INSTRUMENTS

1. Static vents are usually fitted to both sides of the aircraft fuselage. This will:

a) reduce the position error.

b) balance out errors caused by side slipping or yawing.
c) require a calibration card for each static vent.
d) enable a greater number of instruments to be fitted.

2. Which of the following instruments require inputs of both pitot and static
pressure:

a) airspeed indicator, machmeter and vertical speed indicator.

b) airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator, altimeter.
c) airspeed indicator only.
d) airspeed indicator, machmeter.

3. Where an alternate static source is fitted, use of this source usually leads to:

a) a temporary increase in lag error.

b) a lower pressure error than with normal sources.
c) an increase in position error.
d) no change in position error.

4. Flying at high speed at high altitude, the difference between ram air temperature
and static air temperature is:

a) likely to be less than when flying low and slow.

b) due to adiabatic cooling.
c) due to adiabatic warming.
d) proportional to the square of the absolute temperature.

5. Total air temperature is:

a) the maximum temperature attainable by the air when brought to rest,

adiabatically.
b) the temperature indicated on the air temperature thermometer plus the ram
rise.
c) the static air temperature minus the recovery factor.
d) the recovery factor plus the ram rise.
6. Compressibility error:

a) causes overreading of the ASI at all levels whenever TAS exceeds 300kt.
b) causes overreading of the ASI whenever CAS exceeds 300kt.
c) its calibrated out of the ASI at MSL ISA conditions and only causes
overreading when air density is decreased and CAS exceeds 300kt.
d) its calibrated out of the ASI at MSL ISA conditions and only causes
overreading when air density is decreased and TAS exceeds 300kt.

7. If the static line to the ASI becomes blocked during a long descent, a dangerous
situation could arise due to the ASI:

a) overreading, this indicate speed falsely showing the aircraft to be

further from the stalling speed than actually is.
b) underreading, this indicate speed falsely showing the aircraft to be closer
to the stalling speed than actually is.
c) underreading, this indicate speed possibly leading to the operation of flaps
and/or landing gear at speeds in excess of safety speeds.
d) overeading, this indicate speed possibly leading to the operation of flaps
and/or landing gear at speeds in excess of safety speeds.

8. An aircraft maintaining a constant CAS and altitude is flying from a cold airmass
into warmer air. The effect of the change of temperature on the speed will be:

a) CAS will decrease.

b) EAS will increase.
c) TAS will increase.
d) TAS will decrease.

9. When flying from low pressure to high pressure, the barometric error of an
altimeter will cause the instrument to:

a) read the true altitude, providing a correction is made for temperature.

b) Overread the true altitude of the aircraft.
c) Indicate a higher altitude than the correct one.
d) Underread the true altitude of the aircraft.

10. An aircraft has one altimeter set to QFE and one to aerodrome QNH 1000mb. If the
airfield elevation is 300ft, immediately before take-off the altimeter with QFE set will
read…….. and the other……. If the QFE altimeter is set to 1013 when passing
through the transition altitude 3000ft, it will read…… (Assume 1mb = 30ft).

a) 300ft; zero; 2610ft

b) zero; 300ft; 3390ft
c) zero; 300ft; 3690ft
d) zero; 300ft; 2610ft
11. In the IVSI, lag error:

a) is eliminated by feeding a sample of static pressure to the case and

decaying it to the capsule.
b) is virtually eliminated by using a special dashpot accelerometer
assembly.
c) is eliminated by the use of logarithmic presentation.
d) is only eliminated when initiating a climb or descent.

12. Because the VSI measures rates of change of static pressure and not actual values
of static pressure and not actual values of static pressure, position error.

a) never affects VSI indications.

b) only causes errors in the VSI during the take-off run.
c) causes errors in VSI indications whenever airspeed is changed, if at the
same time there is a change in position error.
d) causes errors in VSI indications whenever airspeed is changed, if at the
same time there is a change in position error.

13. If the static vent becomes blocked during a climb:

a) the VSI will stop at the rate of climb of the aircraft at the time of blockage.
b) the VSI will indicate a decreasing rate of climb.
c) the VSI will return to zero.
d) the VSI will indicate an increasing rate of climb.

14. When climbing at a constant mach number below the tropopause through an
inversion:

a) the CAS and TAS will both increase.

b) the CAS and TAS will both decrease.
c) the CAS will decrease and the TAS will increase.
d) the CAS will increase and the TAS will decrease.

15. The errors to which the machmeter is subject are:

a) instrument error, position error, compressibility error and

manoeuvre induced error.
b) instrument error, position error.
c) instrument error, position error, barometric error, temperature error and
manoeuvre induced error.
d) instrument error, position error, density error and manoeuvre induced
error.
16. The relationships between TAS mach number and local speed of sound (LSS) is:

a) LSS =

b) M No =
c) TAS =
d) M No = LSS TAS

17. If the total force of the earth’s field at a point is T and the horizontal and vertical
components H and Z, the value of H is found by the formula :

a) H= T sin dip
b) H=Z tan dip
c) H= T cos dip
d) H= T tan dip
18. The slow change in the earth’s magnetic variation is known as the ….. change
and is caused by …..

a) annual, westerly movement of the magnetic pole .

b) diurnal , easterly movement of the magnetic pole .
c) secular , westerly movement of the magnetic pole .
d) annual , sunspot activity
19. Which of the following materials are classed as ferromagnetic :

a) iron, steel , carbon-fibre.

b) nickel, iron, steel .
c) copper, iron, carbon steel .
d) iron , cobalt steel, chromium steel .
20. In a standby compass the magnet system is immersed in a transparent liquid . The
purpose of this liquid is to :

a) increase sensitivity , increase aperiodicity .

b) increase sensitivity , decrease aperiodicity .
c) increase sensitivity at high latitudes , lubricate bearings .
d) increase sensitivity, reduce liquid swirl .
21. The amount of turning error shown by a direct reading compass varies with :

a) the design of the compass

b) the direction of the turn
c) the rate of turn
d) which hemisphere the aircraft is in .
e) the heading of the aircraft .
f) the amount of dip at the aircraft .
 g) the amount of dip at the aircraft’s latitude .
22. A force applied to the spinning axis of a rotor is precessed :
a) through 90o in the direction of spin of the rotor .
b) through 90o in the direction of spin of the rotor in the northern hemisphere
through 90o in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere .
c) through 270o in the direction of spin of the rotor .
d) at a rate proportional to the speed of rotation of the gyro .

23. A perfectly balanced space gyro at the equator has its spin axis aligned with true
north. After 6 hours axis will be aligned with :

a). true east direction .

b) true west direction .
c) true north direction .
d) true south direction .

24. Apparent wander of a gyro is caused by :

a) rotation of the earth .

b) clear air turbulence .
c) gymbal friction
d) external torque

25. Errors of the direction gyro are :

a). acceleration error, turning error, altitude error, transport

wander, rotor
speed error .
b) gimballing error, random wander, apparent wander, rotor speed error,
transport wander .
c) gimballing error , looping error, rolling error, rotor speed error , transport
wander .
d) transport wander , apparent wander, latitude error, turning error,
acceleration error .
26. The purpose of the caging knob is :

a) to prevent the gyro toppling .

b) to reset the heading .
c) to reset the heading and to prevent toppling .
d) to prevent apparent wander .

27. When an adjustable aircraft datum is fitted to an artificial horizontal in light

aircraft :

a) it should be checked at regular intervals .

b) it should be set to central position and left there .
 c) it should be rendered inoperative .
d) it should be set to 15o.
28. The rate of turn indicator uses (i)….. which spins …..
(i) (ii)
a) space gyroscope up and away from the pilot
b) tied gyro anti -clockwise when viewed from above
c) rate gyro up and away from the pilot
(d) earth gyro Clockwise

29. When the pointer of a rate of turn indicator shows a steady rate of turn :

a) the calibrated spring is exerting a force about the lateral

axis equal to the
rate of turn
b) the force produced by the spring is producing a precession equal to but
opposite to the rate of turn is correctly banked
c) the spring is providing a force which produces a precession equal to the
rate of turn (in the opposite direction ).
d) The spring is providing a force which produces a precession equal to the
rate of turn (in the correct direction ).

30. A DG flag appears on the pilots unit . why does it indicate to the pilot ?
a) Remote indicating compass in unserviceable
b) The compass is misaligned
c) No longer being monitored by the doctor unit
d) The compass is aligned with the detector unit .

31. An aircraft accelerates on a westerly heading in the N. hemisphere .The compass

needle rotates …….indicating a turn towards ………

a) clockwise north
b) anticlockwise north
c) clockwise south
d) anticlockwise south
32. The correct check for a turn and slip indicators when taxying and turning left is :

a) needle left, ball left

b) needle left, ball right
c) needle right , ball left .
d) needle right , ball right

33. False nose-up attitide displayed on air driven artificial horizon during the take-off
run is caused by :

a) the night pendulosity of the rotor .

b) the lag of the lateral pendulous vanes

c) the linear acceleration cut out

d) incorrect rotor speed