Manipur

State

Lohtak Lake, around 30 km from the capital Imphal

Emblem

Country India
Formation 21 January 1972†

Capital Imphal

Districts 16

Government

• Governor Najma Heptulla[1]

• Chief Minister N. Biren Singh (BJP)[2]

• Legislature Unicameral (60 seats)

• Parliamentary Rajya Sabha 1

• High Court Manipur High Court

Area

• Total 22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi)

Area rank 24th

Population

(2011[3])

• Total 2,855,794

• Rank 24th

• Density 130/km2 (330/sq mi)

Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST)

ISO 3166 code IN-MN

HDI 0.695 medium

Literacy 79.85% (16th)

Official languages Meitei (Manipuri)[4][5]

Website [Link]

†
It elevated from the status of Union-Territories by the North-
Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971

Symbols

Emblem Kangla Sha

Language Meitei

Mammal Sangai (Rucervus eldii eldii)

Bird Nongin (Syrmaticus humiae)

Flower Shirui lily (Lilium mackliniae)

Tree Uningthou (Phoebe hainesiana)

Manipur (/ˈmʌnɪpʊər/ ( listen)) is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital.
[6]
It is bounded by Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south, and Assam to the
west; Myanmar (Sagaing Region and Chin State) lies to its east. The state covers an area of 22,327
square kilometres (8,621 sq mi) and has a population of almost 3 million, including the Meitei, who
are the majority group in the state, the Pangals or the Pangans (Manipuri
Muslims), Naga tribes, Kuki/Zo tribes and other communities, who speak a variety of Sino-Tibetan
languages. Manipur has been at the crossroads of Asian economic and cultural exchange for more
than 2,500 years.[7] It has long connected the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia, China (or East
Asia), Siberia, Micronesia and Polynesia, enabling migration of people, cultures, and religions.[8][9]
During the days of the British Indian Empire, the Kingdom of Manipur was one of the princely states.
[10]
Between 1917 and 1939, some people of Manipur pressed the princely rulers for democracy. By
the late 1930s, the princely state of Manipur negotiated with the British administration its preference
to continue to be part of the Indian Empire, rather than part of Burma, which was being separated
from India. These negotiations were cut short with the outbreak of World War II in 1939. On 11
August 1947, Maharaja Budhachandra signed an Instrument of Accession, joining India.[11][12] Later,
on 21 September 1949, he signed a Merger Agreement, merging the kingdom into India, which led
to its becoming a Part C State.[13][14] This merger was later disputed by groups in Manipur, as having
been completed without consensus and under duress.[15] The dispute and differing visions for the
future has resulted in a 50-year insurgency in the state for independence from India, as well as in
 repeated episodes of violence among ethnic groups in the state.[16] From 2009 through 2018, the
conflict was responsible for the violent deaths of over 1000 people.[17]
The Meitei ethnic group[18] represents around 53% of the population of Manipur state, followed by
various Naga tribes at 24% and various Kuki-Zo tribes at 16%.[19] The main language of the state is
Meiteilon (also known as Manipuri). Tribals constitutes about 41% of the state population(according
to 2011 census)[19] and are distinguished by dialects and cultures that are often village-based.
Manipur's ethnic groups practice a variety of religions.[20] According to 2011 census, Hinduism is the
major religion in the state, closely followed by Christianity. Other religions
include Islam, Sanamahism, Judaism etc.[20][21]
Manipur has primarily an agrarian economy, with significant hydroelectric power generation
potential. It is connected to other areas by daily flights through Imphal airport, the second largest in
northeastern India.[22] Manipur is home to many sports and the origin of Manipuri dance,[23] and is
credited with introducing polo to Europeans.[24]

Contents

 1Alternate names
 2History
o 2.1Medieval
o 2.2Imperial period
o 2.3Modern history
 3Geography
o 3.1Flora
o 3.2Climate
 4Demographics
o 4.1Population
o 4.2People
o 4.3Languages
 5Religion
o 5.1Hinduism
o 5.2Christianity
o 5.3Meiteism and Sanamahi
o 5.4Islam
 6Government
o 6.1Security and insurgency
 7Economy
o 7.1Electricity
o 7.2Agriculture
o 7.3Transportation infrastructure
o 7.4Tourism
 7.4.1Imphal (capital)
 7.4.2Lakes and islands
 7.4.3Hills and valleys
 7.4.4Eco tourism
 7.4.5Waterfalls
 7.4.6Natural caves
 8Education
 9Transportation
o 9.1Air
o 9.2Roadways
o 9.3Rail
 10Art and Culture
o 10.1Manipur dance (Ras Lila)
o 10.2Chorus Repertory Theatre
 11Sports
o 11.1Polo
 12Festivals
o 12.1Ningol Chakouba
o 12.2Kut
o 12.3Yaosang
o 12.4Khuado Pawi
o 12.5Cheiraoba
o 12.6Gaan-Ngai
 13Notable people
 14See also
 15References
o 15.1Bibliography
 16External links