UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

No. UG/12 of 2014

CIRCULAR:-

The Principals of the affiliated Colleges in Commerce and the Heads of

recognized Institutions concerned are hereby informed that the recommendation
made by the Faculty of Commerce at its meeting held on 28th February, 2014 has
been accepted by the Academic Council at its meeting held 4th March, 2014 vide item
No. 4.110 and subsequently approved by the Management Council at its meeting held
on 4th April, 2014 vide item No.8 and that in accordance therewith, in exercise of
the powers conferred upon the Management Council under Section 54 (1) of the
Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994 and the Ordinances 6102 and 6103 and the
syllabus as per the Credit Based Semester and Grading System for the Three Years
integrated [Link] (Transport Management) degree programme is introduced, which
is available on the University’s web site ([Link]) and that the same has been
brought into force with effect from the academic year 2014-15.

Sd/-
MUMBAI – 400 032 Director, B.C.U.D.
1st July, 2014

To,
The Principals of the affiliated Colleges Commerce and the Heads of
Recognized Institutions concerned.

A.C/4.110/04.03.2014_
M.C/8/04.04.2014

***************
No. UG/12-A of 2014 MUMBAI-400 032 1st July, 2014
Copy forwarded with Compliments for information to:-
1) The Dean, faculty of Commerce,
2) The Professor-cum-Director, Institute of Distance & Open Learning (IDOL)
3) The Director, Board of College and University Development,
4) The Co-Ordinator, University Computerization Centre,
5) The Controller of Examinations.
Sd/-
Director, B.C.U.D.
 AC 4-3-2014
Item No. – 4.110

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Syllabus
Program: [Link]
Course: Transport Management
(As per Credit Based Semester and Grading System with
effect from the academic year 2014–2015)
 AIR TRANSPORT

Module I

History of aviation, Growth of air transportation in India, Civil Aviation Department: its
establishment and administrative structure, Types of airline operations, Types of aircraft and
performance, Route networks, Hubs, Airport functions, International aviation, Principal
organizations supporting aviation management, Chicago convention on international aviation,
Sovereignty of air space, Air transit agreements, Open skies concept, Airline marketing:
Overview of practices in sales, advertising, public relations and marketing efforts, Airline
marketing share analysis, Branding and corporate identity, Passenger operations: Ticketing
systems, Seat inventory management, Provision and maintenance of facilities, Public
announcement system, Baggage claim, Passenger relations, Regulation of passenger movements,
Disruptive situations.

Module II

Cargo operations: Ground handling practices, Documentation procedures, Responsibilities in

various operations relating to transhipment of air cargo, security practices, Containerization,
Logistics of air freight, Regulations and laws pertaining to air cargo operations, Handling of
hazardous cargo and liability practices, Basics of safety and risk management, Safety
performance Monitoring and auditing, Financial management and accounting: Costing and
pricing, Setting of airport fees, rates and charges, Tariff formulation and competitive practices,
Impact of aviation on environment, aircraft noise and abatement procedures, aircraft emissions.

Module III

General: Airport site selection, Size of airport, Obstructions, Zoning laws, Layout and capacity,
airport architecture, Environmental considerations, Runway design, Runway orientation, Basic
running length, Geometric design, balanced field concept, Airport capacity, Runway
intersections, Taxiway design, Layout of taxiway, Geometric standards, loadingaprons, holding
aprons, Bypass or turnaround taxiway, Visual aids for pilots, Airport lighting, Visibility factors,
Access to airport: Security and airfield operations.

Module IV
Planning and design of terminal area, Terminal building, Passenger flow, Parking of vehicles,
Size of apron, Hangars, Protection from jet blast, Typical airport layouts, Air traffic control:
Flight rules, Air traffic control networks and aids, Automation of air traffic aids, Passenger
safety and segregation: Fire safety, Risk management, Safety analysis, Safety performance
monitoring and auditing, Terminal operations: Passenger service expectations, check-in and
transfer time, walking distances and route finding, use of buses and air bridges, Optimal use of
apron space, Holding lounge arrangements, Performance indicators: Passenger throughput,
Arrivals and departures of passengers and cargo, Movement of aircraft, Runway capacity,
Aircraft age, flight hours, cycles, design service goal, utilization factor, Available seat
kilometres, Revenue passenger seat kilometres, Available tonne kilometres, Revenue tonne
kilometres, Load factor

References:

1. Fundamentals of Air Transport Management by Sengultuvan P.S., 2006

2. Airline Handbook by Air Transport Association (A.T.I.)
3. Annual Reports, Ministry of Civil Aviation, G.O.I.
4. Airport Operations, Norman Ashford
5. Airport Planning and Management, Alexander T. Wells
6. Managing Transport Operations, Edmund G. Gubbins
7. Transport Manager’s and Operator’s Handbook, Lowe
8. Management of Transportation, Edward D. Bardi
9. Dictionary of Transport and Logistics, David Lowe
 COMMUNICATION AND PRESENTATION SKILLS

Module – 1
Introduction to Communication
 Concept of Communication
 Definition of Communication
 Process of Communication
 Importance of Communication
 Importance of Communication in Personal / Corporate areas

The 3 Different Forms of Communication

 Written Verbal Non – Verbal

 Nature definition advantages and disadvantages

Formal Dimension of Corporate Communication

 Hierarchical structure
 Upwards Downwards and Horizontal Communication
 Advantages and disadvantages

Informal Dimension of Communication

 Nature and Importance

 Grapevine – strengths and weakness
 Types and effective use of grapevine

Module – 2
Listening Skills
 Nature and definition of Listening
 Process of Listening
 Difference between hearing and listening
 Barriers – How to resource throw
 Guidelines for effective Listening

Interviews

 Introduction and Definition

 How does a Candidate prepare for an Interview
 How does an Interviewer prepare for an Interview

Barriers to Communication

 What are Barriers

 Different types of Barriers
 How to remove the Barriers

Module – 3
Report Writing
 What is Report
 How is a Report Written well
 Different types of Reports
 Examples of severalReport

Presentation

 Definition , Nature and Importance

 Structure
 How to prepare a good presentation
 How to deliver a good presentation
 Fax, email, video – conferencing

Module – 4
Commercial Correspondence
 Basic of letter writing
 Parts and layouts
 Functions of Business Letters
 Various types of letters like Inquiry , order, Complaint, Sales, Collection &
letters like Congratulations & Condolences

Reference Books:
1. Alien, R.K.(1970) Organisational Management through Communication.
2. Ashley,A(1992) A Handbook Of Commercial Correspondence, Oxford University
Press.
3. Bangh, LSue, Fryar,Maridell and Thomas David A. (1998) How to Write First Class
Business Correspondence, N.T.C. Publishing Group USA.
4. Bhargava and Bhargava91971) Company Notices, Meetings and Regulations.
5. BoveeCourtland,L and Thrill, John V(1989) Business Communication, Today
McGraw Hill, New York, Taxman Publication.
6. Eyre, E.C. (1985) Effective Communication Made Simple, Rupa and [Link].
7. Fisher Dalmar, (1999), Communication in Organisation, Jaico Pub House, Mumbai,
Delhi.
8. Lesikar, Raymond V and Petit, John D.(1994) Business Communication: Theory
and Application , Richard D. Irwin Inc. Ilinois.
9. Ludlow,Ron.(1995) The Essence of Effective Communication, Prentice , New
Delhi.
10. McQuail, Denis (1975), Communication, Longman.
11. Merrihue, William (1960) Managing by Communication, McGraw Hill, New York.
12. Murphy, Herta and Hilde Brandt, Herbert W (1984) Effective Business
Communication, McGraw Hill, New York.
13. Parson, C.J. and Hughes (1970) Written Communication for Business Students,
Great Britain.
14. Phillip, Louis V. (1975) Organisational Communication- The Effective
Management, Columbus Grid Inc.
15. Shurter, Robert L. (1971) Written Communication in Business, McGraw Hill,
Tokyo.
 Semester II

2.6FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

Module I
Introduction to Accounting
Definition/ Meaning/ Objectives/ Needs/ Functions/ Scope/ Development of
accounting/ Users of accounting/ Disclosures/ Accounting Principles/ Accounting
Concepts/ Accounting Convention/ Accounting Standards

Accounting Procedure- Journal/ Subsidiary Books/ Ledger/ Opening Entry/ Trial

Balance

Module II
Inventory Valuation
Meaning/ Cost for Inventory Valuation/ Inventory System: Periodic Inventory and
Perpetual inventory System/ Methods of Stock Valuation as per AS-2: FIFO and
Weighted Average Method/ Computation of Valuation of Inventory.

Module III
Consignment Accounts
Accounting for consignment transaction/ Valuation of stock/ Invoicing of goods at
higher price.

Module IV
Fire Insurance Claims
Computation of loss of stock by fire/ Ascertainment of Claim as per the insurance
policy (Excluding loss of profit and consequential loss).

References:
1. Introduction to Accountancy by T. S. Grewal, S. Chand and Company (P) Ltd., New Delhi
2. Financial Accounting by P.C. Tulsian, Pearson Publications, New Delhi
3. Compendium of Statement and Standard of Accounting, ICAI
4. Accounting Principles by R.N. Anthony and J.S. Reece, Richard Irwin, Inc
5. Financial Accounting by M. Mukherjee and M. Hanif, Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi
6. Financial Accounting by V. Rajasekaran, Pearson Publications, New Delhi.
7. Financial accounting by M. Mukharjee and M. hanif, tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
8. Company Accounting Standards by ShrinivasanAnand, Taxman, New Delhi.
 Semester II

2.1 LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Module I
Introduction to Logistics &Supply Chain Management
Logistic- basic concept/ Definitions/ Scope/ Functions/ Logistics for business
excellence/ Logistic Management- objective, logistic solutions/ Logistic Costing/
Logistical Network Analysis.

Supply Chain Management- Basic Concept/ Definitions/ Scope/ Comparison

between logistics and Supply Chain Management/ Global Supply Chain scenario
and importance/ Conventional Supply Chain/ Participants/ Channels agencies/
Relationship Management/ Concept of extended enterprises/ Bull-Whip effect.

Module II
Transportation & Warehousing
Transport- Definition/ Principles/ Role/ Functions/ Scope/ Mode of Transport/
Intermodal Transport/ Ownership Transport/ Routing Vehicles

Warehousing- Definition/ Principles/ Role/ Functions/ Scope/ Purpose of

warehouse/ Types of warehouse/ Warehousing Strategy/ Planning and
Distribution/ Warehouse layout Design.

Module III
Packaging and Material Handling
Packaging- Definition/ Principles/ Role/ Functions/ Importance/ Packaging
perspective/ Packaging for Material Handling Efficiency/ Packaging Material.

Material Handling- Definition/ Principles/ Role/ Functions/ Importance/Basic

handling consideration/ Mechanized System/ System Design/ Methods.

Module IV
Inventory Management and Strategy
Inventory Functionality and Principles/ Types/ Characteristic/ Planning/ Inventory
Carrying Cost/ Inventory Management Policies and Practices/ Inventory Control/
Collaborative Inventory Planning/ Product/Market Classification.

References:
9. Donald J. Bowersox & David J. Closs, Logistical Management-The Integrated Supply
Chain Process, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.
10. Donald J. Bowersox, David J. Closs & M. Bixby Cooper, Supply Chain Logistics
Management, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2003.
11. Donald Waters, Logistics- An Introduction to Supply Chain Management, Palgrave
Macmillan, 2008.
12. V.V. Sople, Logistical Management, Pearson, 2012.
13. Vijay Kumar, Logistical Management, Print Media Publications,2007.
14. Anurag Saxena, Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Jaico Publishing House, 2009.
15. Bhattacharya S. K., Logistics Management: Definitions, Dimensions and Functional
Applications, Wheeler Publishing, 2000.
16. B.S. Sahay, Supply Chain Management, Macmillan India Ltd.
Lambert, Douglas M., Fundamentals of Logistics management, McGraw-Hill
 Rail Transport
Module – 1

Introduction to Indian Railways

Background of Indian Railways Railway Transportation in India Today and its
Significance, Railway Organisation

Module – 2

Mobility of Indian Railways to Passengers

 Types of Travel
 Convenience and Comfort
 Variations over time and space.
 Railway Tourism

Module – 3

Mobility of Indian Railways to Goods & Supplies

 Node & Links
 Supply Chain
 Commodity Transport across India and other countries

Module – 4

Railways Operation Managements

  Costing & Prizing of Railway Transport Services
 HRM in Indian Railways
 Financial / Aspects and Revenue Generation

Reference Books:
1) Railways Yearbook 2013-14, SumanChopra(Ed.), Jain Publishing House.
2) Indian Railways – Towards a Safer Tomorrow, S.C. Halder, Jain Publishing
House.
3) Indian Railway Commercial Management & Rules, K.P. Sharma, Jain Publishing
House.
4) Railway Administration and Management, J.M. Ovasdi, Jain Publishing House.
5) Railway Construction in India (in 3 Vols.), Indian Council of Historical Research,
Jain Publishing House.
6) Railway Safety – Checks and Inspections, IndraGhosh (Chief Safety Officer,
North Central Railways), Jain Publishing House.
7) Indian railway Safety – Ultimate Goal to Prevent Railway Accidents,
AryaBhushan& M.M. Agrawal, Jain Publishing House.
8) ExploringIndian Railways, Bill Aitken,
9) Rail Transport, [Link]. M.B. Madlani and Prof. JitendraAherkar, Rishab
Publishing House.
10) Managing Indian Railways – The Future Ahead, V.K. Agrawal (Former
Chairman Railway Board), Jain Publishing House.
11) Railway Engineering, B.L. Gupta and Amit Gupta, Jain Publishing House.
12) Material Management (Indian Railways), K.P. Sharma and SanjivMalhotra.
13) Railways in Modern India – Themes in Indian History, Ian J. Kerr.
14) Railways, Bridges and Tunnels, V.N. Vazirani and S.P. Chandola, Jain Publishing
House.
15) Tourism and Transport Management – Practice and procedures, Ratandeep Singh,
Jain Publishing House.
16) Railway Financial Rules (Including Accounts and Traffic Costing), S.K.
Ghosh(Assistant Accounts Officer, Kolkata Metro), Jain Publishing House.
17) Indian Railways Establishment Code 9Vol. 1) (with Correction Slips Upto No.
105, dt.16/12/07), Ministry of Railways, Govt. Of India
 SHIPPING & WATER TRANSPORT

Module I
Introduction of Shipping
Modes of transportation and their advantages and disadvantages, Ships – different types
and sizes with their important features and their suitability to different cargoes, Foreign
going, Coastal, inland vessels, etc.
Basic shipping terminology including abbreviations, General particulars of ships.
Bills of Lading – functions, conditions, contents, types and general information

Module II
General Structure of Shipping Industry
Liner and tramp services, Liner shipping – essential features, break bulk, modes of
unitization, , container sizes and types, container terminology, freighting, CYs, CFSs and
ICDs, marketing of liner shipping, documents. Tramp shipping – types of charters – time,
trip-time, voyage, consecutive voyages, bareboat etc.
Agents – ship, port and liner agents and their roles in shipping, Freight forwarders, Freight
brokers, ship brokers and other intermediaries in shipping.

Module III
Cargo Documentation
Manifest, Mate's Receipt, Tally sheets, Notice of Readiness, Statement of Facts, etc.
Custom house work – Inward and outward entry of ships documentation
Customs Bill of Entry and Shipping Bill

Module IV
Multimodalism
Concept of multimodal transport, Introduction to convergence of different modes of
transport, combined bill of lading, Multimodal Transport Document, Risk and liabilities of
Multimodal carrier
Reference Books

1. Research in Transport by R.R. Khan, Institute of Business Management, 2013.

2. Shipping practice with a consideration of relevant Laws by Steven Edward F,
Sterling Publisher, 1999.
3. Ships and Shipping by M. Palmer, 1971
4. Merchant Ships and Shipping by R. Munro Smith, Hutchinson, 1968
5. Commercial Geography by S.D. Paranjpe, Mannan publication, 1990
6. Geography of sea transport by A.D. cooper, 1972
7. Indian Transport Towards the New Millennium: Performance, Analysis, and Policy
by R. Ramanathan, Concept Publishing Co., 2004
8. Inland Water Transport in India by Rameshwar Prasad Misra, Prasaranga, University
of Mysore for Institute of Development Studies, 1972
9. Bill of Lading by captain D.E. Driver, Navaneet publication, 1995
10. Dictionary of Shipping Terms by Peter R. Brodie, Informa Law from Routledge,
2007
 Traffic Management
Unit 1: Traffic System Components

Introduction, Road User and Vehicle Characteristics, Roadways and their geometric
characteristics,Traffic Stream Characteristics, Volume Studies and Characteristics, Speed,
Travel Time, and Delay Studies, Road Parking Studies and Programs.

Unit 2: Accident Studies and Road Safety

Accident Reporting, Accident Recording, Causes of Accidents, Studies of High Accident

Locations, Preventive Measures for Accidents, Safety Measures and Remedial Facilities,
Intelligent Transportation Systems: applications in traffic management and control, Traffic
Regulations in various Countries

Unit 3: Route Assignment Analysis and Highway Capacity

Choice of Routes, Factors Affecting Route Choice, Methods of Route Assignment, Capacity
Restraint Assignment Techniques, Highway capacity: Its importance in transportation studies –
basic, possible and practical capacity – determination of theoretical maximum capacity -
passenger car units – level of service – factors affecting level of service, Traffic Control for
Freeways and Rural Highways.

Module 5: Traffic Signal Design

Basic Principles of Intersection Signalization, Elements of Intersection Design, Analysis and

applications of Signalized Intersections, Actuated Signal Control and Detection, Signal
Coordination for Arterials and Networks.

Reference

1. Introductory course on Transportation Engineering at UG level.

2. Roess, R.P., Prassas, E, and McShane, W.R., Traffic Engineering 3rd Edition, Pearson,
2004.
3. Kadiyali, L.R. Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning, 6th Edition, Khanna
Publishers, 2000.
4. Slinn, M., Guest, P. and Heimann, P. Traffic Engineering Design: Principles and Practice,
2nd Edition, Elsevier, 2005.
5. TRB, Highway Capacity Manual, 2000, Transportation Research Board, USA.
6. Slater, R.J. Highway Traffic Analysis and Design. Macmillan, 1990.
7. Relevant IRC Codes, and Literature on Traffic Flow theory.
8. Khadiyali L.R. Traffic Engineering and Transport planning, Khanna Tech Publishers
9. Khanna O.P and Jesto C.G; Highway Engineering, Nem Chand Publishers
10. Martin, Whol, Traffic system Analysis for Engineers
Donald Drew, Traffic Flow Theory.
 TRANSPORT LAWS

Module I
The Road Transport
Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

Road Traffic Act, 1988

Module II
The Railway Act, 1989
Transportation of goods, passengers, safety, etc.

Module III
The Shipping Laws
The Bills Of Lading Act 1856

The Indian Carriage of goods by Sea Act 1925

Merchant shipping Act 1958

Module IV
Multimodal Transport & Goods Act 1993

Reference Books

1. Bare Act, The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt
Ltd., New Delhi, 2011
2. The Law relating to Merchant Shipping in India by B. C. Mitra, University Book
Agency, 2000.
3. Bare Act, The Multimodal Transport and goods Act, 1993,Universal Law
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2011
4. Shipping practice with a consideration of relevant Laws by Steven Edward F,
Sterling Publisher, 1999.
5. Bare Act, Indian Railway Act, 1989
6. Bare Act, Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
7. Bare Act, Road Traffic Act, 1988
 TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Module I

Analysis of complex nature of environment-transport interface, Air pollution,

Noise pollution, marine pollution, Encroachment on green belt

Greenhouse gas emissions by transport vehicles and measures to mitigate the

environmental effects and damage, Green logistics

Transport and urban pollution, Designing traffic systems to reduce pollution, Air
quality management issues, Monitoring tools and Approaches to modelling,

Environmental data collection and analysis techniques, Environmental impact of

specific transport schemes, Case studies

World Commission on Environment and Development Report, 1987 on transport

industry as a culprit for environmental degradation

Module II

Conflict between transport industry’s self- interest and green objectives,

Sustainability of policy to shift from fossil fuels to bio-fuels

Environmental considerations in project design, External and internal impacts,

Stakeholder groups, Corporate environmental responsibility and ethics

Costs in terms of degradation of environment, Laws relating to environmental

degradation accounting and problems in implementation

Environment and health, Valuation of externalities, Waste management,

Meteorology

International Earth Summit, 1992 and Kyoto Protocol, 1997

Module III
Environmental impact of roads: Noise and acoustical engineering, combustion by-
products of gasoline and fossil fuels, Habitat destruction, Habitat fragmentation,
Barriers to animal movement, Increased animal mortality due to traffic, Toxic
effects on plants and animals, Poaching of flora and fauna, Curtailment of space
for growth of forests, Problems of illegal logging

Road Ecology: Hydrology: Storm water run-off as a source of pollution, storm

sewers, air and noise pollution, Plant life, Effects on wild life, Increased human
encroachment,

Mitigating efforts: Measures to reduce traffic noise, habitat construction and

planting of trees

Environmental impact of aviation: Increase in demand for air travel and related
statistics of carbon emissions, acidification, photo-chemical air pollution, Impact in
terms of noise and air quality, Greenhouse effect, Role of International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO), Ban on noisy aircrafts, Enforcement of aircraft
construction standards

Environmental impact of railways, Proceedings of International Conference on

Railways and Environment, 2010

Maritime and inland waterway transport: Atmospheric emissions of sea-going

ships, Regulations for polluting emissions from inland waterway vehicles, Role of
Inland Waterways Authority of India

Module IV

Integration of environment and sustainable development into transport policy,

Existing machinery for policy implementation in India

Strategies to minimize environmental impact of transport: Promotion of public

transport, intermodal and combined transport in urban areas, Elimination of
negative effects of transport growth through land-use measures, Infrastructure
charging, Promoting research to reduce CO2 emissions and noise, Variation of
tolls based on vehicle emission classes and time of day
Recycling of waste products used in road building, Reuse of asphalt pavements,
coal fly ash, asphalt shingles, shredded tyres, ground glass and steel mill slag

Creation of awareness among public, vehicle drivers and industry through

indicators and vehicle standardization, Propagating awareness among school
children through class tutorials and field visits

India’s Environmental Performance Index, Provisions of Air (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Eco-friendly measures by Indian Railways

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Energy, Transport and the Environment by Oliver Inderwildi and David

King (Eds.)
2. Globalisation, Transport and Environment, O.E.C.D.
3. Handbook of Transport and Environment, by David A. Hensher and
Kenneth J. Button
4. Central Pollution Control Board, Annual Reports
5. International Energy Agency (IEA) Reports on World Energy Outlook
6. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Reports
7. Transport, the Environment and Sustainable Development, David
Bannister, Kenneth John Button, Kenneth Button
8. Unsustainable Transport: City Transport in the New Century, David
Bannister
9. Environmental Transport Processes, Bruce C. Logan
10. Air Transport and the Environment, Ben Daley
11. The Environmental Impact of Railways, T. G. Carpenter
12. Environmental Problems Caused by Railways, Charlie Higgins
13. Environmental External Costs of Transport, Rainer Friederich, Peter Bickel
 TRANSPORT ECONOMICS

Module I
Introduction to Transport Economics
Normative and positive economics/ Central v/s Market economics/ Public v/s Private
ownership/ Demand and supply/ Concept of elasticity and price elasticity of demand/
Factors in the location of facilities/ Transport networks/ Modeling Techniques.

Module II
Transport Costing
Types of cost and their behavior- direct and indirect; fixed and variable/ Treatment of
assets and capital depreciation- infrastructure/ Vehicle carrying unit and others/ Transport
costs- infrastructure/ Terminal; track access and facility charges; and operating costs/ An
approach to transport costing for single and multi-modal operation/ Identification of
externalities/ Economic efficiency/ Market failure/ Environmental factors/ Valuation of
externalities/ Responsibility charges.

Module III
Pricing of Transport Service
Principles of pricing/ Marginal cost pricing/ Second best situations/ Price discrimination
and yield management/ Pricing with stochastic demand/ Problems of demand peaks/
subsidies/ Operational objectives and pricing/ Pricing and market conditions- monopoly
v/s competition.

Module IV
Investment Criteria
Investment objectives/ Risk and return on investment/ Private and public sector analysis/
Sources of capital- internal and external, Alternative source of funding.
Reference Books:
1. Infrastructure Development and Financing in India; by [Link], New Century
Publications,
2012
2. Infrastructure Development in India, by RajashriMajumdar, Rawat Publications,
ND, 2008.
3. Infrastructure Development in India, by [Link] and Vishal Sheth, New
Century Publication, 2007.
4. Infrastructure Development and the Indian economy, by L.N. Dash, Amazon in
5. Public and Private Partnership in Infrastructure in India, by R.N. Joshi,
[Link] 2013.