.

Q.1 Which of the following definitions of development are aligned with the view of 1
development presented in this excerpt?

A. Development refers to improvements in way of managing an area’s natural

and human resources in order to create wealth and improve people’s lives.

B. Development means raising the standard of living for citizens of the world
today, through relating to the needs of the coming generations.

C. Development means an increase inthe size or pace of the economy such that
more products and services are produced.
D. Development is a tool to make conditions that lead to a realisation of the
highest potentials of human personality.

Q.2 Which of the following would be true development according to Amartya Sen? 1
A. Providing services through charity to people living in a slum area
B. Constructing a city by-pass to divert heavy traffic away from the city

C. Equal participation and representation of women in political matters

D. Building well-planned cities with smart technology for city management

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 1

Q.3 Which indicator of development would come the closest to measuring the kind 1
of development that is being talked about?

A. Ease of Doing Business Index

B. Human Development Index

C. Global Happiness Index

D. Gross Domestic Product

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.4 Consider a situation where the government of a developing country has decided 3
to undertake a large dam-building project. This project is touted to provide
significant benefits such as hydroelectric power, improved irrigation, and flood
control. However, this project alsoinvolves relocating several tribal communities
that have lived in the project area for generations. These tribal groups are
protesting the project, citing the loss of their ancestral lands and insufficient
rehabilitation measures

In 3 relevant points, analyse this scenario in the context of development.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 2

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.1 D. Development is a tool to make conditions that lead to a realisation of the 1

highest potentials of human personality.

Correct Answer Explanation:

Development as a means to enhance human capabilities and freedoms, not just
economic metrics, emphasizing development as the realization of human
potential and freedom, not just economic growth. Option 4 aligns with Sen's view
in the excerpt.

Q.2 C. Equal participation and representation of women in political matters 1

Correct Answer Explanation:
Equal participation and representation of women in political matters aligns with
Sen's view that development involves the realization of freedoms and the
abolishment of 'unfreedoms'. Equal participation and representation in political
matters, particularly for underrepresented groups like women, directly
contribute to the enhancement of political freedoms and rights, key aspects of
Sen's definition of development. Hence, option 3 is the correct answer.

Q.3 B. Human Development Index 1

Q.4 Award 1 mark each for any 3 relevant points: 3

(1) development for the government and for the people, destruction for the
tribal minorities
(2) poor rehabilitation measures provided

(3) delayed justice

(4) judiciary should intervene in matters of conflict between the government and
the people
(5) effects of dam-building projects on tribals

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 3

 Chapter: Income, other goals and Income and other criteria

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.5 Study the table given below. 1

Person A Person B Person C Person D Average income

2500 4600 5000 X 4000
Find X, the income of Person D.

A. 3000
B. 4000
C. 3900
D. 4100

Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow.
Development as Freedom is Amartya Sen's first book after receiving the Nobel
and the most widely read of all of his works. Based on the author's World Bank
Fellow Lectures in 1996, this descriptive, non-technical overview of welfare
economics argues that 'development' should be viewed not in terms of economic
measures (e.g. GDP growth, average annual income) but in terms of the real
'freedoms' that people can enjoy such as economic facilities and social
opportunities. Sen describes human freedom as both the primary end objective
and the principal means of development; economic measures are merely the
means to this end. Sen frames development as the realisation of freedom and
the abolishment of 'unfreedoms' such as poverty, famine, and lack of political
rights.

Source: Terjesen, Siri. (2004). Amartya Sen's Development as Freedom.

Q.6 In present-day Indian society, which of the following people would be the MOST 1
'unfree' as defined in this passage?

A. Arvind, a shopkeeper who cannot afford to move from his 3 bedroom flat
to a bigger house
B. Afreen, a woman who is not allowed to pursue education
C. Hiralal, a farmer has insurance against crop failure due to famine

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 4

 D. Anjana, a 15-year old, who does not have voting rights

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.5 C. 3900 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

The average income is calculated by adding up the income of all four people, and
diving the sum by 4. Here, we know the average income to be 4000, hence
making person D's income, on substituting values into the formula, 3900 - or
option B.

Q.6 B. Afreen, a woman who is not allowed to pursue education 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 5

 Chapter: National Development comparison with other countries

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.7 The map given below shows the Indian states with their categorisation on the 5
basis of their Human Development Indices (HDI).

(a) Identify the top two states with the highest HDI.
(b) Name any two states at the bottom of the HDI ranking.
(c) In 2020-21, Maharashtra is the richest state in India with a GDP of Rs. 26.61
lakh crore, but has a lower per capita income than Goa. What is the reason for
this?
(d) Gujarat has a higher per capita income but lower HDI than Mizoram. What
can be the reason for this?
(e) India's neighbouring country Sri Lanka has an HDI of 0.782 (2019), while
India's HDI is 0.645 (2019). Name any one Indian state with an HDI similar to that
of Sri Lanka, and one Indian state with the HDI closer to the national average.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 6

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.7 (a) Award 0.5 marks for each: 5

Kerala, Goa

(b) Award 0.5 marks each for any 2:

Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand

(c) Maharashtra's high population

(d) better health and education in Mizoram

(e) Award 0.5 marks each:

HDI closer to Sri Lanka - Goa / Kerala

HDI closer to the national average - Rajasthan / Madhya Pradesh / Chhattisgarh

/ Odisha / West Bengal / Assam

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 7

 Chapter: Sectors of Economic Activities

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.8 Nina is a baker. She uses eggs in her cakes. Will the value of these eggs be 1
included in the calculation of the total domestic product?

A. Yes, because eggs are a final product in themselves.

B. Yes, because they are included in the primary sector.
C. No, because they are included in the value of the cakes.
D. No, because eggs have no value of their own without the cake.

Q.9 When a country progresses from underdeveloped to developing to developed, 1

the sector that contributes the largest part to the national income, changes.
Which of the following shows this change?

A. Primary --> Tertiary --> Secondary

B. Primary --> Secondary --> Tertiary
C. Tertiary --> Primary --> Secondary
D. Tertiary --> Secondary --> Primary

Q.10 Which of the following is moving from primary to the tertiary sector? 1

A. A farmer is relocating to the city and joins a food delivery agency.

B. A miner quits his job and starts working at an iron and steel factory.
C. A taxi driver goes back to his village and opens his own grocery shop.
D. A cattle farmer begins making milk products and selling them in the
village.

Q.11 Which of the following shows an instance of dependence on the tertiary sector? 1

A. An icecream producer buys milk from a dairy farmer.

B. A farmer needs a savings account to deposit her money.
C. An oil and gas company need big machines to drill the earth's surface.
D. An educational organisation buys stationery from a local cottage industry
directly.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 8

 Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.12 State the changes that have taken place in the employment share of the three 3
sectors in India, since the 1970s.

Q.13 Interpret the graph given below in terms of the growth of the three sectors in 3
India and their contribution to the total GDP of the country, over the last half a
century.

Q.14 Anandhi was forced into buying additional warranty, which she didn’t want, for 3
a TV she bought. She thinks that she has been denied the right to choose.
(a) Is she correct? Justify your answer.

(b) Who can she approach to address her grievance?

Q.15 Suman's family owns a small farm. She works there with her four siblings. They 2
all put in two hours of work each morning and evening. There isn't any work to
be done on the farm in between. Additionally, none of them have any other jobs.

What type of unemployment is Suman and her family dealing with? Support the
answer with a reason.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 9

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.8 C. No, because they are included in the value of the cakes. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

The eggs in this case are intermediate goods, and the value of eggs is implicitly
included in the value of the final product, i.e., cake. Hence, option 3 is the correct
answer.

Q.9 B. Primary --> Secondary --> Tertiary 1

Q.10 A. A farmer is relocating to the city and joins a food delivery agency. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

A primary sectorjob generates raw materials while the tertiary sector is a service
sector. Option 1 correctly demonstrates this shift.

Q.11 B. A farmer needs a savings account to deposit her money in. 1

Q.12 Award 1 mark each for the following 3 points. 3

1) Agriculture continues to employ the most people, but the share has decreased.

2) Share of tertiary sector has grown the most.

3) Share of secondary sector has grown as well.

Q.13 Award 1 mark each for the following: 3

1) growth in all 3 sectors

2) highest growth in tertiary sector

3) contribution of agriculture and allied (primary) sector declined and tertiary

increased

Q.14 (a) 3
- Anandhi is correct.

- Since Anandhi didn’t want to buy additional warranty and was forced to buy it,
she has been denied the right to choose.
(b) She canapproach the consumer forum to lodge a complaint againstthe store.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 10

Q.15 - Disguisedunemployment/underemployment 2

- Labour is divided between Suman and her siblings andneither of them are using
their labour to its full potential.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 11

 Chapter: Division of sectors

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.16 There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): People in the organised sector are vulnerable to exploitation and
need protection.

Reason (R): Organised sector has many benefits along with job security for the
employees.

A. A is true but R is false.

B. A is false but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
D. Both A and R are true and R does not explain A.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.17 Why is the Right to Work Act important for India? State any two provisions under 5
this.

Q.18 Saroj works in an office. Suman is her house help. State any five points of 5
difference in the working conditions of Saroj and Suman.

Q.19 Explain in three points the conditions of work in the unorganised sector. 3

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 12

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.16 B. A is false but R is true. 1

Q.17 Award 1 mark each for the following 2 or any other relevant points: 5

1) One must work and earn in order to meet basic needs of life.

2) Universal employment is difficult to achieve, so the government must

introduce some measures for a short term fix.

Award 1 mark each for the following 2 or any other relevant points:

1) Under MNREGA (2005), all those who are able to, and are in need of, work in
rural areas are guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government.

2) If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give

unemployment allowances to the people.

3) The types of work that would in future help to increase the production from
land will be given preference under the Act.

Q.18 Award 1 mark each for any 5 relevant points: 5

1) working hours - fixed / not fixed

2) job security - exists / does not exist

3) paid leaves - allowed / not allowed

4) medical and other allowances - provided / not guaranteed

5) provident fund - paid / not paid

Q.19 - low wages 3

- no paid leaves

- no provision for overtime

- insecure employment

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 13

 -any other relevant point

(any three to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 14

 Chapter: Sectors in terms of ownership

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.20 Which of the following are goods which need to be provided by the public sector? 1

A. Goods that are very profitable to provide

B. Goods that the government wants to control in the private sector
C. Goods that are not used by the common people but are for the ultra rich
D. Goods that cannot be provided by the private sector at a reasonable cost

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.21 How can providing cheap credit facilities to poor farmers help them in increasing 3
their income?

Q.22 Fair Price Shops are part of the public distribution system. These are operated by 3
the government and they offer daily food products and other daily commodities
at much lower prices than the market prices. The products at these shops are
supplied by the farmers.

Source (edited): pmjandhanyojana

How are these fair price shops beneficial for both producers and consumers?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 15

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.20 D. Goods that cannot be provided by the private sector at a reasonable cost 1

Q.21 Award 1 mark each for the following or any other relevant point: 3

1) modernise farming

2) protect them from debt trap

3) allow them to diversify

Q.22 - Farmers and other producers sell their produce to the government at fixed 'fair' 3
prices, which is the price assured to the producers beforehand.

- People who cannot afford daily use food items can purchase suchproducts from
these shops because here they are sold at a price below the market value.

- In this way, this system protects and benefits both the farmers and the
consumers.

(to be evaluated as a whole)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 16

 Chapter: Reasons for power sharing

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.23 Read the following headline in a newspaper. 1

A government in a conflict-ridden country offered a power-sharing agreement to
a militant group as part of a negotiation to cease hostilities.

Which type of reasoning for power-sharing is demonstrated here?

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.23 Prudential reason 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 17

 Chapter: Forms of power sharing

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.24 Readthe two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason(R) and choose the 1
correct option.

(A): About 24% of the total seats in Lok Sabha are reserved for SC-ST categories.

(R) : To uphold democracy, power is shared with the people who get affected by
the decisions taken.

A. (A) is true but (R) is false.

B. (A) is false but (R) is true.
C. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A).
D. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A).

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.24 C. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Reservations have historically been regarded as an effective way to ensure that
the marginalized, who get most affected or excluded form state decisions, are
provided a platform and opportunity to demand rightful attention and
consideration. This is a core of the democratic ideal. Hence, option 3 is correct.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 18

 Chapter: Resources

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.25 This is a cartoon on climate change. 1

Which of the following statements best describes the cartoon?

A. While the rich are benefitted from the depletion of resources, the poor
are affected by its consequences.
B. Resources are available to everyone equally, but the adverse effects are
faced by the poor.
C. Those who do not use natural resources sustainably are left to face its
adverse effects.
D. The rich try to reverse the effects of climate change by helping the poor.

Q.26 The area shaded in light blue is India's Exclusive Economic Zone. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 19

 Which of the following should be consulted for an Indian company to dredge the
ocean at point P?

A. Indian government only

B. International institutions and charters
C. Governments of all neighbouring countries
D. International institutions and the government of the country closest to
point P

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.27 The production of which type of resource is more sustainable, renewable or non- 2
renewable? Justify your answer with a reasoning.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 20

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.25 A. While the rich are benefitted from the depletion of resources, the poor are 1
affected by its consequences.

Correct Answer Explanation:

The rich contribute to depletion while the poor face the consequences; the
inequitable distribution of resources also leads to the have nots bearing the
brunt of its consequences. Option 1 best describes the message of the image.

Q.26 B. International institutions and charters 1

Q.27 -Renewable Resources 2

-Renewable resources are sustainable since they can be replenished without

jeopardising the needs of the future generation. This ensures sustainable
development.

(to be assessed as a whole)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 21

 Chapter: Muslim League

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.28 List three key impacts of the Muslim League on India's National Movement. 3

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.28 Award 1 mark each for any three of the following points or any other relevant 3
point:

1. In 1927, it renegotiated an alliance with the Congress party to fight the British
together which brought Hindu-Muslim unity.

2. It participated in the demonstration which demanded the 'Simon Commission'

to go back.

3. It participated in the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat movement against the British

4. It fought for the creation of a separate nation for Indian Muslims.

5. It secured its demand for a separate electorate for Muslims.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 22

 Chapter: Poona Pact

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.29 There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): The Poona Pact made the depressed classes a formidable political
force for the first time in history.
Reason (R): Dr. B.R Ambedkar and Gandhi agreed to make separate electorates
for the depressed classes in the Poona Pact.

A. A is true but R is false.

B. A is false but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.29 A. A is true but R is false. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 23

 Chapter: Hindustan Socialist Republican Army

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.30 If one was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA), which 1
of the following would they be engaged in?

A. Organising a protest against the Muslim league

B. Working with Dr. Ambedkar to mobilise the Dalits to stand in elections
C. Planning multiple violent attacks on British soldiers over a period of time
D. Participating in Satyagraha Movement against the British policies in India

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.30 C. Planning multiple violent attacks on British soldiers over a period of time 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 24

 Chapter: Round Table Conference

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.31 Observe the image given below. 1

What was the agreement between Gandhi and the Viceroy?

A. The British government will lift the ban on meetings, demonstrations, and
boycotts.
B. The British government will reserve seats for depressed classes in the
councils.
C. Gandhi will participate in Round Table Conference.
D. Gandhi will accept dominion status for India.

Answer Key & Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.31 C. Gandhi will participate in Round Table Conference. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 25

 Chapter: India post 1857 under the British rule

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.32 Which of the following is NOT an example of power-sharing? 1

A. The Central government takes care of foreign affairs and the state
government looks after agriculture and irrigation.
B. The Supreme court directs the Haryana government to remove illegal
constructions in the Aravali range.
C. Thirty three percent of the total seats are reserved for women in the Lok
Sabha.
D. The citizens of India have the power to vote out the leader in the next
elections.

Q.33 'The movement achieved its principal objective, which included forcing the 1
colonial state to withdraw a policy aimed at raising the rate of land revenue paid
by peasants (which was a tax that was levied in the form of rent paid to the
state)'.

Source: Valiani, A. (2011) Militant Publics in India: Physical Culture and Violence
in the Making of a Modern Polity. Springer
The above lines are about .

A. Kheda Satyagraha
B. Bardoli Satyagraha
C. Rowlatt Satyagraha
D. Ahmedabad Satyagraha

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.34 Read this excerpt from Louis Fischer's The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. 1

The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhi’s life. ‘‘What I did,” he
[Gandhi] explained, “was a very ordinary thing. I declared that the British could
not order me about in my own country.”

Why does Fischer call the Champaran episode the turning point of Gandhi's life?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 26

Q.35 Here is a passage on Mahatma Gandhi's experience in South Africa. 3
On 7 June 1893, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was on his way from Durban to
Pretoria in South Africa on a business errand. Soon, he was ordered by the
conductor to move from the first-class carriage (reserved for white passengers)
where he was sitting, to the van compartment for lower-class travellers. When
Gandhi refused, showing the conductor his first-class ticket, he was evicted from
the train. A plaque on the platform marks the approximate spot where he was
pushed from the train carriage with his luggage. “This incident changed the
course of his life,” it reads.

Source: BBC, 26 March 2019, "The Birthplace of Gandhi's peaceful protest"

Based on your reading of the passage, answer the following questions.
(a) What canyou deduce about the plight of the non-white people living in South
Africa at the time?

(b) Explain in two ways how "this incident changed the course" of Gandhi's life.

Q.36 In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru went around the villages in Awadh, talking to the 2
villagers, and trying to understand their grievances.
What was the outcome of this exercise?

Q.37 "The most striking evidence of continued popular militancy came from the ever- 5
restive semi-tribal Rampa region in the north of the Godavari, scene of a veritable
guerrilla war between August 1922 and May 1924. [The leader of the revolt] won
the grudging admiration of the Britishas a formidable guerrilla tactician. That the
Government had to spend over Rs 40 lakhs in those days to defeat the rebellion
speaks volumes about the success of the Rampa rebellion."

Source: The Hindu

State the causes of the rebellion that the passage talks about.

Q.38 Explainhow Alluri Sitaram Raju's methods to protest againstthe Britishatrocities 3

were in direct contradiction to Gandhi's methods.

Q.39 Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the 3
same nation when they discover some unity that binds them together.

Source: NCERT
How did nationalists such as Rabindranath Tagore and Natesa Sastri use folk art
and music to bring this about?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 27

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.32 D. The citizens of India have the power to vote out the leader in the next 1
elections.

Q.33 B. Bardoli Satyagraha 1

Q.34 Award 1 mark for any one of the following or any other relevant point: 1

1) first satyagraha in India, successful in inspiring and giving courage to peasants

and farmers

2) encouraged Gandhi to launch other satyagraha movements against the

oppressive policies of the British

Q.35 Award 1 mark for any one of the following or any other relevant point: 3

1) facing racial discrimination

2) experienced human rights violation

3) saw inhuman treatment meted out to them
Award 1 mark each for any two of the following or any other relevant point.
1) the first-hand experience of racial discrimination made him realise the
problems Indians and the Blacks were facing
2) vowed to work for the rights of the oppressed
3) fought for the rights of Indians and the Blacks
4) came up with the idea of satyagraha and led the freedom movement in India

Q.36 -setting up of Oudh Kisan Sabhas headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba 2

Ramchandra and a few others

-over 300 branches were set up in the villages around the region within a month
(to be evaluated as a whole)

Q.37 -The rebellion happened in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh. 5

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 28

 -The colonial government had closed large forest areas and prevented people
from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits.

-It enraged the hill people.

-Not only were their livelihoods affected but they felt that their traditional rights
were being denied.
-When the government began forcing them to contribute begar for road building,
the hill people revolted.
(to be evaluated as a whole)

Q.38 -use of force, not non-violence 3

-attacked police stations

-attempted to kill British officials

-carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj

(any 3 points to be evaluated)

Q.39 -Rabindranath Tagore collected ballads, nursery rhymes and myths. 3

-Some nationalists felt itwas essential to preserve suchfolk traditions to discover

one’s national identity and restore a sense of pride.

-Natesa Sastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales - The
Folklore of Southern India.

-any other relevant point

(any 3 points to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 29

 Chapter: Type of Government, Voting

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.40 'Pakistan has once again laid claim in the coastal region of Junagadh in Gujarat 1
even after suffering a massive defeat during the 1948 plebiscite that formalised
the accession of Junagadh into India.'

Source: Smriti Chaudhary, August 2020, The Eurasian Times 'After 72 Years & 91
Votes – Why Is Pakistan Again Claiming Junagadh?'
Explain what happened in the process of the plebiscite that formalised the
accession of Junagadh into India.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.40 Award 1 mark each to the following point or any other relevant point: 1

A direct vote of all the people who were residents of the Junagadh region was
taken in 1948 to either accept or reject the proposal of being part of India.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 30

 Chapter: Role of Language in Nation Building

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.41 Read the paragraph below and answer the following questions: 5
Language revitalisation movements globally play a crucial role in asserting
national identities, often in response to historical suppression. These
movements, encompassing language revitalisation, renewal, and reclamation,
aim to restore languages based on historical and archival evidence. Such efforts
are typically a response to colonial or oppressive impacts on national formation,
aiming to 'reclaim' languages associatedwith national identities. The resurgence
of national languages symbolises more than communication; it signifies a
reassertion of cultural and national heritage. Although the specifics vary across
nations, these movements reflect a common desire to rectify past injustices and
foster future cultural and political autonomy, underscoring the intertwined
nature of language and national identity in the global context.

Source: Lo Bianco, Joseph. (2012). National language revival movements:

Reflections from India, Israel, Indonesia and Ireland.

(a) Identify two historical examples where the revival or promotion of a language
played a significantrole in fostering national identity or resistance againstforeign
dominance.

(b) Provide two examples of countries where a particular language was

instrumental in the nation-building process following significant political change
or the establishment of a new state.

(c) Describe an instance in history where a foreign language was imposed on a

population as part of colonial or foreign occupation.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 31

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.41 (a) Award 1 mark to each of the following points or any other relevant point: 5

1) Polish clergy used Polish during Church gatherings and all religious instruction.
The use of Polish came to be seen as a symbol of the struggle against Russian
dominance.

2) The Grimm brothers collected German folk tales and published a 33-volume
dictionary of the German language to create a German national identity among
German-speaking people

(b) Award 1 mark to each of the following points or any other relevant point:

1) After the French Revolution constitutional monarchy system was established

where French was made the common language for the entire nation. This step
was taken for nation-building.

2) Once Great Britain was formed the English language was activelypromoted as
a step towards nation-building.

(c) Award 1 mark to any one of the following points or any other relevant point:

1) After the Russian occupation of Poland the Russian language was imposed on
Polish people.

2) After the French occupation German-speaking people were forced to learn

and use French.

3) After England colonised India in the 19th century, English was used for official
work and people were discouraged from using local dialects.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 32

 Chapter: Civil Disobedience Movement

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.42 Many rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar 1
Pradesh refused to participate when the Civil Disobedience Movement was
relaunched in 1932.

What can be interpreted from their refusal?

A. There was a lack of clarity on Gandhi's plans for the country.

B. They wanted a more extremist and quicker way to gain freedom.
C. Freedom for them was connected to personal instead of collective
benefit.
D. There was a lapse in the planning and execution of the movements of the
freedom struggle.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.43 Read the given excerpt on the Dharsana Salt Works Demonstration. 3

'Slowly and in silence, the throng commenced the half-mile march to the salt
deposits. The salt deposits were surrounded by ditches filled with water and
guarded by 400 native Surat police. Suddenly, at a word of command, scores of
native police rushed upon the advancing marchers and rained blows on their
heads with their steel-shod lathis.

Not one of the marchers even raised an arm to fend off the blows. . .They
marched slowly toward the police. Although everyone knew that within a few
minutes he would be beaten down, perhaps killed, I could detect no signs of
wavering or fear. They marched steadily with heads up.'

Source: John Carey (ed), Eyewitness to History, New York: Avon, l987, pp. 501-
504

Based on the excerpt, answer the following questions.

(a) State two reasons for the Dharsana Salt Works Demonstration.

(b) State two ways in which the Dharsana satyagrahis demonstrate the ideals of
satyagraha.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 33

Q.44 Mention three different events where Gandhi organized Satyagraha to fight 3
oppression.

Q.45 The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. And there 2
were rumours that a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on the Ottoman
emperor – the spiritual head of the Islamic world (the Khalifa). To defend the
Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March
1919.
How did this event bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national
movement?

Q.46 A was a foreign brand that provided cheaper clothes in the Indian market versus 3
B which is an Indian company. A suffered losses from 1921 to 1922 in the Indian
market.
State three possible reasons for the same.

Q.47 a) Why did the demand for the removal of salt tax unite all Indians? 2
b) Mention the act of Gandhi that set civil disobedience into action.

Q.48 Name a party in Madras that did not boycott elections during the Non- 3
Cooperation movement. State the reason for the same.

Q.49 Mention two ways in which the notion of swaraj of plantation workers in Assam 2
was different from the notion of swaraj for tribal peasants in Andhra Pradesh.

Q.50 How was Ambedkar's vision of emancipation for the Dalits different from 2
Gandhi's?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 34

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.42 C. Freedom for them was connected to personal instead of collective benefit. 1

Q.43 (a) Award 0.5 mark for each of the following: 3

(1) The demonstration was against the Salt Tax.

(2) The British had a monopoly over the production of salt which Indians
resented.
(b) Award 1 mark to any two of the following or any other relevant point:
(1) They adhered to the idea of satyagraha as a non-violent protest.
(2) They were not frightened of being beaten.
(3) They were patient and did not seek vengeance.
(4) They fought against an unjust law.

Q.44 - In 1916 he travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle 3

against the oppressive plantation system.

- Then in 1917, he organised a satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda

district of Gujarat.

- In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organise a satyagraha

movement amongst cotton mill workers.

Q.45 - A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and 2
Shaukat Ali, began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of
united mass action on the issue.

- At the Calcutta session of the Congress in September 1920, he convinced other

leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat
as well as for swaraj.

Q.46 - Foreign goods were boycotted and burnt due to the non-cooperation 3
movement and demand for Swaraj.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 35

 - Merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign
trade.

- As the boycott movement spread and people began discarding imported

clothes and wearing only Indian ones.

Q.47 a) because it was a common cause that affected everybody 2

b) Gandhi ceremonially violated the law by manufacturing salt by boiling

seawater

Q.48 The Justice Party did not boycott elections because they thought joining the 3
council could help them get some power. They believed that usually, only
Brahmans got to have power, and they wanted non-Brahmans to have a chance
too.

Q.49 2

Plantation Workers in Assam Tribal peasants in Andhra Pradesh

For plantation workers in Assam, In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, as
freedom meant the right to move the British had closed off forests, the
freely in and out of the confined notion of swaraj became a way to regain
space in which they were enclosed, the freedom to enter forests and
and it meant retaining a link with the continue their traditional rights.
village they came from.
It did not take a violent turn. It took a violent turn.

Q.50 - Gandhi called them Harijans or the 'children of god' and was againstthe idea of 2
separate electorates

- Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for the Dalits and focussed on

political representation

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 36

 Chapter: Flora and Fauna in India

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.51 What is the main reason why the colonial practice of 'enrichment plantation' is 1
regarded to have led to the destruction of India's forest cover?

A. Extensive use of fertilisers and pesticides to increase yield led to soil

degradation.
B. Commercially viable plants which were foreign to Indian forests were
planted.
C. Food crops for the subsistence of the farmers replaced large forests.
D. Monoculture led to the loss of habitats and biodiversity.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.51 D. Monoculture led to the loss of habitats and biodiversity. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 37

 Chapter: Categories of Flora and Fauna

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.52 Which of these is an example of people's traditional beliefs guiding them to 1

protect the environment?

A. Parts of forest areas called sacred groves are protected from interference.
B. Many tribals use medicinal herbs found in forests to treat chronic
diseases.
C. The Beej Bachao Andolan succeeded in showing the viability of organic
farming.
D. Fuel-wood collection by rural people is not a valid cause of degradation of
the environment.

Q.53 Which of the following pairs of species is an example of a rare species and an 1
endemic species?

A. Blackbuck and Sangai deer

B. Asiatic cheetah and Indian rhino
C. Asiatic elephant and Gangetic dolphin
D. Himalayan brown bear and Andaman teal

The Gharial is a river crocodile endemic to the Indian sub-continent. According

to experts the drastic decline in the Gharial population can be attributed to a
variety of causes including overhunting for skins and trophies, egg collection for
consumption, killing for indigenous medicines, and killing by fishermen. The wild
population of Gharials suffered a drastic decline of about 58% within a period of
nine years from 1997 to 2006, due to an increase in the intensity of fishing and
the use of gill nets. This occurs alongside the excessive and irreversible loss of
riverine habitat due to developmental projects, sand mining, and agriculture.
Despite a large restocking program for 30 years, resulting in over 5000 young
Gharials being released into India's river system, only about 200 breeding adults
still survive. "No matter how many Gharials are released in the wild, if their
habitat continues to be destroyed, and they continued to be killed, this species
will not be able to survive," explained an expert.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 38

 Source: The Times Of India, 31 January, 2013, 'The gharial's decline in UP.'

Q.54 The Gharials will NOT fall into which of the following categories? 1

A. Extinct species
B. Endemic species
C. Vulnerable species
D. Endangered species

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.52 A. Parts of forest areas called sacred groves are protected from interference. 1

Q.53 D. Himalayan brown bear and Andaman Teal 1

Q.54 A. extinct species 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Gharials are endemic species that are facing a loss of habitat and danger of
extinction, but are still very much present and need to be conserved. Hence,
Option 1 is correct.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 39

 Chapter: Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.55 Which of the following will cause an adverse effect on the forest cover of an 1
area?

A. Jhum cultivation
B. Marking reserved forests
C. Hunting of endemic species
D. Conservation of indigenous seeds

Q.56 Which tiger reserve is located in the state marked in the map given below? 1

A. Manas
B. Corbett
C. Sariska
D. Bandhavgarh

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 40

Q.57 Loss of biodiversity is also considered to have a social impact. Which of these 1
situations BEST illustrates this?

A. Villagers are protecting habitats by rejecting government involvement.

B. Tribal women's health is being impacted due to walking long distances for
forest resources.
C. Chemical fertilisers are used by small farmers to increase the agricultural
yield of forest areas.
D. An increasing number of endemic insectspecies, found exclusivelyintribal
areas are becoming endangered.

The Gharial is a river crocodile endemic to the Indian sub-continent. According

to experts the drastic decline in the Gharial population can be attributed to a
variety of causes including overhunting for skins and trophies, egg collection for
consumption, killing for indigenous medicines, and killing by fishermen. The wild
population of Gharials suffered a drastic decline of about 58% within a period of
nine years from 1997 to 2006, due to an increase in the intensity of fishing and
the use of gill nets. This occurs alongside the excessive and irreversible loss of
riverine habitat due to developmental projects, sand mining, and agriculture.
Despite a large restocking program for 30 years, resulting in over 5000 young
Gharials being released into India's river system, only about 200 breeding adults
still survive. "No matter how many Gharials are released in the wild, if their
habitat continues to be destroyed, and they continued to be killed, this species
will not be able to survive," explained an expert.

Source: The Times Of India, 31 January, 2013, 'The gharial's decline in UP.'

Q.58 Which of the following initiatives will help save the Gharials in the Yamuna river? 1

A. Building a dam on the Yamuna

B. Shifting from gill nets to tangle nets
C. Relocating Gharials from rivers to lakes
D. Relocating agricultural farm from the riverbanks

Q.59 The following are measures proposed by Municipal Corporation to protect the 1
Gharials.

P: Releasing Gharials into the rivers

Q: Cleaning freshwater with industrial equipment

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 41

 R: Stop throwing waste in the river

S: Find alternative spots for fishing than Gharial habitats

Which of these can be taken by citizens to protect the Gharial population?

A. Only P
B. Only R and S
C. Only P, Q, and R
D. All - P, Q, R, and S

Q.60 How does sand mining affect the Gharial population? 1

P: It destroys egg-laying grounds.

Q: It causes floods and the destruction of forests.

R: It causes a change in the river course and displacement of Gharials.

S: It makes way for fertile soil and increases agricultural activities in the area.

A. Only P
B. Only P and Q
C. Only P, Q, and R
D. All - P, Q, R, and S

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.61 What have been the government policies towards forest and wildlife 5
conservation during the pre and post independence period? Write any five points
explaining how the policies under the British were destructive and the
conservation needs were addressed post-independence.

Q.62 Overpopulation in third world countries is often cited as the cause of 3

environmental degradation. Explain how this opinion is misinformed.

Q.63 In what way does the Wildlife Protection Act in its subsequent amendments 1
focus on biodiversity rather than on a few of its components?

Q.64 The Himalayan Yew tree which is used to make a cancer treatment drug is now 1
on the verge of extinction.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 42

 Mention two ways in which the government can protect the tree from going
extinct.

Q.65 Sustainable forest management refers to the practice of using forest resources 3
in a way that balances environmental, social, and economic considerations to
ensure the long-term sustainability of forest ecosystems.

The state of Arunachal Pradesh witnessed a significantdecline in its forest cover,

according to the Forest Survey Report 2021. The District Magistrate of the city of
Itanagar wants to create a policy plan to address this issue while keeping in mind
the principles of sustainable forest management.
Discuss the MOST PROBABLE aspects that could be included in the policy plan?

(Word limit: 60-80 words)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 43

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.55 A. Jhum cultivation 1

Q.56 C. Sariska 1

Q.57 B. Tribal women's health is being impacted due to walking long distances for 1
forest resources.

Q.58 D. Relocating agricultural farm from the riverbanks 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

The greatest problem that Gharials face today is loss of habitat, which endangers
them as a species. Agricultural farmlands that are situated on riverbanks for ease
of irrigation threaten the survival of this species by taking over their natural
habitat . Hence, relocation of farmlands away from riverbanks would allows
Gharial populations to thrive safely - option 4 is hence correct.

Q.59 B. Only R and S 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Prevention of water pollution and conservation of river ecosystems would

provide a safe habitat with non-interference for Gharial populations. Option 2 is
thus correct.

Q.60 C. Only P, Q, and R 1

Q.61 Award 1 mark each for the following or any other relevant point: 5

1) Promotion of a few favoured commercially viable species which led to the

elimination/damage of other species.

2) Expansion of railways, agriculture and mining during both British and post-
colonial times, led to depletion of forests.

3) No conservation strategy in place during the British, wildlife conservation Acts

and projects came up after independence.

4) An all-India list of protected species published in 1972.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 44

 5) Several projects introduced for protecting specific species like tiger, gharials,
rhinoceros.

Q.62 Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant point to explain 3
disagreement:

1) Higher consumption in developed nations.

2) Richest 5 per cent in India cause more ecological damage than the poorest
25%.

3) Rich people and developed nations have minimum responsibility for

environmental well-being.

Q.63 Award 1 mark for the following or the names of any relevant insects or plants: 1

by including insects and plants

Q.64 Any one of the following points to be evaluated for one mark: 1

- conservation of the natural habitat

- ensure prevention of illegal cutting and extraction of resources

- utilisation of resources is monitored and regulated

- any other relevant point

Q.65 -Conservation of forest biodiversity- this could be done by creating more 3

protected areas, regenerating degraded forests, etc.

-Stakeholder involvement- giving local indigenous communities a greater role in

forest management

-Certifying forest produce- sustainable forest produce could be certified which

would then become also a source of sustainable livelihood for the forest
dependant communities

-Organising forest craft fairs and festivals in the city

-any other relevant point

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 45

 (any three points to be assessed)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 46

 Chapter: Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.66 Overpopulation in developing countries is the most pressing reason for the large- 1
scale exploitation of resources. In about 30 words, prove this statement wrong.

Answer Key & Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.66 Award 1 mark for any answer that mentions: 1

inequality of resource consumption between developed and developing nations

Possible complete answer:

An average American consumes 40 times more resources than an average

Somalian. There is inequality in the consumption of resources between
developed and developing countries.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 47

 Chapter: Community and Conservation

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.67 A clear lessonfrom environmental destruction and reconstruction in India is that 3

the local communities should be at the center of decision-making for natural
resource management, with shared responsibility and accountability. To what
extent is the Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme able to achieve this?

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.67 Award 1 mark each for the following or any other relevant point: 3

1) JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake

protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest
department.

2) The members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like

non-timber forest produces and share in the timber harvested by ‘successful
protection’.

3) JFM is not able to achieve the goal of keeping locals at the center of decision
making but is a good example for involving local communities in the management
and restoration of degraded forests, and of shared responsibility and
accountability.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 48

 Chapter: Globalisation in the Pre-modern world

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.68 The map below shows the trade routes that linked India to the world at the end 3
of the 17th century.

(a) Identify the port which handled the largest volume of India's maritime trade.
(b) Why did this port remain the main centre of overseas trade throughout the
seventeenth and eighteenth century?

Read the following passage and answer the five questions that follow:

The Columbian Exchange is defined as the exchange of diseases, ideas, food

crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the
voyage to the America by Christopher Columbus in 1492. The Old World, by
which we mean not just Europe, but the entire Eastern Hemisphere, gainedfrom
the Columbian Exchange in a number of ways.
Discoveries of new supplies of metals are perhaps the best known. But the Old
World also gained new staple crops, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize,
and cassava. The exchange also drastically increased the availability of many Old
World crops, such as sugar and coffee, which were particularly well-suited for
the soils of the New World. European contact and exchange not only brought
gains but also losses to the Native Americans.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 49

 The effects of the Columbian Exchange also had large impacts on Africa and Asia
in terms of trade. Moreover, the cultivation of financially lucrative crops in the
Americas, along with the devastation of native populations from disease,
resulted in a demand for labour.

Source (edited): The Columbian Exchange, Journal of Economic Perspectives,

Vol.24, 2010.

Q.69 (a) How did the Native Americans suffer due to the Columbian Exchange? 1

Q.70 (b) How did the Columbian Exchange contribute to the global inter connections 1
in the pre-modern era?

Q.71 (c) How was the demand for labour to grow lucrative crops in America met? 1

Q.72 (d) How did the Columbian Exchange change the centre of the world trade? 1

Q.73 (e) Give one example of the effect of the Columbian Exchange seen in Europe in 1
the 19th century.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 50

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.68 (a) Surat 3

(b) Award 1 mark each for the following or any other relevant point:

1) Surat was an important port exporting cotton textiles through the western
Indian ocean.

2) Cotton textiles was the major export in seventeenth and eighteenth century
India and was the major earner of revenue for the East India Company.

Q.69 (a) The native population had no immunity against the diseases that came from 1
Europe, killing whole communities of the native population.

Q.70 (b) The Columbian Exchange discovered new supplies of metals and introduced 1
new staple crops to Europe and eventually to Asia and Africa.

Q.71 (c) The demand for labour was met by capturing slaves from Africa. 1

Q.72 (d) The rising importance of the Americas due to the Columbian Exchange moved 1
the centre of trade towards Europe from Asia.

Q.73 (e) Award 1 mark for the following or any other relevant example: 1

Europe's poor started to eat better and live longer due to the introduction of
potato. Many poor peasants died due to starvation when the potato crop was
destroyed in mid 1840s.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 51

 Chapter: Globalisation in the 19th century

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.74 Which of the following is an impact of global agricultural economy that had 1
emerged by 1890?

A. Food was being transported from across the world.

B. Local food production and consumption went hand in hand.

C. The demand for labour in America and Australia fell greatly.
D. Surplus food was being exported to other countries from Britain.

Q.75 How did the invention of refrigerated ships promote better living conditions for 1
the people of Europe?

A. Potatoes became a staple part of diet for many people.

B. Many people could afford expensive items such as meat, eggs and butter.
C. Corn laws were scrapped due to the easier transport of corn to Europe
from America.

D. British bread manufacturers made more profit since wheat could now be
imported easily.

Q.76 Which of the following methods was used by the European employers to force 1
Africans to work for wages?
A. Infected cattle from British Asia were introduced, which causedrinderpest
in the local cattle.
B. Inheritance laws were changed so that some members of families had to
work for wages.

C. Incentives, like gold, were givenfor people who agreed to work for wages.

D. Employers agreed to give part of their profits to workers.

Q.77 There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion(A): Nineteenth-century indenture has been described as a new system
of slavery.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 52

 Reasoning (R): The indentured labourers had few legal rights and their living and
working conditions were harsh.

A. A is true but R is false.

B. A is false but R is true.

C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.

D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

Q.78 Read the extract given below and answer the following question. 1

"In a few days I got my hands bruised all over and I could not go to work for a
week for which I was prosecuted and sent to jail for 14 days ..... new emigrants
find the tasks allotted to them extremely heavy and cannot complete them in a
day."

Who is it MOST LIKELY to be?

A. Bonded labourer
B. Cotton farmer
C. Banker

D. Trader

Q.79 In the early 19th century, the share of cotton textiles in exports from India 1
reduced from 30 percent to 15 percent and the share of raw cotton increased
from 5 percent to 35 percent.
Which of the following explains the above statement?

A. Taxes were imposed on imports of textiles into Britain.

B. The British exported Indian textiles to Britain and other countries at a
good price.

C. Since there were more farmers than weavers in India, raw cotton was
exported more than textiles.
D. The Indiancotton textiles were of poor quality and was not being exported
to international markets.

Q.80 Foxconn, an international electronics manufacturer, wants to set up a factory in 1

Kerala.

Which of the following would reduce the chances of Foxconn setting up a factory
in Kerala?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 53

 A. Tax deductions
B. Liberal trade policies

C. Stringent labour laws

D. Modern infrastructure

Q.81 The Indian government wants to reduce India's dependence on Indonesian palm 1
oil.

What economic measure can it take to do so?

A. Impose tax on export of palm oil.

B. Impose tax on import of palm oil.
C. Announce subsidies on Indonesian products.

D. Block cargo ships carrying Indonesian palm oil.

Q.82 Which of the following has NOT been an impact of the 1991 liberalisation on 1
Indian economy?
A. Foreign direct investment in India by Multinational Corporations
increased.

B. Exporting Indian goods became harder due to lower trade barriers.

C. Indian markets were transformed and flooded with foreign products.
D. Local companies faced tough competition and many of them suffered
financially.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.83 Explain with three examples the role of technology in the expansion of world 3
trade in the 19th century.

Q.84 Explain the contribution of Indian traders and bankers towards the growing 3
world economy in the 19th century.

Q.85 Explain how Britain's trade surplus with India helped the world economy in the 3
19th century.

Q.86 How have Multinational Corporations facilitated globalization? 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 54

Q.87 State one way in which the World Trade Organization (WTO) failed to ensure free 1
trade for all countries.

Q.88 How has technology impacted the rate of globalisation? 1

Q.89 Why do Multinational Corporations often acquire local companies in foreign 1

markets rather than setting up their own operations? Write two points.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 55

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.74 A. Food was being transported from across the world. 1

Q.75 B. Many people could afford meat as price of meat reduced. 1

Q.76 B. Inheritance laws were changed so that some members of families had to work 1
for wages.

Q.77 C. Both A and R are true and R explains A. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Indenture is a form of slavery due to the harsh (physical or otherwise) conditions
that people may be subjected to. Option 3 is thus correct.

Q.78 A. Indian bonded labourer 1

Q.79 A. Taxes were imposed on imports of textiles into Britain. 1

Q.80 C. Stringent labour laws 1

Q.81 B. Impose tax on import of palm oil. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Taxes on import discourage imports and thus can reduce dependence, hence
making option 2 the correct answer.

Q.82 B. Exporting Indian goods became harder due to lower trade barriers. 1
Correct Answer Explanation:

Liberalisation made the export of Indian goods far easier than it had previously
been. Hence, option 2 is correct.

Q.83 Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant example: 3

(1) Faster transportation in the form of railways, lighter wagons and larger ships
helped in transporting food faster.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 56

 (2) Faster communication in the form of telegraph helped in better planning.

(3) Refrigerated ships enabled transportation of perishable goods over large

distance.

Q.84 Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant point: 3

1) Indian traders and bankers financed export agriculture in Central and

Southeast Asia.

2) They developed sophisticated systems to transfer money over large distances.

3) They established flourishing shops at busy ports worldwide selling local and
imported artefacts to tourists.

Q.85 Award 1 mark each to the following: 3

1) The value of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British
imports from India. Thus Britain had a ‘trade surplus’ with India.

2) Britain usedthis surplus to balance its trade deficits with other countries – that
is, with countries from which Britain was importing more than it was selling to.

3) The trade surplus of Britain in India also helped pay the home charges that
included private remittances home by British officials and traders, interest
payments on India’s external debt, and pensions of British officials in India.

Q.86 by spreading production across countries and increasing trade between them 1

Q.87 World Trade Organization (WTO) has failed to ensure removal of trade barriers 1
by developed countries while forcing developing countries to remove trade
barriers.

Q.88 Technology has accelerated the rate of globalisation by improving 1

communication, transport and management of complex trade routes.

Q.89 It gives them direct access to pre-established marketing network. 1

It saves them the time and resources to build their own marketing network from
scratch.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 57

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 58
 Chapter: The Inter-War Economy

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.90 Which of the following explains the effect of the First World War on the life of 1
women?

A. Women were not allowed to work outside more than before due to the
fear of war.
B. Women stepped out to take up jobs that were earlier reserved for men.
C. Women only worked in industries that produced war-related goods.
D. Women directly participated in the war as soldiers.

Q.91 How did the US become an international creditor from an international debtor 1
at the end of the First World War?

A. By providing military support to any country for a huge sum

B. By offering money to european nations for the war expenses
C. By giving huge loans to farmers in eastern european countries
D. By giving financial capital to industrialists set up industries in india and
japan

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.90 B. Women stepped out to take up jobs that were earlier reserved for men. 1

Q.91 B. by offering money to European nations for the war expenses 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 59

 Chapter: The Post-War Era

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.92 Answer the following questions based on the post-war economy in the US. 5
(a) State one important feature of the US economy in 1920s.

(b) State two ways in which the Fordist industrial practices helped in boosting
the US economy.
(c) State two ways in which the Fordist industrial practices negatively affected
the life of a worker.

Q.93 Answer the following questions based on the Great Depression. 5

(a) State one reason that caused the Great Depression.

(b) Who was affected the most by the Great Depression in India? Give one
example to support your answer.
(c) Who was affected the least by Great Depression in India? Give one example
to support your answer.

Q.94 Explain how agricultural trade barriers in America can affect farmers in poor 3
countries like India.

Q.95 Give three reasons why a country would impose trade barriers. 3

Q.96 Tamil Nadu government wants to attract major car manufacturers to set up 5
factories near their capital Chennai. What measures can the Tamil Nadu
government take to do so?

Q.97 Even though Multinational Corporations are making huge profits, many of the 3
workers in their factories are finding it hard to find full time jobs. Explain why.

Q.98 The pace of globalizationhas increasedrapidly in the 20th century. Give reasons 5
why.

Q.99 What can governments of developing countries do to make globalization fair? 5

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 60

Q.100 What are the negative impacts of Multinational Corporations on countries 5
where they set up production?

Q.101 What the three ways in which an Multinational Corporation can enter a foreign 3
market?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 61

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.92 (a) Award 1 mark to the following: 5

Mass production

(b) Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant points:

1) Faster efficiency of producing goods was achieved.

2) Mass production lowered the costs and prices of engineered goods.

(c) Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant points:

1) Working on the assembly lines was very stressful.

2) Workers could not form trade unions since they were banned.

Q.93 (a) Award 1 mark to the following or any other relevant point: 5

Withdrawal of loans from US affected many countries that were dependent on

US for their investments.

(b) Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant point:

1) Peasants and farmers suffered the most.

2) Peasants of Bengal who produced raw jute were dependent on industries that
produced gunny bags. The collapse of the gunny exports lowered the price of
raw jute significantly.

(c) Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant point:

1) Urban landlords suffered the least.

2) All the commodities cost lesser than before and they received their fixed
rents.

Q.94 - Farmers in America receive massive sums of money to produce crops and 3
export to foreign countries.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 62

 - This floods the markets of other countries with cheap American crops.

- Local farmers are unable to compete with lower prices, and thus suffer major
losses and income insecurity.

(to be evaluated as a whole)

Q.95 - to protect and nurture local industries 3

- to reduce dependence upon imports from a particular country

- to reduce dependence upon imports in general

- to promote exports

(evaluate any three points)

Q.96 - Set up Special Economic Zones (SEZ) with adequate infrastructure such as 5
roads, electricity, etc.

- Provide tax concessions on revenue.

- Provide tax concessions on import of required raw material or machinery.

- Make labor laws more appealing to the manufacturers.

- Set up institutes or form partnership with institutes that can train skilled
laborers for car factories.

- Provide access to raw materials and land at cheaper rates.

(Evaluate any five points)

Q.97 - Multinational Corporations look for cheapest suppliers of goods world wide in 3
order to maximise profits. Thus, exporters have to reduce their selling price.

- In order to maintain a high profit margin for themselves, exporters need to

reduce cost price too.

- They cannot reduce costs of raw materials. Therefore, they hire workers on a
temporary basis in order to reduce labor costs.

(To be evaluated as a whole)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 63

Q.98 - Multinational Corporations have realized that distributed production is highly 5
profitable, thus they have been a key contributor to globalization by setting up
factories and offices across the globe.

- Better technology has made international transport faster and cheaper.

- Information technology has enabled management of distributed production.

- Improved communication technology has allowed real time communication

across the globe.

- Organizations like the World Trade Organization and International Monetary

Fund have helped spread liberal policies across the world, thus further helping
the process of globalization through trade.

Q.99 - demand that liberal policies are adopted by rich and poor countries alike 5

- ensure proper implementation of labour laws so that workers are not exploited

- implement policies that help the poor earn their fairshare of profits generated

- provide job security to workers

- implement trade policies to support local organizations and entrepreneurs so

that they can compete against bigger international players

Q.100 - Due to their immense wealth and control of markets, Multinational 5

Corporations can gain strong political and economic influence, and thus force
policies to be drafted in their favour.

- Pre-existing enterprises find it hard to compete against the powerful

Multinational Corporations and suffer losses or close down.

- In some cases production of certain goods may completely stop in a county as

Multinational Corporations might prefer importing cheaper goods from other
countries.

- Many workers are exploited, and have to work for long hours for less pay.

- Many workers work as part time or temporary employees, thus they don't get
benefits and security of full time employment.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 64

 - Multinational Corporations can monopolize the market and destroy
competition.

(evaluate any 5 points)

Q.101 - setup production and marketing network from scratch 3

- acquire a local company and expand production

- set up partnerships with local companies

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 65

 Chapter: Money as medium of exchange

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.102 Why is currency accepted as a medium of exchange? 1

A. It is made of precious metals which have intrinsic value.

B. It is authorised by the government of a country.
C. It is made of things we use in everyday life.
D. It is authorised by the citizens of a country.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.103 Answer the following questions on double coincidence of wants. 3

(a) What does double coincidence of wants mean?

(b) Give an example of double coincidence of wants.
(c) State one disadvantage of double coincidence of wants.

Q.104 Kumar wants to make a payment to his landlord. He has money in his bank 1
account but no physical cash. Mention one way in which he can still make the
payment.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 66

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.102 B. It is authorised by the government of a country. 1

Q.103 (a) A system where both parties have to agree to buy and sell each others' 3
commodities

(b) Award 1 mark to any relevant example:

A weaver wants to buy an earthen pot and a potter wants to buy a saree.

(c) It is not easy to find somebody who is selling exactlywant what you want and
wants what you are selling.

Q.104 Award 1 mark for any of the following: 1

- cheque

- demand draft

- internet banking

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 67

 Chapter: Modern forms of money

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.105 Ibrahim gives a cheque of Rs. 10,000 to Sahil. What type of medium of exchange 1
did he use?

A. Paper note
B. Metallic coins
C. Barter system
D. Demand deposit

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.106 How has currency changed from the early ages to the present day? 1

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.105 D. Demand deposit 1

Q.106 - moved from precious materials like gold and silver to cheap materials like steel 1
and paper

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 68

 Chapter: Loan activities of bank

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.107 Shyama needs a loan to start farming this season. She has no collateral and 1
already has a debt.

Who among the following is she MOST LIKELY to get a loan from?

A. Moneylenders
B. Commercial banks
C. Cooperative societies
D. Rural development bank

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.108 When Charu learnt that banks provide loans, she wondered how banks make 3
money. Explain in three points where banks get their income from.

Q.109 Lalita took a loan of Rs. 2 lakhs at 7% per annum against her small baking 3
business. She can repay the loan in 2 years by paying monthly instalments of a
fixed amount.

In the above situation, mention the various terms of credit.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 69

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.107 A. Moneylenders 1

Q.108 Award 1 mark for each of the following three points: 3

- low interest is provided on deposits made by people

- high interest is charged on loans

- the difference in interest is the bank's income

Q.109 Award 1 mark for each of the following points: 3

1) Interest rate - 7%

2) Collateral - baking business

3) Mode of repayment - payment in monthly instalments of a fixed amount over

two years.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 70

 Chapter: Two different credit situations

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Observe the graph given below and answer the questions based on it.

Q.110 Which of the following sources of credit will MOST LIKELY lead to a debt trap? 1

A. Cooperative societies
B. Relatives and friends
C. Landlords
D. Banks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.111 Maruthi is a poor weaver who lives in a small hut in a village. He needs money 5
to buy cotton and repair his tools so that he can start making clothes that he can
then sell in the local market.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 71

 Tanu is a software engineer in a big company in Bengaluru who lives in her own
house. She needs money to buy a new car because she does not like the car she
currently has.

(a) Who is more in need of credit among them and why?

(b) Which source of credit will each of them MOST LIKELY receive? Explain your
answer.

(c) Who is more likely to pay a higher interest rate?

(d) Who is more likely to fall into a debt trap? Explain

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.110 C. Landlords 1

Q.111 (a) Award 1 mark to the following: 5

Maruthi, because his livelihood depends on the credit that he needs

(b) Award 1 mark each to the following:

Maruthi - informal source because he does not have a collateral

Tanu - formal source because she has collateral

(c) Maruthi

(d) Maruthi is more likely to fall into a debt trap because he will receive the
credit from informal source of credit which will have a higher rate of interest
and in order to repay that, he will have to take more loans.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 72

 Chapter: Terms of Credit

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.112 Which of the following situations DEFINITELY involves some form of credit? 1

A. Amala sends her son Rs.500 to pay his school fees.

B. Irfan gives Rs.1000 to a shopkeeper for buying a pair of shoes.
C. Paul gives Rohan Rs.100 today and asks him to pay him back in the next
few days.
D. Susan gives Rs.300 to an organisation which helps people who do not
have money for food.

Q.113 Which of the following situations is a correct example for double coincidence of 1
wants?

A. David has a horse and he wants a cow. Riya has a cow and wants to buy
a horse.
B. Arhaan has two cows and wants a horse. Afreen has a cow and wants a
horse.
C. Suresh has a bull and he wants a cow. Ahmed has a cow and wants a
horse.
D. Aleena has a horse and a bull. Manjunath has a cow and wants a bull.

Q.114 Ramesh got a home loan from a bank with easy terms of credit. 1

This means he MOST LIKELY got the loan with .

A. Less collateral
B. High interest rate
C. Tough repayment plan
D. Rigorous documentation

Observe the graph given below and answer the questions based on it.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 73

Q.115 Lakshmi drew the following graph showing an ideal distribution of sources of 1
credit where everyone could have a fairer access to credit.

Identify A and B.

A. A - money lenders, B - cooperative societies

B. A - cooperative societies, B - money lenders
C. A - money lenders, B - friends and relatives
D. A - cooperative societies, B -banks

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 74

 Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.116 Which component of the terms of credit protects the bank while giving out a 1
loan?

Q.117 Read the following excerpts of two instances where credit is required. 5
"Rama has to depend on her employer, a medium landowner in Sonpur, for
credit. The landowner charges an interest rate of 5 per cent per month. Rama
repays the money by working for the landowner. Most of the time, Rama has to
take a fresh loan, before the previous loan has been repaid."

"Arun has seven acres of land. He is one of the few persons in Sonpur to receive
a bank loan for cultivation. The interest rate on the loan is 8.5 per cent per
annum and can be repaid anytime in the next three years. Arun plans to repay
the loan after harvest by selling a part of the crop. He then intends to store the
rest of the potatoes in cold storage and apply for a fresh loan from the bank
against the cold storage receipt."

Who will benefit the most from a cooperative? Explain how by describing the
working of a cooperative in four points.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 75

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.112 C. Paul gives Rohan Rs.100 today and asks him to pay him back in the next few 1
days.

Correct Answer Explanation:

Credit involves lending money with the intention of being paid back at a later
time, which option 3 showcases best.

Q.113 A. David has a horse and he wants a cow. Riya has a cow and wants to buy a 1
horse.

Q.114 A. Less collateral 1

Q.115 D. A - cooperative societies, B -banks 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Formal sources of credit like cooperative societies and banks are ideal sources
of credit that should constitute majority of the credit sources - hence, option 4
is correct.

Q.116 Collateral 1

Q.117 Rama 5

Award 1 mark each for the following or any other relevant answer:

- A cooperative is formed by a group of people who pool resources.

- They use the combined resources as collateral to gain credit facilities.

- Right now, Rama's debt will keep on increasing because she is not able to pay
it off.

- In a cooperative, she will have to contribute much less money for credit at an
affordable interest rates.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 76

 Chapter: Formal sector credit in India

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.118 There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): Richer households have more access to formal sources of credit
than poorer households.

Reason (R): Poorer households do not need credit from formal sources.

A. A is true but R is false.

B. A is false but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

Observe the graph given below and answer the questions based on it.

Q.119 Based on the image, which of the following statements is TRUE? 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 77

 A. About three-fourth of the credit in a rural household comes from the
informal credit sources.
B. The single largest source of credit in the rural households is a formal
credit source.
C. The single largest source of credit in the rural households is supervised
by the RBI.
D. About half the credit in rural households comes from formal credit
sources.

Q.120 Who among the following is supervised by the RBI regarding the credit 1
activities?

A. Landlords
B. Money lenders
C. Relatives and friends
D. Cooperative societies

Q.121 Based on the graph, what percentage of loans will definitely require a collateral 1
in Indian rural households?

A. About 50 percent
B. About 33 percent
C. About 8 percent
D. About 5 percent

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.122 Yellamma, a weaver in Gadchiroli in Maharashtra is a member of a weavers' 5

cooperative. She deposits a certain amount of money every month. The
cooperative uses this pooled money as collateral and gets a huge loan from the
bank. This loan is then distributed among the members of the cooperative. She
has received a loan twice for her needs like buying raw materials and tools. Her
fellowweavers have taken loans to build mud houses and workshops as well. She
has re-paid both her loans. Manjunath, her nephew is also a weaver but does not
want to join the cooperative. He has already taken two loans from the local
moneylender at a high-interest rate.
(a) What types of needs are met by the loans?
(b) How did Yellamma get a loan from the cooperative?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 78

 (c) Who is more likely to get credit from a formal source, Manjunath or
Yellamma?

(d) Who can get a loan through the cooperative?

(e) Mention any one other occupation that generally forms cooperatives.

Q.123 (a) What are terms of credit? 3

(b) What does 'collateral' mean?

(c) Give one example of collateral.

Q.124 The following graph shows the various sources of credit in India in 2012. 1

Roughly what per cent of credit facilities is provided by informal methods?

Q.125 Consider this scenario. 3

Ganesh wants to borrow Rs 1 lakh, he has collateral but does not require the
money urgently.

Which source - a local moneylender or a national bank - will help him the most?
State two reasons.

Q.126 This graph led Sumi to understand that there is a huge inequality between the 3
poor and the rich in terms of access to credit facilities. State three points to
justify this statement.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 79

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 80
 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.118 A. A is true but R is false. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

There is a need for formal sources of credit to be accessible to a larger
population. Hence, option 1 is correct.

Q.119 D. About half the credit in rural households comes from formal credit sources. 1

Q.120 D. Cooperative societies 1

Q.121 A. About 50 percent 1

Q.122 (a) for personal and professional needs 5

(b) Award 1 mark to any relevant explanation:

Yellamma being a member of the cooperative deposits a certain amount every

month. This collected money is used as collateral to get loan from the bank
which is then distributed to the members.

(c) Yellamma

(d) Only the members of the cooperative, who are weavers, can get a loan
through the cooperative.

(e) Award 1 mark to any relevant example:

farmers, workers

Q.123 (a) Terms of credit comprises of interest rate, collateral, mode of repayment 3
and documentation requirement.

(b) Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns and uses as a guarantee to the
lender until the loan is repaid.

(c) Award 1 mark to any relevant example:

land/building/vehicle/livestock

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 81

Q.124 44% 1

Q.125 loan from the bank 3

Award 1 mark for two of the following two points or any other relevant point:

1) With moneylenders, there is no central body that oversees the transactions

and hence it bears a higher risk of exploitation.

2) Interest rates are much higher in informal credit facilities like with
moneylenders

3) Often, the amount of repayment with informal credit facilities is much higher
than the income obtained, leading to debt traps.

Q.126 Award 1 mark each for the following three points or any other relevant point: 3

1) Poor households mostly depend on informal credit while the rich use informal
credit services very sparingly.

2) As the economic condition increases, so does the access to the formal sector.

3) There is high inequality in the access to formal credit facilities between the
rich and the poor.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 82

 Chapter: SHG in India

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.127 Which of the following statements about Self-Help Groups(SHGs) in India is 1

TRUE?

A. Only women can be the members of SHGs.

B. SHGs can be a platform to discuss social issues of the village.
C. Government has made SHGs compulsory in all the villages of India.
D. Each SHG consists of members who belong to different villages of a
district.

Q.128 Suguna is a member of a Self-Help Group (SHG) in her village. 1

Which of the following actions can she take as a member of the group?

A. She can take a personal loan from a bank as a member of the group.
B. She alone can decide to whom her contribution to the group goes.
C. She can take a small loan from the group to meet her expenses.
D. She can make money by lending to the SHG at a high interest.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.129 Explain how self-help groups help rural poor overcome the issue of having no 5
collateral to avail formal sector credit.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 83

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.127 B. SHGs can be a platform to discuss social issues of the village. 1

Q.128 C. She can take a small loan from the group to meet her expenses. 1
Correct Answer Explanation:

As a member of a Self-Help Group (SHG), one can take utilize the group as a
source of credit. Hence, option 3 is correct.

Q.129 Award 1 mark each to the following five points or any other relevant point: 5

1) Self-helpgroups are formed by groups of people who come together and pool
their savings to form a reserve of money.

2) Loans are granted from this reserve, with a low-interest rate.

3) If the members are regular in their repayments, they can avail a loan from a
bank.

4) If one member defaults on a loan payment, the other members follow up and
take responsibility.

5) For banks, having numerous people accountable replaces the need for
collateral.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 84

 Chapter: Differences and similarities

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.130 Which of these is an example of a social division? 1

A. Ali and Amar celebrate different festivals because they belong to

different religions.
B. Elizabeth is an Indian and Edward is an African-American.
C. Manu and Sunil speak different languages at home.
D. Pooja lives in a slum area because of her caste.

Q.131 When the constitution of India was created in 1950, it was decided that active 1
steps would be recognized and address various social divisions.

In which of these constitutional provisions can we see this being enacted?

A. Right to seek redressal in court

B. Right to protection against discrimination
C. Right to be represented in elected positions
D. Right to be tried under the indian penal code

Q.132 In which of these countries did the politics of social divisions cause the complete 1
disintegration of the country?

A. Northern Ireland
B. Yugoslavia
C. Sri Lanka
D. Belgium

Q.133 "Democracy is not the law of the majority but the protection of the minority" - 1
Albert Camus

What does the above quote indicate about the role of the government in a
democracy?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 85

 A. Governments should remove the social divisions of majority and minority
and aim to achieve equality.
B. Governments should take the advice of only the minorities while framing
laws for the country.
C. Governments should take prompt action to safeguardand accommodate
minority interests.
D. Government should take steps to remove the influence of social divisions
on politics.

The region of Northern Ireland is predominantly Christian but divided between

Catholics and Protestants. Here, class and religion overlap with each other. If
you are Catholic, you are alsomore likely to be poor, and you may have suffered
a history of discrimination.
This (Northern Ireland) region of the United Kingdom (UK) has been for many
years the site of a violent and bitter ethnopolitical conflict. Its population is
divided into two major sects of Christianity: 53 percent are Protestants, while 44
percent are Roman Catholics. The Catholics were represented by Nationalist
parties who demanded that Northern Ireland be unified with the Republic of
Ireland, a predominantly Catholic country. The Protestants were represented by
Unionists who wanted to remain with the UK, which is predominantly
Protestant. Hundreds of civilians, militants and security forces were killed in the
fight between Unionists and Nationalists and between the security forces of the
UK and the Nationalists.

Q.134 Which of the following statements about social divisions is TRUE? 1

A. Social divisions became political divisions.

B. The UK's aim was to abolish social divisions.
C. The armed struggle was caused by cross-cutting social divisions.
D. Northern Ireland has only one social division, which is based on religion.

Q.135 In which of these ways could the government have intervened that may have 1
resulted in a peaceful settlement?

A. Establishing power-sharing between different wings of the government

B. Establishing power-sharing between the two communities
C. By imprisoning the leaders of the movement
D. Offering protection to protestants

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 86

Q.136 How was the conflict resolved by the UK government? 1

A. They reached a peace treaty with the Nationalists.

B. They withdrew the military and letthe two sects end the war themselves.
C. They agreed to the fragmentation of the country based on religious sects.
D. They declared themselves as a secular state and made conflict over
religion illegal.

Q.137 The conflict in the above excerpt eventually led to a peaceful settlement. In 1
which of these countries did such a conflict lead to a violent end?

A. Netherlands
B. Yugoslavia
C. Sri Lanka
D. India

Q.138 When Raunak's teacher asked him a question, he replied, "Religion and 1
economic status."

What could have been the teacher's question?

A. What were the two groups fighting about?

B. What are the two overlapping social differences?
C. What were the similarities between the two groups?
D. What are the social groups in this example that are formed by choice?

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.139 State one difference between overlapping and cross-cutting social differences 3
along with an example of each.

Q.140 Social groups are created only by choice. 1

State whether you agree or disagree with this statement with an explanation.

Q.141 There are three primary factors that determine the outcome of the politics of 3
social divisions. Explain the three factors with regard to Belgium.

Q.142 In the photograph given below, US athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos are 5
seen to stand in protest in the Mexico Olympics in 1968.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 87

 Explain this symbol of protest and how the world reacted to it in five points.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 88

 Answer Key & Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.130 D. Pooja lives in a slum area because of her caste. 1

Q.131 C. Right to be represented in elected positions 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Electoral representation has reservations for backward groups and this is a step
taken to safeguard their interests. Hence, option 3 is correct.

Q.132 B. Yugoslavia 1

Q.133 C. Governments should take prompt action to safeguard and accommodate 1

minority interests.

Q.134 A. Social divisions became political divisions. 1

Q.135 B. Establishing power-sharing between the two communities 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Power-sharing is an essential part of democracy that respects and recognizes all

social groups, while also giving them equitable rights and a responsibility in the
functioning of government. Hence, option 2 is the most likely to have initiated a
peaceful settlement.

Q.136 A. They reached a peace treaty with the Nationalists. 1

Q.137 B. Yugoslavia 1

Q.138 B. What are the two overlapping social differences? 1

Q.139 Overlapping Social Differences: 3

Overlapping social differences occur when a single group faces multiple

disadvantages. An example could be a situation where people from
economically weaker sections also experience limited access to education. This
creates an overlap of social and economic challenges.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 89

 Cross-cutting Social Differences:

Cross-cutting social differences happen when people from various social

backgrounds may find common ground on different aspects. For example,
individuals from different religious communities might come together for a
shared cause, like supporting a local environmental initiative, illustrating unity
beyond religious lines.

Q.140 Award 1 mark for the following answer: 1

Disagree. Social groups like caste, religion, class, gender, ethnicity, race are
created based on birth and not on choice.

Q.141 Award 1 mark each for the following points or any other relevant point: 3

1) How people perceive themselves - Dutch and German-speaking people

identified as Belgian and had a sense of national unity

2) Demands made by politicians - Politicians from both groups fought for

representation in the government and not for a separate government altogether

3) Response of government - the government made constitutional

accommodations for fair representation in state and central governments

Q.142 Award 1 mark each for five of the following points or any other relevant point: 5

1) drawing international attention to racial discrimination

2) Support Black Power, a movement for racial pride

3) black socks and no shoes to show black poverty and discrimination

4) medals were taken back and received a lot of criticism

5) silver medalist also reprimanded

6) brought attention to the Civil Rights Movement in the US

7) statue erected in San Jose to commemorate this action

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 90

 Chapter: Quantitative water scarcity

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.143 Which of the following would be an example of unequal access to water? 1

A. There is no supply of municipal water to some colonies of the city.

B. The municipal water supply was stopped for three days due to strike.
C. The cityhad irregular supply of municipal water due to less rains this year.
D. The cost for the municipal water was decreased this year as compared to
last year.

Q.144 There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): Water resources are scarce in urban areas.

Reason (R): Over-exploitation of fragile water resources has caused their

depletion.

A. A is true but R is false.

B. A is false but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.145 An area or a region may have ample water resources but is still facing water 1
scarcity. What could be the reason for this?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 91

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.143 A. There is no supply of municipal water to some colonies of the city. 1

Q.144 C. Both A and R are true and R explains A. 1

Q.145 Award 1 mark to the following: 1

Water scarcitymay be anoutcome of a large population and consequent greater

demand and unequal access to water.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 92

 Chapter: River projects and integrated water resource management

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.146 (a) 'Dams are an invention of the modern society'. State if the statement is true 3
or false. Support your answer.

(b) Name one modern day multi-purpose river project and two ways in which it
has helped the society.

Q.147 Observe the map and answer the questions given below. 5

(a) Identify the dam marked as A on the map.

(b) Identify the dam marked as B on the map.

(c) Identify the dam marked as C on the map.

(d) Identify the river marked as P on the map.

(e) Identify the river marked as Q on the map.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 93

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.146 False because there are evidences of dams found in ancient India as well. 3

(b) Award 1 mark for the name and 0.5 marks each to the benefits for this or any
other relevant example:

Name: Hirakud project in the Mahanadi Basin.

Benefits:

1) Conservation of water

2) Flood control.

Q.147 Award 1 mark each for the following: 5

(a) Hirakud

(b) Koyna

(c) Mettur

(d) Narmada

(e) Satluj/ Beas

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 94

 Chapter: Advantages of dams

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.148 Which of the following BEST explains the proclamation that dams are the 1
'modern temples' of India?

A. Dams will act as a spiritual place for the local communities to settle down.
B. Dams will be the site of religious significance where the rivers are prayed
to.
C. Dams will integrate the development of agricultural economy with the
urban economy.
D. Dams will act as a place of integration of the local aquatic fauna and
vegetation with a flourishing biodiversity .

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.148 C. Dams will integrate the development of agricultural economy with the urban 1
economy.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 95

 Chapter: Critique of dams

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.149 In recent years, large dams have come under a great scrutiny for various 1
reasons.

Which of the following is a reason for this scrutiny?

A. Dams have changed the cropping pattern which has in turn increased the
gap between the rich and the poor.
B. Dams act as a recreational spot as well as help in breeding of local
varieties of fishes.
C. Dams can not only give water for irrigation but also help in power
generation.
D. Dams help in conservation of water along with flood control.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.150 'In recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great 5
scrutiny and opposition for a variety of reasons.' Explain this statement with
examples.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 96

 Answer Key & Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.149 A. Dams have changed the cropping pattern which has in turn increased the gap 1
between the rich and the poor.

Q.150 Award 5 marks for any five of the following points or any other relevant points: 5

1) Damming affects the natural flow leading to poorer sediment flow and
excessive sedimentation.

2) Fragmentation of rivers due to damming makes it difficult for migration of

aquatic fauna.

3) The reservoirs that are created on the existing floodplains submerge and
cause decomposition of existing vegetation.

4) Multi-purpose projects have led to the large-scale displacement of local

communities.

Example- Tehri Dam Andolan

5) Inter-state water disputes regarding the costs and benefits of these projects,
are increasing.

Example- Krishna-Godavari dispute between Andhra and Karnataka

governments.

6) Conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same
water resource are increasing.

Example- Agitation by farmers in Sabarmati basin, Gujarat.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 97

 Chapter: Different types of River waterharvesting

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.151 Rainwater harvesting is used only in dry and arid regions. 1

State if the statement is true or false. Support your answer.

Q.152 (a) Mention two advantages of rainwater harvesting. 3

(b) State two different ways in which rainwater harvesting is practiced in India.

Q.153 Shown below is an image of a stepwell. Stepwells are dug out ponds that were 1
constructed by kings and are generally found in western India.

(a) State one unique advantage of a stepwell.

(b) State one way in which stepwells are different from a rooftop rainwater
harvesting system.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 98

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.151 (a) False 1

(b) It is used across India in different regions of varied rainfall like Cherapunjee
and a village near Mysuru.

Q.152 (a) Award 0.5 mark each to the following or any other relevant advantage: 3

1) Provides water for drinking

2) Provides irrigation water for inundation channels

(b) Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant example:

1) People build diversion channels like kuls or guls of Western Himalayas.

2) People build tankas, underground tanks in Rajasthan.

Q.153 (a) The water in the stepwells can be accessed easily by descending down the 1
steps.

(b) Stepwells are communal in nature where anyone can use the water.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 99

 Chapter: Types of federalism

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.154 USA, Spain, Switzerland, Australia 1

When Santosh was asked to pick the odd one out of the above four countries,
he picked Spain, which is the correct answer.

What could be the reason for this?

A. It is a "holding together" federation.

B. It is the only country that has a federal government.
C. It is the only country that does not account for regional diversity.
D. All the states in Spain have equal power and can rule above the central
government.

This is a cartoon titled, "States plead more powers". Answer the following
questions with respect to this cartoon.

Q.155 When Sunil looked at this cartoon, he said that this could not happen in the USA. 1
Why did he say this?

A. There are more individual states in the USA than in India.

B. The central government holds absolute authority over the entire country.
C. The individual states in the USA can make their own laws, unlike in India.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 100

 D. The central government in the USA does not hold more power than the
individual states.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.154 A. It is a "holding together" federation. 1

Q.155 D. The central government in the USA does not hold more power than the 1
individual states.
Correct Answer Explanation:

Even though the USA is a federation, all states have equal power and are not
governed by the central government. Hence, option 4 is the correct reason for
this difference in Indian and American politics.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 101

 Chapter: Constitutional Features of Indian federalism

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.156 The Indian Constitution protects the marginalised in the country in several 1
different ways. How is this practiced through federalism?

A. States with religious minorities have different criminal laws.

B. Some states with indigenous populations have special powers.
C. States with a majority tribal populations have guaranteed urban living
spaces for tribals.
D. States with a majority of people belonging to backward castes come
directly under the central government.

Q.157 Which of the following situations about federalism in India could be TRUE? 1

A. Agriculture is moved from the State to the Union list by the Parliament.
B. All states and union territories are granted equal jurisdiction over all
matters.
C. Small states with a high population of minorities were merged to form
larger states.
D. A dispute between a state government and the centre is settled by the
Supreme Court.

Source: [Link]

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 102

 This is a cartoon titled, "States plead more powers". Answer the following
questions with respect to this cartoon.

Q.158 Which of the following features of federalism is being violated in the cartoon? 1

A. The jurisdiction of the states

B. The union granting equal powers to all states
C. Power of the states to hold the union accountable for its decisions
D. A unified authority with administrative powers vested with the states

Q.159 The food being served to the states can be interpreted as which of the following? 1

P) monetary support

Q) decision-making power

R) defining state borders

A. Only P and R
B. Only Q and R
C. Only P and Q
D. All - P, Q and R

Q.160 Suppose in the cartoon, a third party was to step in and directly intervene to 1
resolve the conflict, what body of the government would that be?

A. The media
B. The judiciary
C. The executive
D. The legislature

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 103

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.156 B. Some states with indigenous populations have special powers. 1

Q.157 D. A dispute between a state government and the centre is settled by the 1
Supreme Court.

Correct Answer Explanation:

The Supreme Court is the ultimate dispute-settler between one or more states
as well as between the Centre and the states, hence making option 4 correct.

Q.158 A. The jurisdiction of the states 1

Q.159 C. Only P and Q 1

Q.160 B. The judiciary 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 104

 Chapter: Evolution of federalismin India

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

This is a cartoon titled, "States plead more powers". Answer the following
questions with respect to this cartoon.

Q.161 Some states are pictured as people begging for food. Who is providing the food? 1

A. The Supreme Court

B. The Central government
C. International organizations
D. The local governments of the state

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.162 State in three points, how the period after 1990 strengthened the way 3
federalism was practised in India with reference to political parties.

Q.163 "It is the formation of linguistic states that has allowed India to escape what 1
might have been a worse fate still. If the sentiments of the native speakers of
Telugu, Marathi, et. al. had been disregarded, what we might have here was:
'One language: 14 or 15 nations'."

Explain in one point what Ramachandra Guha's quote implies with reference to
the type of federalism that exists in India.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 105

Q.164 In post-independent India, which language was proposed to replace English? 3
Write two points to illustrate how retaining English as an official language in
India, helped upkeep the spirit of federalism.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.161 B. The Central government 1

Q.162 Award 1 mark for each of the following points: 3

1) Until 1990, the same parties usually ruled in Centre and State which led to
states having less autonomy.

2) After 1990, the number of regional parties increased and states were able to
reclaim some power.

3) Coalition governments became more prevalent that invited collaboration and

participation

Q.163 Award 1 mark for any of the following points or any other relevant point: 1

1) Federalism means respecting language diversity.

2) If we forced the country to have one language (Hindi), it would cease to be

one nation.

Q.164 Hindi 3

Award 1 mark for each of the following points:

1) Only 40% of the country had Hindi speakers

2) English was accessible to the majority and respected linguistic diversity

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 106

 Chapter: Key features - central state and local govt, powers of the same

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.165 Which of the following represents the government structure in Belgium and in 1
Sri Lanka?

A Regional governments have some powers but they

can be revoked by the Central government.
B The country is governed by a central body.
C Regional governments have powers that are
independent of the central government.

A. Belgium - c
B. sri lanka - b
C. Belgium - a
D. sri lanka - c
E. Belgium - a
F. sri lanka - b
G. Belgium - b
H. sri lanka - c

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.166 State five advantages of decentralisation in India. 5

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 107

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.165 A. Belgium - C 1
Sri Lanka - B

Q.166 Award 1 mark for any five of the following points or any other relevant point: 5

1) issues best settled at the local level

2) local knowledge being better for understanding problems

3) efficient management and allocation of funds

4) participation in decision-making

5) internal diversity within states accounted for

6) participation of women and minorities in democracy

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 108

 Chapter: Case Study of Nepal

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.167 Which of the following explains the aim of the popular struggle of Nepal in 2006? 1

A. To demand for the punishment of the king who overthrew the

democratic government
B. To re-establish popular control over the government from the king
C. To protest for the ban of the maoist insurgents
D. To regain the trust of the people in monarchy

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.167 B. To re-establish popular control over the government from the king 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 109

 Chapter: Case study of Bolivian water war

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.168 The organisation which led protests in Bolivia against increased water prices 1
could be considered as a public interest group.

Which of the following statements supports the assertion above?

A. The protests were led by an organisation that defended the general

interests of the people.
B. Mass participation of the people in the protests was spontaneous in
nature.
C. The political party which supported the organisation came to power.
D. The organisation was fighting against the government.

In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka

Pulpwood Limited. About 30,000 hectares of land was given virtually free to this
company for 40 years. Much of this land was used by local farmers as grazing
land for their cattle. However the company began to plant eucalyptus trees on
this land, which could be used for making paper pulp. In 1987, a movement
called Kittiko-Hachchiko (meaning, pluck and plant) started a non-violent
protest, where people plucked the eucalyptus plants and planted saplings of
trees that were useful to the people.

The Green Belt Movement has planted 30 million trees across Kenya. Its leader
Wangari Maathai is very disappointed with the response of government officials
and politicians: “In the 1970s and 1980s, as I was encouraging farmers to plant
trees on their land, I also discovered that corrupt government agents were
responsible for much of the deforestation by illegally selling off land and trees
to well-connected developers. Supporters of the ruling party got the land, while
those in the pro-democracy movement were displaced. This was one of the
government’s ways of retaining power; if communities were kept busy fighting
over land, they would have less opportunity to demand democracy.”

Q.169 Which of the following groups are playing a role similar to that of the Kittiko- 1
Hachchiko movement?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 110

 A. a group of local people fighting against deforestation to build roads
B. a students union fighting against increase of fee by the college
management
C. an NGO that provides shelter to women who are the victims of domestic
violence
D. an organisation researching and advising the government on
environmental issues

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.170 Explain the similarities and differences between the movement for democracy 5
in Nepal and the Bolivian water war.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 111

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.168 A. The protests were led by an organisation that defended the general interests 1
of the people.

Q.169 A. A group of local people fighting against deforestation to build roads 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

The main feature of the Kittiko- Hachchiko movement is the group of local
people fighting againstthe government. A group of local people who are fighting
against deforestation is thus similar to the Kittiko-Hachchiko movement,
rendering option 1 the correct answer.

Q.170 Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant point: 5

Similarities:

1) Both these conflicts led to popular struggles which involved mass

mobilisations.

2) Both instances involved the critical role of political organisations.

Differences:

1) The popular struggle in Nepal was led by political parties while the one in
Bolivia was led by FEDECOR which was not a political party.

2) The struggle in Nepal was about the foundation of the country's politics while
the one in Bolivia was about one specific policy.

3) Movement in Nepal took place under a monarchy while the Bolivian struggle
was against a democratic government.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 112

 Chapter: Mobilisations and organisation

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.171 'The role of popular struggles does not come to an end with the establishment 1
of democracy.'

Which of the following explains this statement?

A. Popular struggles do not necessarily lead to establishment of democracy.

B. Popular struggles play an important part in the working of democracy.
C. Popular struggles can be ended only in an established democracy.
D. Popular struggles can only start in a democracy.

In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka

Pulpwood Limited. About 30,000 hectares of land was given virtually free to this
company for 40 years. Much of this land was used by local farmers as grazing
land for their cattle. However the company began to plant eucalyptus trees on
this land, which could be used for making paper pulp. In 1987, a movement
called Kittiko-Hachchiko (meaning, pluck and plant) started a non-violent
protest, where people plucked the eucalyptus plants and planted saplings of
trees that were useful to the people.

The Green Belt Movement has planted 30 million trees across Kenya. Its leader
Wangari Maathai is very disappointed with the response of government officials
and politicians: “In the 1970s and 1980s, as I was encouraging farmers to plant
trees on their land, I also discovered that corrupt government agents were
responsible for much of the deforestation by illegally selling off land and trees
to well-connected developers. Supporters of the ruling party got the land, while
those in the pro-democracy movement were displaced. This was one of the
government’s ways of retaining power; if communities were kept busy fighting
over land, they would have less opportunity to demand democracy.”

Q.172 If Kenya was a democracy, how might the Green Belt movement have acted to 1
ensure that land should be used for planting trees?

A. It might have contested elections.

B. It might have organised protests against the cutting down of trees.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 113

 C. It might have received money from the government for planting trees.
D. It might have influenced land policy by giving donations to the ruling
party.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.173 State two differences between pressure groups and movements. Give an 3
example for each for pressure group and movement.

Q.174 Explain three ways in which popular struggles interact with democracy. 3

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 114

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.171 B. Popular struggles play an important part in the working of democracy. 1

Q.172 B. It might have organised protests against the cutting down of trees. 1

Q.173 Award 1 mark to each of the following: 3

1) Pressure groups are organisations with clear roles whereas movements have
a loose organisation.

2) Most of the interest groups work on a wide variety of topics while most
movements are issue-specific.

3) Interest group- Trade Unions

Movement- Anti- liquor Movement

Q.174 Award 1 mark each to the following: 3

1) Democracy evolves through popular struggles. These struggles help in taking

significantdecisions when the country is going through transition to democracy,
expansion or deepening of democracy.

2) Deep democratic disputes are settled through mass mobilisations.

3) The popular struggles and mobilisations are the basis for new political
organisations.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 115

 Chapter: Pressure groups and movements

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.175 There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): Pressure groups and political parties operate in a similar manner.

Reason (R): Both pressure groups and political parties attempt to influence
government policies.

A. A is true but R is false.

B. A is false but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.175 B. A is false but R is true. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 116

 Chapter: Sectional and public interest groups

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.176 Which of the following is an example of an interest group? 1

A. A group of people working for rights of children

B. A political party working for the well-being of labourers
C. A group of people campaigning for a candidate in elections
D. A movement whose objective is to stop the construction of a dam

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.177 'In June 2004, about 15,000 landless farmers from West Java, travelled to 1
Jakarta, the capital city. They came with their families to demand land reform,
to insist on the return of their farms.'
Explain how this is an example for sectional interest group?

Q.178 Explain the difference between the sectional and public interest groups and 5
their impact on the society. Give examples of each.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 117

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.176 A. A group of people working for rights of children 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

An interest group is a group of people who work towards a common objective
without directly taking part in politics. Hence, option 1 best describes an interest
group.

Q.177 Award 1 mark for the following: 1

This is an example for sectional interest group because it this interest group
seeks to promote the interests of farmers and the well-being of that section of
society.

Q.178 Award 1 mark each to the following: 5

SECTIONAL INTEREST GROUPS PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS

They usually promote the interests of They promote collective rather
a particular section or a group of than selective good.
society.
Their principal objective is the well- Their principal concern is with
being of their members, not society social justice and equality for the
in general. entire society.

Award 1 mark to any relevant example:

Sectional interest group- FEDECOR

Public interest group- BAMCEF

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 118

 Chapter: Movement groups

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.179 The following cartoon is titled 'News and No News. It is depicting the 1
relationship between movements and media.

How is the following cartoon relevant to interest groups and movements?

A. Illiterate people cannot contribute to movements effectively since they

cannot read newspapers.
B. Only the news about movements that benefit the powerful appear in the
media.
C. Only the movements that used newspapers effectively were successful.
D. People who participate in movements should keep up with the news.

In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka

Pulpwood Limited. About 30,000 hectares of land was given virtually free to this
company for 40 years. Much of this land was used by local farmers as grazing
land for their cattle. However the company began to plant eucalyptus trees on
this land, which could be used for making paper pulp. In 1987, a movement
called Kittiko-Hachchiko (meaning, pluck and plant) started a non-violent

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 119

 protest, where people plucked the eucalyptus plants and planted saplings of
trees that were useful to the people.

The Green Belt Movement has planted 30 million trees across Kenya. Its leader
Wangari Maathai is very disappointed with the response of government officials
and politicians: “In the 1970s and 1980s, as I was encouraging farmers to plant
trees on their land, I also discovered that corrupt government agents were
responsible for much of the deforestation by illegally selling off land and trees
to well-connected developers. Supporters of the ruling party got the land, while
those in the pro-democracy movement were displaced. This was one of the
government’s ways of retaining power; if communities were kept busy fighting
over land, they would have less opportunity to demand democracy.”

Q.180 From the example of the Green Belt Movement given above, which of the 1
following statements about the relationship between movements and the
government is true?

A. Movements of a small group of rich and powerful people can pressurise

the government.
B. Movements maintain the balance of power and accommodation of
conflicting interests in a democracy.
C. Movements wield power without responsibility since they are not
accountable to people in a democracy.
D. Movements counter the undue influence of powerful people and remind
the government of the needs of citizens.

Q.181 The Green Belt Movement was an indigenous movement involving local people 1
who wanted to conserve the environment.

Which of the following movements is similar to the green belt movement?

A. National Alliance for Peoples' Movements

B. Narmada Bachao Andolan
C. Asom Gana Parishad
D. FEDECOR

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.182 Explain why the Narmada Bachao Andolan is a good example of a movement. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 120

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.179 B. Only the news about movements that benefit the powerful appear in the 1
media.

Q.180 D. Movements counter the undue influence of powerful people and remind the 1
government of the needs of citizens.

Q.181 B. Narmada Bachao Andolan 1

Q.182 Award 1 mark to the following: 1

Narmada Bachao Andolan focussed on a single issue that later led to wider
discussions about the effect of dams. Its shelf life was short and it had clear
leadership and organisation.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 121

 Chapter: Influence of the pressure groups

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka

Pulpwood Limited. About 30,000 hectares of land was given virtually free to this
company for 40 years. Much of this land was used by local farmers as grazi ng
land for their cattle. However the company began to plant eucalyptus trees on
this land, which could be used for making paper pulp. In 1987, a movement
called Kittiko-Hachchiko (meaning, pluck and plant) started a non-violent
protest, where people plucked the eucalyptus plants and planted saplings of
trees that were useful to the people.
The Green Belt Movement has planted 30 million trees across Kenya. Its leader
Wangari Maathai is very disappointed with the response of government officials
and politicians: “In the 1970s and 1980s, as I was encouraging farmers to plant
trees on their land, I also discovered that corrupt government agents were
responsible for much of the deforestation by illegally selling off land and trees
to well-connected developers. Supporters of the ruling party got the land, while
those in the pro-democracy movement were displaced. This was one of the
government’s ways of retaining power; if communities were kept busy fighting
over land, they would have less opportunity to demand democracy.”

Q.183 In which of the following ways are the two case studies similar to each other? 1

A. Both the governments wanted the land to be free of trees.

B. Both the movements fight against the government for people's rights.
C. Both the movements wanted the land to be distributed to the farmers.
D. Both the governments were corrupt and wanted the land for themselves.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.184 Explain how the influence of pressure groups and movements in democracy is 5
both healthy and dangerous.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 122

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.183 B. Both the movements fight against the government for people's rights. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Both the Kittiko-Hachchiko movement in Karnataka and the Green Belt
Movement in Kenya represent fights againstgovernmental actions for the rights
of local people, particularly concerning land use and environmental
conservation. These movements were responses to government-linked
activities that adversely affected local communities. Therefore, option 2 is the
correct answer.

Q.184 Award 1 mark each to any five of the following or any other relevant point: 5

Pros:

1) Pressure groups and movements help the government to re-focus on the

needs and concerns of ordinary citizens.

2) Through different pressure groups, the government gets to hear about what
different sections of the population want.

3) It embodies the spirit of democracy and lends voice to the voiceless.

Cons:

1) Pressure groups with small public support but lot of money can hijack a public
discussion.

2) There is a danger that the needs of only one section of population are fulfilled.

3) Some interest groups might wield more power without responsibility.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 123

 Chapter: Gender and politics

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.185 Which of the following BEST explains the reason for lower representation of 1
women in parliaments across the world?

A. Women's role in politics has always been minimal due to division of

labour.
B. Women tend to not vote in elections because they have a lower literacy
rate.
C. Preference for sons has decreased the sex ratio due to which there are
lesser women.
D. Women's issues can be solved only through social change and not
through legislation.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.185 A. Women's role in politics has always been minimal due to division of labour. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 124

 Chapter: Genderedpolitics of labour

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.186 Which of the following examples is an expression of a relationship between 1

religion and politics?

A. Child marriage is banned in India

B. Maternity leave is mandatory for government employees.
C. Sex ratio in India has declined due to sex-selective abortions.
D. Women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same
work.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.186 A. Child marriage is banned in India 1

Correct Answer Explanation:
The banning of child marriage in India, as an expression of a relationship
between religion and politics, reflects how political decisions can be
influenced by or respond to religious practices or societal norms often rooted
in religion. Childmarriage has been practiced in various cultures and religions,
and its prohibition through legal means represents a political action that can
intersect with religious customs. Therefore, option A is the correct answer, as
it illustrates the interplay between religious practices and political or legal
responses.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 125

 Chapter: Communalism

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.187 Which of the following is one of the ways to combat communal prejudices in 1
everyday life?

A. Encouraging children to have friends within their own communities.

B. Ensuring that all the people in your apartment building have similar
religious beliefs.
C. Voting for a candidate in election on the basis of her capability
irrespective of religion.
D. Making sure that festivals of each community are celebrated by people
belonging to that community.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.187 C. Voting for a candidate in election on the basis of her capability irrespective of 1
religion.
Correct Answer Explanation:

One of the ways to combat communal prejudices in everyday life is "Voting for
a candidate in an election on the basis of her capability irrespective of religion."
This action reflects the practice of judging individuals based on their merits and
abilities rather than their religious background, which helps to reduce
communal biases and promotes inclusivity and equality. Therefore, option 3 is
the correct answer.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 126

 Chapter: Caste and politics

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.188 Which of the following is an example of communal politics? 1

A. Candidates not disclosing the religion they follow.

B. Candidates bribing voters of all religions with money for their votes.
C. Candidates bringing a religious leader to campaign in their support.
D. Candidates visiting religious sites of all religions during campaigning.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.189 "The focus on caste in politics can sometimes give an impression that elections 5
are all about caste and nothing else. That is far from true."
Elaborate this statement in five points.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 127

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.188 C. Candidates bringing a religious leader to campaign in their support. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

An example of communal politics is "Candidates bringing a religious leader to
campaign in their support." This action involves using religion directly in the
political process, potentially appealing to voters on the basis of religious identity
or sentiments, which is a characteristic of communal politics. Therefore, option
3 is the correct answer.

Q.189 Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant point: 5

1) Every candidate needs to win the confidence of more than one caste to win
elections since no constituency has a clear majority of single caste.

2) No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste.

3) Many parties may put up candidates from the same caste which means that
some voters have more than one candidate and some may not have anyone
from their caste.

4) Many ruling parties have frequently lost elections which means that castes
are not frozen in their political preferences.

5) People from the same caste often vote differently based on different factors
like economic status and gender.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 128

 Chapter: Caste inequalities

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Caste is an important source of economic inequality because it regulates access

to resources of various kinds. The relationship between caste and economic
status has certainly changed a lot. Today, it is possible to find very rich and very
poor people in every caste, whether ‘low’ or ‘high’. This was not true even
twenty or thirty years ago – it was very rare indeed to find rich people among
the ‘lowest’ castes. However, caste continues to be very strongly linked to
economic status in many important ways. The effects of centuries of
accumulated advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt. Moreover, new
kinds of inequalities have also developed.

Q.190 Most people belonging to which of the following communities are MOST LIKELY 1
to be living under the poverty line?

A. Hindu
B. Muslim
C. Scheduled Tribes
D. Other Backward Classes

Q.191 The passage states that caste continues to be very strongly linked to economic 1
status even today.

Explain the statement above.

A. In terms of proportions, lower castes are still financially worse off than
upper castes.
B. Lower castes today are economically better off than upper castes due to
the policies of the government.
C. Differences in economic status today are more to do with choices of
individual castes rather than caste hierarchy.
D. Caste hierarchy has changed inthe lastthirty years such that upper castes
have become lower castes and vice versa.

Q.192 Which of the following would MOST LIKELY be true thirty years ago? 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 129

 A. Lower caste people had no access to own land.
B. Caste did not play a role in access to education.
C. Caste did not determine the economic status of people.
D. Upper caste people living in extreme poverty was lesser.

Q.193 Which of the following factors has MOST LIKELY led to the shift in the economic 1
status of lower castes in the last thirty years?

A. Large scale urbanisation

B. Lesserinter-caste marriages
C. Government owning all the resources like land
D. Generosity of people belonging to the upper caste

Q.194 In which of the following ways can the economic status of all people belonging 1
to the lower castes MOST LIKELY be improved?

A. Improving literacy and access to education of people of lower castes

B. Government deducting more tax from people of upper castes
C. Restricting the salaries of people of upper castes
D. Making land of lower castes government owned

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 130

 Answer Key & Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.190 C. Scheduled Tribes 1

Q.191 A. In terms of proportions, lower castes are still financially worse off than upper 1
castes.

Correct Answer Explanation:

The passage indicates that despite the presence of rich and poor individuals in
every caste today, caste continues to influence economic status significantly.
This suggests that, in general, lower castes are still financially worse off than
upper castes due to historical accumulated advantages and disadvantages for
different castes. Therefore, the statement that best explains the passage is
option 1: "In terms of proportions, lower castes are still financially worse off
than upper castes." This reflects the ongoing impact of caste on economic
disparities, even though there may be exceptions to this trend.

Q.192 D. Upper caste people living in extreme poverty was lesser. 1

Q.193 A. Large scale urbanisation 1

Q.194 A. improving literacy and access to education of people of lower castes 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

The most likely way to improve the economic status of all people belonging to
the lower castes is by improving literacy and access to education for people of
lower castes. Education is a key factor in enhancing individual capabilities,
increasing employment opportunities, and enabling upward social and
economic mobility. By ensuring equal and quality educational opportunities,
people from lower castes can gain the skills and knowledge necessary to
compete in the job market and improve their economic status. Therefore,
option 1 is the most effective and sustainable approach.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 131

 Chapter: Social and religious diversity of India

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.195 Social divisions should not be made into political issues since they do not 1
benefit anyone.

State if the statement is true or false and explain your answer.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.195 Award 1 mark to the following: 1

False because disadvantaged groups do benefit when social divisions become

political issues.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 132

 Chapter: Caste in politics

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.196 Mention three ways in which caste takes various forms in politics. 3

Q.197 How does occupational mobility help transform society with respect to caste? 2

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.196 Award 1 mark each to any three of the following or any other relevant point: 3

1) Parties choose candidates in elections keeping in mind the caste composition

of the electorate.

2) Governments are formed by taking care that representatives of different

castes find a place in it.

3) Political parties muster support by appealing to caste sentiments.

4) Universal adult franchise compelled political leaders to mobilise political

support from people belonging to lower caste.

Q.197 - With an increase inmigration, landlords who were upper caste have less power 2
over people who migrate to cities for access to other opportunities

- Urban areas have more formalized spaces and organisations where caste
discrimination is strictly prohibited

(to be evaluated as a whole)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 133

 Chapter: Politics in castes

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.198 Politics too influences the caste system and caste identities by bringing them 3
into the political arena.

Explain this statement.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.198 Award 1 mark each to the following or any other relevant point: 3

1) Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating sub-castes which

were earlier excluded.

2) Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes
that lead to dialogue and negotiation.

3) New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political arena like 'backward'
and 'forward' caste groups.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 134

 Chapter: The Coming up of the factory

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.199 Give reasons why proto-industrialisation in Europe started in the countryside 3

and not in towns.

Answer Key & Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.199 Award 1 mark each to the following: 3

1) Crafts and trade guilds were strong in towns and restricted the entry of new
people into the trade.

2) Poor peasants inthe countryside had to look for alternative sources of income
due to the decrease in open fields and common land.

3) It allowed poor peasants a fuller use of their family labour resources.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 135

 Chapter: The Pace of Industrial Change

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.200 There are two statements given below, marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Read the statements and choose the correct option.

Assertion (A): Historians recognise that the typical worker in the mid 19th
century in Europe was not a machine operator but the traditional craftsperson
and labourer.

Reason (R): The new technological changes occurred and spread slowly across
Europe in the mid 19th century.

A. A is true but R is false.

B. A is false but R is true.
C. Both A and R are true and R explains A.

D. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.201 Why were industrialists hesitant in adopting the new technology till the end of 1
the 19th century?

Q.202 'Historians now have come to increasingly recognise that the typical worker in 1
the mid-nineteenth century was not a machine operator but the traditional
craftsperson.'

Give one point to justify the statement above.

Q.203 (a) Why did the East India Company find it difficult to ensure a regular supply of 5
goods for export before establishing political power in India?
(b) How did it ensure regular supplies of cotton and silk goods afterwards?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 136

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.200 C. Both A and R are true and R explains A. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

The assertion that the typical worker in mid-19th century Europe was a
traditional craftsperson and labourer is true, as is the reason that technological
changes spread slowly across Europe during this period. The gradual spread of
new technologies explains why many workers remained in traditional roles.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

Q.201 Award 1 mark to any one of the following: 1

1) The new technology was expensive and the industrialists were cautious about
using it.

2) The machines broke down frequently and the repairs were costly.

Q.202 Award 1 mark to the following or any other relevant point: 1

Even at the end of the nineteenth century, less than 20 per cent of the total
workforce was employed in technologically advanced industrial sectors.

Q.203 (a) 5

- The French, Dutch, Portuguese as well as the local traders competed in the
market to secure woven cloth.

- The weaver and supply merchants had bargaining power and tried selling the
produce to the best buyer.

(b)

- After gaining power, the Company tried to eliminate the existing traders and
brokers connected with the cloth trade, and establish more direct control over
the weaver.

- The company appointed a paid servant called the gomastha to supervise

weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 137

 - It prevented Company weavers from dealing with other buyers, through the
system of advances.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 138

 Chapter: Hand Labour and Steam Power

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.204 Why did the industrialists of America prefer using machines over human labour 1
in the 19th century?

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.204 Award 1 mark to the following: 1

Industrialists of America were keen on using machines due to the labour

shortage. In this way, use of human labour could be minimised.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 139

 Chapter: The Age of Indian Textiles

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.205 Give an example of how technological advancement positively affected the 1

weavers of India in the early 20th century.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.205 The invention of fly shuttle increased productivity per person, speeded up 1
production and reduced labour demand among handloom weavers in India.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 140

 Chapter: Effect on the weavers

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.206 Which of the following describes the situation of the Indian handloom cloth 1
production between 1900 and 1940?

A. All groups of weavers had a hard time selling their produce because
demand fluctuated across the population.
B. All the handloom designs and forms could be easily replicated in the mill
production.
C. The entire household of the weavers had to take part in the process of
production.
D. There was no technological changes brought about in the Indian
handloom sector.

One common feature of European empires was the prominence of trade

between the colonies and imperial power. This resulted in a pattern of
specialisation whereby the colonies exported mainly primary products and
imported mainly manufactured. Accordingly, in the colony, this likely benefited
consumers of manufactured products, and producers of primary products. The
imperial powers encouraged this specialisation in multiple ways. But the First
World War disrupted this pattern in favour of the colonies especially in case of
India.

Source: Trade, Industrialisation, and British Colonial Rule in India, E-

International relations, Aug 10 2020

Q.207 Which of the following describes the effect of the 'specialisation' in the Indian 1
context?

A. The cotton goods imported from Britain was more expensive than the
local handwoven clothes.
B. The import of the cotton goods decreased from 50 percent in 1790s to
almost zero in 1870s.
C. A majority of Indian weavers could not sell their produce in the Indian
market.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 141

 D. The Indian weavers got export quality cotton at cheap rates.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.208 State three points that show how political events in other countries had an 3
impact on Indian weavers in 1850s and 1860s.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 142

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.206 C. The entire household of the weavers had to take part in the process of 1
production.

Q.207 C. A majority of Indian weavers could not sell their produce in the Indian market. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

The effect of the 'specialisation' in the Indian context, as described by the

pattern where colonies exported primary products and imported manufactures,
is that a majority of Indian weavers could not sell their produce in the Indian
market. This specialization often led to the decline of local industries, as the
colonies became markets for the manufactured goods of the imperial power. In
India, this meant that imported British goods, particularly textiles, competed
with and often replaced local handwoven clothes, adversely affecting local
weavers. Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer.

Q.208 Award 1 mark each to the following: 3

1) Industrial groups in Britain pressured the government to impose import

duties on cotton textiles which caused the export market of Indian cotton
textiles to collapse.

2) Industrialists in Britain persuaded the East India Company to sell British

textiles in Indian markets as well. These textiles were much cheaper than Indian
textiles as they were made with machines. Thus the local market for textiles also
shrank.

3) Britain turned to India for raw cotton supply because the Civil War broke out
in America. Due to this, the price of raw cotton shot up and weavers were forced
to buy it at exorbitant prices.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 143

 Chapter: Selling Manchester goods in India

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

One common feature of European empires was the prominence of trade

between the colonies and imperial power. This resulted in a pattern of
specialisation whereby the colonies exported mainly primary products and
imported mainly manufactured. Accordingly, in the colony, this likely benefited
consumers of manufactured products, and producers of primary products. The
imperial powers encouraged this specialisation in multiple ways. But the First
World War disrupted this pattern in favour of the colonies especially in case of
India.
Source: Trade, Industrialisation, and British Colonial Rule in India, E-
International relations, Aug 10 2020

Q.209 Which of the following describes the 'pattern of specialisation' in the Indian 1
context of industrialisation?

A. Britain exported handwoven clothes and imported machine parts to set

up factories.
B. Britain exported machine-made clothes and imported opium.
C. Britain exported cotton from India and imported indigo.
D. Britain exported cotton and imported finished clothes.

Q.210 In which of the following ways was this pattern of specialisation encouraged in 1
British India?

A. The British encouraged free trade where various buyers could compete
for the Indian textiles.
B. The British gave tax exemptions to the British merchants on import of
finished cotton goods.
C. The Britishsoldtheir finishedgoods in the Indian market atcheaper price.
D. The British exported the Indian textiles to sell in the European markets.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 144

Q.211 State five ways inwhich British manufacturers appealed to the Indians to create 5
new customers.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 145

 Answer Key & Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.209 D. Britain exported cotton and imported finished clothes. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

The 'pattern of specialisation' in the Indian context of industrialization, as
described in the passage, is that Britain exported cotton from India and
imported finished clothes. This pattern reflects the colonial economic
relationship where India primarily supplied raw materials, such as cotton, and
imported manufactured goods, like textiles, from Britain. Therefore, option 4
accurately describes this pattern of specialization in the Indian context of
industrialization.

Q.210 C. The British sold their finished goods in the Indian market at cheaper price. 1

Q.211 - One way in which new consumers are created is through advertisements 5

- When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on
the cloth bundles. The label was needed to make the place of manufacture and
the name of the company familiar to the buyer. The label was also to be a mark
of quality.

- Images of Indian gods and goddesses regularly appeared on these labels. It was
as if the association with gods gave divine approval to the goods being sold.

- By the late nineteenth century, manufacturers were printing calendars to

popularise their products.

- Like the images of gods, figures of important personages, of emperors and

nawabs, adorned advertisements and calendars to hint at the quality of the
product.

-any other relevant point (any

5 points to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 146

 Chapter: The Early Entrepreneurs

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.212 State five factors that enabled local industrialists to gradually consolidate their 5
position and capture the home market in clothing in the mid 20th century.

Q.213 (a) Where did the money for investments in Industries come from for early 5
Indian industrialists in the 19th century? (3)

(b) How did the tightening colonial control over these industrialists affect their
trade? (2)

Q.214 Identify and locate on the map the following places. 2

A - The place where the first cotton mill was set up in India.

B - The state where the first jute mill in India was set up.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 147

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.212 - As the Swadeshi movement gathered momentum, nationalists mobilised 5

people to boycott foreign cloth.

- The export of Indian yarn to China declined since produce from Chinese and
Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market. So industrialists in India began
shifting from yarn to cloth production.

- With British mills busy with war production during the first world war, to meet
the needs of the army, Manchester imports into India declined. Suddenly, Indian
mills had a vast home market to supply.

- As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs
and for meeting these new factories were set up.
- After the war, unable to modernise and compete with the US, Germany and
Japan, the economy of Britain crumbled. Cotton production collapsed and
exports of cotton cloth from Britain fell dramatically leading to the consolidation
of local industrialists.

(evaluated as whole)

Q.213 (a) 5
- Many Indians became junior players in the trade of opium and other goods to
China. Having earned through trade, some of these businessmen had visions of
developing industrial enterprises in India.

- In Bombay, Parsis like Dinshaw Petit and Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata who
built huge industrial empires in India, accumulated their initial wealth partly
from exports to China, and partly from raw cotton shipments to England.
- Capital was accumulated through other trade networks as well. Some
merchants from Madras traded with Burma while others had links with the
Middle East and East Africa.

(b)
- As colonial control over Indian trade tightened,they were barred from trading
with Europe inmanufactured goods, and had to export mostly raw materials and
food grains – raw cotton, opium, wheat and indigo – required by the British.

- They were also gradually edged out of the shipping business.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 148

Q.214 A - Bombay/Mumbai 2

B - Bengal

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 149

 Chapter: Factory workers and their recruitment

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.215 How did the mills in early 20th century India acquire their labour force? 3

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.215 - In most industrial regions workers came from the districts around. Peasants 3
and artisans who found no work in the village went to the industrial centres in
search of work.

- Over time, as news of employment spread, workers travelled great distances

in the hope of work in the mills.
- Industrialists usually employed a jobber to get new recruits. Very often the
jobber was an old and trusted worker. He got people from his village, ensured
them jobs, helped them settle in the city and provided them money in times of
crisis.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 150

 Chapter: Peculiarities of Industrial growth

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

One common feature of European empires was the prominence of trade

between the colonies and imperial power. This resulted in a pattern of
specialisation whereby the colonies exported mainly primary products and
imported mainly manufactured. Accordingly, in the colony, this likely benefited
consumers of manufactured products, and producers of primary products. The
imperial powers encouraged this specialisation in multiple ways. But the First
World War disrupted this pattern in favour of the colonies especially in case of
India.
Source: Trade, Industrialisation, and British Colonial Rule in India, E-
International relations, Aug 10 2020

Q.216 How did the First World War disrupt the pattern of specialisation in the case of 1
India?

A. Indian mills were forced to only supply the war needs of Britain.
B. Local industrialists consolidated their position in the local markets.
C. Lack of skilled labour in India due to the war caused the disruption in
export of Indian goods.
D. Indian mills declined to support Britain's war needs and concentrated
only on the local market.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 151

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.216 B. Local industrialists consolidated their position in the local markets. 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

With Britain focusing on the first world war, its supply of manufactured goods
to colonies decreased, allowing Indian industries to expand and meet domestic
demand. This shift altered the established trade pattern of India mainly
exporting primary products and importing manufactured. Therefore, option 2 is
the correct answer.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 152

 Chapter: Small scale industries

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.217 List three points that show how the handloom weaving industry in India 3
competed with the mills in the early twentieth century.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.217 - Several small innovations, like the fly shuttle, helped weavers improve their 3
productivity and compete with the mill sector.
- Weavers who wove finer type of cloth saw that the rich could afford to buy
their products and marketed it to them.
- Mills could not imitate specialised weaves. Saris with woven borders, or the
famous lungis and handkerchiefs of Madras, could not be easilydisplaced by mill
production.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 153

 Chapter: Subsistence farming

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.218 Raju is a mason in Pune, who travels to his home village Punavadi, during 1
monsoons for farming. He farms in Punavadi till November end and resumes
masonry in Pune for the rest of the months.

What type of farming is he MOST LIKELY involved in?

A. Intensive subsistence farming

B. commercial grain farming
C. plantation farming
D. mixed farming

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.219 Keerthi lives in Delhi. During the winter, she read in the papers about smog. 1
When smoke from the burning of crops mixes with fog, it becomes smog.
Based on this information, what kind of agriculture is MOST LIKELY being
practiced in areas around Delhi?

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.218 A. Intensive subsistence farming 1

Q.219 Slash-and-burn agriculture or Jhumming 1

(any regional name may be accepted)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 154

 Chapter: Commercial farming

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.220 Can crops be used for commercial as well as subsistence farming? Justify with 1
an example.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.220 Yes, they can. 1

- rice/paddy

- wheat

- pulses

- cereals

- vegetables

- any other relevant example

(any one to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 155

 Chapter: Cropping pattern in India

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.221 Suhail helps on his mother's farm during the sowing season, which was just after 1
the first monsoon showers. He lives with his family in West Bengal, and they
harvest food crops.

Name one crop that his mother's farm may be growing.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.221 paddy/ maize/ jowar/ bajra/ toor/ moong/ urad/ soyabean/ groundnut/any other 1
relevant crop

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 156

 Chapter: Major non-food crops

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.222 Based on the leading producers of jute in the world, the MAXIMUM number of 1
jute industries are LIKELY to be located on the banks of which of the following
rivers or its tributaries?

A. Brahmaputra
B. Yamuna
C. Yangtze
D. Ganges

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.223 Name any three major fibre crops grown in India and mention what they are 3
used for.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.222 D. Ganges 1

Q.223 Cotton - textile industry 3

Jute - bags, ropes, mats

Hemp - rope, textiles, paper

Silk - textile

(any three to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 157

 Chapter: Agriculture development

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.224 Which of the following items are manufactured in an agro-based industry? 1

P: shoes

Q: Suits

R: mobiles

S: cookers

T: ointments

A. P and Q
B. Q and R
C. R and S
D. S and T

Q.225 Which of the following countries will have the least arable land? 1

A. Greenland
B. Sri Lanka
C. Canada
D. Ireland

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.226 After the economic reforms of 1990, agricultural produce was exported by India 3
for the first time.
State whether you agree or disagree with this statement in three points.

Q.227 (a) Why was it important to enforce institutional reforms in Indian agriculture 5
post-independence? (2)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 158

 (b) Mention any three steps taken by the government to financially empower
farmers. (3)

Q.228 3

Source: Databook, Planning Commission, 2014

(a) In the graph above, you can see the contribution of agriculture to the GDP
has been reducing over the years. What can we say about the economic status
of farmers from the 1950s to the 2010s?

(b) What are some challenges thatfarmers face, leading to a low contribution of
agriculture to the GDP?

Q.229 It has been suggested that Indian farmers should diversify their cropping 3
patterns and grow cash crops (high-value crops). What are the advantages of
this idea?

Q.230 Suhana used to be a farmer when the agricultural reforms took place in the 2
1980s. Mention any two government initiatives that she may have benefitted
from.

Q.231 What was the Bhoodan-Gramdan movement and why was it called a 5
"revolution"?

Q.232 When Kumar was asked about his ambition in life, he said that he wanted to 2
work in the agricultural sector but in a government body and not as a farmer.
What kind of bodies could he possibly work at?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 159

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.224 A. P and Q 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

Shoes use leather and textiles use cotton as a raw material which comes from
agriculture that includes farming and animal rearing, hence option A is the
correct answer.

Q.225 A. Greenland 1

Q.226 - No, this statement is incorrect. Agricultural produce has been exported to 3
different parts of the world for a long time.

- European traders exported spices from India.

- During the British rule, India was a major exporter of cotton.

- any other relevant point

Q.227 (a) 5

- Farmers depended on monsoons and the natural fertility of the soil for
produce.

- The population of the country was growing putting pressure on land.

- Nearly 60% of the workforce was employed in agriculture.

- Land holdings were fragmented to uneconomical sizes due to the right of

inheritance.

- any other relevant point

(any two to be evaluated)

(b)

- collectivisation

- cooperatives

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 160

 - abolition of zamindari

- loan facilities

- any other relevant point

(any three to be evaluated)

Q.228 (a) The economic status of the farmers has been continuously degrading over 3
the years.

(b)

- international competition

- reduction of public investments in irrigation, roads, markets, technology

- reduction of import duties

- reduction of fertiliser subsidies

- any other relevant point

(any two to be evaluated)

Q.229 - less environmental degradation 3

- more income for farmers

- cash crops need much less irrigation

- contributing to the GDP

(any three to be evaluated)

Q.230 - crop insurance against natural disasters 2

- Grameen banks

- being part of a cooperative

- availing low-interest loans

- Kissan Credit Card (KCC)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 161

 - Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS)

(any two to be evaluated)

Q.231 - It is a movement where landless labourers demanded land for themselves. 5

- Land-less villagers got land donated by rich landowners.

- Zamindars distributed whole villages to the landless.

- It was called a revolution because it encouraged cooperative farming amongst

the farmer.

- It was alsoa steptowards Gandhi's vision of Gramswarjya or the self-sufficiency

of villages.

Q.232 - agricultural universities 2

- horticulture department

- research institutions

(any two to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 162

 Chapter: Environmental damage

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.233 (a) What was the Green Revolution and why did it come under scrutiny despite 5
increasing agricultural yield? (4)

(b) Explain how agriculture is being practiced today in a way that does not harm
the environment? (1)

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.233 (a) 5

- The Green revolution introduced chemical fertilisers and pesticides as well as

HYVs to Indian farmers.

- With government support, farmers were able to increase their yield and
improve agriculture technology.

- In time, it was found that the Green revolution benefitted only a section of the
population and a large number of farmers were still farming in poor conditions.

- In addition, the Green revolution contributed to the degradation of the

land, water bodies, and biodiversity.

(to be assessed as a whole)

(b) Nowadays, people are aware of the harmful effects of chemicals on human
and soil health. Thus, organic farming is popular today because it does not use
chemical fertilisers or pesticides thereby preventing damage to the
environment.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 163

 Chapter: Accountabilityand responsiveness

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.234 As part of a case study Roshini read about the long-drawn deliberations that 3
take place in the Parliament before passing any policy. Upon asking her teacher
about the delay, he said that delays are sometimes good for democracy.

Why did he say this?

Q.235 Mention two ways in which a democratic government can ensure transparency 2
of its procedures to its people.

Q.236 State three aspects of the functioning of a government in which democracy has 3
not fared well in the past.

Q.237 State any five reasons why democracy is considered better than other forms of 5
government.

Q.238 What aspect of democracy is being violated in this cartoon? 1

Q.239 Suresh was conducting a short research study on different democracies of the 3
world. What are the three aspects that he would be measuring to check if a
government is effective or not?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 164

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.234 - Democracy centres decision-making around public opinion and dialogue. 3

- Delays mean that those in power are carefully making decisions so that it
benefits the people.

- Making fastdecisions, like inthe case of non-democratic governments may not

be effective.

Q.235 - providing access to policy documents 2

- providing access to Parliamentary debates

- providing reasons and rationale for its actions

- any other relevant point

(any two to be evaluated)

Q.236 - sharing information with the people 3

- corruption

- ignoring minority demands

- unfair elections

- inadequate conditions for public debate

(any three to be evaluated)

Q.237 - promotes equality 5

- enhances individual dignity

- improves the quality of decision-making

- provides methods for conflict resolution

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 165

 - allows room to correct mistakes

Q.238 - transparency/citizens' right to information 1

Q.239 - regular, free, and fair elections 3

- public debate on major policies

- citizens' right to information

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 166

 Chapter: Legitimacy

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.240 A situation that can possibly expose the illegitimacy of bad democratic 5
governments is elections.

Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer.

Q.241 1

What might be a reason that people in some countries have chosen the second
option - sometimes a dictatorship is better?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 167

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.240 Yes, elections can show the illegitimacy of the government. 5

- The government gains legitimacy because it is elected by the people.

- Elections may not be free or fair.

- Elected representatives may rarely work for the people, so it cannot be called
a "people's government".

- Elected representatives may be corrupt and citizens may not be standing in

elections that often.

- People may not be able to choose the pool of candidates from which the
representative is elected, making the process illegitimate.

- any other relevant point

(any four to be assessed)

Q.241 - faster decisions 1

- higher rate of economic development

- low political corruption

(any one to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 168

 Chapter: Economic development and equality

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.242 Take a look at the following map. It captures to which extent political leaders 1
are elected under comprehensive voting rights in free and fair elections, and
freedoms of association and expression are guaranteed. It ranges from 0 to 1
(most democratic).

Pay special attention to the countries of North America, Europe, Africa and India.

Which outcome of democracy is definitely COMMON among the countries

which are the 'most democratic' according to the map?

A. citizens' dignity and freedom

B. accommodation of social diversity
C. reduction of inequality and poverty
D. economic growth and development

Q.243 Here are the lyrics of a part of the song "Imagine" by John Lennon. 1

Imagine no possessions

I wonder if you can

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 169

 No need for greed or hunger

A brotherhood of man

Imagine all the people

Sharing all the world

You

You may say I'm a dreamer

But I'm not the only one

I hope someday you'll join us

And the world will live as one

Which outcome of democracy does the song hint at?

A. Reduction of inequality and poverty

B. Respecting social diversity
C. Accountability of leaders
D. Economic development

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.244 Why is it necessary to study the economic outcomes of democracy? 2

Q.245 Political equality does not translate to economic equality. 2

Explain with an example.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 170

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.242 D. Economic growth and development 1

Q.243 A. Reduction of inequality and poverty 1

Q.244 - to see if democracy can achieve higher rates of growth than other forms of 2
government

- to see if economic gains are distributed equally amongst the population

Q.245 - Although all citizens have an equal political power through adult franchise, 2
economic gains are not distributed equally.

- People of all castes in India have the right to one vote. But some castes are
economically deprived and backward even though the have the same political
rights.

(any other relevant example for point 2 can be assessed)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 171

 Chapter: Social diversity

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.246 "A government must ensure that the majority group does not make all the 1
decisions and becomes a superior social group."

Which of the following questions BEST aligns with the suggestion given above?

A. "How can a government increase the political participation of its

citizens?"
B. "What can be done to ensure the economic development of the
country?"
C. "What can the leaders do to ensure that citizens' diversity is respected?"
D. "How can you make sure free and fair elections are conducted?"

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.247 Democracy remains democracy only as long as every citizen has a chance of 1
being in majority at some point of time.

Explain this statement.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 172

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.246 C. What can the leaders do to ensure that citizens' diversity is respected?" 1

Q.247 - Citizens should not be considered a minority just because of their caste, class, 1
gender, religion, language.

-any other relevant point

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 173

 Chapter: Respect of freedom of citizens

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.248 Democracy ensures respect and freedom of all citizens of the country. Name 1
two provisions of the Constitution for this purpose.

Q.249 (a) How has democracy made it easier for women to demand equal treatment? 5
(3)

(b) Explain how democracy has similarly helped other social groups in India. (2)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 174

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.248 - Fundamental rights 1

- Directive Principles of State Policy

Q.249 (a) 5

- Continuous struggle of women has led democracies to adopt equal treatment

as an ideal.

- The legality of it aids women in demanding equal treatment.

- In non-democratic governments, there would be no basis to this demand and

can be ignored easily.

(to be assessed as a whole)

(b)

- It has helped disadvantaged caste groups to demand equality.

- Caste discrimination can be struck down because it is illegal.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 175

 Chapter: Challenges of Democracy

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.250 Look at the cartoon given below. 1

Source: [Link]

Which of the following problems does it depict?

A. The wealthy win the election

B. Wealth in the hands of the US President
C. The White House collects the most taxes
D. White people hold more power in elections

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.251 Classify the following countries according to the challenges of democracy that 3
they face.

Vietnam - a one-party state in which the party has absolute political and
economic power

Sweden - a state that is reforming the jobs of civil servants so that common
people can contest in elections and join the government

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 176

 Bhutan - a state that was previously run by the monarch as well as the
government, but now has separated the two

Q.252 The 73rd Amendment of the Indian constitution established a form of 1

decentralized government that gives more power to local self-governments.
Which challenge of democracy does this amendment address?

Q.253 Describe any three problems faced in the Indian democracy in the sphere of 3
elections.

Q.254 A change in rules can prevent some wrong practices, but cannot improve the 3
overall quality of the institution.
Explain this statement with reference to democracy.

Q.255 "In a democracy, we have the right to choose our own dictators!" 2
(a) In the above statement who is referred to as 'dictators'?
(b) Comment on the quality of elections referred to by the statement.

Q.256 To address the challenge of deepening democracy, institutional reforms that 1

encourage people's participation are required. State any one such reform.

Q.257 Name the three challenges of democracy. 3

Q.258 Tunisia is a country that is newly democratic. List two challenges it might have 2
faced while transitioning to democracy.

Q.259 In Belgium, multiple rounds of constitutional amends have taken place, yet there 1
are social groups with specific demands.

What kind of challenge is Belgium facing?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 177

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.250 A. The wealthy win the election 1

Q.251 Vietnam - foundational challenge 3

Sweden - challenge of deepening democracy

Bhutan - challenge of expansion

Q.252 challenge of expansion 1

Q.253 - A huge population is not involved in the election process due to illiteracy or 3
inaccessibility.

- Adequate information is not given to citizens to make an informed choice.

- Civilians cannot contest in elections, which leads to politicians monopolizing

power

- Some political parties are dominated by powerful families

- Politicians make false promises to their vote bank in order to secure votes.

- Large parties have an advantage over small parties

- any other relevant point

(any three to be evalauted)

Q.254 - Laws play an important role in political reforms. Such laws can prevent wrong 3
political practices and encourage good ones.

- But this does not guarantee an improvement in the quality of democracy as a

whole.

- Political reforms should be carried out by political activists, parties,

movements, and conscious citizens.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 178

 (to be evaluated as a whole)

Q.255 (a) elected representatives/politicians 2

(b) Elections do not embody the spirit of democracy.

Q.256 - censor-free media and press 1

- forums for public participation

- decentralisation of power

- complaint redressal mechanisms

- any other relevant point

(any one to be evaluated)

Q.257 - Foundational challenge 3

- Challenge of expansion

- Challenge of deepening of democracy

Q.258 - displacing the non-democratic regime 2

- setting up institutions of democracy

- controlling military power

- establishing sovereignty

- any other relevant point

(any two to be evaluated)

Q.259 - challenge of expansion 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 179

 Chapter: Overcoming challenges – Reforms

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.260 The election manifestos of many political parties are issued as pamphlets in 1
English.

Which of the following step can the election commission take to make them
more accessible immediately?

A. Construct schools to educate more people

B. Make it mandatory for all political parties to campaign in Hindi
C. Request media houses to campaign for different parties in easy language
D. Make it mandatory for political parties to release manifestos in all
regional languages

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.261 Challenges of democracy can be addressed by political reforms. However, a list 2

of ideal reforms for all countries cannot be created.

Explain why with an example.

Q.262 What kind of laws are considered the best to make democracy more efficient? 5

Explain how the Right to Information Act can be considered as one such law.

Q.263 Why is it suggested that citizens' movements and the media are more likely to 2
succeed in political reforms than the legislature?

Q.264 Democracy is not restricted to providing citizens with the right to vote. State five 5
other rights that are upheld by the spirit of democracy.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 180

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.260 D. Make it mandatory for political parties to release manifestos in all regional 1
languages

Correct Answer Explanation:

To make election manifestos more immediately accessible, the Election
Commission can mandate political parties to release their manifestos in all
regional languages. This ensures that the information reaches a wider audience
who may not be proficient in English, enhancing democratic participation. Thus,
the correct option is 4.

Q.261 - Challenges in each country / in different parts of the country are different and 2
hence no one list can be created.

- For example, in Iraq, while the government is still trying to establish power, in
India, the government has been established but various government institutions
need to be strengthened.

- any other relevant example to be accepted

Q.262 - Generally, laws that aim to ban something are not successful. 5

- Laws that incentivize positive behaviour have a better chance of bringing about
change.

- The best kind of laws are those that empower citizens to bring about
democratic reform.

- The Right to Information Act helps in this regard because it empowers citizens
with information and encourages them to hold the government accountable.

- This right helps control corruption in addition to other supporting laws.

- any other relevant point

Q.263 - Legislatures may not pass laws that are not in their parties' best interest. 2

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 181

 - Citizens' movements and the media are more likely to demand changes that
benefit society as a whole.

Q.264 - Right to information 5

- Right to economic equality

- Right to social and religious equality

- Right to freedom and dignity

- minority rights

- any other relevant point

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 182

 Chapter: Print comes to Europe

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.265 State three advantages of woodblock printing over handwritten manuscripts 3

that made printing more popular.

Q.266 Which change led to the rise of the print revolution? 1

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.265 - Copying was an expensive, laborious and time-consuming business 3

- Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not be carried around
or read easily. Their circulation therefore remained limited.
- Growing demand for cheap books for university students and merchants made
the cheaper woodblocks more popular.

Q.266 The shift from hand printing to mechanical printing led to the print revolution. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 183

 Chapter: The Print Revolution and its impact

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.267 The print revolution transformed the lives of people, changing their relationship 3
to information and knowledge.

Justify this statement.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.267 - With the printing press, a new reading public emerged. Printing reduced the 3
cost of books. Before the age of print, books were not only expensive but they
could not be produced in sufficient numbers. Common people could now read
books.

- To cater to the less literate public, printers began publishing popular ballads
and folk tales, and such books would be profusely illustrated with pictures. The
line that separated the oral and reading cultures became blurred.

- Those who disagreedwith establishedauthorities could now print and circulate

their ideas. Through the printed message, they could persuade people to think
differently, and move them to action.

- any other relevant point

(any three points to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 184

 Chapter: The Reading Mania

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.268 Why did children become an important category of readers in Europe in the late 1
19th century?

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.268 Primary education became compulsory. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 185

 Chapter: India and the Print World

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.269 Lives and feelings of women in India began to be written in particularly vivid and 2
intense ways in the late 19th century.

Justify this statement with two examples.

Q.270 How did print culture promote the spread of religious doctrine in 19th century 3
India?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 186

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.269 - From the 1860s, a few Bengali women like Kailashbashini Debi wrote books 2
highlighting the experiences of women about how women were imprisoned at
home, kept in ignorance, forced to do hard domestic labour and treated unjustly
by the very people they served.

- In the 1880s, in present-day Maharashtra, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai

wrote with passionate anger about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu
women, especially widows.

Q.270 - The Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867, published thousands upon 3

thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their
everyday lives, and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines.
- Among Hindus, too, print encouraged the reading of religious texts, especially
in the vernacular languages.
- In their printed and portable form, these could be read easily by the faithful at
any place and time.
- They could also be read out to large groups of illiterate men and women.

- any other relevant point

(any three points to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 187

 Chapter: Religious Reform and Public debates

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.271 How did the rise of print contribute to religious reform in 18th and 19th century 3
India? Elaborate with an example.

Q.272 Give two examples of social reformers who used cheap printed books to further 2
the debate on caste discrimination.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 188

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.271 - Debates on religious issues were now carried out in public and in print due to 3
the rise of printing.

- Since printing was now cheap, many people had access to it in vernacular
languages.

- Printed tracts and newspapers not only spread the new ideas, but they shaped
the nature of the debate. A wider public could now participate in public
discussions in the everyday, spoken language of ordinary people.
- For example, Rammohun Roy published the Sambad Kaumudi from 1821 and
the Hindu orthodoxy commissioned the Samachar Chandrika to oppose his
opinions.
(any three points to be evaluated)

Q.272 - From the late nineteenth century, issues of caste discrimination began to be 2
written about in many printed tracts and essays. Jyotiba Phule, the Maratha
pioneer of ‘low caste’ protest movements, wrote about the injustices of the
caste system in his Gulamgiri (1871)

- In the twentieth century, books written on caste and other powerful writings
were getting published and available for cheap in all parts of India.
[Link]'s books in Maharashtra and E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker's books in
Madras, are a few examples.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 189

 Chapter: Print and censorship

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.273 How did cartoons and caricatures help in creating the conditions within which 2
French Revolution occurred?

Q.274 The book ‘The Conflict of Religion, Morals and Science in Contemporary 1
Education’ by Giordano Bruno was placed in the Index of Prohibited Books.

What could have been the reason for this?

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.273 - Cartoons and caricatures typically suggested that the monarchy remained 2
absorbed only in sensual pleasures while the common people suffered immense
hardships.

- This literature that consisted of these cartoons, circulated underground and

led to the growth of hostile sentiments against the monarchy.

Q.274 The book contains heretical ideas or questionings of faith. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 190

 Chapter: Need for political parties

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.275 What are the main functions of a ruling party? 3

Q.276 Why did the multiparty system evolve in India? 2

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.275 -The ruling party forms and runs governments. 3

- The ruling party plays a decisive role in making laws for a country
- The ruling party puts forward different policies and programmes which a
government bases its decisions on.

Q.276 - Party system is not something any country can choose. It evolves over a long 2
time, depending on the nature of society, its social and regional divisions, its
history of politics and its system of elections.
- India has evolved a multiparty system because the social and geographical
diversity in such a large country is not easily absorbed by two or even three
parties.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 191

 Chapter: Number of political parties

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.277 Consider a country which has diverse social groups. It wants to adopt a new 1
political system which helps give equality to all groups.

Identify the feature it should adopt.

A. Enable different groups to represent themselves by forming political

parties
B. Empower groups to take extreme positions to ensure justice for
themselves
C. Help different groups get assimilated into one single group to reduce
diversity
D. Allowing political power to remain in the hands of only one group to
ensure stability

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.278 In a country, though people are allowed to form parties, only one party controls 2
and forms the government. What type of party-system can we say operates in
this country? Why?

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.277 A. Enable different groups to represent themselves by forming political parties 1

Q.278 - A single party system. 2

- Since only one party controls and forms the government, it would seem that
the electoral system does not permit free competition for power.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 192

 Chapter: National parties

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.279 There are two statements given below, Statement (I) and Statement (II). Read 1
the statements and choose the correct option.

(I) : A one-party system is a good democratic option.

(II) : Political parties in a democracy put forth different programmes and policies
for voters to choose from.

A. (I) and (II) are true

B. (I) and (II) are false
C. (I) is the cause of (II)
D. (I) is false but (II) is true

Q.280 Subhash lobbies with various government offices to work specifically for the 1
interests of the Scheduled Tribes.

Which of the following parties is he MOST LIKELY to be associated with?

A. All-India Trinamool Congress

B. Indian National Congress
C. Communist Party of India
D. Bahujan Samaj Party

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.281 Which recognised national party sees securing power for the dalits, adivasis, 1
OBCs and religious minorities as an important part of its identity?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 193

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.279 D. (I) is false but (II) is true 1

Q.280 D. Bahujan Samaj Party 1

Q.281 Bahujan Samaj Party 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 194

 Chapter: State parties

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.282 How have state parties contributed to the strengthening of federalism? 3

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.282 -Over the last three decades, the number and strength of these parties has 3
expanded. This made the Parliament of India politically more and more diverse.
- No one national party was able to secure a majority in the Lok Sabha until 2014.
As a result, the national parties were compelled to form alliances with State
parties, which increased the bargaining power of these states.

- Some of these parties are conscious about their State identity which helps in
bringing issues of the states to the forefront.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 195

 Chapter: Challenges to political parties

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.283 A party has won the following percentage of seats in the 4 states where it has 3
contested in the state legislative assembly election.

State % of votes won No of seats won

State A 19 10

State B 16 4

State C 35 42

State D 7 1

The party has not won any Lok Sabha seats.

(a) What type of political party will it be classified as? Why?

(b) Can it be classified as a national party? Justify your answer.

Q.284 There is a lack of internal democracy within political parties. 2

Why is this considered a challenge?

Q.285 What are two ways in which political parties can be reformed without over- 2
regulation?

Q.286 ‘In Goa, 7 powerful families are contesting 35% of the assembly seats’ states a 1
headline in a recent newspaper article.
Which challenge of political parties does it MOST LIKELY illustrate?

Q.287 What is one ill effect of the anti-defection law? 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 196

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.283 (a) 3

-It will be recognised as a State party in States A, B and C.

- This is because it has won at least 6% of votes and at least 2 seats in the state
legislative assembly elections in those states.

(b)

- The party will not be a national party even though it has won more than 6% of
votes in four state assembly elections, as the party has not won any Lok Sabha
seat.

Q.284 -There is a tendency in political parties towards the concentration of power in 2

one or few leaders at the top. Those who disagree with the leadership find it
difficult to continue in the party.
- More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal loyalty to the leader
becomes more important.

Q.285 - People can put pressure on political parties through petitions, publicity and 2
agitations.
- Political parties can improve if those who want this to happen join political
parties.

- People can ensure that the decision-making process within the party is
transparent.
- Parties hold regular meetings and keep the public informed about the matters
discussed.

- any other relevant point

(any two to be assessed)

Q.286 the challenge of dynastic succession 1

Q.287 The anti-defection law has made any dissenteven more difficult. MPs and MLAs 1
have to accept whatever the party leaders decide.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 197

 Chapter: Consumer in Marketplace

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.288 Why is evidence difficult to gather for the consumer redressal process in India? 1

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.288 In most purchases, cash memos are not issued. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 198

 Chapter: Consumer Movement

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.289 Describe the redressal mechanism for consumers as set up under The Consumer 3
Protection Act, 1986 (COPRA).

Q.290 There are many goods and services which require special attention to safety. 2
However, we do find bad quality products in the market. Give two reasons why
this can happen.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.289 - Under COPRA, a three-tier machinery at the district, state and national levels 3
was set up for redressal of consumer disputes.
- The district-level court, the state level court and the national-level courts deal
with cases based on monetary charge of the claims.

- If a case is dismissed in district-level court, a consumer can also appeal in the

state and then in national-level courts.

Q.290 - Supervision of safety rules and regulation is weak. 2

- Consumer movement is not strong enough to protect against all suchproducts

in the market.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 199

 Chapter: Consumer Rights

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.291 Which of the following would a customer be entitled to while shopping on ANY 1
e-commerce website?

P: Right to receive the order once you have made the payment

Q: Right to contact customer care for product information

R: Right to keep a product for free when delivery is delayed

S: Right to be refunded in cash when a faulty product is delivered

A. Only P and Q
B. Only Q and R
C. Only R and S
D. Only P and S

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.292 State three reasons why consumers need protection. 3

Q.293 The Right to Information Act is also an act which enhances consumer rights. 2
Explain the statement above.

Q.294 How do consumer forums help ordinary citizens in accessing their rights? 2

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 200

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.291 A. Only P and Q 1

Q.292 - Individual consumers often find themselves in a weak position. Whenever 3

there is a complaint regarding a good or service that had been bought, the seller
tries to shift all the responsibility on to the buyer.

- Sometimes traders indulge in unfair trade practices such as when shopkeepers

weigh less than what they should.
- Traders add charges that were not mentioned before, or when
adulterated/defective goods are sold.

- Companies with huge wealth, power and reach can manipulate the market in
various ways.

- At times false information is passed on through the media, and other sources
to attract consumers.
- any other relevant point

(any three points to be evaluated)

Q.293 - Citizens can be thought of as consumers of government services. 2

- The Right to Information Act (RTI) provides a platform to the citizens to get
information about the working of government departments, which can be
helpful in addressing grievances.

Q.294 - They help citizens file cases in consumer courts. 2

- They create awareness about consumer rights among people.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 201

 Chapter: Examples of Consumer rights

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.295 Which of the following scenarios represents a case where consumer rights are 1
being compromised?

A. A food company using misleading advertising to exaggerate the health

benefits of its products
B. A healthcare provider denying medical treatment to individuals based on
their race or ethnicity
C. An e-commerce website sharing personal information of its users with
third-party advertisers without their consent
D. A telecommunications market dominated by two large providers who
engage in price-fixing to eliminate competition

Q.296 Upon eating a bar of chocolate that does not mention the ingredients used in it, 1
which of the following consumers have the right to seek redressal?

A. A girl who had an allergic reaction to the peanuts in the chocolate bar
B. A girl who dropped the chocolate bar by mistake
C. A boy who found the chocolate bar too sweet
D. A boy whose chocolate bar melted in his bag

Q.297 Any consumer who receives a service/product in whatever capacity, regardless 1

of age, gender and nature of service, has the right to choose whether tocontinue
to receive the service.

Source (edited): NCERT

Accordingly, in which of the following cases is the above-mentioned right being

violated?

A. Agjot was denied his request to cancel his Netflix subscription before
completion of a year.
B. Akash was denied his college degree since he chose to drop out of the
course.
C. Arpita was denied a vegetarian meal on her flight to Delhi.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 202

 D. Amina was denied the seat of his choice in a restaurant.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.298 Surinder saw that a shopkeeper was selling his goods at a price different from 3
Maximum Retail Price.
Can Surinder complain against the shopkeeper? Justify your answer.

Q.299 The expiry date is clearly mentioned in packaging of food stuff. What consumer 1
right does this illustrate?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 203

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.295 A. A food company using misleading advertising to exaggerate the health 1

benefits of its products

Q.296 A. A girl who had an allergic reaction to the peanuts in the chocolate bar 1

Q.297 A. Agjot was denied his request to cancel his Netflix subscription before 1
completion of a year.

Q.298 - If the shopkeeper was selling at a price higher than the Maximum Retail Price 3
Surinder can complain.
- If the shopkeeper was selling at a lower price then there is no reason for
complaint against the shopkeeper.

- This is because the Maximum Retail Price is the maximum price which a seller
can ask a consumer to pay. It is fine if a seller decides to charge less than the
Maximum Retail Price.

(to be assessed as whole)

Q.299 Right to be informed 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 204

 Chapter: Mineral Sources

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.300 Explain how minerals are deposited in the following: 2

(a) igneous and metamorphic rocks

(b) sedimentary rocks

Q.301 Alluvial deposits are formed by the action of rivers. Explain why minerals like 1
gold and silver are found in alluvial deposits and not metals like iron or copper.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.300 (a) When minerals in their molten or gaseous form are forced upward through 2
cavities Earth's surface, they cool and solidify to form mineral deposits.

(b) They are formed as a result of accumulation and deposition in horizontal

layers and are subjected to high pressure.

Q.301 Gold and silver are not corroded by water but iron and copper are. 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 205

 Chapter: Energy Sources

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.302 Kiran wants to set up a petroleum producing unit. Petroleum jelly is made from 1
the residual products of oil when it is distilled after mining.

Which of the following states will be ideal to set up this unit soas to procure raw
material easily?

A. Uttar Pradesh
B. Chhatisgarh
C. Rajasthan
D. Odisha

Q.303 How does the high demand for steel impact the mining and production of iron 1
ore?

P: It leads to increased exploration of new mines.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 206

 Q: It leads to increased excavation from existing mines.

R: It leads to increased investment in new technologies for processing iron ore.

Which of the following is/are CORRECT?

A. P only
B. Q and R only
C. P and R only
D. All P, Q and R

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.304 What is the difference between a mineral and an ore? 1

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.302 A. Uttar Pradesh 1

Q.303 D. All P, Q and R 1

Q.304 Minerals are homogenous substances, usually a single element. Ores are 1
substances that contain minerals mixed with other elements.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 207

 Chapter: Non-conventional power sources

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.305 Tidal Energy, Solar Energy, Natural Gas, Biogas 3

(a) Which of the above sources of energy is the odd one out and why?

(b) Replace it with a source of energy so that all four are uniform.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.305 (a) 3

- natural gas

- It is not a renewable resource.

(b)

Hydro-electric energy/geothermal energy/atomic energy/ wind energy

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 208

 Chapter: Conventional power resources

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.306 Name the four types of coal in increasing order of carbon content. 2

Q.307 While trying to choose between two identical auto-rickshaws, Sunil said he will 2
buy the one which is relatively more eco-friendly. What makes the two auto-
rickshaws different?

Q.308 Why are thermal power plants located near coalfields? 1

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.306 peat - lignite - bituminous - anthracite 2

(1 mark for the 4 types, 1 mark for the correct order)

Q.307 The two vehicles may be running on different fuels. 2

- The one Sunil picked may have been running on Compressed Natural Gas.

- The one Sunil picked may have been electric.

(any one to be evaluated)

Q.308 to easily transport coal because it is a bulky material 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 209

 Chapter: Different minerals

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.309 Purva, who lived in Odisha, askedher father why the soil in their area was red in 2
colour. He said it was due to the presence of a mineral.

What mineral is he talking about? Name another Indian state that has the same
mineral deposits.

Q.310 (a) Why is mining considered a dangerous occupation? (2) 3

(b) What can the government do to keep miners safe? (1)

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.309 iron 2

Chhattisgarh/Karnataka/Maharashtra/Goa/Jharkhand

Q.310 (a) 3

- Inhalation of fumes makes miners vulnerable to pulmonary diseases

- Collapsing mine roofs/unstable land, fires are other occupational hazards

(b) Governments can enforce safety regulations.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 210

 Chapter: Conservation of minerals

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.311 In order to conserve our mineral and resource wealth, we need to look beyond 1
just adopting renewable forms of energy production.

In this context, which of the following is INCORRECT?

A. In certain regions, reuse of scrap metals is also a viable alternative.

B. A sudden transition towards renewables might result in an employment
crisis.
C. The feasibility of renewable energy production varies depending on the
location.
D. Economic and developmental benefits associated with renewables are
far lesser than non-renewables.

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.312 The Earth's crust is made from minerals and geological processes make these 3
minerals usable to us. Yet, minerals are considered a non-renewable resource.
Why?

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 211

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.311 D. Economic and developmental benefits associated with renewables are far 1
lesser than non-renewables.

Q.312 - Although the Earth's crust is made from minerals, the geological processes that 3
make minerals usable to us take millions of years.

- The rate of consumption of minerals however is taking place at a rate much

faster than their formation.

- At some point, we will run out of minerals. This is why it is considered a non-
renewable resource.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 212

 Chapter: Importance

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.313 Why was industrialisation considered a way to reduce regional disparities? 2

Q.314 What is the contribution of the manufacturing industry to India's Gross Domestic 1
Product compared to other East Asian countries?

Q.315 In a country that is primarily focused on agriculture, industries are not required. 2

State whether this statement is true or false and why.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.313 - Industrialisation provided employment opportunities that helped people move 2

away from agriculture.

- Establishing industries in tribal and backward areas would increase

employment and reduce poverty.

Q.314 India's contribution is much lower than that of other East Asian countries. 1

Q.315 False 2

- Agro-based industries provide products like pumps, fertilisers, pesticides,

machines and tools, etc., to the agriculture sector thereby increasing
productivity.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 213

 Chapter: Types of industries

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.316 Classify the Dabur honey industries on the basis of: 1

- raw materials

- their main role

- ownership

A. animal-based, key industry, public sector

B. mineral-based, key industry, private sector
C. agro-based, consumer industry, private sector
D. agro-based, consumer industry, cooperative sector

Q.317 "The textile industry in India is self-reliant and complete in the value chain." 1

What is meant by this?

A. The textile industry funds itself through foreign investments.

B. The textile industry values its products based on Indian markets only.
C. The textile industry's value chain is the longest in the Indian economy.
D. The textile industry is not dependent on any other industries for raw
materials.

Q.318 The Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF) is a dairy farmers' organization which sells 1
milk products throughout the state of Karnataka. The milk is collected from
farmers, who are members of this initiative, processed and sold in the market
under the brand name 'Nandini'.

Source (edited): Wikipedia

Which of the following sectors would KMF fall under based on ownership of the
industry?

A. Joint sector
B. Public sector

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 214

 C. Private sector
D. Cooperative sector

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.319 Certain industries can be classified as a basic or key industry as well as a 3

consumer industry. Explain the statement by defining the two types and giving
an example.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.316 C. Agro-based, consumer industry, private sector 1

Q.317 D. The textile industry is not dependent on any other industries for raw 1
materials.

Q.318 D. Cooperative sector 1

Q.319 A basic or key industry is one that produces raw materials to manufacture other 3
goods.

A consumer industry produces goods that are directly sold to the consumer.

E.g. paper is used as a raw material for a notebook manufacturing company but
can also be sold directly to the customer.

(any other valid example can be accepted)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 215

 Chapter: Industrial Regions

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.320 Mention the factor that MOST likely influences the location of these industries: 3
(a) Industry located near a major port

(b) Industry located near a dam that generates hydro-electric power

(c) Industries located near mines

Q.321 Suppose you are a budding industrialist in British India. You own a cotton mill 1
that exports high-quality yarn to Britain. What kind of geographical feature
would MOST LIKELY determine the location of your industry?

Q.322 Large factories were set up in an area near a big city. Eventually, that area also 2
became a city. Explain this phenomenon.

Q.323 Why are most iron and steel plants located in eastern India? 2

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 216

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.320 (a) Market 3

(b) Power and energy source

(c) Availability of raw material

Q.321 Coastal area/near a port 1

Q.322 - Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. 2

- Cities provide markets and services like banking, insurance, transport, labour.

Q.323 - low cost iron ore 2

- availability of other raw materials

- cheap labour

- vast market

(any two to be evaluated)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 217

 Chapter: Major industries

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.324 Which of these explains why India produces high-quality cotton yarn but low- 1
quality cotton fabric?

A. Cotton fibres used for spinning yarn are imported from other countries.
B. Woven cotton fabric is meant only for export to low-income countries.
C. Weaving looms are not advanced enough to use high-quality yarn.
D. There is a larger market for yarn than fabric.

Q.325 Which of the following may be located near an oil refinery? 1

A. Aluminium smelting industry

B. Organic chemical industry
C. Cement industry
D. Jute industry

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.326 The demands created by one industry often help create demand in other, 1
related industries. Explain this statement with regard to the cotton industry.

Q.327 The Government of India launched a campaign that banned plastic shopping 2
bags. Explain how this might have solved one of the challenges faced by the jute
industry in India.

Q.328 Which industry is used to assess the level of industrialisation in a country? 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 218

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.324 C. Weaving looms are not advanced enough to use high-quality yarn. 1

Q.325 B. Organic chemical industry 1

Q.326 Demand in the cotton industry creates a demand in: 1

- chemicals and dyes

- packaging materials

- engineering units

- any other relevant point

(any one point to be evaluated)

Q.327 - The jute industry in India faces competition from synthetic materials produced 2
globally.

- A ban on plastic and a shift towards biodegradable materials might have

increased demand for jute and helped overcome foreign competition.

Q.328 Iron and steel industry 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 219

 Chapter: Environmental Damage

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.329 (a) Give a detailed account of how the industrial sector causes air pollution. 5
(b) Mention any two ways to prevent this.

Q.330 Eutrophication is a phenomenon where a water body gets overloaded with 6

nutrients and ideal conditions are created for the overgrowth of algae. This leads
to a loss of aquatic life among other effects.

Explain the two different types of pollution that may result in eutrophication
and the major industries that cause it.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 220

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.329 (a) 5

- Gases like sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide are released into the
atmosphere.

- Factories sometimes release air-borne particles like dust, sprays, mist, smoke.

- Factories are also prone to toxic gas leaks which can be fatal.

(b)

- treating fumes to remove harmful substances before releasing them

- using clean fuel and energy sources

- developing technology with less wastage

(any two points to be evaluated)

Q.330 - Water pollution 6

- Release of organic and inorganic chemicals

- fertiliser industries, textile dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries, etc.

- Thermal pollution

- Release of water of higher temperatures into water bodies

- factories and thermal plants

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 221

 Chapter: Roadways

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.331 Cabinet ministers were trying to formulate the infrastructure plans for the next 5
ten years. A minister was explaining why roads are GENERALLY more
advantageous than railway lines.

Explain his possible arguments.

Q.332 Rohan was travelling on the Sher Shah Suri Marg from its northern starting point 1
to its southern ending point.

Where was he travelling to?

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.331 - Roads are cheaper to build than railway lines. 5

- Roads can scale high-gradient slopes, rough terrain and can traverse
mountains.

- For the transport of a few people or goods, roads are the more economically
viable option.

- Since roads can reach most areas, door-to-door service is possible, thus
reducing the costs of loading and unloading.

- Roads provide links to other modes of transport like railways, airports, etc.

Q.332 New Delhi 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 222

 Chapter: Railways

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.333 Which of the following is the MOST favourable condition for the development 1
of metro rail transportation?

A. Moderate population density and dispersed settlements

B. Availability of freshwater resources in abundance
C. High levels of urbanization and dense population
D. Rugged terrain and undulating topography

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.334 The construction of railway lines in India had to overcome geographical barriers. 4
Explain how railway lines had to be modified or avoided in India's various
landforms by giving four examples.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 223

 Answer Key & Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.333 C. High levels of urbanization and dense population 1

Q.334 - The Northern Plains have a large number of rivers that had to be overcome by 4
bridges in order to build railways.

- In the hilly areas of the Indian peninsula, tracks had to be laid in low hills, gaps
or tunnels.

- The Himalayas was not a viable location for tracks due to the terrain and low
population density.

- The desert regions of Rajasthan and forest areas of Madhya Pradesh,

Jharkhand, etc.

- any other relevant point

(to be evaluated as a whole)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 224

 Chapter: Pipelines

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.335 Compare the use of pipelines in India today, with how they were used in the 2
past.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.335 - In the past, they were used to transport water to cities and towns and now 2
they are used in the transportation of crude oil, petroleum products, and natural
gas as well.

- In the past, only liquids and gases were transported through pipelines, and now
certain solids are also transported in the form of slurry.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 225

 Chapter: Waterways

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.336 Complete the analogy given below. 1

road: highway: water: ?

Q.337 Major seaports had to be built in India soon after independence, due to the 2
partition.

Explain this statement.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.336 waterway 1

Q.337 - Karachi port became a part of Pakistan after the partition. 2

- Kandla/Deendayal port in Kucch had to be built soon after independence to

ease the load on Mumbai port.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 226

 Chapter: Airways

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.338 Which of the following statements BEST describes airway transportation? 1

A. It is fastandefficient but it is pretty expensive which makes it inaccessible

to many.
B. It is cheap and affordable but not as fast or efficient as other modes of
transportation.
C. It is the safest and the most environment friendly way of travelling for
long distances.
D. It is convenient since it facilitates connectivity in every part of the world
irrespective of the terrain.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.338 A. It is fast and efficient but it is pretty expensive which makes it inaccessible to 1
many.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 227

 Chapter: Communication

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.339 Which of the following helped the MOST to strengthen the flow of information 1
at the grassroots level?

A. Internet
B. Telegram
C. Newspaper
D. Subscriber Trunk Dialing

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.339 D. Subscriber Trunk Dialing 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 228

 Chapter: Productionacross countries

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.340 Narasapur, a town in Andhra Pradesh is known for its handmade lace-making 1
cottage industries. Multinational companies employ women to make intricate
pieces of lace and fabric. These are either exported or used in the manufacture
of readymade textiles. For many women and families, this is the only source of
livelihood.

What is a possible disadvantage faced by the lace-workers of Narasapur?

A. Not being able to determine the prices of their services

B. Having no access to superior technology
C. Not having a factory space for their jobs
D. Having no access to big markets

Q.341 A chocolate bar is made by an American company. Today, it is manufactured in 1

India as well, at affordable prices.

Which of the following is responsible for this?

A. Demand for export

B. Complexity of production
C. Removal of trade barriers
D. Dispersal of production centres

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.342 A popular electronics manufacturing company recently set up factories in India, 3

Bangladesh, and Pakistan.

Mention any three factors that would have led the company to expand
specifically to these countries.

Q.343 How do the following groups benefit from a global market? 2

(a) Producers

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 229

 (b) Consumers

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.340 A. not being able to determine the prices of their services 1

Correct Answer Explanation:

In suchcottage industries, workers often have little to no control over the pricing
of their products. The prices are typically set by the multinational companies
that employ them or by market forces beyond their control. This can lead to
exploitation and undervaluing of their skilled labor. Thus, the correct option is 1

Q.341 D. dispersal of production centres 1

Q.342 - availability of cheap labour 3

- presence of favourable government policies

- availability of cheap raw materials

- access to large markets

- any other relevant point

(any three to be evaluated)

Q.343 (a) Producers have access to markets beyond their country's boundaries. 2

(b) Consumers have a larger choice of products to choose from.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 230

 Chapter: Foreign trade and integration of markets

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.344 Which of the following industries would have faced the largesttrade loss during 1
the COVID-19 pandemic?

A. Automobiles
B. Pharmaceuticals
C. Food and beverage
D. Domestic appliances

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.344 A. Automobiles 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 231

 Chapter: Factors that have enabled globalisation

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.345 Explain how the invention of aeroplanes has aided the spread of globalisation. 3

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

The four major components of globalisation and the effects of COVID-19 on

these:

1. Free movement of goodsand elimination of trade obstructions: Data by the

World Trade Organisation (WTO) for 2020 shows that there has been a 9.2%
decline in world merchandise trade when compared to 2019.
2. Free flow of capital: The pandemic has profoundly impacted the movement
of capital. The cross-border movement was halted due to the lockdown.
3. Transfer of technology: COVID-19 has widened the gap between nations with
technological advancements and those lacking them.

4. Free movement of people: Pre-COVID-19, the mass movement used to take

place in business, tourism and travel. The restrictions imposed due to the
contagious virus have crippled the idea of globalisation.

(Globalisation in the time of a pandemic, The Hindu, January, 2021; Edited)

Q.346 During the COVID-19 pandemic, explain how the lack of well-developed 3
technology could have affected the contributions of some nations to the global
market.

Q.347 State how the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected the following aspects of 2
globalisation:
(a) competition between producers

(b) job security of workers in multinational companies that manufacture goods

for export

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 232

 Answer Key& Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.345 - faster transportation of goods over long distances 3

- quicker movement of people across the globe

- cheaper costs of transportation

(any other relevant point)

(any 3 to be evaluated)

Q.346 With restrictions on the movement of capital, goods and people, the world had 3
to conduct business through virtual means. While some nations could
participate, others had a lack of access to the necessary technology. As a result,
they could not have been able to be a part of the global market.

Besides, some new innovations such as artificial intelligence restricted countries

with less technology to benefit from them.

(to be evaluated as a whole)

Q.347 (a) domestic producers may have faced reduced competition from foreign 2
competitors, but higher competition in the domestic sphere.

(b) low job security; they may have lost their jobs because the movement of
goods was restricted.

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 233

 Chapter: Liberalisation and FDI

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

The four major components of globalisation and the effects of COVID-19 on
these:

1. Free movement of goodsand elimination of trade obstructions: Data by the

World Trade Organisation (WTO) for 2020 shows that there has been a 9.2%
decline in world merchandise trade when compared to 2019.
2. Free flow of capital: The pandemic has profoundly impacted the movement
of capital. The cross-border movement was halted due to the lockdown.
3. Transfer of technology: COVID-19 has widened the gap between nations with
technological advancements and those lacking them.
4. Free movement of people: Pre-COVID-19, the mass movement used to take
place in business, tourism and travel. The restrictions imposed due to the
contagious virus have crippled the idea of globalisation.

(Globalisation in the time of a pandemic, The Hindu, January, 2021; Edited)

Q.348 During the pandemic, there was a decrease in the free movement of goods 1
across borders. However, trade barriers in certain industries had to be lowered.

Give an example of an industry that may have faced liberal trade laws during
this time.

Answer Key& Marking Scheme

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Q.348 medical goods, pharmaceuticals 1

(any other relevant point)

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 234

 Chapter: Impact of globalisation on India

[Link] Question Marks

Multiple Choice Question

Q.349 In the past few years, the prices of electronic items like mobile phones and 1
laptops have reduced drastically. This is partly because electronic items are
imported from China.

In such a situation, which of the following categories of people would be the

MOST disadvantaged?

A. Indian consumers
B. Chinese consumers
C. Indian manufacturers
D. Chinese manufacturers

Answer Key & Marking Scheme

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Q.349 C. Indian manufacturers 1

Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 235

 Chapter: Fair globalisation

[Link] Question Marks

Free Response Question / Subjective Question

Q.350 How is globalisation unfair? Explain in detail with an example. 5

Answer Key & Marking Scheme

[Link] Answers Marks

Q.350 - Workers in developing nations are exploited with poor working conditions, low 5
wages and no job security.

- Workers in such situations do not get any protection or benefits from their
employers.

- Not everyone has equal access to the benefits of globalisation. People with
education and wealth have more opportunities.

- Small traders and manufacturers are facing stiff competition from foreign
firms.

- An example could be garment workers in India. They are made to work as

"temporary workers", and have to work long hours with low wages and no
benefits. While companies benefit from huge profits from cheap labour, workers
struggle to make ends meet.

(to be evaluated as a whole, any other relevant example to be awarded marks)

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Competency Focused Practice Questions | Social Science | Grade 10 237