Title

Bond Strength of Acrylic Teeth to Denture Base Resin After

Various Surface Conditioning Methods Before and After
Thermocycling

Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Three Different

Acrylic Resin and Artificial Denture Teeth with and without
Monomer Application

Bond strength of artificial teeth to thermoplastic denture base

resin for injection
molding

Effect of Ridge Lap Surface Treatment and

Thermocycling on Microtensile Bond Strength
of Acrylic Teeth to Denture Base Resins

Effect of pre-processing surface treatments of acrylic teeth on

bonding to the denture base
Evaluation of shear bond strength of repair
acrylic resin to Co-Cr alloy

Effect of Surface Treatments and Adhesive Materials on

the Shear Bond Strength of Artificial Denture Teeth to
Denture Base Resins

Comparative Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the

Shear Bond Strength of Two Types of
Artificial Teeth Bonded To Two Types of Denture Base Resins

Evaluation of the Bond Strength of Denture Base Resins

to Acrylic Resin Teeth: Effect of Thermocycling
Shear Bond Strength of Denture Teeth to Two Chemically
Different Denture Base Resins after Various Surface
Treatments

Microtensile Bond Strength of Different Acrylic Teeth

to High-Impact Denture Base Resins

Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength Between Denture Teeth and

3D-Printed Denture Base Resin
Bonding Behavior of Conventional PMMA towards Industrial
CAD/CAM PMMA and Artificial Resin Teeth for Complete
Denture Manufacturing in a DigitalWorkflow

Effect of surface treatments and cyclic

loading on the bond strength of
acrylic resin denture teeth with
autopolymerized repair acrylic resin

Shear bond strength between autopolymerizing acrylic resin and

Co-Cr alloy
using different primers

The effect of primers on shear bond

strength of acrylic resins to different
types of metals
 Method n Test

Various surface treatment (4 group) SM1

(control): No SM; SM2: application of a
microtensile
methyl methacrylate–based bonding
test at dry and
agent (Vitacol); SM3: air abrasion with 24(6)
thermocyled
30-μm
conditions
silicone oxide plus silane; SM4: SM3 plus
SM2

tensile strength
6 group - heatcure and self-cure acrylic
resin with and without monomer
three groups and six subgroups (Trevlon-
HI heat-activated/Trevalon heat-
activated/Trevlon-RR self-activated) 60(10)

12 groups (+1control) : polyamide,

polyester, and polycarbonate, PMMA Bond strength testing
teeth :no treatment, ethyl acetate, small / fracture pattern
T-shaped tunnel, and large T-shaped
tunnel 130(10)

4 groups (G1a - Clássico/with MMA

etching; G1b - Clássico/without MMA
etching; G2a - OndaCryl/with MMA thermocycling on the
etching; microtensile bond
G2b - OndaCryl/without MMA etching) 24(6) strength (mTBS)

18 GROUP acrylic teeth : control

(no treatment), grinding and grinding
plus sandblasting
denture base: heatpolymerized surface roughness /
and microwave-polymerized methods 90(5) bond strength
5 group : No
treatment; SP: flamed with the Silano-
Pen device; K: airborne particle abrasion
with Al2O3; Co: airborne particle
abrasion with silica-coated Al2O3; KSP:
flamed with the Silano-Pen device after
the group K experimental
protocol
Each of the groups were divided into two
subgroups (n=7) with water storage shear bond
(TC0) and thermal cycle (TC1) 70(7) strength (SEM)
4 groups (denture base: Heat-cured
PMMA/Thermoplastic acrylic compared
with/without acrylic adhesive
(cyanoacrylate) cured in
the microwave shear bond
40(10) strength

16 group - Two types of DBRs

(CAD/CAM-milled and heat-polymerized)
and two types
of denture teeth (acrylic and composite)
surface treatment into four subgroups
(n=10): no treatment (control), air
abrasion
(Alumina-blasting; AB), bur roughening, shear bond
and dichloromethane (DCM) subgroups 160 (10) strength

12 group - Three acrylic teeth (Biotone,

Trilux, Ivoclar) were chosen
for bonding to four denture base resins:
microwave-polymerized (Acron MC),
heat-polymerized (Lucitone 550 and QC-
20), and light-polymerized (Versyo.bond)
Twenty specimens were produced for
each denture base/acrylic tooth
combination and
were divided into two groups (n = 10):
without thermocycling (control groups)
and shear bond
thermocycled groups 120(10) strength
4 group -Two denture base resins, heat-
cured PMMA (Meliodent)
and light-activated UDMA (Eclipse), were
used in this study. A total of 60 molar
acrylic denture teeth were randomly
separated into four groups (n = 15),
according
to surface treatment: acrylic untreated
(group AC), Eclipse untreated (group
EC),
treated with eclipse bonding agent
(group EB), and Er:YAG laser-irradiated
eclipse shear bond
(group EL). 60(15) strength/failure mode

16 groups - according
to denture tooth surface treatment (no
treatment or surface treatment
recommended
by the manufacturer), denture base
processing technique and acrylic (SR-
Ivocap-
Ivocap Plus or Success-Lucitone 199),
and tooth type-composition at bonding
interface
(BlueLine DCL-PMMA, Portrait IPN-PMMA,
Phonares II-PMMA, Phonares Microtensile Bond
II-NHC) 48(3) Strength/failure mode

6 group - Cosmos
Denture – Biotone, n = 30, and Cosmos
Denture - Cosmos TEMP, n = 30. For
each
combination, the specimens were
randomly distributed according to the
bonding agent:
(1) autopolymerized acrylic resin-
Duralay, n = 10; (2) 3D-printed resin
Cosmos TEMP,
n = 10; and (3) methylmethacrylate
monomer (MMA) + 3D-printed resin
Cosmos shear bond
TEMP, n = 10, totaling 60 specimens. 60(10) strength
12 group - The bonding strength
between artificial teeth and PMMA
(Group A, n = 60), as well as between
the
PMMA and industrial PMMA (Group B, n
= 60), was investigated following no
treatment, monomer shear bond
application, sandblasting, oxygen plasma, strength (SEM)/
and nitrogen plasma treatment. 120(10) fracture mode

8 group - GD, ground control group; AB,

airborne-particle-abrasion group;
DA, diatoric recess group; BA, bonding shear bond
agent group /with or without cyclic strength (SEM)/
loading 80(10) fracture mode

shear bond
12 group - 60(5) strength

48 group- Specimens of each metal were

divided into 3 groups (n=48) and
received 1 of the following acrylic resins:
(1) heat polymerized
(Meliodent), (2) autopolymerized
(Meliodent), or (3) microwave
polymerized (Acron MC). The specimens
were then divided into 4 subgroups
(n=12) which received 1 of the following
metal primers: (1) Metal Primer, (2) Alloy
Primer, (3) Meta Fast, or (4) no primer shear bond
(control) 144(3) strength
 result

SM4 = SM2 > SM3 > SM1 methyl

methacrylate–based adhesive
showed the highest bond
strength

With and without monomer

application on high impact
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
resin and Heat cured resin it was
found that high impact shows
better bond strength.
Trevlon HI monomer shows a
greater increase in strength due
ethyl acetate treatment was
to the presence of cross-linking
ineffective for enhancing the bond
agents.
strength (p>0.05) between the
artificial teeth
and thermoplastic denture base
resin for injection molding,
whereas the T-shaped tunnel was
quite effective in this regard
(p<0.05).
The bond
mTBSstrength
values of sandblasted
of Biotone surfaces
artificial teeth to the
were significantly
denture base acrylic resins was
higher than those
not influenced of the
by the ground
polymer
surface and the
type, surface treatment or
control (P < 0.05) Combined
thermocycling.
(acrylic tooth and
denture base resin) cohesive
failures were disclosed
in all tested samples. Acrylic tooth
surface preprocessed
surface treatment with grinding
plus
sandblasting and processed with a
heat-polymerized
denture base provided the
greatest bond strength
between acrylic tooth and denture
base.
Thermocycling lead to a significant
decrease in shear
bond strength for air abrasion with
silica-coated aluminum oxide
particles. On the contrary, flaming
with Silano-
Pen did not cause a significant
reduction in adhesion after
thermocycling.
The use of cyanoacrylate adhesive
in combination with
microwave polymerization as a
repair technique displayed
better shear bond strength values
than other methods
AB and DCM application improved
the SBS for acrylic teeth with the
heat-polymerized
DBR when compared with the
untreated group, but none of the
surface treatment agents showed
significant improvement with
CAD/CAM DBR. All surface
treatment agents reduced the SBS
for
composite teeth with CAD/CAM
DBR while AB only increased the
SBS with heat-polymerized DBR.

1. Thermocycling significantly
decreased shear bond
strengths of Lucitone 550/Biotone,
Lucitone 550/Trilux,
and Versyo.bond/Ivoclar
specimens.
2. Shear bond strengths of
Acron/Ivoclar and Lucitone/
Ivoclar specimens significantly
increased after thermocycling.
3. In general, the highest shear
bond strength values were
observed with Lucitone 550 and
Versyo.bond acrylic resins
and the lowest with QC-20.
The two chemically different
denture base polymers showed
different
shear bond strength values to
acrylic denture teeth. Laser-
irradiation of the adhesive
surface was found to be
ineffective on improving bond
strength of acrylic denture
teeth to denture base resin.
Eclipse bonding agent should be
used as a part of denture
fabrication with the Eclipse Resin
System.

1. Among the Ivocap specimens,

BlueLine DCL and
Phonares II NHC had significantly
higher μTBS than
Portrait IPN to Ivocap Plus acrylic.
2. Within the Luctione 199
specimens, there was a
significantly
higher μTBS for BlueLine DCL and
Phonares II
NHC denture teeth with the
manufacturer-recommended
surface treatment when compared
to control surface.

Within the limitations of the

present study, it was possible to
conclude that the denture base
resin produced by 3D printing
(Cosmos Denture) presents
improved bond strength when
MMA + Cosmos TEMP is applied
as a bonding agent, for
both prefabricated Biotone and
3D-printed Cosmos TEMP
teeth. Furthermore, for the
Cosmos TEMP teeth, the bonding
agent Cosmos TEMP itself is also a
viable alternative with
satisfactory bond strength.
Within the limitations of the
present study, the monomer
application can be proposed
as the most effective surface-
treatment method to bond custom
artificial teeth into a milled PMMA
denture base, whereas nitrogen
plasma impairs the bonding
strength.
The use of a bonding agent and
the placement of a diatoric recess
in the denture tooth resulted in
1. γ-
higher
methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilan
bond strengths than grinding
e (3-MPS)
alone. Cyclic loading had no
in acetone impact
significant and 4- on the bond
methacryloxyethyl
strength of denturetrimellitate
teeth to
anhydride
the autopolymerized were
(4-META) repaireffective
acrylic
to bond
resin
autopolymerizing acrylic resin to
Co-Cr alloy, and
2 wt% of 3-MPS and 10 wt% of 4-
META were the
most effective concentrations for
bonding.
2. Commercial primers such as ML
primer, Alloy
primer, Monobond Plus, and
Metal/Zerconia
primer would probably be clinically
acceptable for
the improvement in shear bond
strength between
Co-Cr alloy and auto-polymerizing
acrylic resin

The metal primers were

associated with an increase in the
adhesive bonding of acrylic resins
to metal
alloys. The SBS of the acrylic resin
to the base metal alloy was
significantly higher than the SBS
to the noble and titanium
alloys.