Maths Frameworking Pupil Book 1.

3 Answers

Exercise 1A
1 £1040.82
2 £723
3 a 334.46, 280.84, 263.96, 241.17, 469.71, 469.71 b £93.29 c £143.46
4
210 270 360 576
432.22 464.63 493.95 672.80
Kenny
5
168
159 184
179 49 145
6 376 miles
7 a 895 kWh b £124.325
8 a 123 b £91.6

Exercise 1B
1 a 0, –4 b 8, –15 c –15, –20

2 a 25 b 12 c 21
3 1°C
4 a –8, –7, 2, 9, 13 b –12, –11, –10, –7, 8 c –11, –6, –4, 0, 4
d –14, –13, –9, 8, 9 e –18, –10, –9, –7, 10 f –17, –8, 5, 7, 19
5 a true b true c false d false e false f false g true h true
6 a< b> c> d<
7 a –7.5 b –1 c –15
8 15.8, 15.5, –3.5, –4.6, –4.9
9 a 10 b2 c 15 degrees
10 6°
11 a 187, 133.38, –95.16, –95.16 b taken out more than is in the account
Challenge: Changing state
A water, fresh; water, sea; glycerine; castor oil; linseed oil; mercury; turpentine; chloroform;
carbon dioxide; ether; butane; nitrogen
B butane, carbon dioxide, chloroform, ether, nitrogen C 131°

Exercise 1C
1 a –11 b –9 c –3 d 32 e 8 f0 g 10 h –21
i –30 j –8 k –26 l –12 m –31 n –28 o –36 p –94

2 a9 b 15 c9 d –53
3 a –2 b6 c –11 d 10 e –15 f –8 g6 h –15
i –3 j –14 k0 l0 m –6 n 10 o –11 p –15
4 a9 b –55 c –28 d –45 e 36 f0
g –15 h –118 i 15 j –165 k –19 l –48
5 a4 b –20
6 a b c
0 –28 –8
–20 –12 –4
–16 4 –24
7 £–11
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Problem solving: Magic squares
A B
–27 –6 0 15 0 –28 –26 –6

6 9 –21 –12 –22 –10 –12 –16

–9 –24 18 –3 –14 –18 –20 –8

12 3 –15 –18 –24 –4 –2 –30

Exercise 1D
1 a 28 b 29 c 40 d –9 e 11
2 a 15 b 15 c –5 d 15 e –4 f –2 g6 h8
i 13 j –7 k –7 l –6 m –8 n 11 o 11 p –6
3 a 48 b 0 c 132 d 0 e 47 f 72
g 22 h –60 i 184 j –45 k 81 l 31
4 a 81 b –55 c 372 d –21
5 largest 38, smallest –38
6 a –11 b 18 c 33 d –42
7 a –1, –15, –6, –20, –11 b –3, –6, –1, –8, 1 c 8, –8, 8, –4, –12, 8
8 a1 b –11 c 43 d –74 e 24 f –14 g 0 h 35
i –18 j –29 k –2 l 72 m –33 n 23 o –28
9 5, –9, –4, 11, 10, 11
10 29
Challenge: Marking a test
A Eve 68, Sophia 10, Oliver 25
B 40 correct, 6 incorrect and 4 not attempted

Exercise 1E
1 a2 b 12 c –42 d –2 e 12 f –16 g–10 h 12 i –3 j –40 k 9 l 72
2 a 14 b 27 c –56 d –12 e 15 f –48 g –44 h 16 i –5 j –39 k 96 l 63
3 a –2, 8 b –12, 20, –240 c 8, –12, –96
4 a (–3, 8), (–4, 6), (3, –8), (4, –6) b (2, 6), (–2, –6),(3, 4), (–3, –4)
5
a –5 –10 –15 –20 b 9 27 45 63
–6 –12 –18 –24 11 33 55 77
–7 –14 –21 –28 13 39 65 91
–8 –16 –24 –32 15 45 75 105
6 a –126 b –9 c –154 d 20 e –117 f –66 g 13 h 88 i 132
j –8 k –26 l –126 m 124 n 16 o –300 p 1 q 11 r 144
7 a 16, –32, 64 b –81, –243, –729 c –625, 3125, –15 625 d 256, –1024, 4096
8 a i (–8, 2, –3), (–16, –6), (96) ii (–2, –4, –12), (8, 48), (384)
b Yes, because negative multiplied by negative always gives a positive and with three
sets of multiplication, these always result in the last being either two negatives to multiply
together or two positives.
c If one of the end numbers is the opposite sign to the other three numbers you will end
up with a negative number at the top.
Challenge: Number puzzle
They always end up with the same number started with, but without the negative sign.

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Chapter 1: Answers to Review questions
1 34 m
2 22
3 a £240 b £130
4 31
5 a 1080.25, 950.25, 700.25, 952.96, 952.96
b debit is money taken out; credit is money put in
6 a 19 759 m b 2063 m
7 a
Item Buying Selling Profit (£)
price (£) price (£)
Silver dish 59 41 –18
Umbrella 33 47 +14
Toy car 45 55 +10
Total 137 143 +6
b
Item Buying Selling Profit (£)
price (£) price (£)
Silver dish 38 55 +17
Umbrella 49 85 +36
Toy car 110 58 –52
Total 197 198 +1
c The Red team won by £5.00.
d
Red team Red team with
without the the bonus buy
bonus buy
Blue team
without the Red won Red won
bonus buy
Blue team with
Blue won Red won
the bonus buy
8 a –5 b –27 c 56 d –132 e 63 f –24
g –60 h 96 i 23 j –1400 k 300 l 720

Chapter 1: Answers to Problem solving – Where in the world?

A Where shall we go?
1 San Francisco
2 1 hour
3 3 hours
4 5pm
5 4:30am
B How shall we get there?
1 £262
2 10:00, 22nd; 18:00 23rd; 07:15, 22nd
3 09:30, Sept 1st; 10:50, Sept 1st; 14:00, Sept 1st
4 a 19:15 from Heathrow and 1400 from Sydney on Sept 1st
b 16:00 from Heathrow and 0930 from Sydney on Sept 1st

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Exercise 2A
1 a add 4 b multiply by 3 c multiply by 4 d divide by 2 e subtract 14
f multiply or divide by –1
2 a 9, 5 b 9, 3 c 3, 3 d 8, 5
3 a 2, 5, 6 , 11 b 33, 37, 45, 57 c –3, – 2, –1, 9
4 2, –10 or 3, –20 etc.
5 a 5, – 1 b + 1,  5 or  5, + 5 c ÷ 2, +1

6 a

d The inputs are all 12

7 3
8 –6
Challenge: Inputs and outputs
A a2 b4 c –6 d –8 e –1
B ab i2, +7 or 3, +2
ii2, +44 or 3, + 36 or 4, +28 or 5, +20 or 6, +12 or 7, + 4
iii 2, +39 or 3, +26 or 4, +13 or 5, +0

Exercise 2B
1 a 1, 7, 13, 19, 25 b 1, 9, 81, 729, 6561 c 1, –2, –5, –8, –11 d 1, , , ,
2 a 5, 11, 17, 23, 28 b 5, 45, 405, 3645, 32 805
c 5, 2, –1, –6, –9 d 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125
3 a 15, 19 (+ 4) b 256, 1024 (4) c 125, 625 (5) d 64, 128, (2)
e 12 ,6 (÷ 2) f –3, –7 (– 4) g 8, 1 (÷ 5) h 54, 162 (3)

4 a –5, –10 (– 5) b , (÷ 2) c –14, –30 (–16) d 0.01, 0.001 (÷10)

5 a 1, 5, 9, 13 (+ 4). 1, 5, 25, 125 ( 5) b 3, 6, 9, 12 (+ 3). 3, 6, 12, 24 ( 2)
c 2, 8, 14, 20 (+ 6). 2, 8, 32, 128 ( 4) d 3, 12, 21, 30 (+ 9). 3, 12, 48, 192 ( 4)
e 4, 2, 0, –2 (– 2). 4, 2, 1, (÷ 2) f 45, 15, –15, –45 (– 30). 45, 15, 5, 1 (÷ 3)
6 a 1, 4, 7, 10 (+ 3) b 18, 13, 8, 3 (– 5) c 5, 25, 125, 625 ( 5)
d 4, 1, , (÷ 4) e 160, 80, 40, 20 (÷ 2) f 3, 9, 27, 81 ( 3)
7 10 days. The heights reached each day are 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 6 m, 7 m, 8 m, 9 m,
12 m.
8 The posts are 2.4 m apart as there are only 5 ‘gaps’ between posts.
9 Laura has £275 and Ed has £511.50 which is £236.50 more than Laura.
Investigation: Common terms
A a 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81
b 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 33, 38, 43, 48, 53, 58, 63, 68, 73, 78, 83, 88, 93, 98
B a Common terms are 13, 33, 53, 73 b Start at 13 and add 20
C There are no common terms as all the terms in 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, … are odd and all the
terms in 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, … are even.

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Exercise 2C
1 a 31, 301 b 22, 247 c 35, 350 d 42, 402 e 33, 393 f 57, 507
2 a –1, 97 b –8, 237 c –3, 193 d –25, 416
3 a 41 b −76 c –34 d –95
4 A –4, 0, 4, 8, 192 B –3, 7, 17, 27, 242 C –5, 2, 23, 44, 338D −11, 0, 22, 44, 55, 528
5 208
6 –1
7 a4 b 19 c d 59
8 a Add 3 and 0, 3, 6, 9 b multiply by 2 and 1 , 3, 6, 12 9 127
Challenge: Patterns with dots
A a 25 b 100 B a 15 b 55 C a 50  50 b (50  51)

Exercise 2D
1 a i 3, 5, 7 ii 201 b i 3, 7, 11 ii 399
c i 2, 7, 12 ii 497 d i 5, 8, 11 ii 302
e i 9, 13, 17 ii 405 f i 11, 21, 31 ii 1001
g i 2 , 3, 3 ii 52 h i 6, 13, 20 ii 699

ii , ,1 ii 49
2 a i 3n + 1 ii 151 b i 4n + 2 ii 202
c i 12n + 4 ii 604 d i 3n ii 150
3 a 6n – 3 b 3n + 7 c 6n + 1 d 3n – 2
e 7n – 3 f 2n + 3 g 4n + 5 h 8n – 3
i 10n + 1 j 9n – 6
4 a i 4n ii 3n + 1 iii 7n + 1 iv 200 v 151 vi 351
b i 4n – 4 ii 4n iii 8n – 4
iv 196 v 200 vi 396
5 a –5n + 100 b –7n + 40
c –3n + 27 d –2n + 12
6 a1 n+1 b 1.3n + 1.5
c2 n+4 d –2.5n + 35
7 a 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 b 5, 8, 13, 20, 29
c 0, 3, 8, 15, 24
8 3, 5 ,7, 9; they are all the same
Investigation: The eccentric mathematician
Emily as the second account is worth £524 286 and Ellen only has £90 000.
Account 1 Account 2
Year Amount Total Amount Total
paid in paid in
1 5000 5000 2 2
2 5000 10000 4 6
3 5000 15000 8 14
4 5000 20000 16 30
5 5000 25000 32 62
6 5000 30000 64 126
7 5000 35000 128 254
8 5000 40000 256 510
9 5000 45000 512 1022
10 5000 50000 1024 2046
11 5000 55000 2048 4094
12 5000 60000 4096 8190
13 5000 65000 8192 16382
14 5000 70000 16384 32766
15 5000 75000 32768 65534
16 5000 80000 65536 131070
17 5000 85000 131072 262142
18 5000 90000 262144 524286
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Exercise 2E
1
11  11 12  12 13  13 14  14 15  15
112 122 132 142 152
121 144 169 196 225
2 c4+9 d 1 + 16 e 4 + 16 f 9 + 16 g 1 + 25
h 4 + 25 i 9 + 25 j 1 + 36 k 4 + 36 l 16 + 25
m 9 + 36 n 1 + 49 or 25 + 25 o 16 + 36
3
55 + 11 66 + 12 78 + 13 91 + 14 105 + 15
66 78 91 105 120
4 c 3 + 6 d 1 + 10 e 3 + 10 f 1 + 15 or 6 + 10 g 3 + 15 h 6 + 15
i 1 + 21 j 3 + 21 k 10 + 15 l 6 + 21 m 1 + 28
n 3 + 28 or 10 + 21 o 6 + 28
5 1 and 36 (the next one is 1225)
6 a 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 = 36 = 62, 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 = 49 = 72
b Consecutive odd numbers c i 100 ii 225
7 a yes: 52 + 122 = 169 = 132 b no: 22 + 52 = 29
c yes: 62 + 82 = 100 = 102 d no: 92 + 72 = 130
2 2 2
e yes: 7 + 24 = 625 = 25 f yes: 102 + 242 = 676 = 262
8 a 5, 13, 25, 41, 61, 85, 113, 145, 181, 221
b No as the square numbers are alternatively odd and even and adding an odd to an
even always gives and odd number.
c 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …. This is a sequence with a first term of 8 and a term-to-term rule of
add 4.
9 a 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21, 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 28
b Consecutive integers c triangular numbers d i 55 ii 120
10 a 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121 b Square numbers
Challenge: Testing rules
A The rule always works. 8  3 + 1 = 25 = 52, 8  6 + 1 = 49 = 72,
8  10 + 1 = 81 = 92, 8  15 + 1 = 121 = 112
B The rule always works, 9  1 + 1 = 10, 9  3 + 1 = 28, 9  6 + 1 = 55,
9  10 + 1 = 91
C The rule always works. 12 + 32 = 10, 32 + 62 = 45, 62 + 102 = 136 (120 + 16), 102 + 152 =
325 (325 is a triangular number)
Exercise 2F
1 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181
2 1, 3, 21, 55
3 1, 144
4 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9 1
5 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
This is a geometric sequence where each term is double the previous term.
6 The first diagonal is the counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ….
The second diagonal is the triangular numbers 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ….
7 0 + 1 + 1 = 2, 0 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 4, 0 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 = 7,
0 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 = 12
The sum of the first n Fibonacci numbers = (n + 2)nd Fibonacci number – 1
8 21  5 = 105, 8  13 = 104, Difference = 1.
Take 21, 34, 55, 89. 21  89 = 1869. 34  55 = 1870. Difference = 1.
Take 2, 3, 5, 8. 2  8 = 16. 3  5 = 15. Difference = 1.
The rule works.

Investigation: Consecutive numbers

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A For example: 10, 11, 12; 10  12 = 120, 112 = 121, 121 – 120 = 1
13, 14, 15; 13  15 = 195, 142 = 196, 196 – 195 = 1
20, 21, 22; 20  22 = 440, 212 = 441, 441 – 440 = 1
the difference is always 1
B For example: 5, 8, 13; 5  13 = 65, 82 = 64, 64 – 65 = –1
13, 21, 34; 13  34 = 442, 212 = 441, 441 – 442 = –1
8, 13, 21; 8  21 = 168, 132 = 169, 168 – 169 = –1
144, 233, 377; 144  377 = 54 288, 2332 = 54 289, 54 288 – 54 289 = –1
the difference is always –1
C For example: 3, 8, 21; 3  21 = 63, 82 = 64, 64 – 63 = 1
2, 5, 13; 2  13 = 26, 52 = 25, 25 – 26 = –1
8, 21, 55; 8  55 = 440, 212 = 441, 441 – 440 = 1
55, 144, 377; 55  377 = 20 735, 1442 = 20 736, 20 736 – 20 735 = 1
the difference is always 1 or –1
D 2, 8, 34; 2  34 = 68, 82 = 64, 64 – 68 = –4
3, 13, 55; 3  55 = 165, 132 = 169, 169 – 165 = 4
34, 144, 610; 34  610 = 20 740, 1442 = 20 736, 20 736 – 20 740 = –4
55, 233, 987; 55  987 = 54 285, 2332 = 54 289, 54 289 – 54 285 = 4
the difference is always 4 or –4

Chapter 2: Answers to Review questions

1 a 10 b 72 c 154 d Total = 3  shape number + 4
2 b –4 c 18 d÷2
3 a 53, 45 b 22, 29 c 29, 37
4 a £25 b £6, £10, £15, £21 c Maisy has £50 and Daisy has £55.
5 a 6n + 1 b 181 c 15 d 33, 1
6 a 9n – 4 b –2n + 14 or 14 – 2n c 0.5n + 3
7 a
Pattern Number of Number of Total
Number blue triangles yellow number of
triangles triangles
1 1 3 4
2 3 6 9
3 6 10 16
4 10 15 25

Chapter 2: Answers to Mathematical reasoning – Valencia Planetarium

1 a 4L + 4R, 4L + 2T + 7R, 4L + 4T + 10R
b
Ladder L links T links R Rods c 4L + 18T + 31R
1 4 0 4 d 4L + (2n – 2)T + (3n + 1)R
2 4 2 7
3 4 4 10
4 4 6 13
5 4 8 16

b
c 4L + Rectangle L links T links X links R Rods 20T + 9X + 52R
d 4L 2×1 4 2 0 7 + 2nT + (n – 1)X +
2×2 4 4 1 12
2×3 4 6 2 17
2×4 4 8 3 22
2×5 4 10 4 27

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 (5n + 2)R

b
c 4L + Rectangle L links T links X links R Rods 22T + 18X + 73R
d 4L + 3×1 4 4 0 10 (2n + 2)T +
(2n – 3×2 4 6 2 17 2)X + (7n + 3)R
e 4L + 3×3 4 8 4 24 (2n + 4)T +
(3n – 3×4 4 10 6 31 3)X + (9n + 4)R
3×5 4 12 8 38
4 a 4L + 4R, 4L + 4T + X + 12R, 4L + 8T + 4X + 24R
bc
d Square L links T links X links R Rods Starts at 0 and adds 4 each
time 1×1 4 0 0 4
e 2×2 4 4 1 12 Square numbers
f e.g. 3×3 4 8 4 24 for n = 7
27 4×4 4 12 9 40 (7 + 1) = 14  8 = 112, so
the 5×5 4 16 16 60 rule works
g 4L 6×6 4 20 25 84 + 28T + 49X + 144R
h 4L + (4n – 4)T + (n – 1)2X +
7×7 4 24 36 112
2n(n + 1)R

Exercise 3A
1 a i 20 cm ii 25 cm2 b i 46 cm ii 120 cm2
c i 30 m ii 56 m2 d i 108 mm ii 720 mm2
2 7500 m2
3 a 24 m2 b 96
4 20 cm
5 a 4 cm b 10 cm c 6 m d 8 cm
2
6 a 24 cm, 35 cm b 84 cm, 360 cm2 c 9 cm, 144 cm2 d 5 m, 12 m2
e 6 m, 27 m f 32 mm, 114 mm
7

8 9 cm by 1 cm, 8 cm by 2 cm, 7 cm by 3 cm, 6 cm by 4 cm, 5 cm by 5 cm (allow fraction

measurements, for example 5 by 4 , 6 by 3 )
9 l = 30 m, w = 15 m
Investigation: Perimeter equals area?
Yes. For example: l = 4, w = 4; l = 6, w = 3; l = 10, w = 2

Exercise 3B
1 a i 40 cm ii 75 cm2 b i 48 cm ii 44 cm2
c i 76 cm ii 145 cm2 d i 32 m ii 36 m2
2 a 69 cm2 b 45 cm2
3 a correct working is 12 × 5 + 6 × 5 b 90 cm2
4 a 600 cm2 b 936 cm2 c 336 cm2
2
5 125 m
6 10.25 m2
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Problem solving: Compound shapes A 70 cm
B 192 cm2
Exercise 3C
1 a 24 cm2 b 70 cm2 c 12.5 cm2 d 250 mm2
2
e 10 m
2 a 10 cm2 b 7 cm2 c 22.5 m2 d 10 mm
e7m
3 a 96 cm2 b 7.5 m2 c 120 cm2 d 108 mm2
2
e 50.4 m
4 i 52 cm ii 128 cm2
2
5 a 35 cm b 56 cm2 c 8 m2 d 160 mm2
2
e 35 m
6 a 2 m2 b 4 m2
2
7 1480 mm
8 2.4 m2
9 172 cm2
10 h = 2, a = 2, b = 6; h = 2, a = 1, b = 7; h = 2, a = 3, b = 5; h = 4, a = 1, b = 3; and others
Investigation: Pick’s formula
A a6 1 3 b6 2 4 c 9 4 7.5 d 10 4 8 e6 4 6 f 14 4 10

Exercise 3D
1 a i 280 cm2 ii 300 cm3 b i 132 cm2 ii 72 cm3
2
c i 310 m ii 300 m3 d i 92 mm2 ii 48 mm3
2 3
2 i 6 cm ii 1 cm
3 a i 24 cm2 ii 8 cm3 b i 150 cm2 ii 125 cm3 c i 600 cm2 ii 1000 cm3
2 3
d i 384 m ii 12 m
3
4 a 36 m b 36 000 litres
5 a 1080 cm3 b 18
6 96
7 4 different cuboids: 1 cm by 1 cm by 20 cm (82 cm2 ), 1 cm by 2 cm by 10 cm (64 cm2), 1
cm by 4 cm by 5 cm (58 cm2), 2 cm by 2 cm by 5 cm (48 cm2). Greatest surface area
given by 20 unit cubes arranged in a straight line
8 44 m2, 16 m3
9 l = 12 cm, w = 10 cm, h = 5 cm, V = 600 cm
Investigation: Volume of an open box

Size of square Length of box Width of box Height of box Volume of box
1 cm by 1 cm 18 cm 14 cm 1 cm 252 cm3
2 cm by 2 cm 16 cm 12 cm 2 cm 384 cm3
3 cm by 3 cm 14 cm 10 cm 3 cm 420 cm3
4 cm by 4 cm 12 cm 8 cm 4 cm 384 cm3
5 cm by 5 cm 10 cm 6 cm 5 cm 300 cm3
6 cm by 6 cm 8 cm 4 cm 6 cm 192 cm3
7 cm by 7 cm 6 cm 2 cm 7 cm 84 cm3
As the sides of the square increase, the volume increases and then decreases. This means
that the box will have a maximum volume.
Students may decide to try decimal values for the size of the square.

Chapter 3: Answers to Review questions:

1 A 64 cm2, 32 cm; B 32 cm2, 24 cm; C 16 cm2, 16 cm
2 12 cm
3 72
4 a 17.5 cm2 b 108 cm2 c 18 m2
2
5 42 cm
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6 192 cm2
7 a 6 m2 b 45 cm2 c 12 m2
8 a i 94 cm ii 60 cm3
2
b 6 cm

Chapter 3: Answers to Problem solving – Design a bedroom

1 a Perimeter = 17 m b Area = 17.5 m2 c Cost of carpet = £568.75
2 a 7 posters b £1.07 is left over
3 a Door wall = 10.5 m2, short window wall = 7.25 m2, long window wall = 11 m2,
plain wall = 8.75 m2 Total area of walls = 37.5 m2
b 4 tins of paint
4 a 35 700 cm3 b 60

Exercise 4A
1 a 34 b 0.45 c6 d 89 e 5.3 f3
g 0.0004 h 0.0058 i 0.34 j 0.0045 k 0.06 l 0.0089
2 a × 1000 b ÷ 1000 c × 100 d ÷ 100
3 a 0.7 b 100 c 0.07 d 100 e7 f 10 000
g 0.0007 h 100 i7
4 a 780 cm b 455 cm c 2950 cm d 80 cm
e 14 cm f 208.5 cm g 0.76 cm h 0.4 cm
5 a 1.395 kg b 0.475 kg c 0.05 kg d 6.27 kg
e 0.0815kg f 0.020 08 kg g 0.1255 kg h 0.070 009 kg
6 104 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 10 000; 105 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 100 000;
106 =10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 1 000 000
7 a 350 b 400 c 7 d 270 000 e6 f 7080 g 0.035 h 0.0004
8 46 170 000, 62 744 000, 114 800 000, 311 590 000, 1 344 000 000
9 should have been reported as 1.206 billion
Activity: What is a trillion?
A A trillion is 1 000 000 000 000 B Multiply by moving digits 12 places to the left.
Divide by moving digits 12 places to the right.

Exercise 4B
1 a< b> c> d> e> f<
2 0.0045, 0.0457, 0.5, 4.05, 4.057, 4.5, 4.57
3 a 0.0073, 0.008, 0.073, 0.7, 0.7098 b 1.0334, 1.2033, 1.4, 1.4045, 1.405
c 0.034, 0.34, 3.0034, 3.4, 34
4 China
5 Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
6 32.68 cm, 269.8 cm, 6.5 m, 27 m, 6485 cm
7 999 g, 4671 g, 4.7 kg, 5 kg, 5500 g
8 650 millilitres, 6.85 litres, 7 litres, 7.085 litres, 7308 millilitres
Investigation: Reciprocals
A 0.2, 0.166 67, 0.142 857 1, 0.125, 0.111 111 1
B 0.111 111 1, 0.125, 0.142 857 1, 0.166 67, 0.2
D they get smaller and smaller

Exercise 4C
1 a should end in 8 b 80 × 40 = 3200 c close to 100 ÷ 10 which equals 10
d because 7 × 6 = 42 e should end in 6 f 70 × 100 = 7000
2 $800 3 a 1000 b 9000 c 23 d 10 e 150 000 f 10 g8 h 210
4 because 8 × 90p would be about £7.20
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5 Yes, estimate £1.50 × 6 = £9, and £9 is less than £10
6 The shopkeeper had entered 55p on the till as £55
7 60 ÷ 20 as it gives a simple, easy division to 3
8 a 0.6 b 0.7 c 0.9 d 1.2 e 3.5 f 1.4 g 4.7 h 10.0
i 0.1 j 0.1 k 1.5 l 5.2 m 8.8 n 5.0 o 5.1
9 a 100 b 200 c 50 d 200 e 200 f 100 g 200 h 200 i 300 j 50 k 70 l 600
10 a round each up to the pound above to total to an estimated £19
b estimating by rounding up gives a total of £19, which leaves a pound spare, enough for
a 55p bar
11 Estimate David as $9000, James as $15 000, Olivia as $7000 and Kathryn as $10 000
giving a total of $41 000. They should qualify.

Exercise 4D
1 a 51.3 b 48.33 c 11.373 d 10.32
e 5.99 f 8.244 g 9.173 h 395.159
2 a 22.9 b 16.87 c 2.19 d 8.92
e 3.59 f 3.92 g 0.05 h 382.99
3 90p
4 a £5.44 b £6.01 c £2.99 d £9.66
5 a It estimates to a total of £90, so the bill is probably too high.
b the correct total is £88.15
6 c estimates as 39, but when you calculate them you will find a is the largest with a value
of 35.16. This is because they all have similar values, so it is hard to judge by estimating.

Exercise 4E
1 a 0.06 b 0.08 c 0.36 d 0.14 e 0.008 f 0.032 g 0.006 h 0.009
i 0.56 j 0.0056 k 0.27 l 0.0054 m 0.045 n 0.25 o 0.004 p 0.0018
2 a 240 b 12 c 300 d 12 e 12 f2 g 1.4 h 18
i 40 j 1.2 k3 l 48 m 250 n 20 o 1.5 p 0.1
3 a 480 b 120 c 2.4 d 4800 e 6.4 f 14
4 £17 700
5 £2358
6 £1200
7 3000 g
8 a 0.002 kg b 4000 kg
9 too many, only needs to buy 28
10 buy 80 at 3p each at £2.40, cheaper than two boxes
Challenge
A a 0.01 b 0.001 c 0.0001
B a 0.000 01 b 0.000 001 c 0.000 000 1 d 0.000 000 000 1
C a 0.04 b 0.09 c 0.16 d 0.25 e 0.64 f 0.008 g 0.027 h 0.064 i 0.125

Exercise 4F
1 a 0.06 b 0.08 c 0.36 d 0.14 e 0.008 f 0.032 g 0.006 h 0.009
i 0.56 j 0.0056 k 0.27 l 0.0054 m 0.045 n 0.25 o 0.004 p 0.0018
2 a 240 b 12 c 300 d 12 e 12 f2 g 1.4 h 18
i 40 j 1.2 k3 l 48 m 250 n 20 o 1.5 p 0.1
3 a 480 b 120 c 2.4 d 4800 e 6.4 f 14
4 £17 700
5 £2358
6 £1200
7 3000 g
8 a 0.002 kg b 4000 kg
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9 too many, only needs to buy 28
10 buy 80 at 3p each at £2.40, cheaper than two boxes
Challenge
A a 0.01 b 0.001 c 0.0001
B a 0.000 01 b 0.000 001 c 0.000 000 1 d 0.000 000 000 1
C a 0.04 b 0.09 c 0.16 d 0.25 e 0.64 f 0.008 g 0.027 h 0.064 i 0.125

Chapter 4: Answers to Review questions

1 £117.25
2 £14.75
3 745 g, 1.95 kg, 2 kg, 2.05 kg, 3708 g
4 a 12.5, 15.2, 17.9 b –0.9, –4.2, –7.5 c 10.1, 16.4, 26.5
5 0.689, 6.13, 6.37, 6.4, 60.02, 60.8, 62.95
6 a shape D with 30.8 cm b shape B with 27.16 cm2
7 480 geese and 240 pheasant
8 a 2 × 4 × 8 = 64, less than 70 b 1cm
9 2p
10 estimate 700 ÷ 0.07 to 10 000, much less than one million.

Chapter 4: Answers to Financial skills – Porridge is so good for you!

1 30 870 000
2 £118 500 000
3 469
4 725 tonnes
5 12-13 days
6 a £3.80 b £5.80
7 £12 500
8 £2.28

Exercise 5A
1 For example 25 + 144 = 169
2 36 and 64
3 a 15 b 10 c 13 d 11 e 14
4 a 16 b 48 c 31 d 500 e 24
f 19 g 83 h 67 i 667 j 6667
5 a 6 and 7 b 9 and 10 c 7 and 8 d 13 and 14 e 14 and 15
f 9 and 10 g 28 and 29 h 94 and 95 i 70 and 71 j 44 and 45
6 a 28 b 35 c 46 d 99 e 54 f 31 g 37 h 55 i 48 j 49
7 a i 11 ii 110 iii 1100 b all have 11 × a power of ten c 11 000
8 12, 2, –2, –12
9 20, 14, 12, 6, –6, –12, –14, –20
Investigation: Square numbers
A the square root of the product is equal to the product of the first three numbers
B yes
C yes
D yes

Exercise 5B
1 a 17.5 b 11.7 c 41.1 d 74.3 e 62.2 f 245.0 g 182.1 h 615.3
i 181.1 j 61.4 k 108.1 l 10.0
2 a 4.4 b 15.4 c 25.2 d 1.6
3 a 6.3 b 9.7 c 7.7 d 13.8 e 14.8
f 9.4 g 28.3 h 94.9 i 70.7 j 44.9
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4 60 000 , 30 000 , 40 000 , 10 000 , 10 000 , 30 000 , 80 000 , 40 000
5 a 18.62 b 1.79 c 4.25 d 83.15 e 3.29 f 2.90
g 7.24 h 5.80 i 9.05 j 7.53 k 8.10 l 10.00
6 a 8.04 b 10.89 c 16.52 d 1.71
7 a 0.4 b 0.4 c 0.1 d 0.6
8 006, 0.8, 1, 0.1, 300, 100, 10, 20
Problem solving: Rounding decimals
Chris could have chosen 53.154 and Joy 53.15

Exercise 5C
1 a ×, 84 b ÷, 8 c ×, 245 d ÷, –2 e +, 150 f –, 39 g +, 196 h –, 8
2 a 92 b 84 c 64 d 100 e 56 f 200 g 2250 h 156
i 225 j 1350 k2 l 19 m 225 n 117 o 175 p –33
3 a 12 × (5 + 7) b 64 ÷ (8 ÷ 4) c (7 + 5) × (1 + 6) d 9 + (62 × 2) e (3 + 12)2
f 8 – (6 – 3) + 7 g 3 × (6 + 3 + 7) h ( 5 + 4) × (7 + 2) i 19 – (34 – 12) j 29 – (15 × 2)
k (8 + 8 + 8) ÷2 l (7 + 4)2 – (9 + 2)
4 a 2 × 72 = 196 is wrong b it should be (2 × 7)2 = 196
5 a 1 b 3.5 c 3 d 7 e 8 f 48 g 13 h 14 i 15
6 (4 × 10) + (5 × 20) = £140
7 (12 × 2.99) + 3.50 = £39.38
8 (2.70 × 2) + 4.20 + 6.10 = €15.70, not enough money
Problem solving: Sevens and eights
A a4 b 48 c 49

Exercise 5D
1 £227.24
2 400.2
3 441
4 £360.75
5 He can buy 23 at £1.56 for £35.88. The other tins would cost him £41.17.
6 No, it will cost £47.28.
7 No, 3.75 × 5.35 = £20.06
8 a 86.94 m2 b 40.2 m
9 a 2.664 b 7.992 c 3.996
d The digits of the first number are at the beginning and the end of the product, the
middle two digits are the same and the sum of the digits of the first part.
e 1.887 f No, the first two digits must add up to less than 10.
Investigation: Number patterns
A 88, 888, 8888, 88 888
B The left hand number has an extra digit added to it each time reducing by one. The right
hand number in the sum reduces by one each time. The answer is all 8’s and one more
than the number of digits in the left hand number.

Exercise 5E
1 £1263.20 Investigation: The number 37 037
2 £6.21 The same digits are repeated in the
3 11.75 litres product as long as you multiply by less
4 86.3 than 28.
5 a 63 b €49 455 c €15.22
6 a 17 b 12
7 20
8 128
9 6 km 68
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Exercise 5F
1 a8 b 300 c 79.7 d 800 e 3175
2 a 0.236 b 8.045 c 0.060 02 d 0.021 118 e 0.076
3 a 840 b 3200 c 410 000 d 256 e 8.2
4 a 5.759 b 0.817 c 19.43 d 0.082 e 0.760
5 a 6500 b 5430 c 870 d3 e 5623
6 a 1.28 b 2.099 c 29.42 d 0.36 e 85.285
7 a 1 h 12 min b 5 h 25 min c 14 h 30 min d 6 h 40 min e 1 h 33 min
8 a 12.04 m b 375 g c 985.6 cl d 120.54 cm
9 No, it’s 2.9 kg
10 a metres b kg c km d hours
11 a 2800 g b 0.18 kg c 0.08 kg
12 a 40 b 100 c 9
13 1.2 litres
Investigation: Growing plants in rows
A The most he can grow is on a square plot of land with 49 rows of 49 plants giving 2401
plants.
B Other rectangle plots such as 500 m × 5 m with 499 rows of 4 plants giving 1996 plants.

Chapter 5: Answers to Review questions

1 a 81, –243, 729 b ×–3
2 45.1 cm
3 a 16 b 52 c 34
4 the trapezium with an area of 40.8 cm2
5 One decimal place will always have the one place of decimal, whereas one significant
figure may have no decimal places or many.
6 To buy Basic shirts but Stylish shorts will total $259.59.
7 giraffe 157.5 kg
8 43.8 seconds
9

Chapter 5: Answers to Problem solving – What is your carbon footprint?

1 20 tonnes
2 2.17 tonnes
3 1600 g
4 2560 g
5 800 g
6 a 28.82 kg b 23 g
7 a 48.16 kg b 13 g
8 a 21.8 kg b 0.2 g

Exercise 6A
1 a 5, 8 b 34, 21 c 12, 15 d 102, 12 e 23, 19 f 3, 6
g 2.3, 1.7 h 1, 5
2 a £1.80, £3.25, £2.40 b no mode, 26 kg, 14 kg
c 132 cm, 141 cm, 19 cm d 32°, 32°, 6°
3 a £2.20 b £2.30 c £2.30 , it’s in the middle of the range
4 a for example 10, 10, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 b for example 9, 10, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16
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 c for example 10, 11, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16
5 a Kathy b Tim
6 a for example 3, 5, 9 b0
7 Geff 60, needs another 60 to make 60 the mode
Michael 75, needs to make the median 75
Asifusal 159, needs to make the range 130
8 6.8 minutes (= 6 minutes 48 seconds)

Exercise 6B
1 a8 b 34 c 26 d 1.7
2 a 5.5 b 15.4 c 77.8 d 9.7
3 a 31 b 100 c 248 d 30.6
4 a 137.9 cm b 36.5 cm c 129 cm d mean, takes everyone into account
5 a3 b2 c 2.1
6 a4 b5 c5
7 a £216.67 b 3 c They are paid a lot more than most.
8 a (15 + 24 + 14 + 14) ÷ 4 = 16.75, more than 16 b 23
Investigation: Mean and median
B d The more times you throw the dice, the closer the mean gets to 3.5.

Exercise 6C
1 a 12 b bus c 31
2 a Dec b Jan, Feb, April, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec
c 1991–2000 was 35 mm, 2001–2010 was 45 mm
d Over time, the summers have less rain but the rest of the year has more rain.
3 a 16 °C b 5 °C c 13.5 degrees d Answers should be around 9 °C
e shows temperature at all possible times
4 a silver b 12 c 25% d see at a glance the spread of each colour
5 a Around 250 in the first half, 380 in the second half. b August c 80 d 16%
6 a 200 b c 13.9%

Exercise 6D
1 c Museum
2 c Lion
3 c Swimming
4 c Maths

Exercise 6E
1 d 5–9
2 d 6-10
3 b0 d i 0–2 ii 0–4 e the 0–4, 5–9, 10–14
4 a 60 ˂ time ≤ 75 b no one scored between 75 and 85 minutes

Exercise 6F
1 b the younger they were, the less they suggested
2 b the younger they were, the earlier they suggested
3 b the older they were, the later they suggested
4 b There is no obvious pattern with the food choice so answers will vary.

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Chapter 6: Answers to Review questions
1 a £1 b £0.90
2 a 0 °C b –0.5 °C
3 11 cm2
4 2.02 kg
5 a 1 × 36, 2 × 18, 3 × 12, 4 × 9 b 42.5 km c the 2 × 18 rectangle
6 a Rossington had 100 walking, Maltby had 135 b 109
7 b 145–150 cm
8 sides of 5 cm, 5 cm and 8 cm
9 a Discrete data has a fixed number of possible values, and is not limited to numerical
data. Continuous data can take any value within a range.
b Discrete: shoe size, colours, cost
Continuous: time, weight, height, length

Chapter 6: Answers to Challenge – Maths tournament

1 a 14 years b 13 years c 13.14 years
2 a 40 seconds b 38 seconds c 38.2 seconds
3 a 3 times b 9 times c 7 times
4 a2 b Rowlinson: 3.86, Jordanthorpe: 3.43
c Rowlinson d Anthony

Exercise 7A
1 a 5g b 5g + 3 c 5, 25, 28 d 7, 35, 38
2 a k + 3.5 b or k c k – 1.5 d 2k e 2(k + 3.5) f k + 1 or +1
3 a 2x + 24 or 2(x + 12) b y +23 c 2r + 25 d 2k + 12
4 a 39 b 61 c 22
5 a p – 26 b 13 cm
6 or d 7
8 a 13 b8 c 82 d 100 e2
9 a 21 b 33 c 23 d9 e 5.5
10 a 2n + 4 b 5(t – 7)
11 a Each side of the square is p and the rectangle is 6 × p = 1.5p b 2p c 2p
12 a a + a + a + a + 10 + 10 = 4a + 20 b 44 c 2 × 22 = 44 d You can split it
into two equal parts, each equal to 2a + 10 e 4 × 11 = 44 f You can split it into four parts
each equal to a + 5
13 a p+ q b p+ q c p+ q d p+q e p+ q
14 a c b c c c d 2s + c es– c
Investigation: Areas of compound shapes
Students’ own shapes

Exercise 7B
1 a 3k b 8b c 2c d 9d e 2x f y g 3z h 6p
2 a 5f + 7 b 6t – 5 c 3x + 4y d 5g – 3h
e 4w + 10 f 4y + 2 g 3r – s h t+1
3 a 2x + 9 b 4t + 3 c 3w + 14 d 5m + 14 e 6n + 14
4 a 2c2 b 4f2 c x(x + 2)
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5 a x + 14 b a + 22 c 2t + 10 d 2t + r + 5 e 2f + 12
f k + m + 14 The order of terms can vary
6 a 3y – 1 b 5k + 1 c 15t – 3
7 a 5a + 1 b 4d – 12
8 8v – 5w
9 a 8a + 12d b 10x + 15y c 14f d 3y2
10 a a – 15 and a – 24 b k – 13 and k – 19
Investigation: Adding expressions
(x + 1) + (x + 1) = 2x
(x + 1) + (2x + 3) = 3x + 4
(x + 1) + (x + 2) = 2x + 3
(x – 1) + 2x = 3x – 1
(x – 1) + (x + 2) = 2x + 1
(2x + 1) + (x – 2) = 3x – 1
(x + 2) + (x – 2) = 2x
(x + 2) + (x – 1) + (x – 2) = 3x – 1

Exercise 7C
1 a £105 b £165 c £60
2 a £34.50 b £39 c £49.53
3 31
4 a £89.20 b £129.20 c £169.20
5 a 3.87 cm² b Missing values are 43 and 172
6 a 8 metres per second b 6.25 metres per second
7 276 cm²
8 a 80 b Values of a are 80, 75, 70, 65, 60 c The formula gives the same answers
9 a Values of a are 108, 120, 135, 144, 150, 162 b The formula gives the same answers
Challenge: Changing temperature
A Values of F are 32, 68, 104, 140
B Values of C are 0, 10, 30, 50, 100
C a 308 b K=(F-32)/1.8+273

Exercise 7D
1 a t = 14 + 0.1t b £27.70 c t = 17 + 0.08t
2 c = 16n + 10
3 a t = 40w + 15 bt= or t = w+
4 c = 0.4r + 1.7t
5 f = 4(d + 12)
6 a t = 5n – 7 bt= + 10 ct= d t = 200 – 5n e t = 2(2n + 3)
7 a a = w(w + 3) b p = 2(2w + 3) or p = 4w + 6
8 a N + 1, N + 2 and N + 3 b P = 4N + 6
9 A=
10 c = a + 2b + 16
11 c = d – 32
12 t = 3a + b + 37
13 x = m – 97
Investigation: Dotty shapes

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A Shape A 8 and 3; shape B 3 and 0.5; shape C 10 and 4
B and C Student’s own shapes a = or a = n–1
Chapter 7: Answers to Review questions
1 a 3a + 4 b 2.5b + 12 c 4c – 7
2 a i 2Q + 4S ii iii 3Q – 2S b Different possible answers
3 a 14 b 21.5 c 16 d 16 e9 f7
4 a 4x + 18 b 14x
5 a p = 11x b i area = 5.16x2 ii 516 cm2
6 a P = 8w – 4 b A =w(3w – 2)
7 r=
8 a i 8.5, 12.5, 17 and 10 ii 12 b m =
9 a 9x – 3 b (3x – 1) + (3x – 1) + (3x – 1) = 9x – 3
10 a 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 b 8, 18, 28, 38, 48 c 8 + 5d d 8 + 9d e 8 + 99d

Chapter 7: Answers to Problem solving – Winter

1 £144
2 £394
3 a £28 b £44 c £84
4 difference = 4 + 8D
5 difference = 3 + 11D
6 £817
7b graph should show a straight line through (1, 25) and (10, 178)
c graph should show a straight line through (1, 13) and (10, 94)
8 first graph should show a straight line through (1, 32) and (10, 239)
second graph should show a straight line through (1, 18) and (10, 126)

Exercise 8A
1 a , , , and

b , , , and

2 a , , b , ,

c , , d , ,
3 a 24 b 9 c 45 d 14 e 24
f 32 g 15 h 154 i 90
4 a b c d e f

g h i j k l

m n o p2 q r6

5 Eight ( , , , , , , , )

6 a b c d e f

7 Possible answers: a and b and

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8 Possible answers: a and b and

9 a b c d

10 a i ii iii bi ii iii

ci ii iii
Problem solving

Exercise 8B
1 a b
2 a=b< c> d< e< f> g< h>
3 Possible answers are:
a b c d
4 The smaller is in bold:
a and b and

c and d and

5 a b c d
6 These are the fractions with the smallest possible numbers. The larger is in bold:
a and b and

c and d and

e and f and

7 a , , b , , c , ,

8 = and = so is closer to 1 (larger)

Investigation: The fractions in between
A = and = ; = and =

B a is smaller than = .

= is larger than =

b = = is less than = = is more than =

c = is larger than = = is less than =

Exercise 8C
Challenge: Ancient
1 a b c d e f g h
Egyptians
A Possible answers:
e1 f g h 5 a b c d
a + or + b
2 a b c d e f g h

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 e f g h 6 a b c d + c + or +

3 a b c d d +
e f g h
e f g h B + or +
7 8 9
4 a b c C a + +
10 a litre b litre
d b + +

Exercise 8D
1 a b c d e f

g h i j k l 4

2 1 = ,3 = ,1 = ,2 =

3 a 2 b 6 c 8 d 9 e 8 f 6

g 3 h 7 i 5 j 12 k 1 l 8

4 ,2 ,2 , , ,2 ,2

5 because is less than

6 and are possible answers. There are many others.

7 a i decreasing ii increasing the denominator makes the fraction smaller.
b i increasing ii decreasing the denominator makes the fraction larger.
8 a i decreasing ii the differences from 1 are , , and so on.

b i increasing ii the differences from 1 are , , and so on.

Challenge: Fill the bags
+ = and + = =2 so there is enough

Exercise 8E
1 a4 b3 c6 d9

e6 f6 g5 h7

2 a3 b1 c1 d3

e f1 g5 h3

3 a5 b3 c9 d2

e6 f1 g 15 h4

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4 a8 b8 c8 d

e9 f 5 g 25 h

5 a2 b5 c1

6 a The right hand. The masses are 7 kg and 7 kg b 14 kg

7 a2 km b7 km

8 a 16 pounds b 16 pounds
Challenge: Fractions in sequences
A 5 and 6

B a1 b1 c1

C The answer is (The denominator is

6 × 7)

Chapter 8: Answers to Review questions

15 15 20 9
1 a Possible answers are 18 and 40 b Possible answers are 24 and 24
5 11
c 1 24 d 24
1
2 a1 b1 4 c1 d 2 e6
11 9
3 5
, 4,2 ,2
5 11
4 a1 b c 1 12 d e 1 20 f
3
5 a 14 b2
7 14
6 a b 18 c 1 15
41
7 13 60 cm

8 10 cm
3 9
9 mode = 14 5 kg , median = 14 10 kg , range = 7 kg
5
10 6 x+2 8 y

11 a 12 b 12 c1 d1 e 11 , 13
17
12 1 20

Chapter 8: Answers to Challenge – Fractional dissections

Task 1
1 5
Diagrams to show + + and + 4 + 12
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Task 2
1 2 3
a none b + + c none d none e + 10 + 5 and + 10 +
Task 3
Diagrams should show each of these, in any order
1 7
a + 9 + 18
2 5
b + 9 + 18

c + +
4 1
d + 9 + 18
1 13
e + 9 + 18
7 1
f + 9 + 18
1 1
g + 9 + 18

Exercise 9A
1 a 24° b 29° c 165° d 115° e 251° f 282° (accept answers ± 2°)
5 a 75°, 60°, 45° b 180°
6 b, c 180°
7 a 150°, 70°, 140°, 60°, 120° (accept answers ± 2°)
b 540° depends on accuracy of measurement
c 180° × 3 = 540°

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Exercise 9B
1 a 130° b 165° c 96° d 218°
2 a 45° b 126° c 80° d 39°
3 a 52° b 137° c 26° d d = 41°, e = 139°
4 a 39° (opposite angles are equal) b 60° (angles round a point = 360°)
c 127° (angles on a line = 180°) d 145° (angles on a line = 180°)
e 78° (opposite angles are equal) f 114° (angles round a point = 360°)
5 a a = 360° ÷ 6 = 60° b 180° – 104° = 76°, b = 76° ÷ 2 = 38°
c 360° – 90° = 270°, c = 270° ÷ 2 = 135°
6 d = 120°, e = 60°
7 x = 80°, y = 100°
Reasoning: Calculating angles
A 4x = 180°, x = 45°, so the angles are 45° and 135°
B 10y = 360°, y = 36°, so the angles are 36°, 72°, 108° and 144°
C 3c = c + 80°, 2c = 80°, c = 40°, so both angles are 120°

Exercise 9C
1 a, c, e and f
2 a, b and e
3 a 50° (alternate) b 62° (corresponding) c 108° (alternate)
d 52° (corresponding) e 94° (alternate) f 151° (corresponding)
4 p = 73°, q = 132°
5 a a = 140° (angles on a line), b = 40° (opposite angles or angles on a line), c = 40°
(corresponding angles)
b d = 45° (opposite angles), e = 45° (corresponding angles), f = 45° (alternate angles)
6 a a = 110° (angles on a line), b = 40° (alternate angles), c = 30° (alternate angles)
b they add up to 180°
Reasoning: Angles in parallel lines
A a = 285° (angles around a point), b = 40° (alternate angles), c = 35° (alternate angles)
B

Extend the middle parallel line to split angle f into 2 angles a and b.
a = 23° (alternate angles are equal)
b = 64° (alternate angles are equal)
So f = 23° + 64° = 87°

Exercise 9D
1 a 85° b 100° c 42° d 40° e 97°
2 a 65° b 35° c c = 62°, d = 56° d e = 64°, f = 116° e g = 58 °, h = 121 °
3 a, b i a = 39° (interior), b = 141° (exterior) ii c = 59° (interior), d = 121° (exterior)
iii e = 45° (interior), f = 135° (exterior)
c The exterior angle is the sum of the two interior angles.
4 55°, 60° and 65°
5 25° and 130° or 77 ° and 77 °
6 a 316° b 305° c 110° d 30° e e = 70°, f = 45°, g = 25°
7 a
p = 49° (angles on a line = 180°)
q = 97° (angles in a triangle = 180°)

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23
 r = 97° (opposite angles are equal)
s = 40° (angles in a triangle = 180°)
so c = 140° (angles on a line = 180°)

b
e = f = 47° (angles in an isosceles triangle)
g = 133° (angles on a line = 180°)
d = h = 23 ° (angles in an isosceles triangle)

so d = 23 °
8 a 9z = 180°, z = 20°, so the three angles are 40°, 60° and 80°
b 4y + 120° = 180°, 4y = 60°, y = 15°, so the three angles are 25°, 45° and 110°
Problem solving: Calculating angles in triangles
A Mark unknown angles on the diagram.
Label them a and b for example.
a = 86° (corresponding angles are equal)
b = 52° (angles on a line = 180°)
So e = 42° (angles in a triangle = 180°)

B Mark unknown angles on the diagram.

Label them a, b, c and d for example.
a = 74° (angles on a line = 180°)
b = 62° (angles on a line = 180°)
c = 74° (corresponding angles are equal)
d = 62° (corresponding angles are equal)
So m = 44° (angles in a triangle = 180°)
Note: there are other ways to work out the solution

Exercise 9E
1 a 80° b 139° c 108° d 126°
2 a 109° b 108° c 68° d 94°
3 set b, the only set whose sum is 360°
4 a The missing interior angle = 80° (angles on a line = 180°), so a = 90° (angles in a
quadrilateral = 360°)
b The missing interior angle = 117° (angles in a quadrilateral = 360°), so a = 63° (angles
on a line = 180°)
5 a 110° b Both pairs of interior angles between the parallel lines add up to 180°.
6 a + 2a + 3a + 4a = 360°, 10a = 360°, a = 36°. So the four angles are 36°, 72°, 108°
and 144°.
7 a + a + 10° + a + 20° + a + 30° = 360°, 4a + 60° = 360°, 4a = 300°, a = 75°
So the four angles are: 75°, 85°, 95° and 105°.
8 No because 3 × 90° = 270° and 360° – 270° = 90°, so the 4th angle must also be 90°.
Problem solving: Triangles in quadrilaterals
Label the angles in both triangles with different letters.
So the sum of the interior angles of the quadrilateral
= (a + b + c) + (d + e + f )
= 180° + 180° (angles in both triangles = 180°)
= 360°

Maths Frameworking 3rd edition © HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 2014

Teacher Pack 1.3

24
Exercise 9F
1 AB = AC = BC, ABC = ACB = BAC
2 a BC and CD b AD and BC c AD and CD or BC and CD
3 AB = BC = CD = AD, AD is parallel to BC, AB is parallel to CD and the diagonals bisect
each other at 90°
4 a square, rhombus b rectangle, parallelogram, kite, arrowhead
c square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus d trapezium
e square, rhombus, kite, arrowhead f square, rectangle
g square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus h square, rhombus, kite i arrowhead
5 a A square is a rectangle with equal sides.
b A rhombus is a parallelogram with equal sides.
c An arrowhead is a kite with an interior reflex angle.
6 a square, rectangle, parallelogram, isosceles triangle b 2 different trapeziums
c square, parallelogram, isosceles triangle
Challenge: Making triangles and quadrilaterals
a

Chapter 9: Answers to review questions

1 a 148° (angles on a line = 180°) b 108° (angles at a point = 360°)
c c = 67° (opposite angles are equal), d = 113° (angles on a line = 180°)
2 a 71° b 24° c 32° d d = 64°, e = 52°
3 a true b false c true d false
4 a = 45° (angles in a triangle = 180°) b = 135° (angles on a line = 180°) c = 20° (angles in
a triangle = 180°)
5 a a = 138° b b = 125° c c = 50° d d = 47°
6 a a = 110° b b = 70° c c = 50° d d = 130°
7 BEC = 48° (alternate angles are equal), so DEC = 78° (angles on a line = 180°)

Chapter 9: Answers to Activity – Constructing triangles and quadrilaterals

1 b  P = 68° (± 2°),  R = 47° (± 2°) c 9.8 cm (± 0.1 cm)
3 b 132° (± 2°) c AB = 6.8 cm (± 0.1 cm), BC = 8.5 cm (± 0.1 cm)
4 b  P = 89° (± 2°),  Q = 121° (± 2°) c 3.9 cm (± 0.1 cm)

Maths Frameworking 3rd edition © HarperCollinsPublishers Ltd 2014

Teacher Pack 1.3

25
Exercise 10A
1 A(2, 4), B(5, 2), C(–4, 3), D(–4, 0), E(–5, –4), F(0, –5), G(2, –3), H(5, –4)
2 bN 1
3 c (–3, 2) d (– 2 , – )

Exercise 10B
1 a (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6) b (1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7), (4, 8)
c (1, –2), (2, –1), (3, 0), (4, 1) e all the lines are parallel to y = x
2 a (1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8) b (1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), (4, 12)
c (1, 5), (2, 10), (3, 15), (4, 20) e they all pass through the origin (0, 0)
3 a b c

4 a b c d

e f g h 5bx=4
6 a (0, 3), (2, –1)
Investigation:
y = x2
B, C About 4.4
D The graph is
curved and not
straight.

Exercise 10C
1 a yes b yes c no d yes e no f yes
2 y = x + 1 and y = 3
3 y = x + 3 and y = 2x
4 For example y = x + 2 and y = 3x
5 For example y = x + 6 and y = 4x
6 (1, 2)
7 18
8 A kite
Challenge: Common coordinates
A For example (0, –1) and (2, 7)
B For example (0, 2) and (2, 6)
C (1.5, 5)
D y = 4x – 1 and y = 2x + 2
Exercise 10D
1 ay=3 bx=3 cx=4 dy=0 e y = –x f y = –3 gx=0
hy=2 i x = –1 jy=x
2 a
3 a I and D b J and I c C and H
d D and E e E and H f B and J
g K and G h C and F i D and A
j B and H

4 a i (–1, 3) ii (4, –1) iii (–5, –6)

b i (–9, 5) ii (28, –15) iii (–48, –23)
5 a y = –3 b y = –5 cx=7
d x = –2 ey=x f y = –6
g x = –3 hx=7 i y = –x
jy=–4
Investigation: Areas of triangles
D a 24.5 square units
b 12.5 square units
c 50 square units
d 32 square units
e 4.5 square units

Exercise 10E
1 2

3 They are parallel

4 a, d and e
5 ax+y=2 bx+y=6 cx+y=1 d x + y = –3
e x + y = –6 f y = – x or x + y = 0 gx+y=3 hx+y=–3
6 a b (2 ,2 ) c same d Divide a by 2
e i (2, 2) ii (5 , 5 ) iii (-4, -4)

Challenge
Ax+y=6
B y = 3x
C

D (1.5, 4.5)

E x = 1.5 y = 4.5

Exercise 10F
Where answers are to be read from a graph please accept answers close to those given.
1 a i 7.5 ii 22.5 b i 0.8 ii 4.8 iii 10
2 a (5, £3.15), (10, £6.30), b Graph from (0, 0) to (25, 15.75)
c i £1.26 ii £11.34 iii £14.18 d i $7.94 ii $19 iii $23.50
3 a Graph from (0, 7 to (10, 8.75) b 103 packets
4 a i £13.30 ii £18.70 b i $60 ii $15 c D = 1.5P
5 a 900 km b 1.5 hours c D = 180H
6 a 1900 gallons b 1500 gallons c F = 2500–300H d 540 km
7 a About 44 km b About 12:33
8 a Ace cars, City cabs b 2 hours
c Walter as he is cheaper for 2 to 4 hours.

Challenge: Taxi fares

A Journey via Maidstone Journey via Dary

B station: station:
Taxi fare = £6.20 Taxi fare = £12.60
Streetcars Train fare = £28 Train fare = £18
Total £34.20 Total = £30.60
Taxi fare = £3 Taxi fare = £15
City Taxi Train fare = £28 Train fare = £18
Total £31 Total = £33
It is cheaper to use Streetcars and travel from Darly Station.
Chapter 10: Answers to Review questions

1 a 16, 19 b (16, 22), (19, 26) c (73, 98)

2 a 77 b 20

3 b For example

cy=x+2 d i and iv

e the numerator (x coordinate) will be bigger than the denominator (y coordinate)

4 The wife catches up with the

husband at 1pm after 60km.

They then travel at 12km/h for 5 hours.

They get back to the start at 6pm.

Chapter 10: Answers to Challenge – Travelling abroad

A 1 UK gallons: graph with straight line through (0, 0) and (10, 45.46)

US gallons: graph with straight line through (0, 0) and (10, 37.85)

2 UK 6.6 gallons, USA 7.9 gallons

3 Graph with straight line through (0, 0) and (6.6, 7.9)

4 a) 9.6 US gallons b) 4.2 UK gallons

5 £5.31

B 1 50 miles

2 320 km

3 125 miles

4 1 h 20 min

5 1.61 km

Exercise 11A
1 a 80% b 12.5% c 35% d 125% e 175%
2 a 70% b 7% c 170% d 107% e 177%
3 a b c d e
4
Percentage Fraction Decimal
40% 0.4 5 a 66 % b 166 % c 266 %
6 a 45.8% or 46% b 13.2% or 13%
95% 0.95 7 a 65.1% b 153.6%
190% 1.9 8 a Wales 42.5%,
Scotland 33.6%,
4% 0.04
England 23.9% b 64.0%
260% 2.6 c 71.1% d 140.6%
2 9 a 37.5%, 87.5%, 137.5%, 187.5%
b = 237.5% and = 287.5

10 a 40% + 37.5% = 77.5% b 83 % + 66 % = 150%

11 a 0.8 + 0.45 = 1.25 b + =1

Investigation
A 55, 89, 144
B =166 %, = 160%, =161.5%, =161.9% B
C They go up and down in value and get closer together

Exercise 11B
1 of 25 is 20 so of 26 is more than 20. She is incorrect.
2 a £23 b £46 c £92
3 a £63.70 b £445.90 c £660 d £1020
4 a 80 cm b 72 cm c 75 cm d 64 cm
5 80
6 a i, iii and iv are 40 ii, v and vi are 48 b Possible answers are of 80 and of 96
7 a 45 minutes b 80 minutes c 48 minutes
d 75 minutes e 50 minutes f 72 minutes
8 £12.50
9 a £6.67 b £2.10 c £4.29 d £7.20 e £13.75
10 The fractions should be of 17, not 18. For example, half of 17 is 8 and not 9. There is

one camel left over because + + = is less than one.

Challenge: Filling in the fractions
A of 40 = 40 ÷ 2 × 3 = 60 and of 90 = 90 ÷ 3 × 2 = 60
B and C Any pair of numbers where one is of the other e.g. 20 and 45 or 4 and 9

Exercise 11C
1 a £77 b £4.40 c 88p d 69p e £3520 f £1 540 000
2 a £27 b £76 c £640 d £2730
3 £1440
4 £150
5 a 15.5 kg b 11.25 m c 22.8 litres d 10.8 cm
e 0.075 kg f £400 g 6000 people h 126 m
6 a 4.6 kg b 6.9 kg c 27.6 kg d 24.15 kg
7 a £10.50 b £1.05 c 42p d 63p
8 a9g b 30 cm c £4.90 d 26 cm
9 a £22.50 b £33.75 c £3.75 d £112.50
10 a £89.01 b £48.99
11 a of 20 is 15 and of 75 = 15 b 0.36 × 90 = 0.9 × 36 = £32.40
c 0.83 × 50 is the same as 0.5 × 83 = half of 83
Financial skills: Credit cards
A £270
B £2.70
C £272.70
D The numbers from A, B, C go in the table.
E The numbers are £100, £350, £3.50, £185, £538.50.

Exercise 11D
1 a 18 m b 210 km c 6000 spectators
2 The order is b, c, a
3 a i 1599 ii 2666 iii 56
b because 37% + 61.7% + 1.3% = 100%
4 Red 4305 White 6210 Blue 1667
5 320 or 321
6 £205.54
7 £881.50
8 a £122.55 b £12.26 c £407.55

9 a i £197.10 ii £20.10 iii £343.10

iv £416.10
b 134% of £365 = £489.10
10 a 2.38 × 2 804 000 = 6 674 000 to the nearest thousand
b 1 039 000 and 446 000 and 140 000
11 a Con 11 million, Lab 9 million, LD 7 million b 4 million
12 65% of 823 = 535 must be in favour so 530 is not enough

Financial skills: Interest on savings

A a £128.25 b £2.47 c £19
B
Amount 0.5% int 1% int 2% int 3.5% int C £600
£80 £0.40 £0.80 £1.60 £2.80 D £9.33
£250 £1.25 £2.50 £5.00 £8.75 E Student’s own values, e.g.
£4000 £20.00 £40.00 £80.00 £140.00 1% is £5 and 2% is £10
£17 500 £87.50 £175.00 £350.00 £612.50

Exercise 11E
1 a 0.28 m b 2.13 m
2 a 3.5 kg b 46.9 kg
3 £350.97
4 £14 448
5 525
6 a £455.74 b £460.67 c £465.84
7 7 077 000 000 or 7.077 billion
8 a £68.40 b £41.59 c £26.85
9 69 544
10 £220.13
11 a £37 801 b £97.68
12 a £180 000 b £270 000 c £405 000
Financial skills: VAT
A a £48 b £288
B £9635
C a £61.95 b £8.85
D a £21.91 b £65.74

Chapter 11: Answers to Review questions

1 a 62.5% b 71.4% c 125% d 166 2/3%
2 a b c d e
3 a 0.9 b 0.09 c 0.009 d 2.09
4 a 7/4 b 159%
5 a 40 cm b 46.7 cm c 108 cm d 260 cm
6 300
7 a 300 kg b 14 m c 1.75 litres d £32.50
8 a £9.03 b £0.86 c £6.04 d £51.81
9 a 40% b 950
10 copper 138 g, tin 19 g
11 £252
12 a 201.1 m b 309.9 m
13 a £6.44 b £435.44 c Because 1.5% = 0.015 and you multiply by this
14 a 500 cm² b i 24 cm and 30 cm ii 720 cm²
c 40% of 500 cm² = 200 cm² and so a 40% increase in area makes 700 cm². The area is
greater than this.
15 £13 125
16 £23 005
17 a 495 b 105
c It will look something like this
18 ‘Prices reduced to 60%’ and ‘Prices slashed by 40%’ give equal reductions. For
example, on an item with an original price of £100, the reduced price will be £60.

Chapter 11: Answers to Financial skills – Income tax

1 a £17 000 b £17 000, £3400
2 £5400
3 a £1400, £2400, £3400, £4400, £5400, £6400
b Straight line graph joining (8000, 0) and (40 000, 6400)
4 £3900
5 £33 000
6 No, on £18 000 he pays £2000 tax, but on £36 000 he pays £5600 which is more than
double.
7 £8400, £10 400, £12 400, £14 400
8 Graph from 3b should be extended by joining (40 000, 6400) to (60 000, 14 400)
9 £51 500
10 He would pay £13 600 in tax. A quarter of his salary would be £14 500 so he is not
correct.

Exercise 12A
1 A a certain B c fifty-fifty chance C b Impossible D f very likely or e likely
E d very unlikely F f Very likely G g Unlikely
2 a 2 from set B b 1 from set B c 3 from set A or a 4 from set B
d 1 or 4 from set A or 3 from set B e 2 from set A
3 ai = ii = iii iv = v0

b i 0 ii = iii = iv = v1
4 a 0.1 b 0.5 c 0.2 d 0.4 e 0.4 f 0.3
5 a = b0 c = d1

6 a b = c = d = e = f1

7 =

8 =
9 Biased as it should land on a six about 100 times
10 a i ii = iii = iv
b A spinner with sectors marked 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4
Activity: Play your cards right
D This depends on the cards but
a Yes a 1 means the next number is definitely higher or a 10 means the next number is
definitely lower.
b Low numbers such as 2 or 3 means it is likely the next will be higher and high numbers
such as 8 or 9 mean the next number is likely to be lower.
c Numbers in the middle such as 5 or 6 mean it is hard to predict if the next numbers are
higher or lower.
d Yes. If a 1 has already gone and 2 comes up it is certain that the next card will be
higher.
Exercise 12B
1 a
bi ii iii
Head (T, H) (H, H)
2nd Coin Tail (T, T) (H, T) c i 1 ii All outcomes are included
Tail Head di = ii =
1st Coin
8 a
3 0 6 9 9 12 15 b
2 0 4 6 6 8 10
2 0 4 6 6 8 10 ci =
bi ii iii iv 1 0 2 3 3 4 5
1 0 2 3 3 4 5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ii =
0 2 3 3 4 5
2 No, Marion is not correct. This is not d Add to 1
an equal chance. Many other factors
such as skill levels have to be taken ei = ii =
into account.
3 P(6 or more with 1 dice) = , P(6

more with 2 dice) = = > so

2 dice give a better chance. 9 a Score on spinner

1
4 ABC (No), ABD (No), ABE (No), 1 2 3 4
ACD (No), ACE (No), ADE (No), 1 2 2 4 4
BCD (Yes), BCE (No), BDE (Yes), Score on 2 2 4 6 8
CDE (Yes). 3 combinations make a spinner 2 3 4 6 6 12
triangle, 7 don’t so it is more likely 4 4 8 12 16
they will not make a triangle.
5 a 2p, 3p, 4p, 6p, 7p, 10p, 11p, 12p,
15p, 20p, 21p, 22p, 25p, 30p, 40p,
51p, 52p, 55p, 60p, 70p, 100p b = c
b i 2c, 6c, 10c, 11c, 15c, 20c, 26c, d Odd + odd = even and even  odd
30c, 35c, 50c, 51c, 55c, 60c, 75c, or even  even = even so all
100c ii 15 outcomes must be even.
c Barack as he has a probability of 10 a There are 20 white and 10 red so
of having more than 45c but Dave P(red) = 10 =
only has a probability of of having b 10 red balls are added
more than 45p, which is less than . Activity: Scores on a spinner
Score 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 a Frequency 10 10 10 10 10 10
5 10 10 20 20 30 b 25 Results will depend on your spinner but
3 6 6 12 12 18 ci the number with a piece of sticky gum
3 6 6 12 12 18 should occur the most.
1 2 2 4 4 6 ii
1 2 2 4 4 6
2 2 4 4 6 iii
iv 0
7 a
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6
Exercise 12C
1 a depends on your results b c 50
2 a/b Results will depend on what you throw but if the dice is fair then experimental
probabilities should be about .
c The more trials that are done the closer the experimental probability gets to the
theoretical probability so by increasing the number of trials or combining results with
other pupils the results should be closer to .
3 a Results will depend on what happens when you drop the pin.
b The results should be about the same but not exactly the same. If they are the same
then it is just coincidence
4 a Results will depend on what happens when you drop the card
b Maybe not as the toast and the card will have a different weighting and movement
through the air. You could try it with a piece of buttered toast but it might be a bit messy.
5 a Results will depend on what happens when you toss the coin.
b HHH. HHT. HTH. HTT. THH, THT. TTH, TTT i ii iii iv
6 a If the dice was fair you would expect all the probabilities to be about the same, but 2 is
much lower and 5 is much higher than the other results.
b
Score 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 19 6 22 21 36 16
Experimental 0.16 0.05 0.18 0.18 0.30 0.13
probability
c 5 as this has the greatest probability
7 A: May be true B: May be true C: True D: False
8 a 0.3 × 10 = 3 b 7 ÷ 20 = 0.35 c 30 × 0.4 = 12, 12 – 7 = 5
d 0.25 ×40 = 10 but he had thrown 12 by the 30th throw. He cannot
‘un-throw’ numbers.
Investigation: Toss the stick
The results will depend on your throws but the combined results should give a value near

to (3.142)π.

Chapter 12: Answers to Review questions

1 a b7

2 a =
b Jo knows that the other square must be one of B1, B3, A2 or C2 so he has a 1 in 4
chance of getting the right square.
3 a Yes, seeing a 6 has been rolled 23 times is unlikely. b c numbers close to 100
4 0.4
5 The next card must be higher than 1 so she has to say ‘Higher’. Then there is only one
card left so she should guess correctly.
6 After the first trial with 10 balls there are probably 4 red and 6 blue, so if a blue ball is
removed that leaves 4 red and 5 blue. The theoretical probability is P(R) = 0.444, P(B) =
= 0.55555, so set A is most likely.

Chapter 12: Answers to Financial skills – School Easter Fayre

1 £250
2
3 Mrs Wilson
4 It is greater, now the chance is which simplifies to , this is greater than

5 5 tickets left, for = 0.6, x must be 3

6 1 1 1 1 1 2
5 0 0 0 0 0 1
4 0 0 0 0 0 1
3 0 0 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 2 3 4 5 6
6 a P(2 sixes) = so 252  =7
b i 70 ii 175
c £252
d prizes will cost 175  £0.40 + 70  £1 + 7  £2.50 = 157.50,
252 – 157.50 = 94.50
7 No, as the chance of a £2.50 prizes is only .

Exercise 13A
1 a0 b1 c0 d0 e4 f1
2 ai1 ii 2 iii 8 iv 1 v 5 vi 4 vii 6 viii 3
bi1 ii 2 iii 8 iv 1 v 5 vi 4 vii 6 viii 3
3 a Check that there are no lines of symmetry
b Check that there is one line of symmetry
c Check that there are four lines of symmetry
4

The lines of symmetry produce the numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6 a4 b 12 c6
d 12 e 12
7 a 3, 3 b 4, 4 c 5, 5
d 6, 6 e 8, 8
For regular polygons, the number of lines of symmetry is the same as the order of
rotational symmetry
8 a4 b3 c6
9 a b c

Investigation: Symmetrical triangles

Pupil’s own answers

Exercise 13B
1 a b c d
 5

2 a b c d

3 a
b P(1, 7), Q(2, 7), R(3, 2),
S(1, 4), P '(7, 7), Q'(6, 7),
R'(5, 2), S'(7, 4)

a A(2, 4), B(1, 1) and C(4, 1)

b Aʹ(2, –4), Bʹ(1, –1) and Cʹ(4,
–1)
c Aʹʹ(–2, –4), Bʹʹ(–1, –1) and
C”(–4, –1)
4a b c d Aʹʹ(–2, 4), Bʹʹ(–1, 1)
and Cʹʹ(–4, 1)
e a reflection in the y-axis

Exercise 13C
1 a b c d

2 a b c d

3 a A(1, 2), B(4, 4) , C(4, 2)

b and d

c Aʹ(‒2, 1), Bʹ(‒4, 4), Cʹ(‒2, 4)

e Aʹʹ(‒1, ‒2), Bʹʹ(‒4, ‒4), Cʹʹ(‒4, ‒2)
f a rotation of 180° about the origin O
4 a
 b A′(5, 2), B′(5, 0), C′(1, 0), D′(1, 2)
c (1, 2)
d rotation of 90° anticlockwise about (1, 2)

5a

b (-1, -2), (2, -3), (2, -4), (-1, -5)

c Rotation 270° anticlockwise about the point (2, 1) or 90° clockwise about the point (2,
1)
Challenge: Rotating rectangles
A A rotation of 90° anticlockwise (or 270° clockwise) about the point (1 , )

B A rotation of 180° (clockwise or anticlockwise) about the point (2 , 0)

C A rotation of 90° clockwise(or 270° anticlockwise) about the point (3, 1)

Exercise 13D
3 a Yes b Yes c No d Yes e No
4 Yes

Chapter 13: Answers to Review questions

1 a, b i 2 ii 4 iii 5 iv 6
2 a6 b 16
3
0 1 2 3

1 e f

2 b c

3 d a

4 a e.g. b e.g. c e.g.

5 a4 b equilateral triangle, square, rhombus, hexagon
c equilateral triangle = 3, square = 4, rhombus = 2, hexagon = 6
6 a

b Aʹ(4, –2), Bʹ(4, 0), Cʹ(–1, 0), Dʹ(–1, –2)

c Dʹ(–1, –2)
d Rotation 90° anticlockwise about the point (–1, –2) or 270° clockwise about the point
(–1, –2)

Chapter 13: Answers to Activity – Rangoli patterns

1 a0 b6
2 a6 b6
3 a 12 b 12
4 a6 b6

Exercise 14A
1 a 23 b5 c 12 d 22 e 11 f 15 g8 h 27 i 14 j 16 k9 l5
2 a9 b4 c 20 d 5 e 50 f 28 g 20 h 2 i4 j 11 k 20 l 4
3 a = 9, b = 23, c = 14
4 h = 15, i = 33, g = 18
5 a 4.5 b –5 c –4 d –6 e 5.5 f –9 g 0.5 h –3
6 a = –2, b = –4, c = 2
7 a 3r+2 b6 c 12 d 4.5
8 a 2(k+8) b 12 c 2.5 d –3
Reasoning: Bricks in a number wall
A a = 14, b = 5, c = 1
B Student’s own wall
C Six. An example that can be solved with just one number in each row will show that this
is correct, because there must be at least one in each row.

Exercise 14B
1 a x = 41 b y = 65 c w = 81 d t = 5.7
e u = 8.8 f v = 2.8 g k = 650 h r = 36
2 a a = 12 b b = 3.5 c c = 15.5 d k = 62.5
e r = 84 f a = 90 g a = 45 h d = 37.5
3 a f+25.6 cm b i f+25.6 = 40 ii f = 14.4
c i f + 25.6 = 49.5 ii f = 23.9
4 a 9.5r cm² b i 9.5r = 127.3 ii r = 13.4
c i 9.5r = 96.9 ii r = 10.2
5 a 5x = 360 b x = 72 c 72° and 144°
6 a i a+74 = 80 ii a = 106 b i a+199 = 360 ii a=161
c i 6a = 180 ii a = 30
d i 9a =180 ii a = 20
7 a a = 37 ba=7 c r = 33 d r = 21
e x = 15 f y = 4.4 g t = 39 h r = 5.75
8 a x = 20 b x = 20 c x=5 d t=6
e y=4 f k=20 g r = 5.5 h m = 2.5
9 a x+36 b i x+36 = 80 ii x = 44
c i x+36 = 36 ii x = 0 d i x+36=25 ii x= –11
10 a y+4 b i y+4 = 11 ii y = 7 c i y+4 = 0 ii y = –4
Challenge: Another brick in another wall
x = –23

Exercise 14C
1 a x = 11 b y = 16 c t = 16.5 d w = 5.75
2 a a = 25 b b = 5.7 c c = 19.6 d d = 15
3 ax=1 b x = 5.5 c m = 26 d m = 34 e y = 14 f x = 31
g x = 7.25 h x = 6.2 i v = 11 j d = 13 k f = 6.5 l r = 0.5
4 a 4x 80 = 150 b x = 17.5
5 a 8y + 30cm b 8y + 30 = 200 c y = 21.25 d 36.25cm
6 at=8 b k = 12 c t = 10 d r = 21 e x = 48
f x = 65 g w = 108 h w = 72
7 a i 2x + 13 = 20 ii x = 3.5 b i 5x + 9 = 41 ii x = 6.4
c i 6x + 3 = 48 ii x = 7.5 d i 4x + 9 = 73 ii x = 16
8 x = 11.75
9 a d = 15 bf=5 cy=2 d a = 8.5
ek=3 fx=4 gc=4 h r = 6.5
10 a x = 5 bk=4 cy=6 dw=7
ex=6 fx=7 gx=3 hx=6
Challenge: More complex equations
a x = 10 b y = 11 c w = 2.5 d z = 6.5

Exercise 14D
1 a 12.75n + 365 b 12.75n + 365 = 913.25 43 people
2 a 50 – 4s b6 c 11 d 9.25
3 a 2m – 9 b Mike has 21, Jon has 12
c 2m – 9 = 50 → m = 29.5, which is not a whole number
4 a 2t + 26 = 104 b t = 39 c 65 years old
5 2.5(m + 15) = 120 m = 33
6 a 6a + 14 = 36.5 a = 3.75 b 6a – 5.2 = 14 a = 3.2
7 a I = 0.2 b 1.5 = I=7
8 a 2(r – 0.4) – 2.8 b r = 1.8 c 6.0 cm
9 ap= b 13.24 = c c = 69.44

10 a –7 b – 7 = 19 m = 78 c 26 emails
11 a 2y + 13 = 967 b 477 girls, 490 boys
12 a 51.84 – 4.8a b 51.84 – 4.8a = 35.04, a = 3.5, width is 3.5 m
c 51.84 – 4.8a = 28.8, a = 4.8, width is 4.8 m
Challenge: Areas
a Divide into two rectangles with a horizontal line. Areas are 5 × 10 and x × 2.5
b x = 5.6
c values of x are 4, 6.4, 8.8, 18.8, 24.6, –2.4
d

Chapter 14: Answers to Review questions

1 a y = 12.7 b e = 15 c f = 38 d z = 8.5 e m = 44 f r = 13.5
g t = –3 h w = 16 ix=3
2 a i 8x = 14 ii x = 1.75 b i 8x = 7.2 ii x = 0.9
3 a 12x = 180 b x = 15 The angles are 45°, 60° and 75°.
4 aa=8 b b = 27 c c = 40 d d = 11 ee=7 f f = 24
5 a If p = 4 then 3p + 1 = 3 × 4 + 1 = 13 which is correct for pattern 4
b 3p + 1 = 259 c p = 86
6 a 12.7 = b y = 20.5 c 2.1 = y = –4.5
7 a c = 12.9 + 1.85f b 36.95 = 12.9 + 1.85f f = 13
8 a 2.4(n + 11.6) = 62.64 b n = 14.5
9 a p = 2y + 14 b 2y + 14 = 23.6 y = 4.8 c 11.25 + 2.5x = 28 → x = 6.7

Chapter 14: Answers to Challenge – Number puzzles

1 A=2 B = 16, C = 11, D=9
2 A = 12 B = 7, C = 10, D=6
3 A = 11 B = 10 C = 16 D = 14
4 A = 9.5 B = 2.5 C = 3.5 D = 6.5
5 A = 12 B=8 C=9 D=6 E=7
6 aA=3 bB=5 C=2 D=8
7 A=7 B=8 C = 11 D = 14
8 A=9 B = 10 C = 13 D=3
9 Pupils’ own puzzles
Exercise 15A
1 angles are
a 120°, 70°, 80°, 40°, 50° b 99°, 72°, 54°, 81°, 18°, 36°
c 45°, 60°, 105°, 75°, 60°, 15° d 102°, 48°, 126°, 18°, 66°
2 a 72 b 54 c 45 d 45
3 a 50 b 80° c 60° d 27.8% e Saturday, shop probably shut the next day.

Exercise 15B
1 a yes b yes c yes d no, mode is also the highest value
e no, median is also the lowest value
f no, the 30 is an outlier and not representative of the others.
2 a mean b mode c mode d mean e mean f median
3 mode ... Dan, median ... Martin, mean ... James
4 Bus B, no wait longer than 8 minutes and more consistent with an average
5 minute wait.
Or Bus A as although you may have an odd wait of ten minutes, most times it is earlier
than the other with an average wait time of 4.5 minutes.
5 Clare, more consistent
6 a Grace scores well and is consistent, Harry is very inconsistent
b Grace scored 13, 18 and 20 and Harry scored 9, 14 and 19
Challenge: Average parcels
A not possible as could be any one of the other masses
B not possible but will be 500 g or more to make the 5th highest mass 500 g
C The current total mass will be 7 × 400 = 2800 g, the new total will be 8 × 415 = 3320 -g,
the difference in totals is 520 g, the mass of the new parcel.

Chapter 15: Answers to Review questions

1 a Rory 4, Justin 5 b Rory 5, Justin 3 c Rory 3.9, Justin 4.6
d Justin, lower range e Justin, better mean, mode and range.
2 tea = 108°, coffee = 68°, cola = 126°, water = 60°
4 a 5.6% b 32 c
5 a 55%
b boys with glasses 60°, girls with glasses 54°, girls with no glasses 108°, boys with no
glasses 138°
6 a £135
b decreased as food will increase more in proportion to the decrease in spending on
clothes

Chapter 15: Answers to Challenge – Ice-skate dancing competition

Pupils’ own answers.

Exercise 16A
1 a 6, 8, 12 b 5, 6, 9 c 4, 4, 6 d 8, 12, 18
2
3D shape Number of faces Number of edges Number of vertices
Cube 6 12 8
Cuboid 6 12 8
Square-based pyramid 5 8 5
Tetrahedron 4 6 4

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Triangular prism 5 9 6
Pentagonal prism 7 15 10
Hexagonal prism 8 18 12
3 Faces are always 2D and these shapes have some curved surfaces
4 a sometimes true b always true c never true
d always true e never true f always true
5 9, 17, 10
6 a check net for a 2 cm by 3 cm by 7 cm cuboid
b check net for a 1 cm by 2 cm by 6 cm cuboid
c check net for a 2 cm by 4 cm by 6 cm cuboid
7

8 20

Activity: Cubes to cuboids

9 (1 × 1 × 48, 1 × 2 × 24, 1 × 3 × 16, 1 × 4 × 12, 1 × 6 × 8, 2 × 3 × 8, 2 × 4 × 6, 2 × 2 ×
12, 3 × 4 × 4)

Exercise 16B
6

7 a cylinder b cone

Exercise 16C
1 a
Number of faces Number of edges Number of vertices
Cube 6 12 8
Cuboid 6 12 8
Tetrahedron 4 6 4
Square-based pyramid 5 8 5
Triangular prism 5 9 6
Hexagonal prism 8 18 12
Octahedron 8 12 6
b F+V–E=2

2 a b 11 (2, 9, 11, 13, 15, 22, 24, 31, 32, 33,

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 35)
3 Check isometric drawings for five cubes
Problem solving: Isometric drawing
A

Chapter 16: Answers to Review questions

1 a7 b 12 c7
2 a7 b for example

3 a b c
4 a 4 cubes × 2 cubes × 6 cubes b 6000 cm³
5 a 96 cm b 39.6%
6 a

b 180 cm² c volume of cuboid = 240 cm³, volume of prism is half of this

Chapter 16: Answers to Problem solving – Packing boxes

Task 1
a 90 b 360 c 144 d 17 280 games
Task 2
a For example, WH  F  G  E  D  C  B  A  WH
b WH  A  C  G  F  WH
c WH  A  B  C  D  E  G  F  WH

Exercise 17A
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1 a1:4 b4:1
2 a2:1 b3:2 c5:3
3 a2:3 b3:4 c1:2
4 3:1 58:1 6 1 : 100 74:5 81:3
9 ai7:1 ii 7 : 2 iii 1 : 2 : 4 b 25% c1:7
10 a i 2 : 1 ii 4 : 5 iii 5 : 2 b 3 : 16
11 84 ÷ 3.4 = 24.7 or approximately 25
12 21 : 1
13 a 1 : 4 b 1 : 17 c 1 : 54
14 a 6 : 1 b 39 : 1 c 70 : 1
15 It should be 1 : 9
Investigation: Bagging coins
A a1:2 b No, the ratio of the values is 2 : 1
B Pupil’s own values

Exercise 17B
1 a1:8 b3:4 c5:1
d4:3 e2:3
2 a2:7 b7:2 c d 3.5
3 a2:7 b
4 a2:3 b9:4 c4:5
5 a 3.4 : 1 b 14.3 : 1 c 4.6 : 1
d 30.2 : 1 e 1.4 : 1
6 a i 2 : 5 ii 5 : 3 iii 3 : 2 b 14 : 1
7 a 6 : 1 b examples are viscose to angora is 6 : 1 or viscose to polyamide is 1.33 : 1
8 a copper and titanium b silver and aluminium because 10.5 ÷ 2.7 = 3.9
c 7.15 : 1
9 a Spain 3.8 : 1, Australia 1.9 : 1, Germany 1.5 : 1, NZ 5 : 1, Italy 2.3 : 1
b 104
10 a They are all 1.414 : 1 b 1 : 2
c1:4 d 840 mm × 594 mm
11 a i 15 : 2 ii 2 : 1 b 1.58 : 1
c 17 : 8 or 2.125 : 1
Activity: Aspect ratios
A , , B 1. 8 : 1, 1.3 : 1, 2.4 : 1
C 1.8 : 1 D Pupil’s own values

Exercise 17C
1 30
2 £23.70 and £15.80
3 a 60% b 36 cows and 6 goats
4 1080
5 Harriet 64, Richard 80, Steve 96
6 60
7 are children and of 400 is 250.
8 405
9 65
10 a 1046 b 45
11 a 35 b 25%
12 266 m
Challenge: Mixing gold
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A a3:1 b7:1 c3:5
B a 13.33 g b 6.67 g c 5.71 g
C a 91.7% b 11 : 1
D 1:2
E The current price can be found on the internet.

Exercise 17D
1 250 girls, 200 boys
2 1.3 : 1
3 4:1:1
4 £6.00
5 a 1 : 4.8 b 1 : 4.6
6 25 and 41
7 a England to Wales 6.33:1, Scotland to Wales 3.81:1, NI to Wales 1:1.5 or 0.67:1
b divide the area of the country by the area of Wales
8 a i 1.24 : 1 ii 1.19 : 1 b i 1.57 : 1 ii 5.37 : 1 c Con have less than twice the
votes of Lib Dem but more than 5 times the number of MPs.
9 42
10 A is 108°, B is 100°, C is 80°, D is 72°
Investigation: Patterns of squares
A 2:1 B1:2 C3:2
D The pattern continues in this way. For 2N coloured rings the ratio is N + 1 : N, and for 2N
+ 1 coloured rings the ratio is N : N + 1

Chapter 17: Answers to Review questions

1 a 12.5 g b 3 kg
2 ai2:1 ii 2 : 3 b i 9 : 5 ii 2 : 3
3 a Jaguar 10.6 : 1 Porsche 16.5 : 1 Bugati 21.8 : 1
b Porsche to Bugati is 1 : 1.32
c 1.56 and 2.06
d Bluebird to Bugati is 1.6 : 1
4 a Brighton 1.27 : 1 Middlesbrough 2.11 : 1 Crewe 1.74 : 1
b Brighton to Middlesbrough to Crewe is 4.58 : 4.31 : 1
c 12 296 and 4381
5 a 5 : 2 or 2.5 : 1 b 2.5 times c 21 d 4.36 : 1 and 0.875 : 1
6 a Saturn and Neptune
b Venus and Earth, or Earth and Mars, or Uranus and Neptune
c 1 : 78 d. 0.72 : 1 : 1.52

Chapter 17: Answers to Problem solving – Smoothie bar

1 a2:3 b3:4 c size 2: 5, cost 5 : 8
d Yes. If the ratios were the same then the large would cost either £4.50 or £6.25 instead
of just £4.00
2 a4:2:3 b4:2:3 c d e5:4
3 For example Breakfast Boost : Fruity Surprise = 2 : 1
Chocolate : Tropical Fruit = 3 : 4
Breakfast Boost : Chocolate = 3 : 2
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4 a 20 Fruity Surprise, 33 Breakfast Boost, 25 Chocolate Smoothies, 50 Tropical Fruit
b i 66 ii 166
5 a i £6 ii £5.50 iii £4.25
b £23.25
c i Using the offer 2 small smoothies cost £3.75, so she could buy 10 for £18.75.
ii 4 medium smoothies or 3 large smoothies would cost £18 leaving her with £2 change.

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