HISTORY O/L 2147(Paper 1)

SECTION WISE QUESTIONS FROM PAST PAPERS(2020-2022) MAY/JUNE & OCT/NOV

INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer three questions in total: Section A (Core Content): answer two questions. Section B (Depth Studies): answer one
question. The total mark for this paper is 60.Duration: 2 hours

SECTION “1” Core Content Option B

The 20th Century : International Relations Since 1919
Part 1:The Interwar years,1919-39
S.NO TOPIC SESSION QUESTION & MARKS
01 Were the peace treaties of M/J 2020 5 The politicians had a difficult task negotiating the Paris peace treaties
1919-23 fair? (a) What territory did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles? [4]
(b) Why did the Treaty of Sevres have to be renegotiated? [6]
(c) How satisfied were the French with the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer. [10]

O/N 2020 5 The Versailles settlement had different consequences for different countries
(a) What was the purpose of the ‘war guilt’ clause? [4]
(b) Why were plebiscites included in the peace settlement? [6]
(c) How far do you agree that Clemenceau achieved his aims at Versailles? Explain your answer.
[10

O/N 2021 5 Agreeing a peace settlement at the end of the First World War was challenging
(a) Describe how Austria was treated in the peace settlement. [4]
(b) Why was Danzig important in the negotiations for a peace settlement? [6]
(c) Who had the harder task in achieving their aims for the peace settlement, Lloyd George or
Wilson? Explain your answer. [10]

M/J 2022 5 Nobody got everything they wanted from the peace treaties of 1919
(a) What were the territorial terms of the Treaty of St Germain? [4]
(b) Why did Lloyd George not want to punish Germany harshly? [6]
(c) Who had to compromise more during the peace negotiations in Paris, Clemenceau or
Wilson? Explain your answer. [10]
02 To what extent was the M/J 2021 5 The League of Nations failed to live up to expectations.
League of Nation a success? (a) Describe how the Assembly and the Council of the League were meant to work. [4]
(b) Why was the League’s failure over Corfu important? [6]
(c) ‘The League’s lack of an army explains its failure in the 1930s.’ How far do you agree with
this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

M/J 2022 6 The League of Nations struggled to react effectively to major crises
(a) Describe Germany’s relationship with the League of Nations during the period 1920 to 1939.
[4]
(b) Why did Haile Selassie speak to the Assembly of the League of Nations in June 1936? [6]
(c) ‘The League of Nations did as much as it could in relation to the Japanese invasion of
Manchuria.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

O/N 2022 5 The League of Nations faced challenges from the beginning.
(a) Describe the dispute over Vilna in 1920. [4]
(b) Why was the League often slow to react to aggression? [6]
(c) ‘Italy was more to blame than Britain and France for the failure of the League.’ How far do
you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

03 Why had international peace M/J 2020 6 A number of factors helped Hitler achieve his foreign policy objectives.
collapsed by 1939? (a) What was the Nazi-Soviet Pact? [4]
(b) Why was Mussolini’s support over Anschluss important to Hitler? [6]
(c) ‘The Munich Agreement made war more, not less, likely.’ How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer. [10]

O/N 2020 6 Hitler’s foreign policy involved Germany in developments in Europe

(a) Describe Germany’s involvement in the Spanish Civil War. [4]
(b) Why was taking control of Czechoslovakia important to Hitler? [6]
(c) How surprising was it that Britain and France pursued a policy of appeasement? Explain your
answer.[10]
 M/J 2021 6 Germany grew in strength during the 1930s.
(a) Describe what happened in the Saar in 1935. [4]
(b) Why was Anschluss important to Hitler? [6]
(c) Are you surprised that Britain and France declared war on Germany in September 1939?
Explain your answer. [10]

M/J 2021 6.Hitler’s foreign policy involved Germany in the affairs of many countries
(a) What was the Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 1935? [4]
(b) Why did Hitler want to achieve Anschluss? [6]
(c) ‘German involvement in the Spanish Civil War was more important for Hitler than the
takeover of Czechoslovakia.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.
[10]

M/J 2021 6.Hitler’s foreign policy created tension in Europe.

(a) What was Hitler’s policy of ‘lebensraum’? [4]
(b) Why did Stalin agree to the Nazi–Soviet Pact? [6]
(c) How far do you agree that Chamberlain’s attempts to appease Hitler were justified? Explain
your answer. [10]

Part 2:The cold war

04 Who was to blame for the O/N 2020 7 The USA and USSR contributed to increased tensions in Europe after 1945
Cold war? (a) Describe the Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia in 1948. [4]
(b) Why was the Berlin Blockade lifted in May 1949? [6]
(c) How far do you agree that Truman was to blame for the Cold War? Explain your answer. [10]

O/N 2021 7 The USA and USSR had different aims in Europe after 1945.
(a) Describe the Berlin Blockade. [4]
(b) Why did Stalin want control over the government of Poland? [6]
(c) ‘Marshall Aid did more to strengthen the Americans than benefit the Europeans.’ How far do
you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

M/J 2022 7 Immediately after the Second World War relations between the Soviet Union and the
 United States were very difficult
(a) What were the main disagreements at the Potsdam Conference? [4]
(b) Why did the blockade of Berlin fail? [6]
(c) ‘Stalin’s policies in Eastern Europe in the period 1945–49 were defensive.’ How far do you
agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

05 How effectively did the USA M/J 2020 7 Cuba presented problems for the USA
contain the spread of (a) Describe what happened in the Bay of Pigs incident. [4]
communism? (b) Why was the existence of Soviet missiles in Cuba a problem for the USA? [6]
(c) ‘Kennedy handled the Cuban Missile Crisis more effectively than Khrushchev.’ How far do
you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

M/J 2020 7 The USA had an interventionist foreign policy in the 1950s and 1960s.
(a) Describe the tactics used by the Vietcong. [4]
(b) Why was the Tet Offensive important for the USA? [6]
(c) Which was more important for the USA, its involvement in Korea or the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Explain your answer. [10]

ALL THE BEST!