SYLLABUS FOR M.

A HISTORY
SEMESTER PATTERN IN AFFILIATED COLLEGES
2019 ADMISSION ONWARDS

M.A HISTORY COURSE STRUCTURE & MARK DISTRIBUTION

Semester Paper Title of the Paper Distributi Instructional Dur Maximum marks
Code on hrs/week ESA
hrs/Seme L P Hrs CA ESA Total
ster

HY 211 Historical Method – I 120 7 75 25 75 100

I HY 212 Indian History – I 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 213 Kerala History – I 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 214 Electives 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 221 Historical Method – II 120 7 75 25 75 100

II HY 222 Indian History – II 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 223 Kerala History – II 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 224 Electives 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 231 Issues in Historiography 120 7 75 25 75 100

III HY 232 Indian History – III 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 233 Kerala History – III 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 234 Electives 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 241 Indian Historiography 120 7 75 25 75 100

IV HY 242 Indian History – IV 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 243 Kerala History – IV 110 6 75 25 75 100

HY 244 Electives 110 6 75 25 75 100

Project 100

Viva-voce 100

L : Lecture; P : Practical; CA : Continuous Assessment; ESA : End Semester Examination

1
 MA DEGREE (HISTORY) REGULAR COURSE
SEMESTER SYLLABUS
(2019 ONWARDS)

I SEMESTER
HY 211 Historical Method – I
HY 212 Indian History – I (Formation of State and Society in Early India - upto 600
C.E)
HY 213 HY 213 - Kerala History – I
(Social Formations in the Pre Modern Period - Pre-Historic to 800 C.E)
Electives
HY 214 A Bronze Age Civilizations
or
HY 214 B Ancient Greece and Rome
or
HY 214 C Archaeology
II SEMESTER
HY 221 Historical Method – II
HY 222 Indian History II
(India in Transition - Medieval and Pre-Modern Periods - 600- 1700 C.E)
HY 223 Kerala History II
(Social Formations in the Pre Modern Period - From 800 To 1498 C.E)
Electives
HY 224 A Gender History with Special Reference to India
or
HY 224 B Archival Studies
or
HY 224 C History of Medieval Europe
III SEMESTER
HY 231 Issues in Historiography
HY 232 Indian History III (Colonialism and Indian Responses from 1701 to1947 C.E)
HY233 Kerala History III (Colonialism and Nationalism - From 1498 To 1956 C.E)
Electives
HY 234 A Modern Revolutions – English, American and French
or
HY 234 B Modern Europe from 1789 to 1914
or
HY 234 C The Rise of Modern China

2
IV SEMESTER
HY 241 Indian Historiography
HY 242 Indian History IV – Contemporary Period
HY233 Kerala History IV (Contemporary Period From 1956 To 2019 C.E)

Electives
HY 244 A Environmental History of India
or
HY 244 B Contemporary History of the World
or
HY 244 C Twentieth Century Revolutions

3
 HY 211 – HISTORICAL METHOD – I

Aim : The paper highlights the importance of history as a branch of knowledge.

Objectives

 To introduce the basic tools and techniques of research as distinguished from

methodology.
 To impart knowledge about the different sources and its importance.
 To make the study of history dispassionate and impartial.

Course Content

Module I: Importance of History

Nature and Scope of History – Meaning and Definition – Use and abuse of History

Module II: Relation with other branches of Knowledge

History as Science – History and other auxiliary sciences – Inter-disciplinary and Multi-
disciplinary approach

Module III: Sources and History

Nature of Historical Sources – Collection of Sources – Methods and Techniques – Card

system – Use of Index

Module IV: Documentary Sources

Primary Sources – Secondary Sources – Tertiary Sources – Audio – Visual – Digital

Module V: Non-Documentary Sources

Audio-Visual – Film – Digital – Oral – Ballads – Folk traditions – ‗Proverbs and Sayings‘

Module VI: Historian and Facts

Historical Facts – Causation- Generalization – Objectivity - Subjectivity and Bias

References:

 Alun Munslow, The Routledge Companion to Historical Studies, Routledge, London and
New York, 2000.
 Anatoly Rakitov, Historical Knowledge, Moscow, 1982, Progress Publishers

4
 Arthur Marwick, The Nature of History, Macmillan, Hongkong, 1985
 Arthur Marwick, The New Nature of History, Macmillan, Hamshire, 2001
 Beverley Southgate, History: What and Why?Ancient, Modern and Post Modern
Perspectives, Routledge, New York, 1998
 Brian Fay, Philip Pomper and Richard T. Vann (eds.), History and Theory:
Contemporary Readings, Mass. and Oxford, Blackwell, 1998
 C.Behan McCullagh, The Logic of History, London, New York, Routledge, 2004.
 C.Behan McCullagh, The Truth of History, London, New York, Routledge, 1998.
 E H Carr, What is History? Pelican, Great Britain, 1980
 G R Elton, The Practice of History,Fontana Paperbacks, London,1984
 G.E.M Anscombe, ‗Causality and Determination‘ in E.Sosa (ed.), Causation and
Conditionals, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1975
 G.R. Elton, The Practice of History, Flemingo, Great Britain, 1982
 J.L. Mackie , ‗Causes and Conditions‘, in E.Sosa (ed.), Causation and Conditionals,
Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1975
 John Tosh, The Pursuit of History, Longman, New York, 1984
 Joyce Appleby, Lynn Hunt & Margaret Jacob, Telling The Truth About History, WW
Norton & Company, NewYork-London, 1995.
 Kenneth Allan, A Primer in Social and Sociological Theory, Sage, USA, 2011
 M.C. Lemon, Philosophy of History, Routledge, London, 2006
 Martin Bunzl, Real History: Reflections on Historical Practice, Routledge, New York,
1997
 Michael Bentley, Modern Historiography, An Introduction, Routledge, NewYork,1999
 Peter Barry, Beginning Theory, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2009
 Peter Burke, History and Social Theory, Cornell University Press, New York, 1996.
 Peter Lambert and Phillip Schofield (ed), Making History: An Introduction to the
History and Practices of a Discipline, Routledge, New York, 2006
 Richard J. Evans, In Defence of History, Granta Books, London, 1977.
 W.H. Dray, Laws and Explanations in History, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1970

5
 HY 212 - INDIAN HISTORY - I
(Formation of State and Society in Early India- upto 600 C.E.)

Aim : The paper aims to provide the students with an insight into the early history of India in
its correct historical footing.
Objectives
 To introduce various sources and aspects of ancient history of the Indian Sub-continent.
 To unravel the evolution of Indian civilization.
 To understand the genesis of Vedic and heterodox religions, state and early social
formation.
Course Content
Module I : Sources of Indian History and Pre-historic Cultures
Sources – Literary, Archaeological, Numismatic and Epigraphical – Pre-historic Cultures –
Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic – Copper Hoards

Module II : Bronze Age Culture

Harappan Civilization – Theories of Origin – Features – Debates on decline

Module III : Iron Age Cultures

Early Vedic Age – Debate on Aryan Problem – Society – Polity – Economy – Later Vedic
Age – Expansion of Agriculture – Varna System – Social Stratification and caste system –
PGW & NBPW cultures – Megalithic culture

Module IV : Socio-Economic Formations - 6th – 3rd B.C.E.

State and Social Formations in the 6th Century B.C.E. – Second Urbanization and Emergence
of Heterodox Sects – Jainism, Budhism, Ajivikas, Charvakas – Foreign Contacts of Ancient
India and Development of Trade – Persian and Graeco – Roman contacts – Material Milieu –
Growth of Internal trade – Guild system

Module V : Age of Empires

Arthasasthra – Mauryan Polity and Economy – Asoka and Dhamma – Theories on the decline
of Mauryas – The Guptas – Land Grants – Urban Decay and Decline of trade – Debate on
Gupta Golden Age

Module VI : The Cultural Milieu

Education – Universities – Science and Technology – Ayurveda – Astronomy – Mathematics
– Geometry – Grammar – Art – Maurya, Gupta, Gandhara, Mathura, Amaravathi.

References :

 A.Ghosh, The Pillar of Asoka, Their Purpose, East and West, 1967.
 A.L. Basham, History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas: A Vanished Religion,
Luzac&co, London, 2003.
 A.Sundara, The Early Camber Tombs of South India, University Publishers, 1975.
6
 Aloka Parasher Sen, Of Tribes Hunters and Barbarians Forest Dwellers in the
Mauryan Period, Studies in History, 1998.
 Anuradha Jaiswal, Encyclopaedia of Indian Culture, World Heritage INC, New
Delhi, 2018
 Asim Kumar Chatterjee, A Comprehensive History of Jainism, Vol.I, From the
Earliest Beginnings to AD 1000, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi, 2000.
 B.D.Chatoopadhyaya, Coins and Currency System in South India, Munshiram
Manoharlal Publications, nd, 1977.
 B.N. Mukherjee, ―The Great Kushana Testaments‖, The Indian Museum
Bulletin,1995.
 B.N. Mukherjee, Kushana Studies : New Peraphres,2004
 Bhairabi Prasad Sahu, Iron and Social Change in Early India, Debates in Indian
History and Society, Delhi, 2006.
 Bhairahi Prasad Sahu (ed), Iron and Social Change in Early India, Oxford Indian
Readings , Debates in Indian History and Society, Oxford University Press, Delhi ,
2006.
 Bridget Allchin (ed.), Living Traditions, Oxford University Press, 1995.
 C. Sinopoli Ray, H.P. Archeology as History in Early South Asia, New Delhi, 2004.
 Catherine Jarrige , Jean Francois Jarrige (ed), Mehrgarh: Field Reports from
 Champakalaksmi R, Trade Ideology and Urbanization: South India 300 BC to 1300
AD, 1996.
 Chandrika Singh, Suraj Singh Sirodhya, Civilization Hinduism, Budhism & Vedic
Religion, Manas Publications, New Delhi, 2018
 D.D. Kosambi, Combined Methods in Indology & Other Writings, Oxford University
Press, 2002.
 Dilip .K. Chakrabarti, The Oxford Companion to Indian Archaeology: The
Archeology Foundations of Ancient India, Stone Age to 13 Century AD, Oxford
University Press, 2006.
 Dilip.K. Chakrabarti, A History of Indian Archeology from the Beginning to 1947,
Munshiram Manoharlal; 1988: Archeology in the Third World: A History of Indian
Archeology Since 1947, New Delhi; 2003.
 Dilip.K. Chakrabarti, The Archaeology of Ancient Indian Cities, Oxford University
Press, Delhi, 1995.
 Dilip.K. Chakrabarti, The Early Use of Iron in India, Oxford University Press,
1992: Everyday Lives , Everyday Histories.
 Dilip.K. Chakrabarti, The External Trade of the Indus civilization, Munshiram
Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1990: Indus Civilization Sites in India New Discoveries,
Mumbai, 2004.
 Dilip.K. Chakrabarti: Beyond the Kings and Brahamanas of Ancient India, Tulika,
Delhi, 2006.
 Dipankar Gupta (ed), Social Stratification, Oxford University Press, 1992.
 Edwin Bryant, The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture; The Indo – Aryan
Migration Debate, Oxford University Press, 2002.

7
 F.R. Allchin and Dilip K. Chakrabarti (eds.), A Source-book of Indian
Archaeology: Vol. I: Background, Early Methods, Geography, Climate and Early
Man, Domestication of Plants and Animals, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, India, 1979.
 F.R. Allchin and Dilip K. Chakrabarti (eds.), A Source-book of Indian
Archaeology: Vol. II: Settlements, Technology and Trade, Munshiram Manoharlal
Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India, 1997
 F.R. Allchin and Dilip K. Chakrabarti (eds.), A Source-book of Indian
Archaeology: Vol. III: Human Remains, Prehistoric Roots of Religious Beliefs, First
Steps in Historical Archaeology; Sculpture, Architecture, Coins and Inscriptions,
Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.; New Delhi, India, 2003
 G.L. Badamand Vijay Sathe, Paleontological Research in India: Retrospect and
Prospect: Memoirs of the Geological Society of India, New Delhi, 1995.
 George Erdosy, The Indo Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture
and Ethnicity, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1997.
 Gerand Fussman, Central and Provincial Administration in Ancient India: The
Problem of the Mauryan Empire, Indian Historical Review, 1988.
 Gregory L. Possehl (ed), Harappan Civilization: A Recent Perspective, Oxford
University Press, 1993.
 Gregoy Possehl, The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Vistaar
Publishers, 2003.
 H.N.Singh, Black and Red ware: A Cultural Study, Essays in Indian Protohistory,
B.R.Publishing Corporation, 1979.
 Haiden Farrell, World Heritage Sites, ED-Tech Press, UK, 2018
 Indian Archeology in Retrospect: Vol- I, ICHR, New Delhi.
 Iravatham Mahadevan, Early Tamil Epigraphy, From the Earliest Times to the
Sixth century AD, Harvard University, 2003.
 J.P.Sharma, Republics in Ancient India, India, 1968.
 Joe Crib, The Indian Coinage Tradition:Origin, Continuity and Change , Indian
Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, 2005.
 Jonathan Kenoyer, Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, Oxford
University Press.1998.
 Journals-Indian Archeology – A Review; Man and Environment; Puratattva.
 K.K. Thaplyal, Guilds in Ancient India: A study of Guild Organization in Northern
India and Western Deccan from Circa 600 BC to 600 AD, New Delhi, 1996.
 K.T.S.Sarao, Urban Centres and Urbanizaton as Reflectd in the Palivinaya and
Suttpitaka, University of Delhi, 2007.
 Kailasapathy .K, Tamil Heroic Poetry, Kumaran Book House , 2002.
 Kesavan Veluthat, Notes of Dissent, Essays on Indian History, Primur Books, 2018
 Kumkum Roy, The Emergence of Monarchy in North India : Eighth –Fourth
centuries B.C as reflected in the Brahmanical Tradition, Delhi, Oxford University
Press, 1994.
 M. Winternitz, History of Indian Literature , 3 Vols, Motilal Banarsidass

8
 M.C. Joshi, ―Aspects of Mauryan and Early Post Mauryan Art‖, Journal of the
Indian Society of Oriental Art, 1987.
 M.K. Dhavalikar, ―Early Farming Communities of Central India and Early Farming
Cultures of Deccan‖, Essays in Indian Protohistory, New Delhi,1979.
 M.K. Dhavalikar, The Harappans and Aryans, Aryan Books International, New
Delhi, 2018
 Madhav Deshpande, The Indo – Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material
Culture and Ethnicity, New Delhi, 1997.
 Madhav Deshpande, Vedic Aryans, Non Vedic Aryan and non Aryans: Judging the
Linguistic Evidence of the Veda.
 Michael Witzel, Inside the Text, Beyond the texts : New Approaches to the Study of
the Vedas, Harvard Oriental Series .
 Motichandra, Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India, New Delhi, 1977.
 Narendra Wagle, Society at the Time of Buddha , Popular Prakshan, 1963.
 Nayanjot Lahiri, The Archeology of Indian Trade Routes upto 200 B.C, Oxford
University Press, 1992.
 Nayanjot Lahiri, The Decline and Fall of the Indus Civilization, Delhi , Permanent
Black.
 NayanjotLahiri, The Archeology of Indian Trade Routes up to 200 BC Resource Use
, Resource Access and Lines of Communication , Oxford University Press, 1992.
 Neolithic Times to the Indus civilization, Department of Cultural Tourism, Pakistan.
 Niharanjan Ray, Maurya and Post- Mauryan Art, A Study in Social and Formal
Contacts , New Delhi , ICHR , 1975.
 Patrick Olivelle, Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BC to 400 BC, 2006,
Oxford University Press.
 R.C.Gaur, Excavations at Atrajikhera: Early Civilization of the Upper Ganga Basin,
Motilal Banarsidan, Delhi, 1983.
 R.N. Nandi, Archeology and the Rig-Veda, The Indian Historical Review, 1989-90.
 R.S. Sharma, Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, Delhi,
1996.
 R.Suresh, Symbols of Trade: Roman and Pseudo –Roman Objects found in India,
New Delhi, 2004.
 Ranabir Chakravarti, Trade in Early India, Themes in Early India, New Delhi,
Oxford University Press, 2005.
 Raymond Allchin and Bridget Allchin, Origin of a Civilization: The Prehistory and
Early Archeology of South Asia, New Delhi, Viking Publishers, 1997.
 Robin Coningham, The Archaeology of Buddhism , Routledge , 2001
 Romila Thapar, Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Oxford University Press,
Delhi, 1987.
 Romila Thapar, From Lineage to State: Social Formations in the Mid – First
Millennium B.C in the Ganga Valley, Oxford University Press, 1990.
 Romila Thapar, Society and Historical consciousness The Ithihasa – Purana
Tradition, Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History, New Delhi ,2000.

9
 RomilaThapar, India : Historical Beginnings and the Concept of the Aryan ,
National Book Trust , 2006.
 Rupert Yethin, The Foundations of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, 1998.
 S.Jaiswal, Caste, Origin Function and Dimensions of Change, Manohar, Delhi 2000.
 S.P. Gupta, The Roots of Indian Art, B.R. Publishers, 1980.
 S.R. Joyal, The Coinage of Ancient India , Kusumanjali Parakashan , 1995.
 S.W.Jamuson, Michael Witzel, Vedic Hinduism, (www.people.fus.harvaid.) edu/-
WITZ /Vedica.pdf)
 Saman Singh, Ancient Indian Culture and Civilization, World Heritage InC, New
Delhi, 2018
 Shereen Ratnagar, Understanding Harappa: Civilization in the Greater Indus
Valley, New Delhi, 2001.
 Susan Huntington, The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, New York,
1985.
 Sushil Mittal and Jene Thusby (ed.), The Hindu World, Routledge, 2005.
 Thaplyal.K.K., Guilds in Ancient India : A Study of Guild Organization in Northern
India and Western Deccan from Circa 600 BC to 600 AD, New Delhi, 1996.
 Thomas Trautmann (ed), The Aryan Debate, Debates in Indian History and Society,
Delhi, 2005.
 U.S. Moorti, Megalithic Culture of South India, Ganga Kaveri Publishing house,
1994.
 Udai Prakash Arora, Greek Sources on India, Alexander to Megarthenes, Aryan
Books International, New Delhi, 2018
 Uma Chakravarti, The Social Dimensions of Early Buddhism, Oxford University
Press, 1987.
 Upinder Singh, Texts on Stone: Understanding Asoka‘s Epigraph – Monuments and
their Changing Context, Indian Historical Review -1998.
 Upinder Singh, The Discovery of Ancient India : Early Archaeologists and the
Beginnings of Archaeology, Delhi, Permanent Black , 2004
 V.D. Misra and J.N.Pal (ed), Mesolithic India, Allahabad University, 2002.
 V.S.Pathak, Historians of Ancient India: A Study in Historical Biographies, Bombay,
1966.
 VidyaDehefia, Early Buddhist Rock Temples: A Chronological Study, London, 1972.
 Vimala Begliy and Richard D.Puma, Rome and India the Ancient Searoute, Oxford
Press, 1992.

10
 HY 213 - KERALA HISTORY – I
(Social Formations in the Pre Modern Period - Pre-Historic to 800 C.E.)

Aim : The paper highlights the importance of history as a branch of knowledge.

Objectives

 To introduce the basic tools and techniques of research as distinguished from

methodology in the context of Kerala
 To impart knowledge about the different sources and its importance pertaining to the
History of Kerala.
 To make the study of history dispassionate and impartial.

Course Content

Module I: Geography and Environment

Location and the Environment – Mountain tracks – Plain land and coastal zones – Rivers –
Lake – Backwaters – Mountain passes – Monsoon – Nature of Soil – Productivity of Land –
Human Geography

Module II: Sources

Archaeological Sources – Monuments – Inscriptions – Coins – Study of Archaeological
Reports – Ancient Tamil Anthologies – Sanskrit Mooshakavamsakavya – Malayalam
Manipravalam – Champus – Sandesa Kavyas – Classical Accounts – Grandhavaris –
Mathilakam – Kozhikode – Vanneri – Koodali – Perumpadappu – Classification – Oral
tradition – Myths and legends Keralaolpathi /Kerala Mahathmyam – Ballads – Folk songs –
Place names – Family traditions – Genealogy – Local memory – ‗Proverbs and sayings‘
Module III: Pre – Modern Historical Consciousness and Historiography
Myths & Legends – Vamsa kavya – Tuhafat-ul-Mujahidin – Colonial initiatives – Early
Missionaries – Malabar – Cochin – Travancore – Surveyors – Samuel Mateer and Hermen
Gundert – Gazatteers and Manuals – Indigenous initiatives – Vaikath Pachu Moothathu –
P.Shungoonny Menon – Modern Trends – K.P. Padmanabha Menon – K.M. Panikkar –
Elamkulam P.N.Kunjan Pillai – M.G.S. Narayanan – Emerging Trends

Module IV: Pre-History

Stone Age – Iron Age : Megalithic Phases – Typology – Polity – Society –Economy – Rock
art in Kerala

Module V: Social and Cultural Formations

Debate on Sangam Age – Early Tamil Anthologies – Interpretations – Tinai Concept –
Material Culture – Tribal Polity – Muvendars – Chiefdom – Forms of Exchange – Status of
women – Transmarine Contacts
Module VI: Origin of Indigenous and Semitic Religions
Indigenous Religious practices and beliefs – Hinduism – Jainism – Buddhism – Judaism –
Christianity – Islam
11
References

 A. Sreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History, S.Viswanathan, Madras, 1991.

 A. Sreedhara Menon, Cultural Heritage of Kerala, S.Viswanathan, Madras, 1996.
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1972.
 Elamkulam P.N. Kunjan Pillai, Studies in Kerala History, Kottayam, 1970.
 Francis Day, Land of the Perumals, Madras, 1863.
 H.D.Sankalia, Pre-history and Proto history of India and Pakistan, Bombay,1962.
 J.V. Vilanilam (ed.), Introduction to Kerala Studies (2Vols.), New Jersey,2012.
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Thiruvananthapuram, 1983.

12
 P.C. Alexander, Buddhism in Kerala, Annamalainagar, 1947.
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 T.V. Mahalingam, South Indian Polity, Madras, 1967
 V. Rajeev, Kerala Mahatmyam, (Mal), Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd,
Kottayam, 2012.
 V.Nagam Aiya, Travancore State Manual (3 Vols.), Gazetteers Department,
Thiruvananthapuram, 1999.
 V.R.Parameswaran Pillai, Temple Culture of South India, S.C. Mittal, Inter India
Publications, New Delhi.
 V.V.K. Vaalath, Kerlathile Stala Charitrangal, Thiruvananthapuram Jilla (Mal),
Kerala Sahitya Academy, Thrissur, 2015
 William Logan, Malabar Manual (2 Vols.), Madras, 1989

13
 (Elective)

HY 214 A – BRONZE AGE CIVILIZATIONS

Module-I: In Search of Antiquity

Archaeology – Definition – Dating Techniques – Carbon14 – Thermoluminescence –
Potassium-Argon Dating – Epigraphy

Module-II: Man in the Making

Anthropology – Definition – Fossilmen – Australopithecus – Homo habilis – Homo erectus –
Homo sapiens

Module-III: Early Stages of Evolution

Palaeolithic – Mesolithic – Neolithic Revolution – Chalcolithic – Copper – Bronze Age

Module IV: Mesopotamian Civilization

The Land – Early Cities – Polity – Society – Trade and Commerce – Law – Cuneiform script
–Religion

Module V: Egyptian Civilisation

Origin – Political History – Pharaohs – Social and Economic life – Cultural contributions –
Heiroglyphic script – Religion

Module VI: Chinese Civilisation

Early Dynasties – Social and Economic life – Arts and Crafts – Chinese Script – Religion

References:

 Bhagwat SaranUpadyaya, The Ancient World, S.Chand & Co., 1954.

 Bruce .G. Trigger, History of Archaeological Thought, University of Cambridge,
U.K, 2002.
 Chris Harman, A People’s History of the World, Oriental Longman, 1999.
 Cyrus.H. Gordon, Forgotten Scripts, Their ongoing Discovery and Decipherment,
Penguin, 1971.
 David Bronone, Principles and Practice in Modern Archaeology, Stoughton Hodder,
London.
 Donald A Mackenzie, Ancient Civilizations from the earliest times to the birth of
Christ, 1927.
 E H Gombrich, Little History of the World, Yale University Press, New Haven,
2005.
 Edward L, The Cambridge History of Ancient China, Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press,(publishing year)
 Edward Mcnall Burns, Philip Lee Ralph, et al,World Civilizations Their History
and their Culture, 1991

14
 Edward McNallBurns, Philip Lee Ralph, Robert. E Lerner, Standish Meacham,
World Civilizations, Volume A, WW.Norton and Company, 1969.
 G. Clark, World Prehistory, A New Outline, Revised Edition, Cambridge, 1977.
 G.Clark&S.Piggot, Pre – Historic Societies, Knopf, London, 1968.
 Georges Roux, Ancient Iraq, Penguin Books, New Delhi, India, 1992.
 Glyn Edmund Daniel, The First Civilizations----, The Archaeology of their Origins,
Thames and Hudson, London, 1968.
 Gregory L Possehl, The Indus Civilisation:A Contemporary Perspective, Dev
Publishers & Distributors,2018
 H.A.Davies, An Outline History of the World, Oxford University Press, London,
1954.
 H.G.Wells, The Outline of History, Cassell Company Ltd., 1920.
 Henry T Wright, The Administration of Rural Production in an early Mesopotamian
Town, Universityof Michigan, 1969 .
 J.M.Roberts, The Pelican History of the World, Penguin Books, 1988.
 J.N Postgate, Ancient Mesopotamia, Society and Economy at the Dawn of History,
London, 1991.
 Jane R McIntosh, Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives, ABC-CLIO, Inc.,
California, 2005.
 Jili, The Beginnings of Chinese Civilzation, University of Washington Press, 1968.
 John .A. Garraty, The Columbia History of the World, Harper and Row Publishers,
New York, 1972.
 John Bowle, A History of Europe-A Cultural and Political Survey, Pitman
Press,1979.
 John. C. Barrett,Paul Halstead, The Emergence of Civilization Revisited, Oxbow
Books,2004
 Joseph Needhamm, Science and Civilization in China, Vol. 1, Cambridge University
Press.
 K.V.Raman, Principles and Methods of Archaeology, Parthajan Publications, 1986.
 Karen Rhea, Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia, Peabody, Massachusetts, Hendricks
Nemat-Nejar Publishers, 2008.
 Kate Santon, Archaeology Unearthing the Mysteries of the Past, Paragon Publishing
India, United Kingdom, 2010.
 Ke-wen Wang, (ed.), Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and
Nationalism, Garland, 1998.
 Kwang Chih Chang, The Archaeology of Ancient China, Yale University Press,
1963.
 L. Delaporate, Mesopotamia:The Babylonian and Assyrian Civilizations, Kegan Paul
International,2005.
 Lamberg Karlovsky & Sabloff, Ancient Civilizations– Near East and Mesoamerica,
Waveland Press, 1995.
 Lewis H Morgan, Ancient Society, Henry Holt and Co, New York, 1877.

15
 MischaTitiev, The Science of Man, Mischa Publisher, New York, 1954.
 Patricia Wattenmaker, The Household and the State in upper Mesopotamia,
Smithsonian Institute, Washington, 1998.
 R. Dale Guthrie, The Nature of Paleolithic Art, University of Chicago Press,
Chicago, 2005.
 Rajeev Kumar Gohit, World History, RBSA Publishers, 2010.
 Richard Overy, The Times History of the World, Harper Collins Publishers, London
2008.
 Richard Wilhelm, A Short History of Chinese Civilization, Surjeet Publications,
Delhi, 2001.
 Robert Drews, The End of the Bronze Age,Princeton University Press,New
Jersey,1995
 Robert Morkot,The Empires of Ancient Egypt, BBC Books,2001
 Susan Pollock, Ancient Mesopotamia, The Eden that Never Was, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1999.
 T. Ingold, D. RichesJ.Woodburn(ed), Hunters and Gatherers, Vol. 1, History,
Evolution And SocialChange, London, 1988.
 UNESCO, History of Mankind (Relevant Volumes).
 V.G.Childe, Bronze age, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1930.
 V.G.Childe, Man Makes Himself, Watts, London, 1951.
 V.G.Childe, New light on the Most Ancient East, The Oriental Prelude to European
pre -history, KeganPaul, London, 1935,
 V.G.Childe, The Dawn of European Civilization, Kegan Paul, London, 1925.
 V.G.Childe, What Happened in History, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1942.
 Visal Sood,Ancient Civilisations of the World,APH Publising Corporation,2012
 Will Durant& Ariel Durant, Our Oriental Heritage, The Story of Civilization,
Simon and Schuster,New York, 1963.
 Yong Yap Cotterell& Arthur Cotterell, The Early Civilization of China, Putnam,
1965.

16
 (Elective)

HY 214 B – ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME

Module I: Beginning of Greek Civilisation

Archaeological Sources – Heinrich Schliemann – Sir Arthur Evans – Minoan Civilisation–
Crete – Polity – Economic life – Script – Art – Mycenaean Civilisation – Mycenae –
Government – Social life – Art and Architecture

Module II: Early Cultural Heritage and Classical Greece

Homeric Age – Iliad and Odyssey – Government – Society – Religion – Oracles – Age of
Pericles – Athenian Democracy – Society – Sparta – Militarism – Government – Society

Module III: Legacy of Greece

Literature – Poetry – Prose – Drama – History – Philosophy – Sophists – Socrates – Plato –
Aristotle – Art – Architecture – Sculpture – Painting – Science – Mathematics – Medicine –
Astronomy

Module IV: Early Roman Civilization

Beginning – Struggle of Orders – Transformation of Rome into Republic – Constitution –
Territorial Expansion – Punic Wars – Fall of the Republic

Module V: Transition to Roman Empire

Julius Caesar – First Triumvirate – Reforms – Augustus Caesar – Second Triumvirate-
Administration – Cultural Developments – End of Western Roman Empire – Causes –
Barbarian Invasions

Module VI: Legacy of Rome

Political Ideas – Pax Romana – Jurisprudence – Language – Literature – History –
Philosophy – Science – Religion – Art – Architecture – Sculpture

References:

 A. Maiuri, Roman Painting, Skira, Geneva, 1953.

 Alfred E. Zimmiern,Greek Commonwealth, Politics & Economics in Fifth Century
Athens, Oxford Publication, 1911.
 Anna Maria Liberati, Ancient Rome: History ofa Civilization that ruled the World,
Barnes and Noble Books, 2000.
 Anthony M. Snodgrass, An Archaeological Survey of the Eleventh to Eight
Centuries BC, Psychology Press, 1971.
 Arnold J Toynbee, A Study of History, Relevant Volumes, Oxford University Press,
1934, 1961.
 Beryl Rawson, A Companion to Families in the Greek and Roman Worlds,
Blackwell, 2011.
 Brian Tierney, Donald Kagan, L. Pearce Williams, Great Issues in Western
Civilization, Vol.1, Random House, New York, 1967.
17
 Chester G Starr, Civilization and the Caesars, The Intellectual Revolution in the
Roman Empire, Cornell University Press, 1954; The Roman Empire 27 BC, AD 476A
Study in Survival, University Press, New York, 1970.
 Chester G Starr, The Origins of Greek Civilization, Cape, 1962.
 Chris Harman, A People 's History of the World, Orient Longman, 1999.
 Christian Meier, Julius Caesar: A Biography, Eastern Press, 2002.
 Christopher Kelly, The Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 2006.
 Colin Wells, The Roman Empire, Fontana Press, 1984.
 D. Brendan Nagle, Household as the Foundation of Press, Cambridge 2006.
Aristotle's Polis, Cambridge University
 Donald Kagan, Pericles of Athens and The Birth of Democracy, The Free Press, New
York, 1991.
 Donald Kagan, The Fall of the Athenian Empire, Cornell University Press, Ithaca,
1987.
 Donald Kagan, The Great Dialogue:A History of Greek Political Thought from
Homer to Polybius, The Free Press,New York,1965.
 Donald Kagan, The Outbreakof the Peloponnesian War, Cornell University Press,
Ithaca, 1969.
 Donald Kagan, The Peloponnesian War, Viking Press, New York, 2003.
 Donald Reynolds Dudley, Civilization of Rome, New American Library, 1962.
 Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,
Everyman'sLibrary,1961.
 Edward Mcnall Burns, Philip Lee Ralph, et al,World Civilizations Their History
and their Culture, 1991
 F. W Wallbank, A. E. Astir & M. V. Frederiksen(ed), The Cambridge Ancient
HistoryVII Part 2,The Rise of Rome to 220BC, Cambridge University press, U.K, 1
989.
 Frank E Brown, Roman Architecture, Braziller, New York, 1961.
 George Grote, A History of Greece, Vol. 2, Harper & Brothers Publishers, New
York, 1983.
 H H Scullard, A History of the Roman World 753 to 146 BC,Fifth
Edition,Routledge,1980
 H. D. F Kitto, The Greeks, CUP Archive, 1968.
 H.A.Davies, An Outline History of the World, Oxford University Press, London,
1944.
 H.G.Wells, The Outline of History, Cassell & Company Ltd, 1920.
 H.H.Scullard, A History of The Roman World 753 to 146 B.C, Routledge, Methuen
& Co. Ltd, 1980.
 J. B. Bury, A Historyof the Roman Empire: From its Foundation to the Death of
Marcus, General Books, 2012.
 J. B. Bury, History of Greece To The Death of Alexander The Great, Vol. 1,
Macmillan & Company, 1922.
18
 J.Roberts, The Penguin History of Europe, Penguin Adult, 1997.
 Jackson J. Spielvogel, Western Civilization, A Brief History, Cengage Learning,
2005.
 Jan Morris (ed), Classical Greece: Ancient Theories and Modern Archaeologies,
Cambridgeuniversity Press, Cambridge, 1994.
 Jocelyn Toynbee, Art of the Romans, Praeger, New York, 1965.
 John Bowle, A History of Europe, Seeker, Warburg Heinemann Ltd, 1979.
 John Bowle, A History of Europe, Seeker, Warburg, Heinemann Ltd, 1979.
 John Gillies,The History of Ancient Greece: its Colonies and Conquests,From the
Earliest Accounts till the Division of the Macedonian Empire in the East,Forgotten
Books,2018
 John V. A. Fine, The Ancient Greeks, A Critical History, USA, 1983.
 John Wacher, The Roman Empire, J.M.Dent, London, 1987.
 L.C.Nevett, Gender Relations in the Classical Greek Household:The Archaeological
Evidence, The Annual Report of the British School at Athens Vol.90.
 L.R.Taylor, Roman Voting Assemblies, University of Michigan Press, 1966.
 Lesley Adkins &Roy A Adkins (ed), Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome, Facts on
File, New York, 1994.
 Michael Grant ,The Antonines: The Roman Empire in Transition, Michael Grant
Publications Ltd, 1994; History of Rome, Faber and Faber, 1979; The Fall of the
Roman Empire, Phoenix Giants, 1997.
 Michael Grant, A Social History of Greece & Rome, Scribner: Maxwell Macmillan
International, 1992.
 Michael Grant, World of Rome, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1960.
 Mortimer Wheeler, Roman Art & Architecture, Praeger, New York, 1964.
 Nancy Demand, Birth, Death & Motherhood in Classical Greece, John Hopkins
UniversityPress, 1994.
 Norman Vance, Victorians& Ancient Rome, Blackwell Publishers, 1997.
 Oliver Goldsmith, The History ofGreece, Oxford Street, London, 1826.
 Paul Cartledge (ed), The Cambridge Illustrated History ofAncient Greece,
Cambridge, 1998.
 R. R. Palmer, History of the Modern World, McGraw, Hill, 2007.
 Richard Overy, History of the World, Times Books, 2008..
 Robert Payne, Ancient Rome, American Heritage Press, 1970.
 Thomas Ashby, Aqueducts ofAncient Rome, Oxford university Press, Oxford 1935.
 Thomas F. X. Noble (ed), Western Civilization Beyond Boundaries, Cengage
Learning, 2013.
 Thomas R Martin, Ancient Rome: From Romulus to Justinian, Yale University
Press, 2012.
 W. A. Heurtley (ed), A Short History of Greece, Cambridge University Press, 1965.
 W.J. Woodhouse, History of Greece, Surjeet Publications, New Delhi, 1999

19
 W.L.Macdonald, The Architecture of the Roman Empire, Volumes I — II, Yale
University press, New Haven, 1982 —1986.
 Wallbank& Taylor, Civilization Past & Present, Chicago: Scott, Foresman, 1942.
 Will Durant, Story of Civilization: Life of Greece, Vot. II, Simon and Schuster, New
York 1 939.
 William J Milker& Jackson J Spielvogel, World History, Cengage Learning, 2012.
 Woodford Susan, The Art of Greece and Rome, Cambridge University Press, 2004.

20
 (Elective)

HY 214 C – ARCHAEOLOGY

Module I : Introduction to Archaeology

Definition – Nature – Scope and Value – Relation of Archaeology with other Disciplines –
Geology, Anthropology, Chemistry, Botany – Archaeology as a Source of History

Module II : Concepts of Archaeology

Artifacts – Eco facts – Assemblage – Industry – Culture – Civilisation – Typology –

Stratigraphy – Site – Cell or ‗Mound‘– Insitu – Layer

Module III : Kinds of Archaeology

Marine Archaeology/Underwater Archaeology – Ethno Archaeology – Salvage Archaeology

–Settlement Archaeology – Landscape Archaeology – New Archaeology

Module IV : Archaeology in India

ASI-Alexander Cunningham – Robert Bruce Foote – Fleet and Hultzsch –James Burgess –
Sir John Marshall – Daya Ram Sahni – R.D.Banerji – Sir Mortimer Wheeler – Lord Curzon
and Ancient Monuments‘ Preservation Act, 1904 – H.D. Sankalia – S.R. Rao – Fawcett –
Anujan Achan – B.K. Thapar – B.K. Gururaja Rao

Module V : Exploration and Excavation

Site Survey – Map Reading – Magnetic Survey – Photography – Types of Excavation – Trial
digging – Vertical Excavation – Horizontal Excavation – Open Stripping – Quadrant Method
– Disturbances to the Strata – Data Collection – Preparation of Report – Preservation

Module VI : Dating Techniques

Relative Dating Methods: Typological Method and Stratigraphical Method – Absolute Dating
Methods: Radio Carbon Dating – Thermoluminiscence Dating – Pollen Analysis –
Dendrochronology/Tree Ring Method – Palaeontology – Potassium Argon Dating –
Archaeomagnetism – Dating of Bones – Flourine Method – Nitrogen Method

References:

 AlIchin, F.R., Neolithic Cattle-Keepers of South India: A Study of the Deccan

Ashmounds, Cambridge, 1963.
 Allchin, F.R, Neolithic Cattle-Keepers of South India: A Study of the Deccan
Ashmounds, Cambridge, 1963.
 Armand, J, Archaeological Excavations in DurkadiNala: An Early Palaeolithic
Pebble-Tool Workshop in Central India, New Delhi, 1983.
 Austin Miller, A , The Skin of the Earth, London,1966.
 B.K. Thapar, Recent Archaeological Discoveries in India, Paris, UNESCO, 1985.
21
 Bag, A.K. History of Technology in India Vol. 1, New Delhi, 1997.
 Bednarik, R.G, ThePalaeolithic Art of Asia. in Ancient Images, Ancient Thought in
the Archaeology oflndology (Eds. S. Goldsmith, S. Garvie, D. Selin& J. Smith),
Calgary, 1992.
 Cammiade, L.A. & M.C. Burkitt, Fresh Light on the Stone Age of southeast
India.Antiquity-4. 1930.
 Chauhan, P.R, An Overview of the Siwalik Acheulian and Reconsidering its
Chronological Relationship with the Soanian —A Theoretical Perspective,
Assemblage 7, 2003.
 Clark, G, World Prehistory in New Perspective, Cambridge, 1977.
 Colin Renferew& Paul Bahn, Archaeology: Theories, Methods & Practice, Thames
& Hudson, 1996.
 Daniel,O, Origin and Growth of Archaeology, London, 1971.
 Dennell, R.W, Hominid Dispersals and Asian Biogeography during the Lower and
Early Middle Pleistocene, C.2.0 — 0.5Myit.Aian Pei vec-,1 i ves-,13., 2004.
 Etler, D.A, The Fossil Evidence for Human Evolution in Asia, Annual Review
Anthropology- 25, 1996.
 Fawcett, F, Notes on the Rock Carvings in the Edakal cave, Wynad, The Indian
Antiquary - 30, 1901
 Foote, R.B, The Foote Collection of Indian Prehistoric and Protohistoric Antiquities,
Madras, 1916
 Frank Hole & Robert F Heizer, An Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology, New
York, 1973.
 Glyn Daniel, Idea of Pre History, London, 1960.
 Glyn E. Daniel, The Three Ages. Cambridge, 1943.
 Gorden Childe, Man Makes Himself, London, rpt.1970.
 Gordon Childe, A Short Introduction to Archaeology, New York, 1962.
 Gordon Childe, What Happened in History, London, 1974.
 Gregory L. Possehl& Paul C. Rissan, Chronologies in Old World Archaeology, Vol.
I (ed.), Robert W. Ehrich, London, 1992,
 Gupta, P.L, The Early Coins from Kerala, Dept. of Archaeology Series No. 1, Govt.
of Kerala,Trivandrum, 1965.
 H.D.Sankalia, Indian Archaeology Today, London, 1971.
 K. Rajan, Archaeology:Principles and Methods, Thanjavur, India, 2002.
 K.V. Raman, Principles and Methods of Archaeology, Madras, 1986.
 Kennedy, K.A.R., J.R. Lukacs& V.N. Misra, The Biological Anthropology of
Human Skeletal Remains from Bhimbetka, Central India. ISPQS Monograph Series
No. 2, Pune.,2002.
 Lal, B.B, The Earliest Civilization of South Asia, New Delhi, 1997.
 Leakey, M.D,Olduvai George: Excavations in Beds 1 & II 1960 —1963, Cambridge
University, Cambridge,1971.

22
 Lewis-Williams, J.D, The Mind in the cave: Consciousness and the Origin ofArt,
London, 2002.
 Luna B. Leopold, M. Gorden Wolman & John P. Miller, Fluvial Processes in
Geomorphology, New Delhi,1969.
 Marshal, Sir John, Mohenjo — Daro and the Indus Civilization,1931.
 Mathpal, Y, Rock Art Studies in India. The Old World (Ed. M. Lorblanchet),Indira
Gandhi National Centre for the Arts.New Delhi, 1992.
 Miller Burkitt, The Old Stone Age-a Study of PalaeolithicTimes, Bower& Bower,
London, 1969.
 Neumayer, Erwin, Lines on Stone: The Prehistoric Rock Art of India, New
Delhi,1993.
 Neumayor, Erwin, Prehistoric Indian Rock Paintings. New Delhi, 1983.
 Paddayya, K., B.A.b. Blackwell., R. Jhaldiyal., M.D. Petraglia., S. Fevrier., D.A.
ChadertonII., J.I.B. Blickstein& A.R. Skinner, Recent findings on the Acheulian of
the Hungi and Baichbal valley, Karnataka, with Special Reference to Isampur
Excavation and its Dating. Current Science- 83,2002.
 Pappu, R.S., AcheulianCulture in Peninsular India: An Ecological Perspective, New
Delhi, Printworld.
 Possehl. Gregory L, The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective ,Walnut
Creek, 2002.
 Prasennakumar, V, Geomorphology of Kerala, Kerala University, 2007.
 Rajendran P, ―An Overview on Indian Mesolithic Culture and Early Rock-Art in
Kerala‖ (Ed. M.R. Alanmathan), Archaeology In Kerala: 75-86. Feroke, 2007.
 Rajendran P, The Prehistoric Cultures and Environment, Classical Publishing
Company, New Delhi, 1989.
 Rajendran, P, Studies on a Human Baby Fossil Entombed within the Ferricrete. in
Status of Prehistoric Studies in the Twenty-First Century in India (Eds. Ranjana Ray
&Vidula Jayaswal), Vol. 1, p. 61-65. Lisbon,2000.
 Rajendran, P, The Prehistoric Cultures and Environment, Classical Publishing
Company, New Delhi,1989
 Rajendran, P, Peter Koshy and Santha Sadasivan, Homo sapiens(archaic) Baby
Fossil of the Middle Pleistocene. Ancient Asia — 1: 7-13. Pune, 2006.
 Rajendran.P& G L Badam, A note on the Megalithic Cultural Remains from the
Cist Burials at Arippa in Kollam district of Kerala, South India. Current Science-
68(7): 684-686. Bangalore, 1995.
 Rao, LS, The HarappanSpoked Wheel Rattled Down the Streets of Bhirrana dist.,
Fetehabad, Haryana, Puratattva- 36, 2005-2006.
 Rao, S.R, India 1947-1997 — New Light on the Indus Civilization,New Delhi, 1998.
 Rao, S.R, Lothal, A Harappan Port Town(1955-1962), New Delhi, 1979.
 Sankalia, H.D, New Archaeology, Pune, 1975.
 Sankalia, H.D, Stone Age Tools: Their Techniques, Names & Probable Functions,
Deccan College, Poona,1964.
 SatiraWadia, Ravi Korisettar & Vis hwas S. Kale, Quaternary Environments
&Geoarchaeology of India. Memoir-32, GSI, Bangalore, 1995.
23
 Semaw, S., The World's Oldest Stone Artefacts from Gona, Ethiopia: Their
Implications for Understanding Stone Technology and Patterns of Human Evolution
between 2.6 — 2.5 million years ago. Journal ofArchaeological Science- 27, 2000.
 Sonawane, V.H, Rock Art of India in Recent Studies in Indian Archaeology, New
Delhi, 2002 .
 Sparks, B.W, Geomorphology, Longman, London, 1972.
 Sundara, A, The Early Chamber Tombs of South India, Delhi, 1975.
 Suresh Kumar Goel, Current Issues in Archaeology, Cybertech publication,
Newdelhi, 2014.
 Thapar, B.K & A.K. Sharma, Indian Megaliths in Asian Context. V.C. National
Institute, New Delhi, 1994.
 Vats, M.S, Excavations at Harappa, New Delhi, 1940.
 Verma, A.K, Neolithic Culture ofEastern India, RamanadVidyaBhawan, 1988.
 Wakankar, V.S & R.R.R. Brooks, Stone Age Paintings in India, Bombay, 1976.

24
SEMESTER II

HY 211 – HISTORICAL METHOD – II

AIM : The paper is intended to familiarize the students with the preliminary terminologies
of historical research.

Objectives

 To analyze the different stages of historical research.

 To understand the methods of collection of data and analysis
 To familiarize the students how to write History.

Course Content

Module I: Stages of Research

What is Research – Heuristics – Search for materials – Selection of Topic, Review of
Literature – Hypothesis Hermeneutics – External and Internal Criticism – Textual Analysis –
Synthesis and Exposition

Module II : Theoretical Application

Historicism – Positivism – Semiotics and Symbols, Signifier & Signified, Structuralism,
Deconstruction, Epistemology, Discourse Analysis, Ontology

Module III: Unhealthy Practices

Plagiarism, Regionalism, Casteism, Communalism, Distortion of facts

Module IV: Documentation

Citation : Methods of Citation – Foot Note – End Note

Module V : Philosophy in the Practice of History

Empiricist – Speculative – Analytical

Module VI: Writing a Research Monograph

Preface, Content, Introduction, Chapterization, Conclusion, Bibliography, Appendix,
Glossary, Index

{Practical: Students should mandatorily Review One Book analyzing: (a) Method and
Methodology used; (b) epistemology/historiographical review; (c) sources utilized and
documented;(d) Bibliography and (e) proficiency in communicating the findings of
Research.}
References :

 Andrea A Lunsford and Robert Connors, The New St. Martin’s Hand book, New
York, St. Martin‘s Press, 1999.
 Arthur Marwick, The New Nature of History, Macmillan, Hamshire, 2001.
 GustaafRenier, History: Its Purpose and Method, Boston, Harper and Row. 1965.

25
 Isaac, Stephen and William B. Michael, Handbook in Research and Evaluation,
2nd ed. San Diego: CA, Edits Publishers, 1981.
 Jacques Barzun and Henry F Graft, The Modern Researcher, Harcourt, Brace and
World, New York, 1969
 Jan Vansina, The Oral Tradition, A Study in Historical Methodology (Translated
from the French by H. M. Wright), Routledge&KeganPaul, London, 1965.
 Jan Vansina, Oral Tradition as History, Madison, Wisconsin, University of
Wisconsin Press, 1985.
 Jerzy Topolski, Methodology of History, D. Reidal Publishing Co., Holland, 1976.
 Joseph Gibaldi, Walter S. Achtert, MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers,
Delhi, 2009.
 Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History: A Primer of Historical Method, Alfred A
Knopf, New York, 1969.
 Louis Reichenthal Gottschalk, Understanding History- A Primer to Historical
Method, New York, 1969, Alfred A Knopf.
 March Bloch, The Historian’s Craft, New York, Vintage Books, 1964.
 Richard Marius and Melvin E. Page, A Short Guide to Writing about History,
6thEdn, Joseph Opiela, New York, 2006.
 University of Chicago, The Chicago Manual of Style, published by the University of
Chicago Press.Chicago, 2010.
 Wood Gray, et al, Historian’s Hand Book, 2nd edition, Boston, Waveland PrInc,
1991.

26
 HY 222 – INDIAN HISTORY – II
(India in Transition - Medieval and Pre-Modern Periods - 600- 1700 C.E.)

Aim : The paper introduces the ideas, institutions and movements that emerged in medieval
India and their impact.
Objectives
 To unravel the History of India from the medieval period to the pre-modern times.
 To understand the causative factors, course and impact of the external interventions.
Course Content
Module I: Sources and Medieval Social Formations
Sources: – Literary and Epigraphical – Debate on Indian Feudalism

Module II: Foreign Invasions

Arab Invasion of Sind – Turkish Incursions – Sultanate of Delhi – Polity – Idea of Kingship –
Society – Economy – Trade – Markets and Cantonments – Agriculture – Land grants – Iqta
System – Sultanate architecture

Module III: Peninsular India

Bhakti Movement – Chola Imperialism – Local self-governmnt – Bahmani and Vijayanagar
empire – Polity – Society – Economy – Schools of architecture – Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas,
Pallavas, Cholas

Module IV: Mughal Imperialism

Nature of Mughal State and Sovereignty – Mansabdari system – Mughal Economy –
Agriculture – Trade – Jagirdari System – Industries – Mughal Art and Architecture – Painting
Module V: Impact of Islam
Bhakti Movement – Sufism in India – Languages and Literature – Arabic and Persian –
Sanskrit – Origin and development of Urdu Language and Literature

Module VI: Marathas & Sikhs

Rise of Marathas – Shivaji – Peshwas – Organization of State and Administration – Sikhism
in India – Basic doctrines

References:

 A LSrivastava, History of India (1000-1707), Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co, Agra, 1977.
 Anil Chandra Banerjee, The State and Society in Medieval India, 1206-1526,
A.Mukherjee & Co. pvt.Ltd, 1958.
 Arthur John Arberry, Sufism: An account of Mystics of Islam, Dover Publications,
2001.
 Ashraf K.M, Life and Conditions of the People of Hindustan, Munshiram
Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1970.

27
 Athar Ali. M, Mughal India: Studies in Polity, Ideas, Society, Oxford University
Press, 2006.
 AtharAli, The Apparatus of Empire, Centre of Advanced study in History, Aligarh
University ,1985.
 B N S Yadava, ‗Ruling landed Aristocracy in Society and Culture in Northern India,
Allahabad, 1973.
 Bakshi S.R, Advanced History of Medieval India, Anmol, India 2002.
 Basham A.L, Cultural History of India, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 1975.
 Battles of the Sutlej, J. Murray, 1849.
 Burton Stein, Peasant, Society and State in South India, Oxford University Press,
1980.
 Chhabra G.S, Advanced History of Punjab, Volume 2,Parkash, 1973.
 D C Sircar (ed.), Land System and Feudalism in Ancient India, Calcutta, 1960.
 Farooqui Salma Ahmed & Salma Ahmed Farooqui, A Comprehensive History of
Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid Eighteenth Century, Pearson Education
India.
 Gordon, Stewart, The Marathas 1600-1818, The New Cambridge History of India,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1993
 Herman Kulke (ed.), The State in India – 1000 – 1700 AD, Delhi, Oxford
University Press.
 Irfan Habib, Essays in Indian History Towards a Marxist Perception, Wimbledon
Publishing Company, 2002.
 Irfan Habib, Agrarian System of Mughal India, OUP, India, 2000.
 Iswari Prasad, History of Medieval India, Allahabad Indian Press.
 J.N. Sarkar, History of Aurangazeb, Longmans, Green, 1920.
 Jafar S.M, Some Cultural Aspects of Muslim Rule in India, Idarah-i Adabiyāt-i Delhi,
1939.
 Jagadish Narayan Sarkar & Ratna Prakashan, History of History Writing in
Medieval India: Contemporary Historians: an Introduction to Medieval Indian
Historiography, Ratna Prakashan,1977.
 Joseph Davey Cunnigham, A History of the Sikhs: From the Origin to the
 K Antonova, et al, A History of India, Vol.I, Moscow, 1979.
 K.A.N. Sastri, History of South India, Oxford University Press, 1976.
 K.A.N. Sastri, The Cholas, University of Madras, 1935.
 Karashima, South Indian History and Society, Oxford University Press, 2001.
 Kathleen Gough, ‗Mode of Production in Southern India‘, Economic and Political
Weekly, February 1980.
 Kathleen Gough, Rural Society in Southeast India, Cambridge, 1981.
 KesavanVeluthatt, The Political Structure of Early Medieval South India, Oxford
University Press, Incorporated, 2010.
 Marc Bloch(tr), Feudal Society, London, 1965.

28
 Mohammad Habib, Historiography of Medieval India, Manak Publications,2003.
 Mohibul Hasan, Historians of Medieval India, Meerut Menakshi Prakashan,1968.
 Morrison, India’s History as Told by its Historians,A damant Media Coorperation,
2000.
 P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in the Mughal Age, Shiva Lal Agarwala, 1963.
 Peter Hardy, Luzac, Historians of Medieval India: Studies in Indo-Muslim
Historical Writing , Luzac, 1960.
 R.S. Sharma, Indian Feudalism, Macmillan, 2006.
 Raj Kumar, Medieval Art and Culture, Anmol Publications Pvt, Limited, 2000.
 Raziuddin Aquil, Sufism, Culture, And Politics: Afghans and Islam in
Medieval North India, OUP India, 2012.
 Sardesai.A, A New History of the Marathas, Phoenix Publications, 1957.
 Satish Chandra, Historiography, Religion and State in Medieval India, Har Anand
Publications 1996.
 Satish Chandra, Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals 1526-1748, Har
Anand Publications, New Delhi,2006.
 Shireen Moosvi, People, Taxation, and Trade in Mughal India, Oxford University
Press.
 Srivastava M.P, Social and Cultural Trends in Islamic India, 1206-1719 A.D,Vohra
Publishers, New Delhi,1989
 Stein, Burton, ‘Politics, Peasants and the Deconstruction of Feudalism in Medieval
India‘, Journal of Peasant Studies,12, No. 2-3, 1985.
 T K Ravindran, ‗Myth of Indian Feudalism‘, Osmania Journal of Historical
Research, Vol.I. No. 1 July- December 1982.
 T.J. Byres and Harbans Mukhia, Feudalism and Non-European Societies (Library
of Peasant Studies) Aug 1, 1985.
 Vartak, Malavika (8–14 May 1999). "Shivaji Maharaj: Growth of a Symbol",
Economic and Political Weekly, 34 (19): 1126–1134
 Vijay Kumar Thakur, Recent Writings on Indian Feudalism:A Historiographical
Critique, Journal of the Bihar Research Society, 1979
 Vijay Kumar Thakur, Towards a Model of Early Medieval Indian Economy,
Commonwealth, NewDelhi, 1989

29
 HY 223 - KERALA HISTORY – II
(Social Formations in the Pre Modern Period - From 800 To 1498 C.E)

Aim: The paper introduces the history of the pre-modern Kerala from 800 AD to 1498.

Objectives

 To discuss the nature of Kulasekhara state

 To provide knowledge regarding the society, institutions, political process and culture
of the medieval period.
 To understand the transitional phases in social formation.

Course Content

Module I: Perumals of Mahodayapuram

Debates on the Nature of Perumal State – Empire or Kingdom? Elamkulam and MGS –
Monarchy with strong centre or Brahmin Oligarchy ? – Chronology

Module II: Society in Transition

Formation of Agrarian Society – Early Agrarian Settlements – Development of Trade –
Guilds -Anjuvannam, Manigramam and Nanadesikal – Valanchiyar – Debate on
Aryanization – Brahmin settlements – Rise of Temples and Emergence of temple centered
society – Alwars and Nayanars – Sankaracharya – Education – Salais – Theories on Kollam
Era

Module III: Nadus and Changing Policy

Political Disintegration and the rise of local powers in the post Perumal period – Naduvazhis
and Swarupams – Kurumatsaram – Kuruvazhcha – Ay Kingdom - Ezhimala – Changatham –
Sanketham – Chathiran – Political disunity – Valluvanad – Rise of the Zamorin of Calicut –
Kolathunad – Arakkal Family

Module IV: Socio-Economic Formations

Further expansion of Agrarian Settlements –Brahmaswam and Devaswam land – The
temple‘s pivotal position in the socio-economic formations – Jenmi System – Emergence of
land relations – Uralar – Karalar – Adiyalar – Paniyalar

Module V: Customs and Practices

Caste System – Marumakkathayam and Sambandham – Smarthavicharam – Mamankam –
Kalari – Chaver – Ankam – Slavery – Pulappedi and Mannappedi – Devadasi System – Trial
by Ordeal – Discriminatory taxes

Module VI: Medieval Culture

Development of Malayalam Language and Literature – Manipravalam Works – Sandesa
Kavyas – Ezhuthachan and the Bhakti Movement in Literature – Cherussery, Poonthanam
and Kunjan Nambiyar – Folk Songs – Northern and Southern Ballads – Philosophy and
Science –Ayurveda and other Systems of Medicines – Art, Architecture, Sculpture and
30
Painting – Science and technology – Festivals and performing Arts – Krishnanattam –
Ramanattam – Kathakali – Mohiniyattam – Folk Dances

References:

 A. Sreedhara Menon, Kerala History and its Makers, S.Viswanathan, Madras,1990.

 A.M.N. Chakiar, The Last Smartha Vicharam, A Victims Reminiscences, Aagna
Computers, Tripunithura, 1998.
 A.P. Ibrahim Kunju, Medieval Kerala History, Kerala History Association,
Trivandrum, 1977
 A.P. Ibrahim Kunju, Studies in Medieval Kerala History, ICKS,
Thiruvananthapuram, 2007.
 A.P. Ibrahimkunju, Medieval Kerala, International Centre for Kerala Studies,
University of Kerala, Kariavattom, 2007.
 A.Sreedhara Menon, Cultural Heritage of Kerala, S.Viswanathan, Madras, 1996.
 A.Sreedhara Menon, Social and Cultural History of Kerala, Sterling, New Delhi,
1979.
 Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai, Studies in Kerala History, Kottayam, 1970.
 Fergusson J, History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, London, 1910.
 Francis Day, The Land of Perumals, Madras, 1863.
 G.K. Panikkar, Mappila Dialect of Malabar, International School of Dravidian
Linguistics, Trivandrum, 2017.
 K.K. Kusuman, Slavery in Travancore, Thiruvananthapuram, 1973.
 K.K. Nair, By Sweat and Sword: Trade, Diplomacy and War in Kerala through the
Ages, Manohar Publishers, New Delhi, 2013.
 K.N. Ganesh, Keralathinte Innalekal, Thiruvananthapuram,1990.
 K.P. Padmanabha Menon, History of Kerala, 4 Vols, Delhi, 1986.
 K.P. Padmanabha Menon, Kochi Rajya Charithram (Mal.), Thiruvananthapuram,
1912.
 K.S. Mathew, Society in Medieval Malabar.
 K.V. Soundararajan, Temple Architecture in Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 1974.
 Kerala History Association, Kerala Charithram (Mal.) 2 Vols, Eranakulam, 1973.
 Kesavan Veluthat, Brahmin Settlements in Kerala, Calicut, 1981.
 Kesavan Veluthat, Brahmin Settlements in Kerala, Calicut, 1981.
 Kesavan Veluthat, Political Structure of Early Medieval South India, Orient
Longman, New Delhi
 Kesavan Veluthat, The Political Structure of Early Medieval South India,Orient
Longman, New Delhi
 KesavanVeluthat, The Early Medieval in South India, Oxford, New Delhi,2011.
 Louise Ouwerkerk, No Elephants for the Maharaja: Social and Political Change in
Travancore 1921-1947, Manohar Publishers, New Delhi, 1994.
 M.D. Raghavan, Folk Plays and Dances of Kerala, Thrissur, 1947.

31
 M.G.S. Narayanan, Calicut, The City of Truth Revisited, Publication Division,
University of Calicut, 2006.
 M.G.S. Narayanan, Perumals of Kerala, Cosmo Books,Thrissur,2013
 Mark De Lannoy, The Kulasekhara Perumals of Travancore: History and State
Formation in Travancore from 1671-1758, Netherlands, 1997.
 N.M. Namboodiri, Samoothiri Charithratrathinte Kanappurangal (Mal.),
Vidyapeetham
 Namboothiripad, EMS, Kerala Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Calcutta, 1967.
 P. Shungoonny Menon, A History of Travancore from the Earliest Times,
Thiruvananthapuram, 1983.
 P.J.Cherian, Essays on the Cultural Formation of Kerala Gazetteers Department,
Thiruvananthapuram,1999.
 P.K. Balakrishnan, Jathivyavasthayum Keralacharithravum (Mal.), Kottayam, 1983.
 P.K. Gopalakrishnan, Keralathinte Samskarika Charithram (Mal.),
Thiruvananthapuram, 1984.
 P.K.S. Raja, Medieval Kerala, Calicut, 1966.
 R. Champakalakshmi, et al (ed.), State and Society in Pre-modern South India,
Cosmo Books, Thrissur, 2002.
 R. Chempakalakshmi, et al, State and Society in Pre-Modern South India, Cosmo
Books, Thrissur, 2002.
 Raghava Varier and Rajan Gurukkal, Kerala Charithram, Vol.II, Vallathol
Vidyapeetham, Sukapuram, 2012.
 Rajan Gurukkal, Kerala Temple and Early Medieval Agrarian System, Sukapuram,
1992.
 RajanGurukkal, Social Formations of Early South India, Oxford, New Delhi, 2010.
 Stella Kramrisch, et al, The Arts and Crafts of Travancore, Thiruvananthapuram,
1948.
 T.K. Velu Pillai, Travancore State Manual (4 Vols.), Thiruvananthapuram, 1996.
 T.R.Venugopalan, Sampathum Adhikaravum: Thrissooril Ninnoru Kazhcha,
Current Books, Thrissur,2012.
 V.V. Haridas, Zamorins and the Political culture of Medieval Kerala, Orient
Blackswan, New Delhi, 2016.
 William Logan, Malabar Manual, 2 Vols, Gazetteers Department,
Thiruvananthapuram, 2000.

32
 (Elective)

HY 224 A – GENDER HISTORY WITH SPECIAL

REFERENCE TO INDIA

Module I : Introduction to Gender History

Gender – Definition – Major Debates on Women‘s History – Hegemonic – Subaltern –
Marginalised – Readings from Foucault to Judith Butler – New Trends

Module II : Theoretical Framework of Women’s History

Methodological and Theoretical Questions – Major Debates over Women‘s History – Liberal
–Marxist – Radical Feminist Streams – Feminist Critique of Historical Knowledge

Module III : Social Reform Initiatives and Women Empowerment in India

Deccan Education Society – Ramakrishna Mission – Arya Samaj – SNDT Women‘s
University – Seva Sadan – Feminist Reading of Reform Movements – Phule – Periyar –
Pandita Ramabhai –Women in the National Movement

Module IV: Legislative Measures and Women Empowerment in India

Pro Women Legislations in Colonial India – Hindu Code – Post Independence Women
Movement in India – Women and Law – Eco feminism – Violence against Women

Module V : Women of Kerala

Transformation to Nuclear Family – Social Reform Movements – Women‘s Education –
Growth of Political Consciousness – Nationalist Movements – Akkamma Cheriyan – Annie
Mascarene – A.V. Kuttimalu Amma – Rosamma Punnoose – Women in Left Movements –
K.R. Gowri Amma – K. Ajitha – Women in Environmental Movements – Sugatha Kumari –
Rise of Adivasi and Dalit Movements – C.K. Janu – Saleena Prakkanam – Women and Local
Self Government

Module VI : Transgenders
Basic Terms – Problems of Transgenders – Legislations – Major Studies –Transgender
Support Organisations

References:

 Alter, Joseph S, Moral Materialism: Score and Masculinity in Modern India Penguin
Cooks, New Delhi, 2011.
 Basu, Aparna, Women's History in India; An Historiographical survey", in Karen,
Offen, Ruth R Pierson and Jane Rendall (eds), Writing Women's History :
International Perspectives, Bloomington, 1991.
 Bennet, Judith, 'Feminism and History‘, Gender and History, 1:3 (Autum 1989).
 Beremice, A. Carroll (ed), Liberating Women's History: Theoretical and Critical
Essays, University of Ellinois Press, 1977.
 Bharati Ray and Basu Aparna, (ed.), Front Freedom to Independence: Women and
50 years of Independence, OUP, Delhi, 1999.

33
 Bharati Ray, Early Feminists of Colonial India: Saraladevi Chaudhurani and
Rokeya Sakawat Hossain, OUP, New Delhi, 2005.
 Butler, Judith, Gender Trouble: Feminism and Subversion of Identity, Newyork,
1990.
 Butler, Judith, 'Performative Acts and Gender Constitution:An Essay in
Phenomenology and Feminist Theory‘ in Feminist Theory Reader(ed.), Carole R
Mccann and Seung Kyung Kim,Routledge,Newyork,2013.
 C.S. Chandrika, Keralathile StreeMunnettangalude Charitram (Malayalam)
Thrissur, 1998.
 Chacko, Shubha, Changing the stream- Background on the women 's movement in
India, Mumbai , Centre for Education and Documentation, 2001.
 Charu Gupta(ed.), Gendering Colonial India, Orient Black Swan,New Delhi,2012.
 Chatterjee, Partha, Colonialism, Nationalism and Colonized Women : The Contest
in India, America Ethnologist — 16, 1989.
 Chatterjee, Partha, The Nationalist Resolution of the women question', ' in
Kunkum Sangari and Suresh Vaid (ed.), Recasting women: Essays in Indian
Colonial History, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1990.
 Chatterjee, Partha, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World, Zed Books,
London, 1986.
 Connell, RW, 'The Big Picture: Masculinities in recent world history‘, Theory and
Society, 22, 1993.
 Dale Spender (ed.), Men studies modified: The impact of Feminine of academic
disciplines, The program press, Oxford, 1981.
 Desai, Neera, Women in Modern India, Bombay, Vora and Col. Publishers Private
Ltd, 1977.
 Desouza, Alfred (ed.), Women in Contemporary India, Manohar, Delhi, 1975.
 Foucualt, M, The History of Sexuality: An Introduction, Vol. I, Vintage Books, New
York, 1990.
 G. Arunima, 'There Comes Papa: Colonialism and the Transformation of Matriliny
in Kerala', Hyderabad, Orient Blakswan, 2003.
 Gondan, Ann D, 'The Problem of Women's History', in Carrol (ed.),
LiberatingWomen’s History, 1976.
 Govt. of India, Towards Equality: Report of the Committee of the Status of Women in
India, Delhi, 1975.
 J. Devika, ‘Kulastreeyum, ChanthapennumUndayathengane’ (Malayalam), Centre
for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, 2011.
 J. Devika, En-gendering Individuals; The Language of Re-Forming in Family 20th
Century Keralam', Hyderabad, Orient Longman, 2007.
 Janet Mock, Redefining Realness: My path to Womanhood, Identity, Love and So
Much More,Atria Books, NewYork, 2014
 Joan Kelley, Women, History and Theory, Chicago, University of Chicago Press,
1984.

34
 Joan Wallach Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1988; Revised edition, 1999. Japanese translation, Heibonsha 1992;
Spanish translation, Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2008.
 Joan Wallach Scott, Women's Studies on the Edge, Durham, Duke University Press,
2009. II.
 Joseph Tharamangalam, (ed.), Kerala Development Experience, Orient
Longman.2006.
 Kiran Pawar, Women in India History, Vision and Venture, 1996.
 Kirit K Shah (ed.), History and Gender some Explorations, Rawat publication, ND
— 2005.
 K M Venugopalan, 'Kerala, Laingikatha and Linganeethi' (Malayalam), Sign Books
Tvpm, 2006.
 Krishnamurthy J (ed.), Women in Colonial India: Essays on Survival Work and the
State, OUP, Delhi, 1989.
 Kumar Radha, The History of Doing; An Illustrated Account for Women's Rights
and Feminism in India1800-1990, London, 1993.
 Kumkum Sangari and Suresh Vaid (ed.), Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial
History, Kali for Women, ND, 1989.
 Lerner, Gerda, The Majority Finds its part: Placing Women in History, Oxford
University Press, New York 1981.
 Leslie Feinberg, Transgender Liberation: A Movement Whose time has Come, 1992
 Leslie Feinberg, Transgender warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to Dennis
Rodman, 1996
 M. Sopna, A Voiced Cry of Transgenders, Educreation Publication, 2017
 Manmohar Kaur, Role of Women in the Freedom movement, 1857-1947, Sterling,
New Delhi, 1968.
 Meera Velayudhan, 'Women Workers and Struggle in Alleppey', SamyaShaki, A
Journal of Women Studies, vol.I, No.2.
 Morgan, Sue (ed.), The Feminist History Reader, Routledge, London, 2006
 Morgan, Sue(ed.), New Feminist History Reader, Routledge, 2000.
 Nair, Janaki, Women and Law in Colonial India, New Delhi, 1996.
 Nanda, Meera, ―The Science Question in Post-Colonial Feminism‖, EPW, Vol.3, No.
16, & 17, April 1996.
 Nandy, Ashish, The Intimate Enemy : Loss and Recovery of Self under Colonialism ,
Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983.
 Nitin Doshi, Women in World History: Readings from 1500 to Present, Cyber Tech
Publication, New Delhi, 2012.
 P. J. Cheriyan, Perspectives on Kerala History, Gazeteers Publications,1999.
 Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang and Shannon Minter (ed.), Transgender
Rights, 2006
 Peter Burke (ed.), "Women's History," New Perspectives on Historical Writing,
London: Polity Press, 1991.

35
 Praveena Kodoth, Courting Legitimacy or Delegitimizing custom? Sexuality
Sambandham and Marriage Reforms in 19th Century. Malabar, Modern Asian
Studies, No. 35, 2 , 2001.
 Purvis, June, 'Hidden From History', in Gender Studies,Polity Press,2002 Cambridge
University
 Rajesh Thalwar, Third Sex and Human Rights, 1999
 Ranajith Guha, Chandra's Death, Subaltern Studies V, Delhi, OUP, 1987.
 Riley, Denise, Am I that Name? Feminism and the Category of 'Women ' in History,
London, Macmillan 1988.
 Robin Jeffrey, 'Politics, Women and Well Being', Delhi 1993.
 Rowbothan, Hidden From History, Pluto Press, London, 1973.
 S. Mrinalini, Transgender in Society Challenges and Solutions,MJP Publishers,2017.
 S.Nanjunda Swamy and M.R.Gangadhar,Transgender Challenges in India,Aayu
Publications,2016.
 Saradamony K, Matriliny Transformed: Family Law and Ideology in 20thCentury
Travancore, New Delhi, 1999.
 Scott Wallach Joan, The Fantasy of Feminist History, Durham, Duke University
Press, 2011.
 Scott, Joan (ed.), Feminism and History, Black well, 1992.
 Scott, Joan W, Gender and the Politics of History, Columbia University Press, New
York, 1999.
 Scott, Joan, ‗Women's History and the Rewriting of History in Christic Farhan (ed),
The Impact of Feminist Research in the Academy, Indiana University Press,
Bloomington, 1987.
 Scott, Joan, Gender: A useful category of Historical Analysis, in feminism and
history (ed.) Joan Wallch Scott, Oxford University Press, New York 1997.
 Seleena Prakkanam, ‘Chengara Samaravum Ente Jeevithavum' (Chengara Struggle
and my life), D.C. Books Kottayam, 2013.
 Sen, Ilina, The Women's Movement in India, Hyderabad, Anupama Printers, 2000.
 Sievery, Sharon, ‗Sin Feminists in Search of a Historia', Journal of Women’s
History, Vol. 1, No.2, Fem, 1989.
 Sinha, Mrinalini, Colonial Masculinity: The 'manly' Englishman and the 'effeminate'
Bengali En the late Nineteenth Century, Manchester University Press, Manchester,
1995.
 Sinha, Mrinalini, 'Gender and Nation‘ in 'Feminist History Reader', Routledge,
Newyork, 2013.
 Sinha, Mrinalini, Giving Masculinity a History: Some contributions from the
historiography of Colonial India, Gender and History, Vol. 11, No.3, Black well
publishers, Oxford,1999.
 Srivastava, Sanjay, Sexual Sites, Seminal Attitudes: Sexualities, masculinities and
culture in South Asia, New Delhi, Sage 2004.
 Subaltern Studies lX and XI volumes, New Delhi, OUP and Permanent Black ,1989
and 2000.

36
 Sumit Sarkar and TanikaSarkar (ed.), Women and Social Reform in Modern India
(2Vols), Orient Black Swan, New Delhi, 2011.
 Susan Stryker, Transgender History, Basic Books, 2008.
 Swapna Mukhopadhyay (ed.), The Enigma of the Kerala Woman, A Failed
Promises of Literacy, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2012.
 Uma Chakravarthy, ―Conceptualising Brahmanical Patriarchy in Early India:
Castes, Class, Gender and the State‖, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 30 No. 6,
April 3, 1993.
 Uma Chakravarti, and Kumkum Roy, ―In search of Our Part: A Review of the
Limitations Possibilities of the Historiography of Women in Early India‖, Economic
and Political Weekly Vol. 23, No. 18, April 30, 1988.
 Vandana Shiva, Staying Alive; Women Ecology and Development, Kali for women,
Delhi, 1988.
 Meera Velayudhan, Changing Roles and Women‘s Narrative, Social Scientist, 22
(1), 1994.
 Yual Davis, Nira, Gender and Nation, Sage, London,1997.

37
 (Elective)

HY 224 B – ARCHIVAL STUDIES

Module I
Origin, Scope and Importance of Archives – Public and Private Archives – Colonial Archives
–National and Regional Archives – Kerala State Archives – Film Archives – Music Archives
–Ecclesiastical Archives – Ethnographical Archives – Oral History Archives

Module II
History of Archives – Archives in India – The Historical Manuscripts Commission – Indian
Historical Records Commission – International Council on Archives

Module III
The Archive as an Institution of Social Memory – Repository of Knowledge – Primary
Documents – Published and Unpublished – Documentation – Taxonomy – Objectification –
Intellectual Property Rights and Archives

Module IV
Archival Administration – Preservation and Conservation of Records – Filing System of
Records – Records Management

Module V
Automation of Archives – Use of Visual Aids – Archives and Electronic Data bases –
Metadata

Module VI
Archival Theory – Archives and Society – Archives and Researchers-Archives and
Performers – Strategies for Archives – Archives and the Future

References:

 Adrian Cunningham, "Archival Institutions," in Archives: Recordkeeping in

Society, Sue McKemmish etal.(eds.)WaggaWagga, New South Wales, Charles Sturt
University, Centre for Information Studies, 2005, pp. 21-22.
 Ann Stoler, 'Along the Archival Grain: Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common
Sense', Princeton University Press, 2009.
 B.N. Goswami, 'The Records kept by Priests at Centres of Pilgrimage as a Source of
Social and Economic History", IESHR,Vol Ill No 2 pp. 174-84
 Bernard Cohn, ‗An Anthropologist Among Historians and Other Essays', Oxford
University Press, 2010.
 Bradsher, James (ed.), Managing Archives and Archival Institutions, London
Mansell Publishing, 1988.
 Carlo, Ginzburg, Clues, Myths and the Historical Method, John Hopkins University
Press, 1992.

38
 Caroline Steedman, Dust: The Archive and Cultural History,ManchesterUniversity
Press.2002
 Cook, Michael, The Management of Information from Archives,Aldershod:Gower
Publishing Lirnited,1999.
 Ghose,Sailen, Archives in India :History and Assets, Calcutta, Firma K
L,Mukhopadyaya,1963.
 Guha, Ramachandra, India after Gandhi, Picador, New Delhi, 2007.
 Jacques Le Goff, History and Memory, Columbia University Press, 1986.
 Jennifer Douglas, "Origins: Evolving Ideas about the Principle of Provenance " in
Currents of Archival Thinking, Terry Eastwood and Heather MacNeil(eds.)Santa
Barbara, California Libraries Unlimited, 2010, pp. 23-43.
 John Ridener, From Polders to Post Modernism,A Concise History of Archival
Theory, Litwin Book, Series on Archives, Archivists and Society,2009.
 John Seyller, 'The Inspection and Valuation of Manuscripts in the Imperial Mughal
Library", Artibus Asiae, Vol. 57. No. ¾ ,1997,pp. 243-349.
 Judith Ellis, Keeping Archives, The Australian Society ofArchivists,Melboume,1993.
 Kate Cumming, "Metadata Matters," in Managing Electronic Records, Julie
McLeod and Catherine Hare(eds.),London, Facet Publishing, 2005 pp. 34-49.
 Lance, David, An Archive Approach to Oral History, Vienna Imperial War Museum
and International Association of Sound Archives, 1985.
 Margaret Procter,et.al (eds.),Political Pressure and the Archival Record, Society of
Amer Archivists,2006.
 Michel RolphTrouillot, 'Silencing the Past Power and Production of
History',Beacon Press, 1995.
 Michele V. Cloonan, "Preserving Records of Enduring Value," in Currents of
Archival Thinking, Terry Eastwood and Heather MacNeil (eds.)Santa Barbara,
California Libraries Unlimited, 2010.
 Natalie Zemon Davis, Fiction in the Archives Pardon Tales and their Tellers in
Sixteenth Century France, Stanford University Press, 1987.
 O'Toole and Cox, Understanding Archives and Manuscripts, Society of Amer
Archivists,2006.
 Ranajit Guha, The Small Voice ofHistory’, Permanent Black, 2010.
 Sundar Raj M, A Manual of Archival System and the World ofArchives, Siva
Publications, Chennai, 1999.
 Susan A Crane, 'Writing the Individual Back into Collective Memory', The American
Historical Review, Vol.102 , No 5, 1997.

39
 (Elective)

HY 224 C- HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE

Module I: Historiography
Christian Historiography – Characteristics-Strength and Weakness-Sextus Julius Africanus –
Eusabius – St. Augustine – Gregory of Tours – Venerable Bede

Module II: Fifth Century Europe

Decay of Western Roman Empire – Barbarian Invasions – Visigoths-Ostrogoths – Vandals –
Huns – Rise of Christian Church

Module III: Frankish Kingdom

Merovingian and Carolingian Periods – Clovis – Charles Martel – Pepin – Charlemagne –
Carolingian Renaissance

Module IV: The Holy Roman Empire

Charlemagne and Pope Leo III – Struggle between the Empire and the Papacy – Gregory VII
and Henry IV – Pope Boniface VIII – Edward I and Philip IV – Babylonian Captivity – Great
Schism

Module V: Feudalism in Transition

Nature of Feudalism – Castles and Lords – Manorial Villages – Merits – Demerits – Crusades
– Nature – Causes – Important Crusades – Failure – Consequences – Monastic Foundations –
Benedictine – Carthusian – Cistercian – Franciscan – Dominican – Contributions – Decay of
Feudalism – Growth of Cities and Trade Routes – Merchant and Craft Guilds

Module VI: Medieval Legacy

Medieval Art – Architecture – Romanesque – Gothic Styles – Sculpture – Painting – Music –
Literature – Canon Law – Medieval Universities – Scholasticism – Science

References:

 Alessandro Barbero, CharleMagne, University of California Press, 2004.

 Alexander Clarence Flick, The Decline of the Medieval Church, K Paul Trench,
Trubner, London, 1930.
 Alfred F Henrighurat, ThePirenne Thesis, Problems of European Civilization,
Heath, 1967.
 Barbara A Hanawalt, The Middle Ages: An Illustrated History, Oxford University
Press, USA 1999.
 Brian Tierney, The Middle Ages, Vol.I, McGraw-Hill, 1998.
 Brian Tierney, The Middle Ages, Vol.II, McGraw-Hill, 1998.
 Brian Tierney, Western Europe in the Middle Ages 300-1475, McGraw-Hill, 1998.
 Bryce Loyes, The High Middle Ages, Macmillan, 1964.
 Carl Stephenson and Bryce Lyon, Medieval History, Harper International,1967.
40
 Carl Stephenson, Medieval Feudalism, Cornell University, USA, 1942.
 Carl Stephenson, Medieval History, Harper & Row Publishers, 1962.
 Charles Hardwick, A History of the Christian Church, Macmillan, 1877.
 Charles R Young , The Twelfth –Century Renaissance:European Problem Studies,
Holt,Rinehart & Winston of Canada Ltd,1970.
 Charles River Editors, The Middle Ages: A Brief History, Vook.inc, 2011.
 Chris Harman, A People’s History of the World, Orient Longman, 1999
 Clifford Hugh Lawrence, Medieval Monasticism, Longman, 2001.
 Einhard & Notker the Stammerer, Two Lives of CharleMagne, Penguin Classics,
2008.
 Ernst Breisach, Historiography-Ancient Medieval and Modern, University of
Chicago Press, Chicago, 1983.
 George Holmes, The Oxford History of Medieval Europe, Oxford University Press,
2001.
 Gregory of Tours, A History of the Franks, Penguin Classics, 1966.
 H.Butterfield, Christianity and History, New York, 1950.
 H.W.C.Davis, Medieval Europe, Cherry Lane, E books, 2014.
 Hans Eberhard Mayer, The Crusades, Oxford University Press, 1972.
 J.B.Bury, The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol.1, The Christian Roman Empire and
the Foundations of the Teutonic Kingdoms, Paul Dalen,2011.
 J.M.Roberts, The New Penguin History of the World, Penguin Books, 2007.
 Jackson J Spielvogel, Western Civilization, Cengage Learning,2012.
 John Bowle, A History of Europe, Secker, Warburg Heinemann Ltd, 1979.
 John H Haaren, Famous Men of the Middle Ages, Lulu.com, 2013.
 Joseph R Strayer, Feudalism, Kreiger Publishing Company, 1965.
 Joseph R Strayer, On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State, Princeton
University Press, 2011.
 Judith Bennett, Medieval Europe: A Short History, Mc Graw-Hill,2010.
 M.A Fitzsimmons (ed.), The Development of Historiography, Port Washington,
NewYork, 1954.
 Marc Bloch, Feudal Society Vol. I, University of Chicago Press, 1961.
 Marc Bloch, Feudal Society Vol. II, Routledge, 1989.
 Margaret L King, TheRenaisance in Europe, Laurence King Publishing, 2003.
 Marilyn Dunn, Emergence of Monasticism, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
 Maurice Keen, The Penguin History of Medieval Europe, Penguin 1991.
 Meenaxi Phukan, Rise of the Modern West, Macmillan Publishers India Ltd, 2000.
 Morris Bishop, The Middle Ages, Mariner Book, 2001
 Norman F Cantor, Medieval History: The Life and Death of a Civilization,
Macmillan, 1969 .

41
 Norman F Cantor, The Civilization of the Middle Ages, Harper Perennial, America
1993.
 Perry Anderson, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism, Verso, 2013.
 Ralf Henry Carless Davis, A History of Medieval Europe, Pearson Longman,2006
 Richard E Sullivan, The Coronation of Charle Magne : What Did It Signify?, DC
Heath and Company,1959.
 Robert Brentano, Early Middle Ages, 500-1000(sources in western civilization),
Kindle Edition, Free Press, 2010.
 Robert Brentano, Rome before Avignon: A Social History of Thirteenth Century
Rome, Basic Books, 1974.
 Robert Brentano, The Age of the Renaissance, Forum House 1970.
 Rolf Toman, Achim Bednorz, Rainerwarland, Monasteries and Monastic Orders,
HUllmann, 2008.
 S.W Halparin (ed), Essays in Modern European Historiography, Chicago, 1970.
 Samuel P Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Re-making of the World
Order, Penguin Books, Delhi, 1996.
 Stephen K Sanderson, Civilization and World Systems, New Delhi, 1995.
 Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, CUP Archive, 1987.
 Susan Wise Bauer, The History of the Medieval World, WW Norton & Company,
2010.
 T.A Dorey(ed), Latin Historians, New York, 1966.
 V.K. Gupta, History of Medieval India, Rajat Publications, New Delhi, 2018.
 Vijaya Kumar Thakur, Historiography of Indian Feudalism, New Delhi, 1989.
 W. J Brandt, The Shape of Medieval History, New Heaven, 1966.
 William J Duiker &Jackson J Spielvogel, World History, Cengage Learning, 2006.

42
SEMESTER : III

HY 231 - ISSUES IN HISTORIOGRAPHY

AIM : The paper intends to highlight the major trends and issues in historiography

Objectives
 To familiarize various schools of thought in Historiography
 To understand approaches to History
 To know recent trends and problems in Historiography

Course Content

Module I: Beginnings of Historical Consciousness

Greek historiography – Herodotus and Thucydides – Roman Historiography – Polybius,
Livy and Tacitus – Chinese historiography – Su-ma-Chien and Records of the Grand
Historian

Module II : Historical Consciousness Taking a Different Turn

Medieval historiography – Features of Church historiography – Arab historiography – Ibn
Khaldun and the Science of Culture – St. Augustine

Module III: Impact of Scientific Revolution

Francis Bacon – Descarte and Cartesianism – Anti-Cartesianism and Giambattista Vico –
Enlightenment historiography – Edward Gibbon, Voltaire, David Hume

Module IV: Modern Historiography- Philosophy of History

George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel – Positivism and Auguste Comte – Critique of Positivism –
Leopold Von Ranke – Thomas Carlyle, Oswald Spengler, Arnold J Toynbee

Module V : Approaches To History

Marxist Historiography – Changing Functions of Historical Materialism – From Philosophy
to Practice – Marx‘s Epistemology – Annales School – Marc Bloch, Lucien Febvre –
Fernand Braudel – Subaltern School – Antonio Gramsci

Module VI: Historical Consciousness Refigured

Gender History – Black History – Oral History – Micro History – Local history – Post-
modern Challenge – Michael Foucault – Jacques Derrida – Lyotard – Baudrillard – Critique
of Post modernism – Historiography and Post-modernism – Radical History and Hayden
White – New Cultural History – Critical modernity – Edward Said –Orientalism– Post
Colonialism – Gayathri Chakrvorty Spivak

43
References :

 Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (tr), The Annals and the
Histories of Tacitus, Modern Library, 2003.
 Arthur Marwick, The Nature of History, Palgrave, New York, 1989 (1970).
 Axel Harneit-Sievers (ed.), A Place in the World: New Local Historiographies from
Africa and South Asia, Brill, Leiden, 2002.
 Beryl Smalley, Historians in the Middle Ages, London, 1974.
 Beverley Southgate, History: What and Why? Ancient, Modern and Post Modern
Perspectives, Routledge, New York, 1998.
 Brian Fay, Philip Pomper and Richard T. Vann (eds.), History and Theory:
Contemporary Readings, Mass. and Oxford, Blackwell, 1998.
 Burton Watson, Records of the Grand Historian: Han Dynasty (Sima, Qian and
trans) Research Center for Translation, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong andColumbia University Press, 1993.
 Burton Watson, Ssu-ma Ch'ien: Grand Historian of China, Columbia University
Press, New York, 1958.
 C.Behan McCullagh, The Logic of History, Routledge, London, New York, 2004.
 C.Behan McCullagh, The Truth of History, Routledge, London, New York, 1998.
 Denys Hay, Annalists and Historians: Western Historiography from the Eighth to the
Eighteenth Centuries, London, 1977.
 Donald R. Kelley, Versions of History from Antiquity to the Enlightenment, New
Haven, 1991.
 E J Hobsbawm, ‗Karl Marx‘s Contribution to Historiography‘ in Ideology and Social
Sciences, Suffolk, 1962.
 E P Thompson, The Poverty of Theory, Merlin, London, 1978.
 Eric Hobsbawm, ‗On History from Below‘, in Eric Hobsbawm, On History
London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1997.
 Ernest Breisach, On the Future of History, University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
1993.
 Ernst Breisach, Historiography: Ancient, Medieval, Modern, 2ndedition, University
of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1993.
 Franz Rosenthal, A History of Muslim Historiography, Part 1, EJ Brill, Netherlands,
1952.
 G A Cohen, Marx’s Theory of History: A Defense, Oxford, 1978.
 G. Plekhanov, The Development of the Monist View of History, Progress Publishers,
Moscow, 1980.
 Gende, Shimla, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1999.
 Georg G. Iggers, Historiography in the Twentieth Century : From Scientific
Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge, Hanover and London, Wesleyan University
Press, 1997.
 Georg G. Iggers, New Directions in European Historiography, Middletown, 1975.
 Georg GIggers, et al, Global History of Modern Historiography, Pearson Education
Ltd, New Delhi, 2010.
44
 Georg Lukas, History and Class Consciousness, Rupa Co, London, 1993.
 George Rawlinson (tr),The History of Herodotus (the translation originally published
during1858-60)
 Giovanni Levi, ‗On Microhistory‘, in Peter Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on
Historical Writing, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1991, 2001.
 Hamilton A.R. Gibb, ‗Tarikhfrom the origins to the third century of Hijra‘ pp.108-
119 in Studies on the Civilization of Islam, London, 1962.
 Isaiah Berlin, Concepts and Categories: Philosophical Essays (Ed. by Henry Hardy),
Pimlico, Great Britain, 1978.
 Jan Vansina, Oral Tradition as History, London, James Currey, 1985.
 John Tosh(ed), Historians on History, Pearson Education Ltd, England, 2000.
 Joyce Appleby, Lynn Hunt &Margaret Jacob, Telling The Truth About History,
WW Norton & Company, NewYork-London, 1995.
 Keith Jenkins (ed.), The Postmodern History Reader, London and New York,
Routledge, 1997.
 Keith Jenkins, At The Limits of History, Essays on Theory And Practice, London and
New York, Routledge, 2009.
 Keith Jenkins, Rethinking History, Routledge, London/New York, 1997.
 Kenan Malik, The Meaning of Race: Race, History and Culture in Western Society,
London, Macmillan, 1996.
 Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid (ed.), Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial
History, Delhi, Kali for Women, 1989.
 Kumkum Sangari and Uma Chakravarti (eds), From Myths to Markets: Essays on
 Les Back and John Solomon (eds.), Theories of Race and Racism: A Reader,
London and New York, Routledge, 2000.
 Lynn Hunt (ed), The New Cultural History, University of California Press,
California, London, 1989.
 M.C. Lemon, Philosophy of History, Routledge, London, 2006.
 M.Harsgor, ‗Total History: The Annales School‘, Journal of Contemporary History,
Vol.13, 1978.
 M.I. Finley, Ancient History: Evidence and Models, Penguin, London, 1985.
 Michael Bentley (ed), Companion to Historiography, Routledge, New York/London,
1997.
 Michael Bentley, Modern Historiography, An Introduction, Routledge, NewYork,
1999.
 Paul Thompson, The Voice of the Past : Oral History ,Oxford, 1978.
 Peter Burke (ed.), Economy and Society in Early Medieval Europe: Essays for
Annales, London, 1972.
 Peter Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing ,Oxford, 1992
 Robert M Burns (ed), Historiography, Critical Concepts in Historical Studies,
Routledge, London and NewYork, 2006.

45
 Ronald J. Grele, ‗Oral History‘, in Kelly Boyd (ed.), Encyclopedia of Historians and
Historical Writing, 2 vols. ,Chicago, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999.
 S.H. Rigby, Marxism and History: A Critical Introduction, Manchester and New
York, Manchester University Press, 1987, 1998.
 S.H.Rigby, ‗Marxist Historiography‘, in Michael Bentley (ed.), Companion to
Historiography, Routledge, London and New York, 1997.
 Shukrieh R. Merlet, ‗Arab Historiography‘, Article published in the Islamic Culture,
Hyderabad, Vol.LXIII, No.4, October, 1989.
 Stefan Berger, et al, (ed), Writing History: Theory and Practice, Bloomsbury
Academia, New Delhi, 2010
 Stephen Davies, Empiricism and History Palgrave, New York, 2003.
 Steve Seidman (ed.), The Postmodern Turn: New Perspectives on Social Theory,
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
 Steven Best and Douglas Kellner, Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations,
London, MacMillan, 1991.
 T. Stoianovich, French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm, Ithaca, 1977.
 Uma Chakravarti, Rewriting History: The Life and Times of Pandita Ramabai,
Delhi, Kali For Women, 1998.
 W H Shaw, Marx’s Theory of History, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1978.
 Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang, Records of the Historians, Commercial Press,
Hong Kong, 1974.

46
 HY 232 - INDIAN HISTORY- III
(Colonialism and Indian Responses - From 1701 to 1947 C.E.)
Aim : To familiarise the ideologies of colonialism and nationalism, their reflection on Indian
society.

Objectives

 To furnish the nature and method of colonial intervention.

 To expose the factors leading to the emergence of national movement.
Course Contents
Module I: Colonial Policies and Early Resistance
Administration – Economic Policies – Agrarian Settlements – Commercialization of
Agriculture – Impact on indigenous crafts and Industries – Drain of wealth –
Deindustrialization or Development ? – Famine – Marx on India – Early Resistance
Movements – Revolt of 1857 – Interpretations

Module II: Colonial Modernity

British Social Legislations – Creation of a Public Sphere – Reform Movements – limitations
– Women‘s movements – Emancipatory or strengthening of tradition ?

Module III: Political Awakening

Theories regarding the formation of Indian National Congress – Evaluation of the work of
Moderates – Partition of Bengal and the Swadeshi Movement – Ideological basis of
Extremism
– Government of India Act, 1909 – Impact of the First World War – Home Rule Movement
– Annie Besant and Tilak – Government of India Act, 1919

Module IV: Gandhian Interventions in the Struggle for Freedom

Early Struggles of Gandhi – Gandhian ideology – Non Co-operation and Khilafat movements
– Swarajist Party – Simon Commission – Nehru Report – Civil Disobedience Movement –
Gandhiji and Ambedkar Debate – Communal Award and Poona Pact – Government of India
Act, 1935
Module V: Growth of Radical Trends
Revolutionary terrorism in India and abroad – The Communist Party of India and Congress
Socialist Party – Trade Union Movements – All India Kisan Sabha and Peasant Movements

Module VI: Towards Independence

Impact of Second World War – Cripps Mission – Quit India Movement – Subhash Chandra
Bose and INA – Cabinet Mission – RIN Mutiny – Mountbatten Plan – Growth of
Communalism – Theoretical Debate – Two Nation Theory – Partition – Transfer of Power
References:

 A.C.Bose, Indian Revolutionaries Abroad 1905-22, Patna, 1971.

 A.R. Desai (ed.), Peasant Struggles in India, Oxford, Bombay, 1979.
47
 A.R.Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Popular Prakashan, Bombay,
 Amales Tripathi, The Extremist Challenge, Calcutta, 1967.
 B.L.Grover, British Policy Towards Indian Nationalism 1885-1909, Delhi, 1967.
 B.N.Ganguli, Dadabhai Naoroji and the Drain Theory, Bombay, 1965.
 B.R.Nanda, Mahatma Gandhi, New Delhi,1958.
 Bipan Chandra et al, Freedom Struggle, NBT, New Delhi, 1994.
 Bipan Chandra, Communalism in Modern India, New Delhi, 1987.
 Bipan Chandra, Essays on Colonialism, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 1999.
 Bipan Chandra, Essays on Indian Nationalism, Har Anand Publications, New Delhi,
2005.
 Bipan Chandra, et al, India’s Struggle for Independence, Penguin Books, New
Delhi, 1989.
 Bipan Chandra, Indian National Movement: Long term Dynamics, New Delhi, 1988.
 Bipan Chandra, Modern India, New Delhi,1971.
 Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, Delhi,
1977.
 Chandrasekhar.S, Colonialism, Conflict and Nationalism, Viswa Prakasam, New
Delhi, 1995.
 Charles Hiemsath, Indian Nationalism and Hindu Social Reform, Princeton, 1964.
 David Hardiman (ed.), Peasant Resistance in India, 1858-1914, OUP, Delhi, 1992.
 David Page, Prelude to Partition: The Indian Muslims and the Imperial System of
Control 1920-1932, OUP, Oxford, 1982.
 Dhanagare, D N, Peasant Movements in India, 1920-1950, Delhi, 1983.
 Eric Stokes, The Peasant and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant
Rebellion in Colonial India, Cambridge, 1978.
 Francis Hutchin’s, Spontaneous Revolution: The Quit India Movement, New Delhi,
1971.
 Girja Shankar, Socialist Trends in Indian National Movement, Meerut, 1987.
 Harish.K.Puri, Ghadar Movement, Amritsar, 1983.
 HCE.Zacharia, Renascent India, 1933.
 I.R.Sharma, The Making of Modern India, Orient Longman, 1951.
 J.N.Farquher, Modern Religious Movement in India, OUP, 1914.
 Jayaprakash Narayan, Why Socialism, Benaras, 1936.
 Jim Masselos, Indian Nationalism: a History, Sterling, New Delhi, 2002.
 Judith.M.Brown, Gandhi’s Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915-22, Cambridge,
1972.
 K.K.Ghosh, The Indian National Army, Meerut, 1969.
 K.N.Panikkar, Culture, Ideology, Hegemony: Intellectuals and Social Consciousness
in Colonial India, Tulika, New Delhi, 2001.
 Kenneth.W.Jones, Socio Religious Reform Movements in British India,
48
 M.A. Rasul, A History of the All India Kisan Sabha, National Book Agency,
Calcutta, 1989.
 M.N.Srinivas, Social Change in Modern India, Orient Longman, Delhi, 1972.
 Mohit Sen, The Indian Revolution, Review and Perspectives,New Delhi,1970.
 Nitish Ranjan Ray, et al (ed.), Challenge A Saga for India’s Struggle for Freedom,
New Delhi, 1984.
 P.C.Bamford, Histories of Khilafat and Non cooperation Movements, Delhi, 1985.
 P.N.Chopra, Social and Cultural History of India, Sterling, 1979.
 R.C.Majumdar(ed.), The History and Culture of the Indian People,Bharatiya Vidya
Bhavan Series,Vol. VII,VIII,IX,X,XI,Bombay.
 R.C.Majumdar, History of the Freedom Movement in India, III Vols, Firma
K.L.Mukhopadhyay, Calcutta, 1975.
 R.P.Dutt, India Today and Tomorrow, People‘s Publishing House, Delhi, 1955.
 R.P.Dutt, India Today, Bombay, 1949.
 S.B.Chaudhari, Civil Rebellion in the Indian Mutinies 1857-59, Calcutta,1957.
 S.N.Sen, Eighteen Fifty Seven, Delhi, 1957.
 S.N.Sen, History of Freedom Movement in India, New Age International, New Delhi,
1997.
 S.P.Nanda, History of Modern India, Dominant Publishers, New Delhi, 2012.
 S.Wolpert, A New History of India, OUP, New York, 1977.
 Sandhya Chaudhuri, Gandhi and the Partition of India, New Delhi, 1984.
 Satyabrata Rai Chowdhury, Leftist Movements in India 1917-1947, Calcutta, 1977.
 Subrata Banerjee, The RIN Strike, New Delhi, 1981.
 Sugata Bose and Ayesha Jalal, Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political
Economy, Oxford, 2000.
 Sukomal Sen, Working Class of India, K.P.Bagchi and Company,Calcutta,1997.
 Sumit Sarkar, Modern India: 1885-1947, Macmillan, 1995.
 Sumit Sarkar, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, 1903-1908, People‘s Publishing
House, 1973.
 Suresh Jnaneswaran, All India Kisan Sabha and the Anti- Imperialist Struggle,1936-
1939, Kerala Historical Society,Thiruvananthapuram,1999.
 Tara Chand, History of the Freedom Movement in India, IV vols., Publications
Division, New Delhi,1983.
 Tirthankar Roy, The Economic History of India: 1857-1947, Oxford, 2006.
 V.P.Menon, The Transfer of Power in India, Princeton, 1957.

49
 HY 233 - KERALA HISTORY –III
(Colonialism and Nationalism - From 1498 To 1956 C.E)

Aim: The paper historically analyses the mode of colonial expansion in the state of Kerala
from 1498 to 1956.

Objectives

 To understand the process of colonial expansion and consolidation in Kerala

 To explain the genesis and growth of resistance against colonialism
 To trace the rise and spread of socio-economic changes
 To explore the beginning of nationalism in Malabar.
 To estimate the political awakening in Travancore and Cochin.

Course Contents

Module I: Colonial Relations and Consolidation in Kerala

Expansion of commercial crops cultivation – Growth of craft production – Inland trade –
Maritime trade – Arab trade and Chinese trade – Growth of New trade centers – Rise of
towns –Monetization and trade – Portuguese and Dutch – Relations with native rulers – Trade
and settlements - Marthanda Varma and the rise of Travancore – Early English and French
factories and trade relations – Channels of trade and flow of wealth – Invasions of Hyder Ali
and Tipu Sultan- Socio – Economic and Cultural Impact – Debates on Mysorean Intervention
– Saktan Thampuran and the rise of Cochin

Module II: Resistance Movements

Attingal Revolt – Revolt of the Patinjare Kovilakam Rajas – Revolt of Velu Thampi and
Paliyath Achan – Nair Brigade and Carnatic Brigade – Quilon Conspiracy – Kurichya Revolt
– 19th Century Mappila Uprising –Nature of Early Resistance Movements

Module III: Beginnings of Socio-Economic Changes

The British Land Revenue Administration in Malabar – Pandarappattam Proclamation and
Jenmi Kudiyan Regulation in Travancore – The Situation in the Cochin State – Changes in
the Agrarian Relations – Evangelist and Educational Activities of Christian Missionaries –
Role of Printing Press – Social Legislations in Travancore and Cochin – Abolition of
Uzhiyam – Abolition of Devadasi System and Marumakkathayam

Module IV: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

Factors responsible for the rise of Socio-Religious Reform Movements – Upper Cloth
Agitation Kallumala Agitation – Temple Entry Movements – Vaikkom – Guruvayur – Impact
of Socio -Religious Reform Movements
Module V: National Movement in Malabar
National Movement in Malabar – Genisis of political awakening – Home Rule League –
Khilafat – Non-Co-operation Movement – Malabar Rebellion of 1921 and its Nature – Civil
50
Disobedience Movement – Role of Women – Working Class and Peasant Movements –
Congress Socialist Party – Communist party – Quit India Movement – Kayyur – Karivallur

Module VI: Political Awakening in Cochin and Travancore

Emergence of Political Consciousness in Travancore – Era of Memorials – Political
journalism –Civic Rights League – Nivarthana Agitation – Travancore State Congress and
the Struggle for Responsible Government – Role of Women in freedom movement – Annie
Mascarene and Akkamma Cheriyan – Political unrest – C.P. Ramaswami Iyer – Punnapra
Vayalar Revolt – Aikya Kerala Movement – Early Political Agitations in Cochin – Activities
of Cochin State Praja Mandal – Responsible Government in Cochin

References :

 A. Sreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History, S.Viswanathan, Madras, 1991.

 A. Sreedhara Menon, Kerala History and its Makers, S.Viswanathan, Madras, 1990.
 A. Sreedhara Menon, Triumph and Tragedy in Travancore: Annals of Sir C.P’s
Sixteen Years, D.C.Books, Kottayam,2001.
 A.K. Pillai, Congressum Keralavum (Mal.), Thiruvananthapuram, 1935.
 A.K. Poduval, Keralathile Karshaka Prasthanam (Mal.), Thiruvananthapuram, 1989.
 A.P. Ibrahim Kunju, Mappila Muslims of Kerala, Sandhya Publications,
Thiruvananthapuram, 1989.
 A.P. Ibrahim Kunju, Medieval Kerala, International Centre for Kerala Studies,
University of Kerala, Kariavattom, 2007.
 A.P. Ibrahim Kunju, Mysore- Kerala Relations in the 18th Century, Kerala
Historical Society, Thiruvananthapuram, 1975.
 A.Raghu, Duty, Destiny and Glory: The Life of C.P.Ramaswamy Aiyyar, Orient
Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2014
 Ashin Das Gupta, Malabar in Asian Trade, Cambridge, London, 1967.
 Asokan Mundone(ed), Religion Community Identity:Reform and Change in
Kerala,ISDA Publications,Trivandrum, 2016
 B. Shobhanan, The Nadars and Temple Entry Movement, Vaikundaswami,
International Centre for Study and Research, Thycadu, 2017.
 Binoo.K.John, The Curry Coast: Travels in Malabar 500 years from Vasco da
Gama, Speaking Tiger Publishing, New Delhi, 1999
 C.K. Karem, Kerala Under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, Cochin, 1973.
 C.Narayana Pillai, Thiruvithamcore Swathantriya Samara Charithram (Mal.),
Thiruvananthapuram, 1972.
 Charles Dias, The Portuguese in Malabar,A Social History of Luso Indians,
Manohar Publications, New Delhi, 2013.
 D. Daniel, Struggle for Responsible Government in Travancore, Raj Publishers,
Madurai, 1985.
 Denys Forrest, The Life and Death of Tipu Sultan, Bombay, 1970.
 E.M.S. Namboodiripad, A Short History of Peasant Movement in Kerala, Bombay,
1943.
 Filippo Osella and Caroline Osella, The Social Mobility in Kerala: Modernity and
Identity in conflict, Pluto Press, London, 2000.

51
 George Gheverghese Joseph, George Joseph: The Life and Times of a Kerala
Christian Nationalists, Orient Blackswan,Hyderabad, 2003
 George Woodcock, Kerala, A Portrait of the Malabar Coast, Faber and Faber,
London, 1967.
 Joy Balan Vlanthangara, Kerala Samsthana Roopikaranam, Chintha Publishers,
Thiruvananthapuram, 2018.
 K. Madhavan Nair, MalabarKalapam (Mal.), Calicut, 2002.
 K. Ramachandran Nair, Gandhiyum Kerlavum (Mal), Kerala Bhasha Institute,
Trivandrum, 2012.
 K.K. Kusuman, A History of Trade and Commerce in Travancore, Mittal
Publications, Delhi, 1987.
 K.K. Kusuman, The Extremist Movement in Kerala, Charithram Publications,
Thiruvananthapuram, 1977.
 K.K.N. Kurup, History of Agrarian Struggles in Kerala, TVPM, 1989.
 K.M. Chummar, Thiruvithamcore State Congress (Mal.),State Institute of
Languages, Thiruvananthapuram,2013.
 K.M. Panikkar, A History of Kerala (1498 to 1801), Annamalainagar, 1960.
 K.N. Ganesh, State formation in Kerala; A Historical Overview, ICHR, Southern
Regional Centre, Bangalore, 2010.
 K.N. Panikkar, Against Lord and State: Religion and Peasant Uprisings in Malabar
(1836-1921), Delhi, 1972.
 K.Sivasankaran Nair, Keralam Oru Lanthakarante Drishtiyil (Mal),Kerala Bhasha
Institute,Tvm, 2005
 Kate Brittle Bank, Tipu Sultan’s Search for Legitimacy, Islam and Kingship in a
Hindu Domain, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,1997.
 Koji Kawashima, Missionaries and a Hindu State-Travancore 1858-1936, Oxford,
Delhi, 1998.
 Lawrence Lopez, A Social History of Modern Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 1988.
 Louise Ouwerkerk, No Elephants for the Maharaja: Social and Political Change in
the Princely State of Travancore (1921-1947), Manohar, New Delhi,1980.
 M.J. Koshy, Constitutionalism in Travancore and Cochin, Kerala Historical Society,
Thiruvananthapuram, 1972.
 M.J. Koshy, Genesis of Political Consciousness in Kerala, TVPM, 1972.
 M.J. Koshy, Last Days of Monarchy in Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 1973.
 M.P. MujeebRehman, The Other side of the Story: Tipu Sultan, Colonialism and
Resistance in Malabar, Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society, Kottayam, 2016.
 Mahmood Kooria and Michael Naylor Pearson, Malabar in the Indian Ocean:
Cosmopolitanism in a Maritime Historical Region, Oxford University Press,2018
 Mohibul Hasan, Tipu Sultan, Calcutta, 1951.
 N.Rajendran, Establishment of British Power in Malabar, Allahabad, 1979.
 P. Sanal Mohan, Strategies Against Caste Inequality in Colonial Kerala, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi, 2015.
 P.Bhaskaranunni, Pathonpathamnoottandile Keralam(Mal), Kerala Sahitya
Academy,Thrissur, 1988
52
 P.Chandramohan, Developmental Modernity in Kerala: Narayana Guru, SNDP
Yogam and Social Reform, Tulika Books, Newdelhi, 2016
 P.Govinda Pillai, Kerala Navodhanam Oru Marxist Veekshanam (Mal.),Chintha,
Thiruvananthapuram,2003
 P.J. Cherian (ed.), Perspectives on Kerala History, Gazetteers Department,
Thriruvananthapuram, 1999.
 P.K.K. Menon, The History of Freedom Movement in Kerala (Vol.II),
Thiruvananthapuram, 1970.
 P.S. Raghavan, The History of Freedom Movement in Kerala (Vol.I),
Thiruvananthapuram, 1970.
 R.N. Yesudas, A People’s Revolt in Travancore: A Backward Class Movement for
Social Freedom, Kerala Historical Society, Thiruvananthapuram, 1975.
 Robin Jeffrey, The Decline of Nair Dominance: Society and Politics in Travancore
1847-1908, Manohar, New Delhi, 1994.
 Ronald E Miller, Mappila Muslims of Kerala, Madras, 1976.
 S. Raimon, et al, The History of Freedom Movement in Kerala, Vol.III (1938-1948),
State Archives Department, Thiruvananthapuram,2006.
 S. Ramachandran Nair, Freedom Struggle in Colonial Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram,
2004.
 S. Ramachandran Nair, The State and Economy in Colonial British Kerala,
Thiruvananthapuram, 1998.
 S. Thulaseedharan Assary, Colonialism, Princely States and Struggle for
Liberation: Travancore (1938-47),A.P.H Publishing Corporation, New Delhi,2009.
 S.Sivadasan and C.N. Somarajan, Civic Right Movement in Travancore, Kollam,
1995.
 Samual Mateer, The Lord of Charity, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, 1991.
 Samual Mateer, The Native Life in Travancore, London, 1833.
 Sathyan Edakkad, Vasco Da Gama and the Unknown facts of History, Eye books,
Ramanattukara, 2010.
 Stephen Dale, The Mappilas of Malabar 1498 to 1922,Oxford,1980.
 T. Madhava Menon (ed.),A Handbook of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 2000
 T.C. Varghese, Agrarian Change and Economic Consequences: Land Tenures in
Kerala 1850-1960, Bombay, 1970.
 T.J. Nossiter, Communism in Kerala, A Study of Political Adaptation, Berkeley,
California, 1981.
 T.K. Velu Pillai, The Travancore State Manual (4 Vols.), Thiruvananthapuram,
1996.
 T.K.Ravindran, Vaikkom Satyagraha and Gandhi, Thiruvananthapuram, 1975.
 V.V. Kunhikrishnan, Tenancy Legislation in Malabar, New Delhi,1993.
 Victor M. Fic, Kerala, Yenan of India, Rise of Communist Power 1937-1969,
Bombay, 1970.
 William Logan, Malabar Manual, Gazetteers Department, Thiruvananthapuram,
2000.

53
 (Elective)

HY234 A- MODERN REVOLUTIONS - ENGLISH, AMERICAN AND

FRENCH

Module I:
Background of English Revolution – Struggle between the King and the Parliament – The
Restoration Settlement, 1660 – Emergence of Mercantile Class – Decline of Feudalism

Module II
Glorious Revolution, 1688 – Bill of Rights, 1689 – Constitutional Monarchy

Module III
Establishment of British Colonies in America – The American War of Independence –
Mercantile Policy – Resistance by the Colonists – Intellectual Background – Treaty of Paris

Module IV
Significance of American War of Independence – Philadelphia Convention – Federal
Constitution

Module V
The French Revolution – Background – Social Stratification – The Bourgeoisie –
Intellectuals – Rousseau – Voltaire – Montesquieu – Fall of Bastille – National Assembly –
Fall of Monarchy

Module VI
Consequences of the French Revolution – Nature – Significance – Republican Constitution

References:

 Albert Soboul, French Revolution, University of California Press, London, 1977.

 Bud Hannings, Chronology of the American Revolution, McFarland and Company
Incorporated Pub, 2008.
 Burns and Burns, World Civilizations, Norton, 1964.
 Clayton Roberts and David Roberts, History of England Pre History to 1714,Vol I,
6th edition,2016.
 David Gilmour, The British in India, Three Centuries of Ambition of Experience,
Penguin Books, 2018
 David Hardiman, The Non Violent Struggle for Indian Freedom, 105-19, Penguin
Random House, 2018.
 G M Trevelyan, The English Revolution-1688-1689, Oxford University Press, New
York, 1948.
 M.A. Ansari, History of Modern India, Rajat Publications, New Delhi, 2018
54
 Manak Kumar Dey, History of America, Dominant Publishers and Distributors, New
Delhi,2006.
 Neelam, Status of Women in India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern Periods), Abhijeet
Publications, New Delhi, 2018.
 Owen Connelly, The Wars of the French Revolution and Napolean,1792-1815, 2006.
 Robert Allison, The American Revolution: A Concise History, Oxford University
Press, New York, 2011,
 Robert R Palmer, The Age of Democratic Revolutions, Princeton University Press,
New Jersey, USA, 1964.
 Sanjeev Anand, Ambedkar and Dalit Movement, Writers World, New Delhi, 2018
 Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History, Wiley and Putnam, NewYork,
1846.
 William Doyle, Oxford History of French Revolution, Oxford University Press, New
York, 2002.
 William Miller, A New History of United States, Dell Publishing Company, US,
1975.

55
 (Elective)

HY 234 B-MODERN EUROPE 1789-1914

Module I

Socio Economic and Intellectual Background of Europe – French Revolution-Napoleon

Bonaparte – Congress of Vienna – The Concert of Europe – The Third French Republic

Module II

Unification of Germany – Nationalism – State Building – William I and Prussia – Rise of

Bismarck – Franco Prussian War

Module III

Unification of Italy – Mazzini – Garibaldi – Victor Emmanuel II – Count Cavour –

Annexationist Movement – Completion of the Union – Industrialisation

Module IV

Revolutions of 1848 – Era of Metternich – Great Britain and Colonialism – Resurgent

Imperialism – Exploitation of the New World – Tribute from Asian Conquests

Module V

Rise of Russia – Modern Industrialisation – Repression – Revolution of 1905 – The Austro

Hungarian Monarchy – Magyarism in Hungary

Module VI

The Eastern Question – Turkey and the Balkans

References:

 Andrina Stiles and Robert Pearce, The Unification of Italy (Access to history),
Hodder General Publishing Division,2006.
 Angus Calder, Revolutionary Empire: Rise of the English-speaking Empire from the
Fifteenth Century to the 1780 's, Pimlico,3 Sep 1988 (first published in 15'h April
1981).
 Anthony J. Heywood and Jonathan D. Smele, The Russian Revolution of 1905:
Centenary Perspectives, Routledge,3 April 2013.
 C A Bailey, The Birth of the Modern World, Wiley,2004.
 C.J.H. Hayes, Modern Europe to 1870, Surjeet Publications, 2001.
 David Thompson, Europe Since Napolean, Knopf Doubleday Publishing group,
1957, NewYork.
 E H Carr, History of Soviet Russia, Pelican Books,1972.
 E J Hobswam, Age ofRevolutions, Vintage, 26 Nov 1996(first published in 1962).
56
 E.Lipson, Europe in the XIXth and XXth Centuries (Since 1815), Surjeet
Publications, 2005.
 Erich Eyck, Bismarck and the German Empire, W.W.Norton and Company,17 Jan
1964(first published in 1950).
 J .M Roberts, The Penguin History of Europe, Penguin Books,1 Dec 1988 (first
published in1966).
 John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe, Vol. 2: From the French Revolution
to the Present, Third Edition, W.W.Norton,1996.
 L. Mukherjee, The Study of European History 1453-1815,Surjeet Publications,2018.
 Peter Jones, The 1848 Revolutions, Pearson Education Limited, NewYork,1991.
 R R Palmer, A History ofModern World, Knopf.Doubleday Publishing group, New
York,2002

57
 (Elective)

HY 234 C-THE RISE OF MODERN CHINA

Module I: The Revolution of 1911

Background – Decay of Monarchy – Nationalism– Revolutionary Movements – Tung Meng

Hui-Sun Yat Sen – Canton Uprisings – Republic of China – Yuan Shih Kai – Campaign for
Constitutional Government – Impact of First World War

Module II: The Revolutionary Movements in China

Impact of the Russian Revolution – The May 4th Movement – Formation of Chinese
Communist Party – War Lord Era – Working Class Movements – The First Revolutionary
Civil War – Shanghai Uprising – Kuomintang Party and Chiang Kai Shek – The Second
Revolutionary Civil War – Agrarian Uprisings – The Long March of the Red Army – The
Japanese Invasion and the People‘s Resistance

Module III: The Birth of the People’s Republic

The Communist Victory in the Struggle against Kuomintang – Role of Mao Tse Tung – New
Democracy – Formation of the People‘s Republic

Module IV: China under Mao Tse Tung (1949-1976)

Era of Mao-Policies – Great Leap Forward – Cultural Revolution – Impact

Module V: China as a World Power

Deng Xiao Ping – Change of Policies – Special Economic Zones – Industrial and Military
Giant

Module VI: China and Globalisation

Economic Shifts – Growth of GDP – Member of WTO – China and International

Organisations– Emerging Super Power

References:

 Barnett A Doak,Uncertain Passage: China's Transition to the Post-Mao Era,

Washington, Brookings Institution, 1974
 Chun Shu Chang, The Making of China: Main Themes in Pre-Modern Chinese
History, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1975.
 Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese History: A Manual, Cambridge, Mass Harvard
University, Asia Centre, 1998.
 Harold C Hinton (ed.), The People's Republic of China: A Handbook Boulder, West
view Press, 1977.
 Harold M Vinacke, A History of the Far East in Modern Times, Surjeet Publications,
2009

58
 Immanuel C.Y. Hsu, The Rise of Modern China, Oxford University Press, 2000.
 Immanuel C.Y.Hsu, The Rise of Modern China, (2ndEd.) Oxford University
Press,New York, 1975.
 James C Hsiung, Ideology and Practice: The Evolution of Chinese Communism,
New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.
 Jean Chesneaux, China, The People's Republic, 1949-1976 (Tr. Paul Auster and
Lydia Davis), New York: Pantheon, 1979.
 John Gittings, The World and China, 1922-1972, New York; Harper and Row, 1974.
 Livio Maitan, Part, Army and Masses in China: A Marxist interpretation of The
Cultural Revolution and its Aftermath, London: New Left Books, 1976.
 Maurice Meisncr, Mao's China: A History of the Peoples Republic III
(Transformation of Modem China Series) New York: Free Press, 1977
 Michael Loewe, Imperial China: The Historical Background to the Modern Age,
New York, Praeger, 1966.
 Molly Joel Coey and Jon Livingston (eds.), China Yesterday and Today,(2"ded)
New York Bantam Books, 1979
 Owen and Eleanor Lattimore, The Making of Moden China A Short History, Surjeet
Publications, Delhi, 2011
 Rana Mitter, A Bitter Revolution China’s Struggle with the Modern World, Oxford
University Press, 2004.
 Richard H Solomon, Mao's Revolution and the Chinese Political Culture, Berkley:
University of California Press, 1971
 Suyin Han, The Morning Deluge: Mao Tse-tung and the Chinese Revolution, 1883-
1953, London, Jonathan Cape, 1972.
 Wolfram Eberhard, A History of China,(4thedn.) Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1977.

59
SEMESTER : IV

HY 241 - INDIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

AIM : The paper aims at a critical study of the development of analytical skills and
accumulation of significant knowledge about Indian historiography in its variegated
perspectives.
Objectives

 To trace the evolution of Indian historiography.

 To understand the paradigm shift in Indian historiography.
 To emphasis the scope and importance of Indian historiography in the realm of main
stream historiography.
Course Contents
Module I: Ancient Historiography
Debate on Historical Consciousness in ancient India – Vedic – Ithihasa- Purana Tradition –
Charithas : Harsha Charitha - Kavyas : Athula and Mushakavamsakavya – Prasasthis –
Gadhas – Buddhist and Jain Literature – Kalhana and Rajatharangini

Module II: Medieval Historiography

Sultanate historiography – Ziauddin Barani – Al-Biruni – Arab travel accounts – Mughal
historiography – Abul Fazal – Abdul Faizi –Babur – Autobiography and biographies –
Memoires – Chronicles – Travel accounts.

Module III: Colonial Historiography

Indology/ Orientalism – William Jones – Max Muller – James Princep – Charles Wilkins –
Utilitarianism and James Mill – Evangelicals and Charles Grant – Imperialist/ Administrative
historians – Vincent Smith – New Cambridge Historiography

Module IV: Nationalist Historiography

Nationalist approach – K.P. Jayaswal – R.G. Bhandarkar – R.K. Mukherjee – R.C. Majumdar
– J.N. Sankar – K.A. Nilakanta Sastri – Economic Critique of Colonialism – Dadabai Naoroji
– R.C. Dutt

Module V: Marxist Historiography

M.N Roy – R.P. Dutt – D.D. Kosambi – R.S. Sharma – D.N. Jha – Romila Thapar –
R. Champakalakshmi – Muhammed Habib – Irfan Habib – Sathish Chandra –
A.R. Desai – Bipan Chandra – Sumit Sarkar – K.N. Panikker - S. Gopal

Module VI: Paradigm shifts in Historiography

History from below – Ranajith Guha and Subaltern Studies – Partha Chatterji, Shahid Amin –
Dipesh Chakravarthi – Gyanendra Pandey – Gayathri Chakravarthi Spivak – Recent Trends –
Gender – Uma Chakravarthi – Environmental History – Ramachandra Guha – Madav Gadgil
– Dalit – Kancha Ilaiah

60
References :

 A C Pradhan, The Emergence of the Depressed Classes, Delhi, Book Land

International, 1986.
 A K Roy, New Dalit Revolution, Patna, 1980.
 A R Deasai, (ed), Peasant Struggles in India, New Delhi, 1979.
 Amit Kumar Gupta, The Agrarian Drama, The leftists and the Rural Poor in India,
1934-1951, NMML, Manohar ,New Delhi,1996.
 Barbara B Joshi (ed), Untouchable! Voices of the Dalit Liberation Movement,
London, Zed Books, 1986.
 D DKosambi, The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India in Historical Out line,
Reprint, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, 1991; Also, Myth and Reality, Bombay,
1962: Exasperating Essays: Exercises in the Dialectical Method,Pune,1957.
 D N Dhanagare, Peasant Movements in India, 1920-1950, Delhi,1983.
 Dipesh Chakravarthy, Rethinking Working Class History: Bengal, 1890-1940,
Delhi, 1989.
 E M S Namboodiripad, A History of Indian Freedom Struggle, Trivandrum, 1986.
 Gail Omvedt, Dalits and the Democratic Revolution, Dr. Ambedkar and the Dali
Movement in Colonial India, Sage, New Delhi, 1994.
 Georg G Iggers/Edward Wang, Global History of Modern Historiography, Pearson,
New Delhi, 2010.
 Iqtidar Husain Siddiqui, ‗The origin and growth of an Islamic Historiography in
India‘, Journal of Objective Studies, Vol. 1, Nos. 1-2, July-October, 1989, Jamia
Nagar, New Delhi.
 James Mill, The History of British India, 2ndedition, London, Baldwin, Cradock and
Joy,1820.
 John Tosh (ed), Historians on History, Pearson Education, London, 2000.
 K.A. Nizami, ‗Historical Literature of Akbar‘s Reign‘ in On History and Historians
of Medieval India, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1983.
 Kancha Ilaiah, Why I am not a Hindu: A Sudra Critique of Hindutva Philosophy,
Culture, and Political Economy. Calcutta: Samya Publications, 1996.
 KP Karunakaran, Religion and Awakening in India, Meerut, Meenakshi Prakashan,
2nd edition, 1969.
 Max Muller, India-What Can It Teach Us?, Longmans, Green and Company,
London, 1883.
 Michael Bently (ed), Companion to Historiography, Routledge, London/New York,
1997.
 Michael Gottlob (ed), Historical Thinking in South Asia: A handbook of Sources
from Colonial Times to the Present, OUP, New Delhi, 2003.
 MN Roy, ‗India in Transition‘,in Selected Works of M N Roy,Sibnarayan Ray(ed),
Delhi,Oxford UP, 1987.
 N G Ranga, Revolutionary Peasants, Madras,1949.
 Naoroji, Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India, New Delhi, Government of India,
Publication Division, n.d.
61
 Norman Ahmad Siddiqui, ‗ShaikhAbulFazl‘ in Historians of Medieval India, ed. By
Mohibul Hasan, Meerut, 1968.
 Peter J Marshall (ed), The British Discovery of Hinduism in the Eighteenth Century,
Cambridge, U P,1970.
 Peter Robb(ed), Dalit Movements and the Meanings of Labour, Delhi,1993.
 R C Dutt, The Economic History of India, New Delhi, Government of India,
Publication Division, 1960.
 R C Sharma, Historiography and Historians in India since Independence, M G
Publishers, Agra, 1991.
 R Chandravarkar, The Origins of Industrial Capitalism in India: Business
Strategies and the Working Class in India, 1900-1940, Cambridge,1994.
 R P Dutt, India Today, Calcutta, 1989.
 R S Sharma, ‗Problem of Transition from Ancient to Medieval in Indian History‘
IHR 1, New Delhi, 1974.
 Ramesh Chandra Sharma, et al, Historiography and Historians in India Since
Independence, Agra, M G Publishers, 1991.
 RomilaThapar, ‗The Contribution of D.D. Kosambi to Indology‘, in RomilaThapar,
Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History, New Delhi, OUP, 2000.
 Suresh Jnaneswaran (ed), Historiography: Structure and Practice,
Thiruvananthapuram, 2010.
 Thomas R Metcalf, ‗The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India‘,
Journal of Inter disciplinary History, Volume 41:2,No2., Autumn 2010.
 Venkatswamy, Our Struggle for Emancipation, Volume II, Universal Art Printers,
Secunderabad, 1965.
 Wyschogrod, (ed), An Ethics of Remembering: History, Heterology and the Nameless
Others, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

62
 HY 242 - INDIAN HISTORY – IV
(Contemporary India)

Aim: The paper intends to familiarize the history of India since independence.

Objectives

 To understand the process of ‗nation in the making‘.

 To familiarize the historical developments that occurred in India since Independence.
 To understand the contemporary issues.
Course Content

Module I: Post Independent Era

Problem of Integration – Sardar Vallabhai Patel – B.R.Ambedkar and framing of Indian
Constitution – Linguistic Reorganization of States – The Tribal Problems

Module II: Indian Politics in Transition

Age of Nehru – From Lal Bahadur Shastri to Indira Gandhi – J.P. Movement and Emergency
– The Janata Interregnum – Rajiv Gandhi and V.P.Singh – Indian Political scenario since
1990

Module III: Foreign Policy of India

Evolution – Non Alignment – India and International organizations – UNO, Commonwealth,
SAARC, BRICS – India and her neighbours – Cooperation and conflict – Trade and
Commerce – Sino Indian conflict of 1962 – Indo-Pak Wars of 1965 and 1971
– Shift in India‘s Foreign Policy since 1990
Module IV: Transition of Economy and Scientific Developments
Indian Economy: The Nehruvian Legacy – Assessment of Five Year Plans – Niti Aayog –
Mixed Economy – Panchayati Raj – Land reforms – Zamindari Abolition and Tenancy
reforms – Ceiling and the Bhoodan Movement – Green Revolution – White Revolution
– Liberalization and Globalization on Indian Economy – Impact – Present Scenario
– India‘s Defence Industry and Scientific Developments

Module V: Assimilation, Marginalisation and Conflict

Minorities and depressed communities – Anti-caste and Dalit movement – Question of
Reservation – Anti Mandal Agitation – Land Question – Maoists – Environmental
Movements – Chipko – Narmada Bachchao Andolan – Farmers Movement

Module VI: Contemporary Culture – Forms of Expression

Print and Electronic Media – Liberal and Performing arts – Social Media – Pros and Cons
References:

 Amartya Sen and Pranab Bardwan, The Political Economy of Development in India,
OUP,1998.
63
 Asish Kumar Das (ed.), Contemporary Issues and Social Movements in India,Sarup
Book Publications,New Delhi,2009.
 B.R.Nanda (ed.), Indian Foreign Policy: The Nehru Years,Delhi,1976.
 Bimal Jalan (ed.), The Indian Economy: Problems and Prospects,New Delhi,1992.
 Bipan Chandra, et al, India After Independence 1947-2000,Penguin Books,New
Delhi,2002.
 Christophe Jaffrelot (ed.), India Since 1950,Yatra Books,New Delhi,2012.
 D.R.Gadgil, The Indian Economy: Problems and Prospects,Oxford,New Delhi,2011.
 Express Publications, India 1000 to 2000,Madurai,1997.
 Express Publications, India AT 50, Madurai,1997.
 G.Kotovsky, Agrarian Reforms in India,New Delhi,1964.
 Gail Omvedt, Dalit Visions, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2006.
 Gail Omvedt, Dalits and the Democratic Revolution, Sage,New Delhi,1994.
 Gail Omvedt, Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist
Tradition in India, London,1993.
 Ghanshyam Shah (ed.), Social Movements and the State, Sage,New Delhi,2002.
 Government of India, Report of the States Reorganization Committee.
 Gyanendra Pandey,Remembering Partition,Cambridge,2001.
 Hiranmay Karlekar,Independent India: The First Fifty Years,Delhi,1998.
 Imtiaz Ahamad, Shashi Bhushan Upadhyay (Ed.), Dalit Assertion in Society,
Literature and History, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2011.
 K.S.Singh(ed.),Tribal Movements in India,2 vols.,New Delhi,1982.
 M.K. Santhanam (ed.),Fifty Years of Indian Republic,Publications Division,New
Delhi, 2000.
 Meghnad Desai, The Rediscovery of India,Penguin,New Delhi,2009.
 Mushirul Hassan, Legacy of a Divided Nation, Oxford, New Delhi,1997.
 N.N.Vohra and Sabyasachi Bhattacharya,Looking Back: India in the Twentieth
 Nehru Centre, Witness to History: Transition and Transformation of India 1947-1964,
Oxford, 2011.
 Partha Chatterjee (ed.),Wages of Freedom: Fifty Years of the Indian Nation State,
Delhi,1998.
 Paul.R.Brass, The Politics of India Since Independence,Cambridge Delhi,2001.
 Pauline Kokenda,Caste in Contemporary India,Rawat,Jaipur,1984.
 Peter Ronald de Souza (ed.), Contemporary India: transitions, Sage, New Delhi,
2000.
 Publications Division, India 2014, New Delhi,2014.
 Publications Division, India- 40 Years of Independence,New Delhi,1989.
 R.K.Sinha (ed.), Economic Development Since Independence,Deep and Deep
Publications, New Delhi,1998.
 Ramachandra Guha, India After Gandhi,Pan Macmillan,London,2008.
64
 Rosalind O’Hanlon, Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low
Caste Protest in Nineteenth Century Western India, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi,
2012.
 S.Gopal (ed.),Anatomy of a Confrontation: The Babari Masjid Rama Janma Bhumi,
Viking,New Delhi,1991.
 S.K.Khanna, Contemporary Indian Politics,Discovery Publishing House, New
Delhi,1999.
 S.Mohan Kumaramangalam, India’s Language Crisis, Madras,1965.
 Stanley Wolpert, Nehru: A Tryst With Destiny,Replica Books,2000.
 Stanley Wolpert,A New History of India,OUP,2004.
 T. Suryanarayana Sastry, Fifty Years of Indian Independence and thePolity, A.P.H.
Publishing Corporation, New Delhi,2000.
 T.V.Sathyamurthy (ed.),Industry and Agriculture in India Since Independence,Delhi,
1995.
 Terence.J.Byres (ed.),The Indian Economy: Major Debates Since Independence,OUP,
2000.
 Upendra Baxi and Bhikhu Parekh (ed.), Crisis and Change in Contemporary India,
Sage, New Delhi,1998.
 V.A.Pai Panandiker (ed.), Fifty Years of Swaraj,Konark Publications,New Delhi,
1998.
 V.Krishna Ananth, India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics,
Pearson, New Delhi, 2010.
 V.N.Khanna, Foreign Policy of India,Vikas Publishing House,Delhi,1997.
 V.P.Menon, Integration of the Indian States, Madras,1985.
 Vasant Nargolkar, J P’s Crusade for Revolution,S.Chand and Company,New Delhi,
1975.
 Verinder Grover, Essays on Indian Government and Politics,Deep and Deep,New
Delhi, 1988.
 Yogendra Singh, Social Change in India, New Delhi,1993

65
 HY 243 - KERALA HISTORY –IV
(Contemporary Period - From 1956 To 2019 C.E)

Aim: The paper covers the contemporary history of Kerala.

Objectives

 To examine the problems of new social movements, development politics, social

exclusion and environmental issues.
 To introduce contemporary debates on selected issues
 To review the problems and prospects of Kerala Economy, Education and Health.
 To explore the challenges of women, Dalit and other marginalized sections.
 To attempt a critical assessment of Kerala Model of Development.

Course Content

Module-I: Formation of Kerala State – Communist Ministry

Progressive Legislations – Agrarian Relations Bill – Education Bill – Administrative
Reforms Committee Report – Liberation Struggle – Dismissal of Ministry – Coalition
Governments and Political Experiments – Saptamunnani – Emergence of Regional parties.

Module II: Kerala Economy

Land reform legislations and land ceiling – End of feudalism – Redistribution of surplus land
– Forest land and grant of title deeds to the possessors – Tribal land and legislation –
Plantations and Investment of Capital – Transformation of agriculture – Changes in land use
pattern – Current problems in the agricultural sector – Traditional industries – Public sector
undertakings and investment of capital by the central and state Governments – Gulf
Migration and its impact – Private enterprise – Impact of economic liberalization – Industrial
relations and trade unions

Module III: Education, Health

Growth of education – Education policies – School education – Higher education and
technical education – Universities – The Kerala State Higher Education Council – Functions
– Institutions of higher learning – Quality – Education reports of Government Agencies on
education – Literacy movement – Grandhasala Prasthanam – The public health sector – Low
mortality and high morbidity – Rural dispensaries and public health awareness – The private
health care sector – Kerala health scenario – Health Tourism

Module IV: Women, Dalits and other Marginalized Sections

Women and their Rights – Transgressions on Women Rights – Violence against Women –
Women‘s Movements – Issues of Transgender – Adivasis – Land Question – Muthanga and
Chengara – Dalit Movements – Fisher Folk and their problems.

66
Module-V: Popular Movements
Co-operative Movement – Peoples Science Movement – Protection of environment – Silent
Valley – Endosulphan – Plachimada – Vilappil Sala – Alappadu – Peringamala – Waste
disposal Management

Module VI: Towards a new Society

Globalization – Impact – Social Media – Use and Abuse – Kerala Model Debate – Paradigm
and Parameters – Problems – Flood of 2018 and popular response – Nava Kerala Nirmithi –
Relevance of Disaster Management

References :

 A K Gopalan, Kerala: Past and Present, London, 1959.

 A. Balakrishnan Nair, Landmarks in the Administration of Kerala, Indian Institute
of Public Administration, Thiruvananthapuram, 1996.
 Abraham Vijayan, Caste, Class and Agrarian Relations in Kerala, Reliance, 1998.
 B.A Prakash and Prabhakaran Nair, Kerala’s Development Issues in the New
Millennium, Serials Publications, New Delhi,2008.
 B.A. Prakash (ed.), Kerala’s Economic Development: Issues and Problems, Sage,
New Delhi, 1999.
 B.A. Prakash, Jerry Alwin, Kerala’s Economic Development Emerging Issues and
Challenges, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2018.
 B.A. Prakash, Kerala’s Economy, Performance, Problems and Prospects, Sage,
1994.
 Biplab Das Gupta, The Naxalite Movement, Bombay, 1970.
 C. Unnikrishnan, Granthashala Prasthanam Keralthil (Mal), Kerala Bhasha
Institute, Trivandrum, 2007.
 C.C. Kartha (ed.), Kerala Fifty Years and Beyond, Gautha Books,
Thiruvananthapuram, 2007.
 Cherian Philip, Kaal Noottandu (Mal.), NBS, 2010.
 D R Mankekar, Red Riddle of Kerala, Bombay, 1965.
 E M S Namboodiripad, How I Became A Communist, Trivandrum, 1976.
 E M S Namboodiripad, The National Question in Kerala, Bombay, 1952.
 E M S Namboodiripad, The Programme Explained, Communist Party of India
(Marxist), Calcutta,1967.
 E M S Namboodiripad, Kerala Society and Politics: An Historical Survey, New
Delhi, 1950.
 G. Gopakumar, Civil Society- Politics Interface: The Kerala Experience, Manak
Publications, New Delhi, 2013.
 H.D. Malaviya, Kerala: A Report to the Nation, People‘s Publishing House,1958.
 J. Devika, Engendering Individuals, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 2007.
 Joseph Tharamangalam (ed.), Kerala: The Paradoxes of Public Action and
Development, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 2006.

67
 Jothibai Pariyadath, Mayilamma: The life of a Tribal Eco Warrior, Orient
Blackswan, Glorious Printers, Delhi, 2018.
 K. Jafar, Education Migration and Human Development, Rawat Publications, Jaipur,
2018.
 K. Raman Pillai (ed.), Kerala Rashtreeyathinte Anderdharakal (Mal.), State Institute
of Languages, Thiruvananthapuram, 2000.
 K. Suryaprasad, Article 356 of Constitution of India: Promise and Performance,
Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi, 2001.
 K. V. Velayudhan, Economic Development of Kerala: Retrospect and Prospect,
Rainbow Book House, Chengannur, 2010.
 K.C. Zachariah, S. Irudaya Rajan, Emigration from Kerala, End of an Era,
Nalanda Books, Kochi, 2018.
 K.C. Zachariah, S. Irudaya Rajan, Kerala’s Gulf Connection, 1998-2011:
Economic and Social Impact of Migration, Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad 2012.
 K.E. Varghese, Socio-Economic Change in Kerala, Delhi, 1982.
 K.K. George, Limits to Kerala’s Development, Thiruvananthapuram,1993.
 K.P. Vijayan, Pathrangal Vichithrangal (Mal.)
 K.V. Joseph, Migration and Economic Development of Kerala, New Delhi, 1988.
 K.V. Thomas, Kerala Insurgency for Politics, Manas Publications, New Delhi, 2018.
 Kattakkada Divakaran, Kerala Sancharam (Mal.),Z Library, Thiruvananthapuram,
2005.
 Kavalam Narayana Panikkar, Folklore of Kerala, NBT, New Delhi,1999.
 Krishna Chaitanya, Kerala, NBT, New Delhi,1994.
 Liten George Christophell, The First Communist Ministry in Kerala, Culcutta, 1982.
 M.A. Oommen, A Study of Land Reforms in Kerala, New Delhi,1975.
 M.A. Oommen, Kerala Economy Since Independence, New Delhi, 1979.
 M.A. Oommen, Land Reforms and Socio-Economic Change in Kerala, Madras,
1971.
 M.G. Sasibhooshan, Murals of Kerala, TVPM, 1997.
 Meena T. Pillai, Women in Malayalam Cinema, Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2010.
 N E Balaraman, A History of the Communist Party of India, Ernakulam, 1967.
 N.K. Jayakumar (ed.), Kerala Legislature: Yesterday and Today, Secretariat of the
Kerala Legislature, Thiruvananthapuram,2001.
 P. Mohana Chandran Nair, Asha T. Cacko, Rajeev V, Arun Kumar V.S.
Morbidity in Kerala; Levels, Determinants and Differentials, Serials Publications Pvt
Ltd, New Delhi, 2018.
 P.P. Pillai (ed.), Agricultural Development in Kerala, New Delhi, 1981.
 P.Radhakrishnan, Peasant Struggle, Land Reforms and Social Change in Malabar
1836-1988, New Delhi,1989.
 Panmana Ramachandran Nair (ed.), Kerala Samskara Padhanangal (Mal.) 2 Vols,
Current Books, Kottayam,2013.

68
 Parayil Govindan (ed.), Kerala: The Development Experience: Reflections on
Sustainability and Replicability, Zed Books, London,2000.
 Pattam G. Ramachandran, Kerala Rashtreeyam Noottandinte Charithra
Pathangalil (Mal.), Sahithyavedi, Thiruvananthapuram, 2006.
 Planning Commission, Government of India, Kerala Development Report, Academic
Foundation, New Delhi, 2008.
 R Ramakrishnan Nair, How the Communist came to Power in Kerala, Trivandrum,
1965.
 R. Ramakrishnan Nair, Constitutional Experiments in Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram,
1964.
 Rajagopalan, Kerala Mathrukakkappuram (Mal.),State Institute of Languages,
Thiruvananthapuram,2000.
 Ramakrishnan Nair, Social Structure and Political Development in Kerala, TVPM,
1976.
 Richard W. Franke and Barbara H. Chasin, Kerala: Development Through
Radical Reform, Promilla and Company Publishers, 1992.
 Rivers William, Mass Media and Society, Holt, 1965.
 Satheese Chandra Bose and Shiju Sam Varughese (ed), Kerala Modernity Ideas,
Spaces and Practices in transition, Orient Blackswan, Hyderabad, 2015.
 Sebastian Joseph, Cochin forests and the British Techno-ecological Imperialism in
India, Primus Books, Delhi, 2016.
 State Institute of Language, Janakeeyasuthranam Oru Padapusthakam (Mal.)
 Suresh Jnaneswaran, Naxalite Movement in Kerala, Kerala Historical Society,
Trivandrum, 1991.
 T. Madhava Menon (ed.), A Handbook of Kerala (2 Vols.), TVPM, 2002.
 T.C. Varghese, Agrarian Change and Economic Consequences: Land Tenures in
Kerala, Bombay,1970.
 T.J. Nossiter, Communism in Kerala, Berkeley, California, 1981.
 T.K. Oommen, From Mobilization to Institutionalisation, Popular Prakashan, 1985.
 T.K. Oommen, Social Structure and Politics, Hindustan, 1984.
 T.M. Thomas Isaac, Keralam Mannum Manushyanum (Mal.), Kerala Sastra Sahitya
Parishad, Thrissur,2010.
 T.N. Jayachandran (ed.), Keralam 2000 (Mal.), State Institute of Languages,
Thiruvananthapuram,2000.
 Thomas Isaac and Richard W. Frankie, Local Democracy and Development, New
Delhi, 2000.
 V.P. Menon, The Story of the Integration of the Indian States, Orient Blackswan,
Hyderabad, 2014.
 Victor M Fic, Kerala Yenan of India, Bombay,1970.
 Vijayachandran K, Industrial Development of Kerala, Vol. II
 Vijayakumar Menon, A Brief Survey of the Art Scenario of Kerala, ICKS, 2006.

69
 (Elective)

HY-244 A - ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF INDIA

Module I
Global Trends in Environmental History – Approaches to Indian Environmental History –
Colonial and Post Colonial Historiography – Debate over the Emergence of
Environmentalism – Scope of Environmental History

Module II
Environmental Approach to Pre historic Studies – Pre Colonial Attitudes towards
Environment – Four Modes of Resource Use (Gadgil-Guha Framework) – Emergence of
Empires and Assertion of State Monopoly – The Mauryas – The Guptas – The Mughals –
Royal Hunting – Preservation of Forests

Module III
Colonialism as a watershed in Indian Environmental History – The question of Deforestation
– Impact of Ship Building Industry, Railways and World Wars on the Forests – Forest
Legislations – Botanical Gardens and Plant Transfer – Ecological Imperialism –
Contestations over Forests – Jhum Cultivation – Tribal Protest and Resistance
Module IV: Post Colonial Scenario – Industrialisation Drive – Hydro Electric Projects,
Dams, Mines – Deforestation and Pollution – Dehabitation – Development vs Deprivation –
Emergence of Environmental Movements – Chipko – Narmada Bachao Andolan – Women
and Environmental Movements
Module V: Sustainable Development – Using Sustainable Energy – Creating Eco friendly
Habitats – Laurie Baker, a Kerala Experience – Pros and Cons of Sustainable Environment
Module VI: Environmental Disasters – Recent Floods – Disaster Management in India –
Global Warming – Impact

References:

 Arnold, David and RathachandraGuha, (eds.), Nature, Culture and Imperialism:

Essays on the Environmental History of South Asia, Delhi, Oxford University
Press,1995
 B.A. Prakash, Kerala’s Economic Development, 1999.
 Baviskar, Amita, (ed.), Contested Waterscapes, Delhi, Oxford University
Press,2008.
 Baviskar, Amita, In the Belly of the River: Tribal Conflicts over Development in
Narmada Valley, Delhi, Oxford University Press,1995.
 Bohan D'Souza, Environment, Technology and Development: Critical and
Subversive Essays, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2013.
 Brandis, Dietrich, Indian Forestry, Oriental University Institute, Harvard
University,1897.
 Crosby, Alfred.W, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of
Europe,900-1900,New York, 1986.

70
 E.F. Schumacher, Small is Beautiful, 1973.
 Gadgil, M and V.D Vartak„ "Sacred Groves of India: A Plea for Continued
Conservation",Bombay Natural History Society Journal, vol.72, 1975, pp.312-20.
 Gadgil, M. and R.Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India, Delhi,
Oxford University Press,1992.
 Gadgil, Madhav, Ecology and Equity: The Use and Abuse of Nature in
Contemporary India, Delhi, 1995.
 GhazalaShahabuddin and Mahesh Rangarajan (ed.), Making Conservation Work,
Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2007.
 Grove, Richard, Vinita Damodaran and SatpalSangwan, (eds), Nature and the
Orient: The Environmental History of South and South East Asia, Delhi, Oxford
University Press,1998.
 Grove, Richard,Ecology Climate and Empire: Colonialism and Global History,
1400-1940, Cambridge, 1997.
 Grove, Richard,Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and
the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860, Cambridge University Press,1995.
 Guha, Ramachandra, The Unquiet Woods: Ecological Change and Peasant
Resistance in the Himalaya, Delhi, Oxford University Press,1989.
 Habib, Irfan, Man and Environment: The Ecological History of India, Aligarh,
Tulika,2010.
 James Gustave Speth, Global Environmental Challenges; Transition to a
Sustainable World, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2004.
 Jeffrey Sachs, The Age of Sustainable Development, 2015.
 Jyothi Krishnan, Enclosed Waters: Property Rights, Technology and Ecology in the
Management of Water Resources in Palakkad, Kerala, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi,
2010.
 Lester Brown, Janet Larsen and Bernie Fischlowits- Roberts (eds.), The Earth
Policy Reader, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2004.
 Lyla Mehta, The Politics and Poetics of Water, The Naturalization of Scarcity in
Western India, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2005.
 Mahesh Rangarajan, India 's Wildlife History, An Introduction, Orient Blackswan,
New Delhi, 2006.
 Michael Lewis, Investing Global Ecology, Tracking the Biodiversity Ideal in India
1945-1997, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2003.
 Peter Rogers Atsatt, An Introduction to Sustainable Development, 2006
 Praful Bidwai, The Politics of Climate Change and the Global Crisis, Orient
Blackswan, New Delhi, 2013.
 Rangarajan Mahesh and K Sivaramakrishnan, (eds,) India 's Environmental
History, Volumes 1 and 2, Delhi, Permanent Black,2011.
 Rangarajan, Mahesh, India's History: An Introduction, Delhi, Permanent
Black,2001.
 Ribbentrop, Berthold, Forestry in British India, Calcutta, 1900.
 S Ravi Rajan, Modernizing Nature: Forestry and Imperial Eco- Development 1800-
1950, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi, 2008.
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 Skaria, Ajay, Hybrid Histories: Forests, Frontiers and Wildness in Western India,
New Delhi, 1999.
 Stebbing E.P, The Forests oflndia, Vol.I, London,1921.
 Subba and Nicolas Laine (ed.), Nature, Environment and Society, Orient Blackswan,
New Delhi, 2012.
 Worster, D, (ed.),The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental
History, New York, Cambridge University Press,1988.

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 (Elective)

HY 244 B- CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF THE WORLD

Module I: New Imperialism

Theories- Stages – Scramble for Colonies and International Crises – The World War of 1914-
18 and Consequences – The October Revolution of Russia – Its Legacy – The Rise of
Dictatorships – Nazism – Fascism – Outbreak of Second World War – Repercussions

Module II: The Cold War

Post War Diplomacy – Soviet Union and the Socialist Bloc – Emergence of US Imperialism
– Ideological Conflicts – The Nuclear Arms Race and Efforts to Control Proliferation –
Intervention of the UN

Module III: National Liberation Movements in Asia and Africa

Decolonisation Concept – Process of Decolonisation – South Africa and Fight against
Apartheid – Nelson Mandela – Non Aligned Movement

Module IV: Disintegration of the Socialist Bloc

Developments in Eastern Europe – Glasnost and Perestroika – Fall of Soviet Union – End of
the Cold War – Détente – Unipolar World and Counter Currents

Module V: New Architecture of Power

Neo Liberalism – Globalisation – Clash of Civilisations – Poverty and Global
Discontentment – Emergence of Asia

Module VI: Problems of Ethnic Nationalism

Terrorism – Ecological Movements – International Trade Agreements

References:
 C.F.Strong, The Twentieth Century and the Contemporary World, London,
University of London. 1956.
 C.J.H.Hayes, Contemporary Europe Since 1870, Surjeet Publications, New Delhi,
1981.
 D.Footman, The Russian Revolution, Faber, London, 1964.
 E.Adon,Russia: The Tsarist and Soviet Legacy, London, 1995.
 E.Wright, The World Today, Glasgow, Grant, 1961.
 Eric Hobsbawm, "Socialism has failed. Now capitalism is bankrupt. So what comes
next? ",The Guardian, 10 April 2009.
 Eric Hobsbawm, Globalization, Democracy and Terrorism, Little Brown, 2007.
 Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991,
New Delhi, 1995.
 Eric Hobsbawm, The Age ofCapital: 1848-1875, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1975.
 Eric Hobswam, Interesting Times: A Twentieth Century Life, Allen Lane,2002.

73
 Harry Magdoff, Imperialism: From the Colonial Age to the Present, New York,
1978.
 J.A.Hobson, Imperialism: A Study, London, 1938.
 J.L.H.Keep, The Russian Revolution: A Study in Mass Mobilization, London, 1976.
 J.M.Roberts (ed.), Europe 1880-1945, OUP, New York, 1989.
 James Leeray, Global Politics, New Jersey, 1990.
 M.E.Chamberlain, Decolonization, Oxford,1985.
 M.N.Duffy, The Twentieth Century, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1964.
 Martin Khor, Rethinking Globalization, Books for Change, Bangalore, 2001.
 R.F.Holland, European Decolonization, 1918-1981, Basingstroke, 1985.
 Roger Greffin (ed.), Fascism, OUP, New York, 1995.
 Stuart Miller, Mastering Modern European History, MacMillan, London, 1997.

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 (Elective)

HY 244C- TWENTIETH CENTURY REVOLUTIONS

Module I
The Russian Revolution – Causes - Czarist Regime – Russian Society – Working Class
Movements – Entry of New Ideas – Marxism, Nihilism, Anarchism – Revolution of 1905 –
Mensheviks and Bolsheviks – Provisional Government – Alexander Kerensky – Triumph of
Bolshevism

Module II
Leaders of the Russian Revolution – Vladimir Lenin – Soviet Constitution – War
Communism – New Economic Policy – Results and Significance of Russian Revolution

Module III
The Chinese Revolution of 1911 – Decay of Manchu Monarchy – Rise of Nationalism –
Revolutionary Movements – Sun Yat Sen – Three Principles – Republic of China – Yuan
Shih Kai – Impact of First World War

Module IV
Revolution of 1949 in China – Impact of Russian Revolution in China – The May 4th
Movement – Rise of Communist Party – Strengthening of Kuomintang Party under Chiang
Kai Shek – Civil War – Long March and Red Army – Japanese Invasion – United Front –
Triumph of the Communists – Establishment of the People‘s Republic of China – Character
of Chinese Communism
Module V: The Cuban Revolution – Background and Causes – Revolutionary Movements –
Che Guevara – Fidel Castro – US Intervention – International Reactions – Triumph of Cuban
Communism
Module VI: The Vietnamese Revolution – Indo China and French Colonialism – Growth of
Capitalism – Revolutionary Movements – Communist Party and Ho Chi Minh – Geneva
Accords – US Interventions – Unification and Reconstruction

References:
 Acton, Edward, Vladimir Cherniaev, and William G. Rosenberg (eds.), A Critical
Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921, Bloomington, 1997.
 Alexander Pantsov, The Bolsheviks and the Chinese Revolution 1919-1927,
Routledge, 2013.
 Aviva Chomsky, A History of the Cuban Revolution, John Wiley and Sons, 2010.
 Duiker, William J, China and Vietnam: The Roots of Conflict, Institute of East Asian
Studies, Universityof California, 1986.
 E H Carr, A History of Soviet Russia, Penguin Books, 1970.
 Franke, W, A Century of Chinese Revolution, 1851-1949 ,Basil Blackwell, Oxford,
1970.
 Immanuel C.Y. Hsu, The Rise of Modern China, Oxford University Press, 2000

75
 Joseph Hansen, Dynamics of the Cuban Revolution: A Marxist Appreciation,
Pathfinder Press,1994.
 JulioGarcía Luis, Cuban Revolution Reader: A Documentary History of Key
Moments in Fidel Castro’sRevolution, Ocean Press,2008.
 Leon Trotsky, History of Russian Revolution, Haymarket Books,2008.
 Malone, Richard, Analyzing the Russian Revolution, Australia, Cambridge
University Press,2004.
 Mark Atwood Lawrence, The Vietnam War: A Concise International History,
Oxford University Press,NewYork, 2010.
 Marr, David G, Vietnam 1945: The Quest for Power, Berkeley & Los Angeles,
California: Universityof California Press,1995.
 Marr, David, Vietnamese Anti-colonialism, 1885-1925, University of California
Press,1971.
 Marr, David, Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1925-1945, University of California
Press,1984.
 Michael Lynch,The Chinese Civil War 1945-49, Osprey Publishing, 2010.
 Mike Gonzalez, CheGuevera and the Cuban Revolution, Bookmarks,2004.
 N. N. Sukhanov, The Russian Revolution: A Personal Record, ed. and trans. Joel
Carmichael, Oxford, 1955; (originally published in Russian in 1922).
 Orlando Figes, A People’s Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891–1924,New York,
Viking Press 1997.
 Owen and Eleanor Lattimore, The Making of Modern China A Short History,
Surjeet Publications, Delhi, 2011
 Pipes, Richard, The Russian Revolution, New York, 1990.
 Rebecca Karl, Mao-Zedong and China in the 20th century World; A Concise History,
Duke University Press,2010.
 Robert Service, A history of modern Russia from Nicholas II to Vladimir Putin,
Harvard University Press, 2005.
10. Wu Yuzhang, Recollections of the Revolution of 1911: A Great Democratic
Revolution of China, The Minerva Group Inc, 2001.
 Samuel Farber, Cuba Since the Revolution of 1959: A Critical Assessment,
Haymarket Books,2012.
 Stanley Karnow, Vietnam, A History, Paw Prints, 2008.
 Stephen Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution: A Political Biography
1888–1938, Oxford University Press, London, 1980.
 Tai, Hue-Tam Ho, Radicalism and the Origins of the Vietnamese Revolution,
Harvard UniversityPress,1992.
 Thomas M. Leonard, Castro and the Cuban Revolution, Greenwood Press,1999.

76