3
For
Section A Examiner’s
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided. Use
The total mark for this section is 50.
A1 Magnesium is best known for burning with a characteristic brilliant white light. The metal
itself was first produced by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 by the electrolysis of a molten
mixture of magnesia (MgO) and mercury oxide. Mercury oxide was added as an impurity
to lower the melting point of magnesia, and inert electrodes were used during the
electrolysis.
(a) (i) Davy obtained magnesium at the cathode.
Write an ionic equation to show how magnesium was formed at the cathode.
Suggest a reason why the magnesium was obtained as a mixture at the cathode.
ionic equation …………………………………………….
reason ……………………………………………………………………………
[2]
(ii) What product did Davy obtain at the anode?
Write an ionic equation for the reaction at the anode.
product …………………………………………….
ionic equation ……………………………………………………………………
[2]
(b) Table 1.2 below lists the natural abundances for the three stable isotopes of magnesium.
Table 1.2
24 25 26
isotope Mg Mg Mg
natural
78.99 10.00
abundance (%)
(i) Calculate and complete Table 1.2 with the natural abundance of 26Mg. [1]
(ii) Using the values in the Table 1.2, calculate the average relative mass for
an atom of magnesium. Leave your answer in 3 significant figures.
[2]
[Total 7 marks]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
A2 X, Y and Z are organic compounds from three homologous series. Examiner’s
Use
X can be converted to Y by oxidation.
Z and water are produced when X and Y react together.
Z is an isomer of ethanoic acid.
Mr of compound X = 32 Mr of compound Y = 46
Mr of compound Z = 60
(a) Using the information provided, complete the boxes by drawing the structures of X, Y
and Z. [3]
(b) Suggest a reagent in the laboratory that can be used to convert compound X to
compound Y.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1]
(c) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for compound X. Show the outer shell electrons only.
[2]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
(d) The reaction mole ratio for X : Y : Z = 1 : 1 : 1. Examiner’s
Use
Calculate the mass of Z produced when 100 kg of X reacts with 100 kg of Y.
[3]
[Total 9 marks]
A3
(a) A reactivity series can be established by measuring the voltage of simple cells.
The diagram shows a simple cell.
Results from cells using the metals tin, cadmium, zinc and copper are given in the table.
cell electrode 1 electrode 2 voltage / volts
(-) (+)
1 cadmium copper 0.74
2 tin copper 0.48
3 zinc copper 1.10
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(i) What is a simple cell? For
Examiner’s
Use
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(ii) Place the four metals in order of increasing reactivity and explain how you used
the data in the table to arrive at this order.
least reactive ………………………………………….
………………………………………….
………………………………………….
most reactive ………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[3]
(b) Cadmium is in the same group of the Periodic Table as zinc. Cadmium carbonate is
insoluble in water and reacts in the same way as zinc carbonate with dilute acids.
Cadmium sulfate is soluble in water.
Describe how you would prepare a pure, dry sample of cadmium carbonate, starting
from cadmium sulfate.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[4]
[Total 9 marks]
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For
A4 One of the main stages in the manufacture of sulfuric acid is the reaction between Examiner’s
Use
sulfur dioxide and oxygen to produce sulfur trioxide, SO3. The reaction is reversible.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2]
(b) The percentage yield of sulfur trioxide against temperature is shown in Graph 4.1.
Graph 4.1
Percentage yield of sulfur trioxide (%)
Temperature (°C)
(i) Using information from the graph, describe how the percentage yield of sulfur
trioxide changes with temperature.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1]
(ii) Using ideas about collisions between particles, explain how the rate of sulfur
trioxide production changes with temperature.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[3]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
(c) The enthalpy change of reaction (DH) for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur Examiner’s
Use
trioxide is ‘- 196 kJ / mol’.
(i) Use ideas about breaking and forming bonds to explain why the value is
negative.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[3]
(ii) Draw the energy profile diagram for this reaction, clearly indicating the formulae
of the reactants and products, and the enthalpy change and activation energy in
your diagram.
Energy
Progress of reaction
[3]
[Total 12 marks]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
A5 Graph 5.1 shows the solubility of sodium carbonate and sodium chloride in water at Examiner’s
Use
different temperatures.
Graph 5.1
sodium
Solubility (g per 100g of water)
carbonate
sodium
chloride
Temperature (°C)
The table gives the solubility data of sodium bromate in water at different temperatures.
Temperature
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
(°C)
Solubility
(g per 100g of 25 29 35 41 48 55 64
water)
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
(a) Use the information from the graph and the table to answer the following questions. Examiner’s
Use
(i) Determine the order of solubility of the three sodium compounds in water at
temperatures below 20 °C.
most soluble …...................................................................
…………………………………………………..
least soluble ………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) A student makes a comment about the solubilities.
‘Between room temperature and 60 °C, the solubility of all three sodium
compounds increases with temperature.’ Explain whether the student is correct.
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2]
(b) Aqueous sodium carbonate and aqueous sodium chloride are both colourless solutions.
An unlabelled bottle of a colourless solution has been found. You are told that the
bottle contains either sodium carbonate or sodium chloride.
Describe a chemical test you can perform to identify the contents of the bottle, stating
clearly the reagent(s) used and giving an equation for any reaction that occurs.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
[3]
[Total 6 marks]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
A6 Oxides of nitrogen in the upper atmosphere cause damage to the ozone layer. Examiner’s
Use
Nitrogen monoxide, NO, damages the ozone layer by reacting with ozone in a two-step
reaction.
NO + O3 à NO2 + O2 step 1
NO2 + O3 à NO + 2O2 step 2
(a) Use oxidation states to identify which element is oxidised in step 1.
element ………………………………………….
change in oxidation state …………………………………………. [2]
(b) One nitrogen monoxide molecule can destroy thousands of ozone molecules.
Use the equations for steps 1 and 2 to explain why.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
[2]
(c) Using the equations for steps 1 and 2, derive the equation for the overall reaction.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
[1]
(d) Oxides of nitrogen are removed from car exhaust emissions by catalytic converters.
In a converter, the oxides of nitrogen react with carbon monoxide.
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are produced and released into the atmosphere.
Suggest two potential environmental hazards that may arise from the car exhaust
emissions, should the catalytic converters fail to work.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
……………………………………………………………………………………………..............
[2]
[Total 7 marks]
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Section B For
Answer all three questions from this section. Examiner’s
The last question is in the form of an either/or and only one of the alternatives should be attempted. Use
B7 Ionisation energy is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or
ion. It is usually measured in kilojoules (kJ). The closer the electron to be removed is to
the nucleus, the higher the ionisation energy.
The ionisation energies for sodium are listed in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1
Ionisation energy number Energy needed (kJ)
1st 495.8
2nd 4562
3rd 6910.3
4th 9543
5th 13354
6th 16613
7th 20117
8th 25496
9th 28932
10th 141362
11th 159075
Source: [Link]
Typically, the nth ionisation of an atom or ion (X) can be expressed as:
Xn-1 à Xn+ + e
where e represents electron removed
Thus for the 1st ionisation of sodium:
Na à Na+ + e energy needed = 495.8 kJ
2nd ionisation of sodium:
Na+ à Na2+ + e energy needed = 4562 kJ
3rd ionisation of sodium:
Na2+ à Na3+ + e energy needed = 6910.3 kJ
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
(a) The electronic configuration for a sodium atom may be written as 2,8,1. Examiner’s
Use
State, in a similar way, the electronic configuration for a
• Na+ ion …………………………………..
• Na2+ ion ………………………………….. [1]
(b) Based on your understanding of ionisation energy and electronic configurations, suggest
why the value for the 2nd ionisation energy of sodium is much higher than the 1st.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
(c) (i) Write an expression for the 10th ionisation of sodium, in a manner similar to the
first three ionisations of sodium as shown in the given data.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1]
(ii) By considering the location of the electron to be removed, explain why the
value for the 10th ionisation energy for sodium is much higher than the 2nd to 9th
ionisation energies.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
Table 6.2 lists the 1st ionisation energy (in kJ) for the first twenty elements in the Periodic Table. Examiner’s
Use
Table 6.2
H He
1312 2372
Li Be B C N O F Ne
520 900 801 1087 1402 1314 1681 2081
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
496 738 578 787 1012 1000 1251 1521
K Ca
419 590
Source: [Link]
(d) Describe the trends in the 1st ionisation energy across a period and down a group in
the Periodic Table.
(i) Across a period:
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
(ii) Down a group:
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2]
(e) Explain why the 1st ionisation energy is generally higher for non-metals than metals.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
[10 marks]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
B8 Aspirin is a medicine that is used as a painkiller. It is made from salicylic acid. Examiner’s
Use
(a) A student makes a sample of aspirin. He thinks it contains some impurities.
(i) The student tests the melting point of his sample of aspirin.
Explain how he can use the result of the test to find out whether his sample
contains impurities.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2]
(ii) The student uses chromatography to produce a chromatogram.
He uses his own aspirin and pure samples of aspirin and salicylic acid.
The diagram shows his chromatogram.
solvent front
start line
student’s salicylic aspirin
sample acid
Is the student’s sample of aspirin pure? Explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2]
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For
(iii) In another chromatography using pure samples of aspirin and salicylic acid, the Examiner’s
Use
solvent was allowed to travel 9 cm from the start line.
Table 8.1
Substance aspirin salicylic acid
Rf values 0.56 0.654
Using the Rf values provided in Table 8.1, calculate the distance travelled by
aspirin.
[1]
(b) The student tests some aspirin tablets bought from a store.
He performs a titration using a crushed tablet and aqueous sodium hydroxide.
The formula for aspirin can be represented as COOH . The equation for the
reaction between aspirin and aqueous sodium hydroxide is shown below.
COOH + NaOH à COONa + H2O
Table 8.2 shows the results of the student’s titration.
Table 8.2
concentration of aqueous NaOH used 0.10 mol/dm3
volume of aqueous NaOH needed for neutralisation 15.90 cm3
relative molecular mass of aspirin 180
(i) Calculate the mass of aspirin, in mg, in one tablet. Leave your answer in 3
significant figures. (1 g = 1000 mg)
[3]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
(ii) Some tablets that contain aspirin also contain citric acid. Examiner’s
Use
The student does another titration using one of these tablets.
Explain why the mass of aspirin he calculates from his titration results is
incorrect.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2]
[10 marks]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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EITHER For
B9 A student carried out some experiments to place four metals, V, W, Y and Z in order of Examiner’s
Use
reactivity.
Table 9.1 shows the results.
Key ü shows a reaction happened
û shows no reaction happened
- shows the experiment was not performed
Table 9.1
metal V metal W metal Y metal Z
solution of V nitrate - û û û
solution of W nitrate ü - ü ü
solution of Y nitrate ü û - ü
solution of Z nitrate ü û û -
(a) Place the metals in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2]
(b) Metal Z reacts with nitric acid.
What would you see when metal Z reacts with nitric acid?
Explain your reasoning.
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
[2]
(c) The student carried out further experiments to place metal N in the list.
She used dilute nitric acid and samples of the metals.
She found out that metal N is the second most reactive metal.
Describe the experiments that the student carried out. Your answer should include
• the experiments that she carried out using dilute nitric acid and the samples of the
metals,
• the measurements that she made,
• how the results showed that metal N is the second most reactive metal.
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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……………………………………………………………………………………………............ For
Examiner’s
……………………………………………………………………………………………............ Use
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
[3]
(d) The five metals, V, W, Y, Z and N are extracted from their ores in three different ways.
Two of the metals are extracted from their ores by electrolysis.
Two of the metals are extracted by heating their ores with carbon.
One of the metals occurs uncombined.
(i) Suggest which metal occurs uncombined. Explain your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
[2]
(ii) Suggest the name of metal Z. ………………………………………………..
[1]
[10 marks]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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OR For
B9 Polystyrene and Kevlar are examples of useful synthetic polymers. Examiner’s
Use
Polystyrene is an addition polymer used as a foam material.
Kevlar is a condensation polymer used to make bullet proof vests.
(a) Describe the differences between addition polymers and condensation polymers.
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
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……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
……………………………………………………………………………………………............
[3]
(b) Diagram 9.1 shows the repeating unit of Kevlar.
Diagram 9.1
Source: [Link]
(i) Draw the structures of the two monomers that react to form Kevlar.
monomer 1
monomer 2
[2]
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For
(ii) During the manufacturing process, the chain length of Kevlar is controlled so that Examiner’s
Use
the Kevlar polymer molecules have an average relative molecular mass in the
range of 12 000 to 20 000.
Each (known as a benzene ring) is made up of 6 carbon atoms and
6 hydrogen atoms.
What is the range of the average number of repeating units in the Kevlar molecules?
Show your working.
[2]
(c) Proteins are also condensation polymers.
Diagram 9.2 shows the structure of a protein, which is made from two monomers.
Diagram 9.2
(i) Draw the structure for one of the monomers of the protein in diagram 9.2.
[1]
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
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For
(ii) Give one similarity and one difference between the structures of Kevlar (diagram Examiner’s
Use
9.1) and protein (diagram 9.2).
one similarity …………..………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
one difference …………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2]
[10 marks]
******************** End of Paper ********************
5073/Chemistry/Paper 2/2017 Prelim Exam
