STRUCTURES OF ENGLISH

prepositions
definition and types
SHARA NIDA BLASCO
RENELYN ROLAN
ANGEL MAE GABI
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson discussion, the students shall
be able to:

01 02 03
Apply
Distinguish the prepositions in Realize the
different types normal relevance of
of prepositions conversations prepositions in
and its usage. through an communication.
activity.
what is a
preposition?
 definition

a word which is used to

express the relationship
between a noun or
pronoun with the object.
types of preposition
01 TIME

02 PLACE & DIRECTIONS

03 AGENTS OR THINGS

04 PHRASAL PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
-add a time reference to a
sentence.

Example: The ball is rolling at this

very moment.
USAGE OF PREPOSITIONS OF TIME:

on denotes a particular day or date.

at denotes a specific time.

denotes a much broader

in timeframe.
Prepositions of movement
indicate motion, direction,
or change of location.

Example: The ball is

rolling into the box.
Prepositions of place
indicate a location that is
static and unchanging

Example: The ball is

inside the box.
 Preposition as a
syntactic function of
a noun phrase:
“The boy handed the toy
to his baby brother.”
Prepositional
phrases:
into the box
at this very moment
in the classroom
with his students
Activity: "I Say" Game
Direction: I am going to call out
different prepositions that the
group have to act out together.
Agents or
things
AGENTS OR THINGS

indicate the link between a noun or pronoun and

another word in a phrase.

can express relationships such as causation,

Possession, Responsibility, or Purpose
HOW ARE PREPOSITION OF
AGENTS OR THINGS USED?
EXAMPLE :

THE BOOK WAS WRITTEN BY JOHN

5 MAIN CATEGORIES OF AGENTS AND
THINGS

Possession Cause and Effect

AGENTS

Responsibility Purpose
Preposition of
agents
Prepositions of Agents describe how a
person or entity is actively acting or
causing an action or event.
Preposition of
agents
Prepositions of Agents describe how a
person or entity is actively acting or
causing an action or event.
Common examples of prepositions of
Agents include: by, through, with, from, on,
and against.
Preposition of
Possession
describe ownership or control.
Preposition of
Possession
describe ownership or control.

Common examples of prepositions of

Possession include:

Of, in, at, & for

Preposition of
responsibility
describe who is responsible for an action
or event.
Preposition of
responsibility
describe who is responsible for an action
or event.

EXAMPLES :
to, by, and for.
Preposition of
Cause and Effect
describe how one action causes another.
Common
Preposition of
Cause and Effect
describe how one action causes another.

EXAMPLES :
because of, due to, and
resulting from.
Preposition of
Purpose
describe why an action or event occurs.
Preposition of
Purpose
describe why an action or event occurs.

EXAMPLES :
for, to, and so that.
Usage of Prepositions of Agents
or Things

OF - This preposition is used to indicate

belonging or Possession. For example,
“This is a picture of my family.”

FOR - indicates the Purpose of an action or the

recipient of something. For example, “I
bought this dress for my daughter.”
Usage of Prepositions of Agents
or Things

WITH - This preposition is used to indicate the

thing that is used to act. For example,
“He opened the door with his key.”

BY - This preposition is used to indicate the agent

or thing that acts. For example, “The painting
was created by the artist.”
Usage of Prepositions of Agents
or Things

ABOUT - indicates the agent of an action, such as

the person or thing responsible for it.
For example, “He wrote about his
experience in the army.”
 phrasal
preposition
What Are Phrasal Prepositions?
A phrasal preposition is a combination of two or more words
that act as a single preposition, such as “in spite of,” “because
of,” and “in addition to.” Phrasal prepositions are often used in
everyday speech and writing, and they can also be useful in
academic contexts.
They are used to express relationships between nouns, verbs,
adjectives, adverbs, and essentially any part of speech. Phrasal
prepositions can help create complex sentences with
interesting ideas and make them easier for readers to
understand.
phrasal preposition

prepositional phrase
 Phrasal Prepositions VS
Prepositional Phrases?
A phrasal preposition is a preposition that is made up of
more than one word, and it is used to indicate a location or
a relationship between two things.

A prepositional phrase, on the other hand, is a group of

words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun
or pronoun, and it functions as an adjective or adverb in a
sentence.
 “She is standing in front of the
building.”

“The book on the shelf is mine.”

“She is standing in front of the building.”
(In this sentence, “in front of” is a phrasal preposition indicating
location. It is not a prepositional phrase because it is not modifying a
noun or pronoun.)

“The book on the shelf is mine.”

(In this sentence, “on the shelf” is a prepositional phrase modifying the
noun “book.” It begins with the preposition “on” and ends with the
noun “shelf.”)
Example Sentences With Phrasal
Prepositions
1. According to the weather forecast, it’s going
to rain tomorrow.
2. I’m late because of the traffic.
3. They communicated by means of a secret
code.
4. The event was canceled due to the pandemic.
5. Everyone has left except for me.
Example Sentences With Phrasal
Prepositions
1. According to the weather forecast, it’s going
to rain tomorrow.
2. I’m late because of the traffic.
3. They communicated by means of a secret
code.
4. The event was canceled due to the pandemic.
5. Everyone has left except for me.
Example Sentences With Phrasal
Prepositions
6. She’s standing in front of the store.
7. In spite of the rain, we decided to go for a walk.
8. I will wait inside of the car.
9. I’m writing this letter on behalf of the company.
10. I left my keys on top of the fridge.
Example Sentences With Phrasal
Prepositions
6. She’s standing in front of the store.
7. In spite of the rain, we decided to go for a walk.
8. I will wait inside of the car.
9. I’m writing this letter on behalf of the company.
10. I left my keys on top of the fridge.
Here is a list of common
phrasal prepositions:
According to On behalf of
Because of On top of
By means of Out of
Due to Owing to
Except for Throughout
In addition to To the detriment
In front of of
In spite of With regard to
Inside of With respect to
On account of Worth of
Rules for Prepositions:
RULE NO. 1

Preposition must be followed by an

object and if any verb comes after a
preposition, it must be in gerund form.
Example:
"Shreya prevented
her from commiting
mistakes."
Rules for Prepositions:
RULE NO. 2

When an interrogative pronoun comes

as an object then the preposition mostly
comes at the end or front position.
Example:
"What is she
thinking of?"
Rules for Prepositions:
RULE NO. 3
When a sentence is formed like an
infinitive (to+verb), in such case
preposition is always placed after the
infinitive.
Example:
"Royal Inn is a
good place to
stay."
Rules for Prepositions:
RULE NO. 4

When an object is a relative

pronoun 'that' in that case,
the preposition is at the end.
Example:
"This is an
activity that I'm
fond of."
Rules for Prepositions:
RULE NO. 5

In the formation of interrogative

sentences preposition comes at
the beginning of the sentence.
Example:
"By which Bus
did he go?"
ACTIVITY 2
an interesting character
The class will be divided into two groups.
For the first group, you will have to choose a story from any
book you've read or movie you’ve watched. Pick a part that
was particularly memorable for you and try to remove all the
prepositions you can see from the characters’ dialogue or lines.
For the second group, you will have to create a dialogue about
any scenario incorporating prepositions appropriately.
After 5 minutes, act it out in front of the class. All members
should have a part in your presentation.
ASSESSMENT
FILL IN THE BLANKS. CHOOSE THE LETTER OF THE APPROPRIATE
ANSWER
1. This table is made ……………………….. teak wood.
a. with
b. of
c. from

2. I am going …………………….
a. to home
b. for home
c. home
3. He hit me ……………………….. a stick.
a. by
b. with
c. Either

4. India has been independent ………………………… 1947.

a. for
b. from
c. since
5. He wrote ………………………….
a. me
b. to me
c. at me
TEST II.

Explain what the importance of preposition is in English

language.
Answers-

1. of
2. home
3. with
4. since
5. to me