Ne The KS Aigsborg ridge frvlem, Ka agelaury 20 Srlved WY Leonard Euler 1796. hei In Sejek Rushey Here O0L eprelanhe Sy. 7 Twa GL. Theoe Hea Setamae one alse connecked tu Danbs, Ah eer yypetal a thenoelues, 4g gyount Co The friblom dar ty tart Room te semcag tats BCD | ne rnc te Dak pv cork te Mover wridges exactly once Onde 4 tome vook H he Atortivg fed. Ts tear Foc bee =! 4 Two frblemy Mae wlved by lenand Entar V4 ene 4 drama berating Zhe. Physical failem té a gett. | , p 0B tor Ana te Rl ever voll arctton. nthe Pasty] a 4 amr theory F if ¥ : Eynlo proved teat “3s not Postle Salk ae opoakly once an vetum th the Monles | » (eg) % Sry O&O) 4c mation) bul e consist 4 fan finite wets ¥ wo B, hon Vis a Ron ] pry Ack Ve SvrYervar 3 Oe (dua dns votives ama © ef Cy ayy CW te edges, amd FE ALD te eaqeens font function, gnevoty domed fo4 gee ors <> ahioh mpties ee 15 Re vA Oa My ‘So, meas Ge WE) ol Ve hy, Moya EsS Oy, 0y Cy, lg Ccy 5 6 A genby Swd Sw 4 Shea-thod the rwwnbor OF edges in o Ample Gob, HH nvakces Ow enced nn. Rass Ku Gb Ob adyts: FY ae) = ae 2 a simple Qyrth @ithn Vatices coy Y%oPry 9 Pond @ he 2 AM) + AMa) +- +A) = 20 A Since Ge a Simple Gunpa » thuehore ACH) Sn-4 Levy 7h diva A0%) +--+ ACV) <2e (nay +n) +° ~+ @-1 7 2e ov, n(n-l) 7 2e > eg not The Shao teak Penis graph aoe pn vectives cored & abr) edges Be Gane Oe Gere Canepitc , do muck be m Ambler Gerhy tay no leo / edge Tunefon, evry volix Lae exactly (n-) adjocent varices. th, deg every verti, I Ee actly (0-1) Stroe trie Gt 1 vabiies &, Gum Of OU degnes OF votives HK awe 20> n(n) DL Tre warinum mo edges in a imple connected pePh itn tk & Ld) enr-1) vertives. la & be a Simple, connected gr~ph atk nN vearces F Ginoe BE Propre 2% Comte bo, Thovebere, there endcte ovdy one 2d9e beloany Co, martina no edges in & te Mey = eG» land Povetat a Able Grabh, uh (n7,2) varies fro oWlenak, tem vortices OY Somme depe Qe we vs enirder tre vaties V1. 92 -,9n wo. nae Simple , co : foe no Use or Porat} edge. Wie no.6h edges nddent te % Ay of Aw) Li ,veliry Noa we shoot with contradiction, iy no tur Vatices In & hove Lome deprece. henove AC#i) Ae Values alt Aiatinek fn the “steqers 0/12, -- Ql) Soy veut one voto y, fan degree net te, Alw,)>n-3 Thin mem thin volig %c @nnected WOH other Valin Attu Graph. spore should vot ve omy vay Se degree 0, SU's 0 contradict. = Honce there Mudl epict otlenak tun vabices dk Came deqreer ue Trainees oa oe catia omsy te VOALEShe Mo nts tan HM cad 0 expe if pee a ae Nes : ce cme an Heh Ge Aled a Shannivg- ewo graph «a Veuy 2 VO) dy ob vecices oh G Ont Proumblin afm a dyapr. The Cowplement of o Gone qrokh & 4 omotinen fi mg tes Groh whieh Par Same voll st oo} & wun a Condition that i Hu okies Wo are rdjncent ta 6 Hun Hay mat be nen- a _ nae A ¢ as awy'n & + AW) & = in eo K Wan Bete a a we Cone Srmf te) , bn mundo Ye adjacent to reas jas mplion by beh Be compurnt ee tonnecked % (h-i-K) vorkicss 19 » : Cwatt Sn Other Dds vic uot 4 G, v muad be Gruect22 % (n-l 1) voui ces in @ ey dwn G7 AIK D anak «m byyo At rm & + 4) me Viswonmected Sprapr2 dene mnnecked gor "8 5 farmed bY tn OF mare connected Grabhs. J swhgraps ced. cmfonent Gtr f kiDeh® Walle s Patty, Crete, Civevir = a A. alk “my 0 gmp Gis & Finite ond altarmating Arquence Os vertices © ene pwd ending WU vortices . ov, e fm exarple, of AUK S 471,892, %, &, 3h Yuve 1s Unttiok vox & %> fo deminal vei - Se Langit oh the above ales 3 Longih. % Bale: The no os edges tw poik denclés tee tensile Of mrs athe show K dosed Rat 95 the initial and denwianal values of Ge Aa ciincide Anon we coded ohwreiise Ober. Trl Sn oper wow, atth no vepeated edges 8 oy th. Refi > dn open Ralie satin no vepented vortices Ts % Padte A par “ec Alooys a bal, but cornarse ts wat almoys one oa obviously ‘ vertices are not repeated “iva Poth, there 96 Wo quectear. Yepertin & edges. Bul veatices me be repeated athont repeating 4145 P210r/ Fa, €5, Yat —% frat But rot & pois, [nto Ys repented but edge not] Greuits A cased triad is 0 Grud ov, 0. esed conik ‘inv Which no edges ref cate] Che A clesed fate 15 an Oycle. oF a Cesed MAUL In hic! no vortices pertes FA cydle Xs alnoys % Grreutth but converse VE hore auimonys tue A ctosed natk £0 5 Cn Vor Cy 4, 4, Poets HS eZ Prt § Po, Oar 3 Om Ma Trcd 49 (2% 12% 4/04, 895, Caveuik 4B, 04, 9a,bs,0sh — Ne cdot MYCE S, Frei No vepented ye 4 eroull pshave no VOMTax ontcebt fev? Pai No Yebenked Vurline trtctiod Ree vertices ne repealed 4) Re (Hs) Es, % 9% GhCo, 95,2, 71 R98 ea dee oy out mad a r pee acted Fee ae Be woe O Tne oa nae toe To votes of THe gape, then ie SS uannaled jodhuro' Lotennerted as 4 trun the distance Dietonce bet 2 varki ese Sf G1 be % qnpr(arnede Dn Ae oy tv ods WAY HH te Me length the ahora 6 yds denoted by Alusd) - en Dinnpubie of a Comet geod: % 1 °% a taronecbed rp thew ; yin Akane bet@een- omy tun verleas wee popes He engi toe oe ae Ts denstes by Lol) \ vs valyivayein’ be chance Arorbeat pate ek vz dim (0) > 4 = Naapeat fate RAY? LNG ul «tre | ~ si ed WAT meng them pf, diOy G ben fate pak tm me vote | GW fate seb U Rw > whore fuye(2- { Sodphpose. von volta gf U fas ene 3, wshihe pe weston oh Vy tah dagres” “hon 4. Yoo many verbees of 6 fave MG is E mares} este |eaalO Ww ; ie e ee, Sine omy ie a 6, ees) | \ t paak Ar Non ths % ve totx anes Ay trhl AG by mh eye : 1 doa Now Kit W has % Ay 4 Cc oO x : bei Repay hare a x x (eeveoey * / s it AOE wv, oY, & | pee ieave iaices! ot 2 therikve 6 hae f iWe iu rer eee qrebh wid n vention’ Heit edger. at w be The mods edges, Pe eee gee | G, ne need Wo prow bt myn-} —y a) pees ce ma0, the Hobh Connsts Hy only one Tsolales vole ij nes. 1 CusteD hen med , the gape censisls onty one edge, tufore =. thins W follsms. Uy me 4% ab : Sines kor “wttial valrs6\, am, the Test spate geod, be Lek oe Ceeiae Tene bor omy rbihony ro of edged mr bey mynd a> wh Has Poppe Masts UU Oe Or hon wy fre O Bmpr uk mrs, ther Ava | deve 5 ott 1 na Coven - Go, et Ge O PAPA itn (mri) edges, LA needa She® m+7-n-\] Pear @ be Om edge out of Ht Nom 6\e rai be 0 sulsaraphy HO sone Lom Gi fae ry edges WO n vorates- | Have tun GS Anay SRA , | ca GIT Cmnected » Ms po, thors Joy oor befeie ) yeouwt holds Yood for m ebge Re mpned 7 wert RST wy oud Gite Auonnected , 40% ut Gi edges On with | my, 1k aoe rebate | nuh m1 2 My v 2 & mtmhen Seo Me en Ee a te tea wceswitrie Free ter VOR is Pees er 7 meu emay, (Ut Ma) 2 u, my n-2 ay mai ns connedtad Graph Site vortices G Anas not have-tny Hence tee res WR GM exceed yo. The wa oh edges ‘nw Gone yh n, vertices. Then thie vex be Comected Eee nei Oe odsrar cocky Gin vertices sy odd Ache aeies pining teat Gov veatl ces. PB % & gmbh dane arnak crise & paleJ (CDetormines the harlot bath beeen Tun 9 path, bekOeen un F . Pe ae 0 , > diver vatias) Pe at Dylans "te wees A \g wacightea row ony of The Off Ae ont asi qb igned horteat prtty Mould be a prik hick weans We Lh a fomticular odght Thr 4 wmalluat poste RAT Seappose vi ond ¥} ve tor verted fun ont conected by on edge Cy - Tiiangs oncaees 2 ey alt ve devoted by Wij. The Steps of the ager thnv: The algortnen 4 an wornive process which foltoms "« Atebs wrerlioned dour Wl Aa Beundle, ot by dvcardivg Wael Lenps iy ontsts OW alp dlocond ol parallel edges mong Teak Of et oYherr 2 Find ansrect pale petmeen Yr & Ys im G: vo BI id bb Go, obten ate T ee i ae ae sup Ty ir Ah DE folloa om enol veheme me -Labellivgy Whe arkices. Ghpwtnng VOREK ok the Forth vy ie Labelled pormranertly ts 2 awd Yen Binns, vortien One Labeled & 0 bumy wre, Nom once a Veakte Fpermonerctlig- Beas svroiert we feces labied years : tpcly Aviosg wort Beeps new vorteic 'S labeled Sap Nemd Meh ontands , 4 formant wr Le yon wes en VE Aabelted 02 Pods lacheme % = amin Label of preeeding atebs Fonmanart saloal os verina 9345] “in, the receedy |. there “Jp is te aati shod Awe yeon Aabtled fomantntny, ip the Aeminal voltye zs | Dep. Tes Step “ie WoO rabeoted watt De ready formancobti, Jabelied -Ya Vs Soae 2 0 e win [0,044] witn[90,0-+0] win (0,043) mtn [0,0 salen ojo oat 0 =o -# ae mint, 143] min (0, 1-+a) Yn foo 48) Men [p, $43] mine, 9 ; 4a) i) ee +14) ed Alleaaraleve win(s0,448) “n (10/442) bron [4,440] Ln (6442) ee 29 A] a nervy [32,44 im (e6 /449) mils ard Pe las, x JE] min [12,5+3) men] ,6+2) 3 x x x x “ a + “ ‘ oc x SB min [3 /4-+2) >(@] % x . | a x x % x L | SbF Tn, the Auve table, dooioat te dtep hore the terminal verlie Op fe ormavenbly. Jadled B/ Aw atedp- VE thm Aes, dbroight> pri ght almug. Lc, Gtumn, ,Aearch shure the valued got Changed . SHE changed tmmediaty Sn te Ath trum Wa thie dbebT fed NADIE OD each forthe Eo, uch, oe pormancecbhy Anbelled City indide box). Wire ik 3¢ Wg Tem Selden Hy In te Oestved Ahoveat Fath - ’ ¥ 1 logy: process untill you wach te Bebe DIynleack Mlcps dkech vepentl vy ME PONS Fea a dtob venti Oo hath by Vo Pete teat ctaen rons, OFF, ee tng: Oe gt 0% cores i! ton dearred dhoteel path ae aoe pose 1s Coe le eRapasonteslie te Src: : — diospromvetic 4 ore a) : Butho) repre one Sane : pees Uimilid waefubrsss 00 Us ony patie Ronee ; meas ties Oe poole Whey Be brelor the 1 Tee ae mabix comer ward + Yebreatnk grabho for oe i By ce opis ae MF Ta ok papa from nlgebade print A 1: ma prereset Typo 4 ary vepreaurd edions ‘ a Then ona asienty fan ype awnatn% ee iow 6 PAphs. Mince hari 2 Sane fer divected apy Dy, ov divested Grohe bor undivecked apr jvuted Grpr- RN 6h Inirdence_Mahix Cunaivects Sraph} : ar AN ES be on undirected qeiphy vith, no Selplotpos: Aasiorty Bap.) Ink wd feat B7AC 2m dence matix & wn pore E> § ad wpm 4% trom tue ence %s am nx Varvoony poabix whase w TOS Coreapord Gerreapords to edges , such that aneident » wil % ay 25 3% eee ao coe oe Peg eo oe a Bt aR oo atoage et |KO @..4 vA 2 rAlclanon | Uecu rts Obsernvabisws + Eitror Sor 0, & Vnary dag if eqnad by te depree of ta. Correa por dlny werlin a voix - edge “s “incident ter exackty jhe entries $ 16) 4s 1, The vumboor f {i fin ooh 100 “e 3. Awa ality a o/s corvteyondn te Orv Lsolare. Ae Every Ustumy Oh, Tey Are exactly 2 15, a0 very Eu orice’ - Z et Se Ty tum columns sy TCA) om sdentient tine trp Hear twa dyes, ont ‘pervade 6 Uamnukntion Os ony tun 00s/cbums tqrrtehords “a velabelling, the varices he Rasp Drom cin. Grph- Greveatondi ‘ aamnk T)= Ni Here TG) bane Froas 8 lesley, tree 008 wvertices, val 6 Oe vs\! | a Mis of dn docowation + OE % not posfilole that ‘Ww ow yo Incidence annbrx , No column Com RAVE RU DEDS us tnby . V a Me Anermingitee .ea dyaleni fap men Be tbh shes SS eae at mnin 3S &(ae Vii? Nol y \ My : Gs a BAY Adyaceney Magix (vive: 2 gp Vs 2G VER be a daected Graph with no trvallet Ages having verling Ack ey mavix of this abr Az {QiiVanen if an nxn Gina those both N-TemS XR retstumns Crrveapond the nvortices — uy Vibe Ane initial vax of an edger Ky be the tevmonal verte Bis Gases) 13.0 See taond fhe ady ancen mabyix & the ar a Mathes J Ab? br: A von % gf A@: “f Ramon Malo 4} oye! Mavi 0° % wove RMS Ado: Bind snare ture OA omy rv correaponacs to #6) 4 ° “1 0 A va Ys eon ascymeermic sous Ms 2° we oo-- o--¢ re x i Pesci acre i Y ou agnpe an 'S pee ars seen e Yq 2 o wmabrix Oy te gnuary OY a toh Find The “Aj Acenoy st: 6 Dd op Bn ON) aioe 0} pice? 8 ans Aajouaray WA oy Bazomnested ot be tery, % . fejoenls Cuccamicg wat Gb ny dohonnerted ay aut to Th, tHe adjacency mAbrx A % o bow Bogor foowe a AG eve day) 0? agg Oh Pye et ° oe a art IG aa Bre a) y k Neg praein Proto aes igh eS 9 a, PS Kanal © ! . v a9) ole ‘| Vy 3 ‘ve \ % a3 ica 0} vo ; Mi oO Ano! ne A ew wees | 8S pestis 8 © ° A) ome ah. SAL ces 0° f % Vy Vi %9, wale Oy 0 Sh EN oN i A pac. 2 VOD exe wot vy" nae ONG os Mane vlto} © wv @ aeons vio OO. a Yoh Pind a4ya y i a aS Nu No. aes SAY OY Saks anagere HY i DB pe Ge vot possibke vi Yo Ma Ag ° ne 035 v4 ; cTwo graphs G, > {Vr 6S A Gz LV Erk ome seid to be hae tune ess ov Vijective mapping betmeen VURV, 90 WH an cel ue SMO Yn be the mapping, Tun 4 (i) 4 ammat be Lyective key one-one & ove (in 95 Sv¥ivey ve om edqein E1 ten § Foro frvand be om edge mE, Tsomorphic Lyalaatoml + | The propor ty shored by grrpné Gy and Gq whieh One “\comosphéc te cated ‘icemorpric. twadiank. Tey oe 8 follosas: (iy [viz [yp] a, numboor Oh vertices an Gy, wd by Me Morro, BC Werle ted, number G, edges in Gy avd G, ant ome. & deg (91) > deq CH) ey he degree aoquence preanved . WH) yy Aye a S44 Lob Then §-for,0, frvayy ie alee a aif Aap. $ Tan Gmph> Gy mar Grp ave tsomerphic ity trey “incidence wwbrites (Or) 27 (Ga) com be obtained by fertorming of rr0/Crtumnpen a . % oy . Mi Nod * Shed that volloming qrapho we Kcomasphic © ee e ‘ey ie NnEr & Gr- 2 Vy, Fh We ) Me S&S eit . . ea Va, SoG Prompt Dro onrance 1 2 leyle 5 = 1 eal cave mapper, 12%! Iiti= 4 = Vol > Nem we need ts irndentify a by dequene rence preoewed - $epns uy , ft¥e)= 42> f19)2U,, F094)? 4 Sy deg (71> eG fear) = deg CH) dey (92)- dey (402) > 8 Cus) dey (oye Oy (hosgy> dey (9) ley (oH) > dee (Pd) aa, ew new A the ed goa bee 7 Mig tabe (Miah? ce hee tea) hee ¥ a 5 Feat ema as ac vy Pre fuss ats ae e i too 4% tags May Yat =F |