lOMoARcPSD|33672490

Ebeling, An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering, 2nd ed.

CHAPTER 7

7.1
x1 = 45 and x2 = 120 / 160 =.75
λ ( t / x ) = e−9.48 +.01759 x + 7.017 x = e−9.48 +.01759( 45 )+ 7.017(.75 ) =.03253 × 10−3
1 2

MTTF = 1 / λ = 30740.85
−3
R(1000 ) = e − (1000)(.03253×10 )
=.96799
x1 = 30 and x2 = 120 / 160 =.75
λ (t / x ) = e −9.48 + .01759 x1 + 7.017 x2 = e −9.48+ .01759( 30) + 7.017(.75) = e −3.6896 =.02498 × 10 −3
−3
R (1000) = e − (1000)(.02498×10 ) =.97533
x1 = 45 and x2 = 120 / 200 =.60
λ (t / x ) = e −9.48 +.01759 x1 + 7.017 x2 = e −9.48 +.01759( 45) + 7.017(.6) = e −4.4783 =.01135 × 10 −3
−3
R (1000) = e − (1000)(.01135×10 ) =.98871
Increasing the capacitor rating improves the reliability the most because λ is decreased.
.98871−.96799
The percentage increase is: =.0214 → 2.14%
.96799
7.2
u( x ) = 12.31−.0157( 200)−.35( 7.3) = 6.615

R( t ) = 1 − Φ
FG ln t − u( x )IJ → R( 20) = 1 − Φ
FG ln(20) − 6.615IJ = 1 − Φ(−2.53) =.9943
H s K H 143 . K
7.3

a) R= z1000
f ( x )dx =
1
z 1000
e
−
x
500 L O
dx = M− e P = − e − ( −1) =.86466
−
x
500
1000
−2
0
500 0
N Q 0

b) R = P( X < 1000) = Φ
FG 1000 − μ IJ = ΦFG 1000 − 500IJ = Φ(3.03) =.99878
H θ K H 165 K
F 1 t IJ = ΦFG 1 ln 1000IJ = Φ(2.31) =.98956
R = P(ln X ≤ ln 1000) = ΦG ln
c)
H s t K H .3 500 K med
7.4

z z 250
x
∞ 1 ∞ − −
f ( y )dy = dx = 0 − ( − e ) =.90832
2600
2600
a) R= e
250 2600 250

FG y IJ FG 250 IJ
z z FG IJ
β β
GFH θy JIK
.8
β −1
∞ ∞ β y − −
Hθ K −
H 2600 K
b) R = P (Y ≥ s) = f ( y ) dy = dy = e =e =.85762
s s θ θ H K e

c) R = P(Y ≥ 250 ) = 1 − P(Y ≤ 250 ) = 1 − P(ln Y ≤ ln 250 ) = 1 − Φ

FG 1 ln 250 IJ
H .9 2600 K
= 1 − Φ( −2.60 ) =.99534

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 lOMoARcPSD|33672490

Ebeling, An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering, 2nd ed.

7.5
Using equation 7.15:
1 1 .95(25)
R= = =.95 → μ y = = 475
μx 25 .05
1+ 1+
μy μy
Or:

R( y) =
1
25 z 0
y −
e
x
25 dx = −e
−
x
−
y
25 y = 1 − e 25
0

F 1 − e I λe FG 1 + λ IJ y
R= z0
∞
R ( y ) f ( y )dy = z 0
∞
GH JK
−
y
25 − λy
dy = z ∞

0
λe − λy
dy − z ∞

0
−
λe H 25 K dy

∞
LM −e FGH −
1
25
+λ y
IJ
K OP ∞

λ .05
= − e − λy − λM F PP = 1− =.95 → λ = → MTTF = 475
0
MN GH
1
+λ
IJ
K FG 1 + λIJ .95 × 25
25
Q 0 H 25 K
7.7
F μ −μ I F 275 − 180 I
Using equation 7.5: R = Φ GG y x
JJ = ΦGH J
K = Φ(2.43) =.99245
H θ +θ 2
y
2
x K 25 + 30 2 2

7.8
R = P( X < Y ) = P( X < 20) =.25 z 20

0
e − .25 x dx = − e −.25 x
20

0
= − e −.25( 20) + 1 =.99326

R(t ) = e − (1− R )αt = e − (.00674)(.5) t

a) R(10) = e − (.00674)(.5)(10) =.96686 and b) R (20) = e − (.00674)(.5)(20) =.93482

7.10
R( y ) = z z f ( y ) f ( x )dydx = z z .04( y − 15)dy 12 dx = z .02( y − 15)
y 20
15 x Y X
17
15
20
x
17
15
2 20
x
1
2
dx

1L O 17

= z .5−.02( x − 15)
17
15
1
2
dx = M.5 x −
2N
.02
3
b x − 15g P =.4733
2

Q
3

15

7.13
−
FG x IJ β
−
FG 100 IJ 2

R = P( X ≤ Y ) = P( X ≤ 100) = 1 − e Hθ K = 1− e H 50 K =.98168
− (1− R )αt − (1− .98168 ) 2 t − .03664 t − λt
R( t ) = e =e =e =e → λ =.03664 and MTTF = 1 / λ = 27.293 days

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Ebeling, An Introduction to Reliability and Maintainability Engineering, 2nd ed.

7.16
R( t ) = e− (1− R )αt = e− (1−.992 )(1) t = e−.008 t → R( 25) = e−.008( 25 ) =.81873
− ln.95
R( td ) = e−.008 td =.95 → td = = 6.41 yrs
.008

7.17 Using equation 7.17:

F F
med y IJ I F FG IJ I
ln GG GH
med x
ln
100
K JJ
20 GG H K JJ = Φ(160
R=Φ =Φ . ) =.9452
GG
s y + sx
2 2
.6 +.82
2 JJ GGH JJK
H K
7.26
Stress (X) Strength (Y) Frequency of Load Static Dynamic
Reliability reliability
R R(100 days)
a. Constant = 600 Weibull with beta = Random (Poisson) - .951 .984
psi 2.1 and theta = 2500 averaging once
psi every 300 days
b. Exponential with Exponential with Periodic – every .9542 .096
mean = 120 volts mean = 2500 volts other day

c. lognormal with constant = 1200 lbs. Periodic – every 40 .966 .933

median = 600 lbs. days
s = .38

a. R = exp[-(600/2500)2.1 = .951; R(100) = exp[-(1-.951)/3] = .984

b. R = 2500 / (2500 + 120) = .9542; R(100) = .954250 = .096
⎛ 1 ⎛ 1200 ⎞ ⎞
c. R = Φ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ = Φ (1.824 ) = .966; R(100) = .966 = .933
2
ln ⎜
⎝ .38 ⎝ 600 ⎠ ⎠

7.29
b b
2y y2
a. R = ∫ b2
b/2
dy =
b2
= 1 − 1/ 4 = 3 / 4
b/2
5
b. R(110) = (3/4) = .237
c. R(110) = exp[-(1-3/4) (1/20) (110)] = .2528
⎡ y 1 ⎤ 2y
b
⎡ y ⎤ 2y
b b
2 y3 2
d. R = ∫0 ⎢ ∫0 b ⎥ b2
dx dy = ∫0 ⎢⎣ b ⎥⎦ b2 dy = 3
=
3b 0 3
⎣ ⎦

7.40 (a) This is case 1, k = 600 psi. R = 1 – exp[-(600/190)2.15] = .99992859

Rn = .99 or n log R = log .99; n = log .99 / log R = 1407.37 landings or 469 days
(b) R(90|469) = .99992859559 x 3/ .99 = .998; F(499) = 1 - . 998 = .002

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