—________ Science Technology and Society ~~ Lesson 7 : Nanotechnology In This Lesson + Learn the benefits of nanotechnology and hoxv it works a the molecular levet + Realize the significant impacts of nanotechnology in oman lives + Mentify ten daily products aided with nanotechnology and Learn how product's features were transformed fantastically. HE is IRON MAN. The very famous character from Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Tony Stark. The figure shows that Iron Man is wearing a Mark L (Mark 50) his fiftieth suit made out of nanotechnology. This armor is more advanced than any other preceding armor, as it possesses many capabilities and useful functions for Stark to tse at his disposal. It is the first armor to utilize nanotechnology, and thanks to this, it is the first armor to possess melee weapons, back-up tools, and flight enhancements (Fandom). The new suit has much less far to travel—it's already on his person, only entirely invisible to the naked eye. With a tap on the are reactor in his chest and a swift pull on his hoodie, Tony's nanotech suit pours itself across him in seconds, What's more, ithas a ton of new, dazzling, destructive features that make it the most powerful Iron Man suit ever (Abrams , 2018).” Nanotech as its-actually emerging is prosaic, practical, and profound. With serious adaption of nanotechnology, we will begin-moving from a “heat, beat and treat” industrial era—jokingly summarized in the motto “If brute force doesn’t work, you're not using enough of it”—-to an age where nano-engineers talk about “nud molecules into place,” and “enticing” carbon atoms to “bond cleanly”. The mindsets are as similar as those of a pile driver and a watchmaker. Ultrafine manufacturing means that we're getting closer and closer to building, machines designed to near-zero tolerances (making practically frictionless engine designs possible), producing raw materials with neat-complete purity, even creating— - 1 0 and more flexible er, lighter waste, Rew materials that her into stronger Tee mmost benign waste, y pos fe witoxic, aN manufacturing could be made almost completely 0 Hel, ‘available. extracted from stockpiles that are inexpensive and wi ee ° : nufacturing don't just apply t ‘dered in bits, including living Advances in nanotechnology and other mietoman r eee ina I Mo cet ge al finer aces apples inat the abil to digitized plastic prototypes. Some researchers, for instanee, REET no cea of strands of DNA to “compute,” to link up in specific combinations under specie Grcumstances, may one day give us the ability to build living comPUIET? ‘use biology instead of electricity to drive computation (Alex Steffen, Nanotechnology is a common word these days, but many of us dost realize the gmmazing impact it has on our daly lives. According to the United States National Nanotechnology Initiative, nanotechnology is “science, engineering, an‘ aor iet conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.” One nanometer is a billionth of a meter, or 10-9 of a meter. For comparison, a sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. Scientists are discovering that atoms and molecules behave differently at the nanoscale. It is also a rapidly expanding field. Scientists and engineers are having great success making materials at the nanoscale to take advantage of enhanced properties such as higher strength, lighter weight, increased electrical conductivity, and chemical Feactivity compared to their larger-scale equivalents. : Impacts of Nanotechnology 1. Faster, smaller, and more powerful computers that cons longer-lasting batteries. Circuits made from carbon na maintaining the growth of computer power, allowing, notubes could be vital in Moore's Law to continue. 2. Faster, more functional, and more accurate on-a-chip technology enables point-of-care testi delivery of medical care, Nanomaterial surfaces on imp resist infection. Improved vehicle fuel efficiency and corrosi from nanocomposite mate: resistant than metal. Nanofilters remove nearly all airborne particles from the air before it reaches the combustion chamber, further improving gas mileage, Chevrolet, Corvette ane mae of nanocompostic carbon, Improved vehicle fuel efficieney corrosion resistance by bullding parts from nanocomposite materials. thet ae lighter, stro emically resistant than 1 ers remove before it reaches the combustion ch eaey al iy . net further immer Particles from thea INS BAS mileage,Ee 5. Nanoparticles ornanofibersin fabrics can enhance stain resistance, water resistance, ae aame resistance, withouta significant increase in weight, thickness, or stiffness of the fabric. For example, “nano-whiskers” on pants make them resistant to water and stains. i 6 Water filters that are only 15-20 nanometers wide can remove nano-sized particles, including virtually all viruses and bacteria. These cost-efficient, portable water treatment systems are ideal for improving the quality of drinking water in emerging countries, 2. Carbon nanotubes have a variety of commercial uses, including making sports equipment stronger and lighter weight. For example, a tennis racket made with carbon nanotubes bends less during impact, and increases the force and accuracy of the delivery. Nanoparticle-treated tennis balls can keep bouncing twice as long, as standard tennis balls. 8. Most sunscreens today are made from nanoparticles that effectively absorb light, inchiding the more dangerous ultraviolet range. They also spread more easily over the skin. These same nanoparticles are also used in food packaging to reduce UV exposure and prolong shelf life. 9. Many drink bottles are made from plastics containing nanoclays, which increase resistance to permeation by oxygen, carbon dioxide, and moisture. This helps retain carbonation and pressure and increases shelf life by several months. 10. Thanks to nanotechnology, a huge variety of chemical sensors can be programmed to detect a particular chemical at amazingly low levels, for example, a single molecule out of billions. This capability is ideal for surveillance and security systems at labs, industrial sites, and airports, On the medical front, nanosensors can also be used to accurately identify particular cells or substances in the body. On the Horizon . “These are just a few of the thousands of ways that nanotechnology impacts society. Important nanotechnology achievements seem to be announced almost daily. For example, researchers atGeorge Washington University have discovered a way to draw carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into high-yield carbon nanofibers that ean be used in manufacturing, “Such nanofibers are used to make strong carbon composite, such as those used in the Boeing Dreamliner, as well as in high-end sports equipment, wind turbine blades, and a host of other products,” says chemistry professor Stuart Licht, who led the research team. ‘The process is powered by a hybrid system consisting of solar cells and a thermal ene Pro cese Er dcawe very litle ensrgy Licht eatteatea tat ifthe vrccens ae sealed up to eos would reduce carbon dloxide in the atmosphere to preciadveteit levels. When asked about nanotechnology’s greatest potential for improving the state of the world, Markus Antoniett, director of Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces at Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, responded it was the purification of air and water.Pre ———————— he says. “But there also way. People don’t read science journals, so they don’t js that all of this could “t Pen in an understandable raven know that all of this is Ten daily products with nanotechnology 1. Television screen ‘ou do not have one yet, you definitely catching display screen on your way to the peal electronics warehouse. Every time I see Sen Geartiel or Ot ig Oa || Relatively new in the market Quantum dots televisions have also made their way to the market. One of the biggest market player Samsung has brought its quantam dots based television into the market under its SUHD flagship. Samsung ie = y names this technology as nano crystals. an ig Anterchangeebly 2. Mobile telephones Till date numerous promises have been made regarding the application of nanotechnology in our daily drivers: Some of them are regarding the use of carbon nanotubes in flexible batteries for the anticipated flexible mobile devices However, some daily drivers in present > day actady has nanotechnology applied in it These can be found in two aspects of the drivers. One is th popular phones like the Samsung galaxy s? and the Pelnese mobile phones have graphene, which is ess formations of carbon atoms, to hold the entire ser ‘the flexibility alongside with the strength, Tas dls Bent displays found in venting 2%. The display screens cons AY @ 2D layer of hexagonal fructure together, and also provide “the device LG G flex also has a self-healing back co coatings have long been a topic of discussion in the Feld of esate healing paints and coatings rey\io what precise technology is being used ino ehOtechnologys So far it S fF) Rotreveate swe Erds he application of maketh Seating bua ee“Science Technology and Society 3, Laptops Similar to mobile phone displays flexible or foldable displays have been talked about for some rears in laptops as well. Materials such as Graphene, Carbon nanotubes and nanowires are expected to play an important role in the future in this. tt is however to be seen if these make it to the consumer market, Where we can already see the application ‘of nanotechnology are the batteries of our laptops. Many battery manufactures for laptops use nanoparticle enhanced electrodes in their lithium ion batteries in order to improve battery performance and safety. Also chips in our laptops like the CPU and the GPU are since years being fabricated on nanoscale. Nanotechnology has helped making them smaller allowing us to have Smaller and thinner laptops. Our machines are made lighter without compensating its y. 4. Frying pans While we talk about nanotechnology being the technology of the future, it has succeeded to enter, our kitchens. The new marketing term in the non- stick frying pan market is the ceramic coated pans. Some of us might have already bought one due to, its more natural appeal compared to the Teflon. Many manufacturers can be found on the internet claiming nanotechnology of'being an integral part of their manufacturing process. An example of this are the German manufacturers Nano Maxx with their frying griddle pan. 5. Cleaning products The cleaning productindustry is also one market where the use of nanotechnology ean bbe found for some years already. It could be said that nanotechnology has made cleaning around the globe, ntegrated cleaning sprays to impregnated fiber wiping cloth, nanotechnology has claimed its place in this industry. In addition also anti dirt and dust sprays can be found under this category: 6. Cosmetics ‘The industry of cosmetics is one where nanotechnology is very actively in use, Brom anti-aying products to skin therapies, nanotechnology has been able to make a place for itstll. From makeup products of reputed company like Cheistian Dior, acne {reatme as nanotechnology is widely applied in this industry. Liposomes and nio ic industry as delivery vehicle: Nower structures such as solid lipid nano, nanostructured lipidl carriers ‘heen found to be better performers than lipasomes.ciety Science Technology and 5” is one where ancl aviclely Nivea applied The market of sunseroen totl nanotechnology has been very openly a apriied. ven In smeltive category lke siunserven lotions for ehileien that are direct, gon the skin of children nanoparticles such as Tia dioxide and Zine oside ant ole onedl: This pictntrtenabe alah nology in today’s society: In this product nanoparticles help making the otherwise thick lotion easier to apply of the body creating a transparent layer of sun protection. instead of a think white layer, 3 acarbon nano coatin; Also another company Wilkinson Sword have stated (0) nee isades Shar gee Tor id in their razors, the company claims that this coating Keeps longer period of time. . 9] 2. Shoe sprays - a protective spray for our leather or suede ems Phot a new practice. We have been buying them along with a new shoe for some years | now these were basically to improve the durability Of the shoe itself, But recently these shops are also selling spray coatings for the shoes that make them water repellent creating the “lotus effect” and to some extent providing protection against dirt. Some of these sprays create a thin layer of SiO2upon application that adds this propesty to ‘our shoes, whereas some use titanium dioxide for this purpose. 8. Scratch resistant sunglasses Sunglasses using protective and anti-reflective ultra thin polymer coatings can be found on the market. In this segment nanotechnology offers scratch, resistant coatings based on nano-composites and anti- fog coatings for enhanced visibility. These coatings are transparent and ultra-thin as a result the optical performance of the product itself is not affected 9. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles ee prosinks are one of the daily household they nes ace pst otis Se sta strength ce “Xposed surface area which | tesa ott Ie used he Plastic to be retained when.rt shnology a 10. Clothing Amajor reason of using nanotechnol in clothing has ben its ability to, create dirt repellent fabrics. Big companies. in the market of outdoor clothing have been stating the use of NANO-PEL finish order to make the clothes water and ditt repellent and on the other hand improve the clothing’s durability. Some sportswear and undergarment products also claims to make use of nano silver due to its antibacterial : Properties that can decrease odor. Also wrinkle-resistant and stain-repellent fabrics aero in the market. This is made possible by attaching molecular structures to colton fibres. Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and a dower temperatures. A wide range of synthetically fabricated fibers can be found that make use of nanotechnology in their manufacturing process. Also by applying nanotechnology in the manufacturing process, manufacturers are now able t© supplement a magnitude of environment harming, chemicals formerly used '0 finishing the cloth. Nanotechnology fibers are also allowing the creation of clothing that can measure the vitel signals ofa hurman body. Mainly athletes are already making use of # technology (Von Binod Shrestha, 2016).