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Introduction
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What is Puppet?
• Configuration management tool
• Idempotent
• Checks and only makes changes if required
• Puppet Code
• Based on Ruby language
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What is Puppet?
• Client-Server architecture
• Puppet Master
• Puppet Node (agent)
• Communicates over SSL
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Puppet Resources
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Puppet Resources
• Basic units that Puppet manages or interacts with
• Resource Types
• File
• Service
• Package
https://puppet.com/docs/puppet/latest/type.html
• Defined using parameters (attributes)
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Puppet Resources
• Defining a resource of file type
Syntax:
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Puppet Resources - Quiz
• Defining a resource of package type
• To ensure the httpd package is present on a system with the
version ‘2.4.6-45.el7.centos’.
How will the package be defined?
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Puppet Resources
• Defining a resource of package type
• To ensure the httpd package is present on a system with the
version ‘2.4.6-45.el7.centos’.
How will the package be defined?
2.4.6-45.el7.centos
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Manifests & Classes
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Manifests & Classes
• Resources
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Manifests & Classes
• Classes
• Collection of defined Puppet resources
• Contains variables and parameters
• Syntax:
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Manifests & Classes
• Puppet manifest
• File containing Puppet code
• .pp file extension
• Puppet code
• Evaluated and applied top-down
• Can be re-ordered using relationships
• Coding style
• Must use two-space soft tabs.
• Must not use literal tab characters.
https://puppet.com/docs/puppet/latest/style_guide.html
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Modules
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Modules
• Collection of related classes
• modulepath
• A list of directories that Puppet master checks for modules
puppet config print modulepath
• A directory structure that contains the manifests
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Modules
• init.pp
• Main class similar to the main() method in C/C++ and Java
• Contains a class name that corresponds with the module name
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Recap
Resources Classes Modules
• Basic building blocks • Collection of • Collection of classes
resources
• Defined using • Defines and configure • Defines and configures
parameters resources such as a specific technology
(attributes) files, packages,
services
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Lab environment
• Puppet Learning VM
• Self-contained environment
• Pre-installed with Puppet Enterprise
• Requirements
• Web browser e.g. Google Chrome
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Lab guide (http://<IP ADDRESS>)
• Personalization
Toggle Table of Content
Text size
Font
Color Scheme
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Lab 0 - Welcome
• Objectives
• Be familiar with the lab environment
• Learn how to use the Quest tool
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Lab 1 – Hello Puppet
• Objectives
• Explore Puppet resources
• Understand how resources are represented in Puppet codes
• quest begin hello_puppet
• Username: learning
• Password: puppet
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Lab 2 – Manifests & Classes
• Objectives
• Understand how Puppet manifest files are organized
• Create a module to manage 2 software package
• Validate Puppet codes using the parser tool
• quest begin manifests_and_classes
• Username: learning
• Password: puppet
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Lab 3 – Package, File, and Service
• Objectives
• Combine the use of resources to manage an application
• Be able to define dependencies among resources
• quest begin package_file_service
• Username: learning
• Password: puppet
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Variables
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Variables
• Replace hard-coded values
• Improve code readability and reduce errors
• Prefixed with a dollar sign ‘$’
• Value is assigned to a variable with an equal sign ‘=’
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Variables
• Value once assigned is fixed
• Cannot be modified or reassigned at run-time
• Variables must be defined before being used
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Templates
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Templates
• Replace hard-coded text files
• Text file with “dynamic” content defined using EPP tags
• Pass in variables at run-time using epp() function
• Embedded Puppet file
• .epp file extension
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Templates
• Usage: epp(‘module/template file’, ‘hash of values’)
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Templates
• pasture_config.yaml.epp /etc/pasture_config.yaml
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Class Parameters
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Class Parameters
• Comma-separated list
• Enclosed in parentheses ‘()’
• Optional
• Data type
• Default value
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Class Parameters
Variables Parameters
• Replace hard-coded values • Replaces hard-coded variables
• Assign values inside classes • Assign values at run-time
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Class Parameters
• Assigning values
• Treat the class like another resource
• Syntax:
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Class Parameters
• Example
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Roles & Profiles
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Roles & Profiles
Classes Modules Profiles Roles
• Collection of resources • Collection of classes • Collection of modules • Collection of profiles
• Defines and configure • Defines and configures • Defines and configures • Defines a desired state
resources such as files, a specific technology a technology stack for a system
packages, services
• file leaf • mod grass • profile::pasture • role::farm
• package soil • mod tree • profile::farm_animal
• service irrigation • mod sheep • profile::barn
• user farmer
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Roles & Profiles
Classes Modules Profiles Roles
• Collection of resources • Collection of classes • Collection of modules • Collection of profiles
• Defines and configure • Defines and configures • Defines and configures • Defines a desired state
resources such as files, a specific technology a technology stack for a system
packages, services
• package httpd • mod ssh::server • profile::base • role::prod_web_server
• file /etc/motd • mod syslog • profile::apache
• service httpd • mod apache • profile::monitoring
• mod zabbix • profile::security
• mod cis::apache_http
• mod cis::centos
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Roles & Profiles
• Role Role Role
• Contains only profiles
Profile Profile Profile Profile
Module Module Module Module
• Profile Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class
• Contains modules
• Can include other profiles Module Module Profile Module
Module
Class Class Class Class Class Class
Class Class
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Lab 4 – Variables & Templates
• Objectives
• Use variables to replace hardcoded values
• Use templates to implement reusability of static files
• quest begin variables_and_templates
• Username: learning
• Password: puppet
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Lab 5 – Class Parameters
• Objectives
• Use parameters in classes to replace variables
• Understand the value of writing configurable classes
• quest begin class_parameters
• Username: learning
• Password: puppet
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Lab 6 – Roles & Profiles
• Objectives
• Understand the usage for roles and profiles
• quest begin roles_and_profiles
