UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR

IOT
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING

Habtamu E.
2020
 Chapter Two
Design and Construction
Procedures for Public
Projects
 Contents
1 Design & Construction Procedures for Public Works

2 Preparation of terms of Reference (TOR)

❖The main process of procurement and
Contract Management
❖
 Pre Project Phase

Before the selection of the designer and the

accomplishment of any planning activities, the project
owner faces two important decisions regarding:
▪ The relationships among the various parties and

▪ The basis upon which the contractor will be paid.

 Project delivery system
Procurement and Contract Delivery system is the way Project Owners
together with Project Regulators and Financiers determine the
assignment of responsibilities to Project Stakeholders along the
Construction Process.
Project Delivery method is an organizational concept which:
• Assigns specific responsibilities and authorities to people and
organizations
• Defines relationship of the various elements in construction of a
project.
• The owner needs to decide which designers to hire, when to hire them, and under
what type of contract ?
• The owner also needs to decide when to hire the construction professional and under
what type of contract ?
Cont…
Cont…
Methods of project delivery system
Force Account,
Design Bid Build (DBB),
Design Build (DB) or Turnkey,
Finance / Build Operate System (BOT),
Construction/Facility Management
Consultancy
Alliances and Outsourcing.
 Design-Bid-Build

DBB Delivery System

Two Separate Contracts

Architects and
General
Engineers
Contractor(responsible for
(Responsible for
Cost and Schedule)
Design)

9
 …Cont.
Major Advantages:
➢ Contractors bid competitively ,based on complete design documents
to maximize the built product for the price
Design and construction roles are clearly defined, and responsibilities
and liabilities clear.
➢ Total cost is known before construction starts.

Major Disadvantages:
➢ Construction phases are sequential and may require more time
➢ Due to the fragmented nature of this approach, there is weak overall
management and coordination.
➢ The inability of design and contract administration consultants to cope
up with new construction technologies and constructability issues of
their designs.
➢ Often prone to adversarial positions that lead to disputes and claims
10
 Design build
➢ The client enters a contractual arrangement with a
single entity/Contractor/ for both the design and
construction of the project by employing only one
procurement process.

➢ The responsibility of quality assurance lies entirely on the

design-build firm, the client may appoint a separate
consultant to monitor and control quality of the works.

➢ The owner's role in this approach is minimal and is only to

express his or her objectives and specifications before
detailed design is started.
11
 …Cont
Major Advantages:
➢ Minimizing Project owners’ risk transferable due to
Designers’ faults; accountability and entire responsibility
for both design and construction is onto a single
contractor
➢ Single point responsibility minimizes the opportunity to
claims
➢ Earlier schedule and cost certainty
➢ Is better suited for concurrent engineering and value
engineering concepts.
➢ Easier implementation of changes
➢ Coordination between design and construction
12
 …Cont.
Major Disadvantages:
➢The checks and balances between the designer
(supervisor), contractor and client available in the DBB
approach is not exist.

➢The burden of selecting appropriately qualified design-

build firm is more difficult.

➢Traditional funding may not support fast-tracking

construction or may require accelerated cash flow.

➢A/E doesn’t work directly for Owner

13
 …Cont.

❖The Four Phases

14
 Build Operate Transfer
Build - Operate – Transfer(BOT) is a form of procurement
and contract delivery system that promotes Public Private
Partnership (PPP) in which a private company is contracted
to finance, design, construct, and operate for a certain
period (usually 10 years) and transfer.
the project owner is not responsible for any liability other
than force majeure and agreed upon claim adjustments.
The Operation period between completion and transfer
gives the contractor an opportunity to verify the quality of
the output of the services and works
BOT project involves a potentially complex contractual
structure
15
 …Cont.
Major Advantages:
➢ The private sector invests directly in the development of
infrastructure, thereby reducing public debt, balancing the
budget deficit, and reduced role of public sector.

❖ The private firms are more efficient, hence project or service can
be delivered at lower cost.

❖ BOT projects create business opportunities for the local private

sector, create employment opportunities.

❖ BOT projects help in facilitating transfer of technology by

introducing international contractors
16 in the host countries.
 …Cont.
Major Disadvantages:
➢Cost more in the long run
➢Longer tendering process
➢Costly tendering
➢Future political change may disrupt prior
agreement
➢No capable local contractors
➢Contractors not interested in all works

17
 Construction Management Consultancy
➢ Response to problems associated with DB and BOT

➢ Construction management consultancy firm is used to

coordinate all activities from concept inception through
acceptance of the facility.

➢ CM is involved in the whole construction processes where as all

the others involve only during the implementation phase after
major decisions was made during the Basic planning phase

18
 …Cont.
Construction Management Consultants then
represents Project Owners to carry out the
following services:
 Feasibility studies of Construction related
services
 Plan and Monitor the Triple Constraints of
Project Performances
 Lead and Organize regulatory systems of the
Construction Industry
 Valuation, Quantity Surveying and
Procurement and Contract Management
Services
19
Construction Management

➢ Construction management is a broad term covering a variety

of project delivery scenarios in which a construction manager
becomes an integral part of the team, at early stages in the
project, to oversee such elements as schedule, cost, and
construction methodologies and procurement strategies

➢ The general Construction Management variations are

Construction Management-at-Fee (CM at-Fee) and
Construction Management-at-Risk (CM-at-Risk),

20
 ❑ Public Procurement
❑ Public Design
❑ Public Construction
✓ One way of categorizing CI is as private and public work.
✓ Several procurement procedures and regulations encumbers
public works but these have no application in private works.
✓ Public work is simply defined as public’s money. These
include government at all levels: federal, regional states and
local.
✓ One of these law is projects must be awarded to least
responsive or least evaluated bidder.
✓ Public work receives most of the publicity.
 Public Procurements
❖ Public procurement agency (PPA) has the power to oversee and control
public procurements.
❖ PPA was established by proclamation No. 430/2005.
❖ Currently, the public procurements fall under three categories.

Public
Procurements

Const. Consulting
Goods
Works Service

NCB ICB NCB ICB NCB ICB

Public Construction
Public Design/Consultancy
 Cont.…
❖ When & How: PPA was established by proclamation No.
430/2005(Determining Procedures of Public Procurement and
establishing its Supervisory Agency) on the 12th of January,
2005
❖ Why: To build a transparent and ethical civil service
❖ Strategy:
✓ promotion of proper implementation of the Public
Procurement,
✓ development of manpower capacity to carry out public
procurement functions,
✓ strengthening of uniform application of the procedures laid
down in the Public Procurement Directive and Standard
Bidding Documents in all public bodies of federal and regional
levels
 Cont.…
❖ Source of fund: World Bank
❖ Experts Involved in drafting:
✓ International Experts
✓ Local Experts
✓ Government counter parts
❖ Output:
✓ PPA Condition of Contract both in Amharic and English
✓ Condition of contract for Goods, Service and Works
✓ Standard Forms(Contract Security, Performance Bond,
Agreement & Advance Payment Guarantee)
✓ Guidelines
 Cont.…
❖ Uniform public procurement procedure: strict regulatory
framework and transparency of state bodies entrusted to
manage public funds.
NB:
✓ Government spends nearly 60% of its budget on
the construction industry.
✓ Government takes lion share in the construction
industry of Ethiopia i.e. about 80% of Ethiopian
construction industry sector.
❖ So PPA is deemed to minimize corruption of public fund.
❖ Supported by Directive: Guided by procurement directive
which is issued by MoFaD

✓ These legal frameworks are intended to streamline

public procurements and impose uniform procedures as
well as agreements for the effective, fair, accountable and
transparent use of government fund.
 Design of Public
Works
❖ Construction projects typically require the services of
registered architects, professional engineers, and other
professional consultants to plan the work that will ultimately
be carried out by construction contractors.
❖ The term “designer” is used to refer to the individuals or firms
hired to do the architectural and engineering planning and
design work for a project.
• In construction projects common services are:
– Master plan preparation and concept studies
– Engineering Design and Feasibility/EIA studies
– Tender document preparations and
– Supervision of construction and contract administration
31
 Cont.…
❖ In the life cycle of a public facility, you may contract with
designers for different services at different times.
❖ For example, you might contract with a designer to
✓ prepare a feasibility study;
✓ develop the final design documents to be bid (by the study
designer or another designer);
✓ provide construction administration services during construction
(by the final designer or another designer);
✓ provide construction management services; and
✓ identify the need for, and prepare bid documents for,
renovations, repairs, or replacement(by various architects and
engineers in subsequent years after the facility is opened ).
 Cont.…

❖ Public Design works may be done in of the following ways:

✓ by the public firm itself(in house)
✓ by another public firm
✓ by private firms
❖ When a design of public work is to be conducted by private
and/or other public firms, a firm is usually selected by
competitive bidding(national or international i.e. NCB or ICB).

❖ Direct or negotiated procurement of design works may be

used in case of emergency, repetitive works, unavailability of
competitors, sole service provider, continuation of service
and other similar cases.
 Methods of
Procurement
❖ If the threshold value is less than 2.5Million ETB, the
procurement shall be NCB.
❖ Generally, design/consultancy service is based on Request for
Proposal (RFP) method issued by PPA (Jan. 2006).
❖ RFP is standardized document containing contractual provisions
(also called standard bidding document(SBD) but RFP is
customary).
❖ The Benefits of standardized RFP includes:
✓ Simplify drafting
✓ Reduce time required by both bidders and evaluators
✓ Facilitate and simplify evaluation
 Cont.…
❖ It can be used either with or without a call for expressions of
interest.
❖ But when the threshold of consultancy service is greater than
300,000ETB, invitation for expression of interest(EOI) is
mandatory.
❖ For lower value consultancy services, the simplified Request
for Quotations (RFQ) document should normally be used for up
to 60,000 Birr.
❖ Suitability of RFP: This RFP is suitable for both lump sum and
time-based contracts.
✓Lump-sum contracts are normally used when definition of the
tasks to be performed is clear and unambiguous.
✓The lump sum price is arrived at on the basis of inputs-
including fee rates- provided by the Bidder.
 Cont.…
❖ A major advantage of the lump-sum contract is the simplicity of
its administration, as the Procuring Entity only has to be satisfied
with the outputs without monitoring the staff inputs.
❖ Studies are usually carried out on a lump-sum basis: for example,
surveys, master plans, economic, simple feasibility and
engineering studies.
❖ Time-based contracts are recommended when the scope of the
services cannot be established with sufficient precision, or the
duration and quantity of services depends on variables that are
beyond the control of the Supplier.
❖ For example, a time based contract may be appropriate for the
supervision of construction works, where a monthly rate can be
fixed, but the number of man months required is uncertain, as it
depends on the progress of the construction.
 Cont.…
❖ In time-based contracts, the Consultant provides services on a
timed basis according to quality specifications, and the
Consultant’s payment is based on:
✓ (i) agreed fee rates for Supplier staff multiplied by the
actual time spent by the staff in executing the assignment,
and
✓(ii) reimbursable expenses using actual expenses and/or
agreed unit prices.
❖ This type of contract requires the Procuring Entity to closely
supervise the consultant and to be involved in the daily
execution of the assignment.
❖ Structure of RFP: The RFP is divided into nine separate
Sections and a Preface.
 Cont.…
These standard documents are:
❖ Preface
❖ Part 1 Bidding Procedures
✓ Section 1. Instructions to Bidders (ITB)
✓ Section 2. Bid Data Sheet (BDS)
✓ Section 3. Evaluation Criteria
✓ Section 4. Bidding Forms
✓ Section 5. Eligible Countries
❖ Part 2 Schedules of Requirements
✓ Section 6. Terms of Reference(TOR)
❖ Part 3 Contracts
✓ Section 7. General Conditions of Contract (GCC)
✓ Section 8. Special Conditions of Contract (SCC)
✓ Section 9. Contract Forms
 Bidding Procedure
for Design
❖ The relevant parts of the bidding process for procurement
of consulting service are summarized here as follows:
1. Selection of Bidders;
2. Preparation and Issue of RFP Documents;
3. Bidding Period and Receipt of Proposals;
4. Proposal Opening;
5. Proposal Evaluation; and
6. Proposal Acceptance, Contract Award and
Placement.
 1. Selection of Bidder
❖ Under the Request for Proposals(RFP) method, the Procuring
Entity will normally publish a notice seeking expressions of
interest(EOI).
❖ The notice must be published
✓ newspaper of wide national circulation or in a relevant
trade publication or technical or professional journal of
wide circulation for NCB.
✓ in a newspaper of wide international circulation or in a
relevant trade publication or technical or professional
journal of wide international circulation for ICB.
❖ The Procuring Entity will then evaluate the expressions of interest
received and develop a shortlist of between three and seven
bidders.
 Cont.…

❖ Where the estimated value of the services is below the

threshold
✓ The procuring entity should not publish expression
of interest
✓ The consultants can be selected from approved
lists
❖ The RFP document should be accompanied by a letter of
invitation
 Cont...
[Link] & Issue of Bidding Documents
❖ The Procuring Entity must prepare standard RFP or other
appropriate standard document issued by PPA.
❖ Procuring entity should allow Bidders sufficient time for obtaining
and studying the RFP, preparing complete and responsive
proposals and submitting the proposals.
❖ Minimum bid floating days are:
 Cont.…
[Link] Period and Receipt of Proposals
❖ During the bidding period, the Procuring Entity shall:
✓ Hold any pre bid meeting, if one is required, and issue minutes
promptly;
✓ Promptly respond to requests for clarifications from Bidders;
✓ Issue amendments to the RFP if necessary;
✓ Receive and record sealed proposals from Bidders or make a
Bid Box available up to the deadline for proposal submission;
✓ Close bidding at the precise date and time of the deadline and
ensure that no late proposals are received;
✓ Keep all proposals received secure until the time for proposal
opening.
 Cont.…

[Link] Opening:
❖ The Tender Committee is responsible for the Proposal Opening,
which is a critical event in the procurement process.
❖ The Tender Committee shall:
✓ Conduct the Proposal Opening ;
✓ Ensure that all proposals that were received on time;
✓ Ensure that only technical proposals are opened and that
financial proposals are kept sealed;
✓ Agree before the Proposal Opening on the details to be
read out(name of bidder, bid security, etc.);
✓ Examine the proposals .
 Cont.…
[Link] Evaluation :
❖ For Consultancy services, proposal evaluation will be conducted
in two stages.
✓ Tender Committee approval of the technical evaluation
report must be obtained before opening financial
proposals and
✓ conducting the financial evaluation.
❖ Upon completion of both stages of the Evaluation, the Tender
Committee shall be requested to make a Contract Award
recommendation to the head of the Procuring Entity.
❖ Negotiations are often held with the recommended Bidder, to
finalize all technical details, prior to placing the contract.
 Cont.…
[Link] Acceptance, Contract Award and
Placement :
❖ The following procedure is required:
✓ head of the Procuring Entity makes a contract award
decision.
✓ The Procuring Entity notifies all Bidders of the results of the
evaluation.
✓ After a period of five working days, if no complaint has been
received by the Procuring Entity, the PE awards the contract
by either issuing a Letter of Acceptance to the successful
bidder or signing a contract
✓ Where a Letter of Acceptance is issued, the contract will be
confirmed by issue of a full conformed Contract Document.
❖
 Cont.…
❖ A Public Body may require a consultant to furnish professional
indemnity insurance in respect of consultancy service such
consultant renders to that Public Body under a contract, where
the Public Body finds it appropriate to make provision for any
damage it may sustain as a result of possible default on the
part of the consultant.
✓ Liability for defects affecting the safety or stability of a
building is joint for the designer/architect and the contractor.
✓ If the designer’s/architect’s work does not include
supervision of execution of the works, its liability will be
contained only to any purely designing errors (always
affecting stability or safety).
 Cont.…
❖Different Methods of Selection & Evaluation of
Consultants:
❑ Based on Quality & Cost
✓ Depending on the type of the required consultancy service

✓ Bidders getting less than 70% in the evaluation shall be rejected and the
envelopes containing the financial proposals of those consultants scoring
70% and above shall be opened.
✓ The share technical proposal shall be 80% and the remaining 20% shall be
the share of financial proposal.
 Cont.…

❖ Quality Based Selection

✓ It shall be used under the following circumstances
▪ Complexity of consultancy service & innovation is
required,
▪ Assignments that have a high downstream impact,
▪ Assignments that can be carried out in substantially
different ways.
✓ bidder scoring the highest point in the evaluation of the
technical proposals shall be selected as the successful
bidder.
✓ If the price of 1st bidder is beyond the public body to pay, it
may enter into a contract with the 2nd bidder as long as it is
within its abilities.
 Cont.…

❖ Selection Based on Fixed Budget

✓ This method is appropriate only when the assignment is
simple and can be precisely defined and when the budget is
fixed.
✓ Bidders offering price in excess of the budget available for
the procurement shall be disqualified.
✓ The bidder offering the price with in the budget limit
allocated to the procurement and scoring the highest point in
the total sum of the technical & financial evaluations shall be
selected as the successful bidder.
✓ If necessary, negotiation may be held with the selected
bidder on certain issues excluding price
 Cont.…

❖ Selection Based on Least Cost

✓ This method is appropriate for procurement of a
consultancy service which is standard, simple and doesn’t
call for special qualification of a consultant.
✓ In evaluating bidders by applying this method, public
bodies shall set the minimum point of technical evaluation.
✓ Bidders failing to score the minimum point set for
technical qualification shall be disqualified.
 Cont.…

❖ Selection Based on the Consultants’ Qualification

✓ This method may be used for small assignments of which
the cost and time required for preparing and evaluating
competitive proposals is not justified.
✓ This method may only be used where the value of the
consultancy services does not exceed Birr 50,000.
✓ The terms of reference to be prepared for such
consultancy service shall require candidate consultants to
state their experience and level of qualification.
 Public Construction
Works
❖ The goal of public construction is to deliver public facilities that
meet the needs of the citizens and public employees who will
use them and that represent sound investments of tax Birr.
❖ High-quality, cost-effective design and construction services are
key to achieving this goal on each public construction project.
 Cont.…
❖ Procurement of public works can made by
✓ National or International Competitive Bidding
▪ With prequalification or without prequalification
▪ With restricted or open tender
✓ If the estimated value of work is greater than 50Million
ETB, the tender can be ICB.
✓ However, a preference margin of 7.5% shall be given to
Ethiopian Contractors during tender evaluation.
❖ Procurement shall be made using standard bidding
document(SBD).
✓ The advantage of SBD for construction works is same as
that of RFP for Design and/or Consultancy.
 Cont.…
❖ Suitability of SBD:
✓This standard document is only suitable for designs made by
Employer or for the Employer prior to bidding.
✓The Contractor is only responsible only for the construction
of the Employer’s Design.
✓It is not suitable for construction works
▪ with value greater than 10million USD.
▪ for complex works, even under 10million USD viz. large
water treatment plants.
▪ designed by contractors viz. Build-Design, Turnkey.
• For such construction works, other appropriate
standard documents viz. FIDIC may be used.
 Cont.…
✓ Suitable for both admeasurements contracts(with Bill of
Quantities(BOQ)) or Lump sum contracts(with Activity
Schedule)
✓ Admeasurements contracts are used for constructions,
where the works may not be well defined and quantities
cannot be accurately determined and are subject to change
in quantity or specifications resulting from site conditions.
✓ Lump sum contracts are used for constructions, which are
well defined and can be accurately quantified prior to
construction.
❖ Structure of SBD: is similar to structure of RFP except the
TOR is replaced by Schedule of Requirements which
comprises of Scope of works, Drawings, Specifications, BOQ or
Activity Schedule, etc.
 Bidding Procedure
for Construction
❖ The bidding procedure for construction works is similar to
bidding procedure for design service.
❖ The following are minor variations:
✓ where Open Tendering is used without pre-qualification, the
procuring entity must publish an Invitation to Bid notice, so
that bidding is open to all interested bidders.
✓ where Open Tendering is used with pre-qualification, the
bidders invited will be those selected during the pre-
qualification process.
✓ under Restricted Tendering, the bidders invited will be those
included on the shortlist among contractors list.
 Cont.…
❖ In restricted tendering, there is no need to publish an Invitation
to Bid notice, but the bidding document should be accompanied
by an invitation to bid letter.
❖ Construction works may be carried out by simple request for
quotation(RFQ) if the threshold is less than 250,000 ETB.
❖ The minimum bid floating days are:
 Cont.…
❖ Contract security shall be provided to Employer no later than 15
days after receipt of the Letter of Acceptance and shall be issued in
the form of a Bank Guarantee, or for Ethiopian Contractors only in
the form of a Performance Bond.
✓ The minimum amount of performance shall be 10% of the
contract amount and it shall be provided within 15 days after
signing the contract.
❖ Advance may be paid in an amount not exceeding 30% of the total
contract price. The amount to be paid in advance shall be stated in
the ETB.
✓ Contractors should provide advance payment security from
reputable bank in amount equal to the advance payment
together with their request.
✓ Domestic contractors may submit conditional advance
payment security from reputable insurance company.
Cont.…
 Terms of Reference
(TOR)
❑ Introduction
❑ Content of TOR
❑ Who should prepare TOR?

➢ Terms of reference are used to describe the purpose roles and

structures of projects, working groups, reference groups and
committees
➢ They are guidelines for the way group members will work with
each other and are usually the first task undertaken by a group.
➢ They are usually prepared by client for selection of consult.
➢ TOR provides a clear definition of the project's scope.
 Cont.…
❖ The call for tender usually includes a detailed description of the project
and specifies the exact terms of reference which the consultant's offer is to
cover.
❖ The Terms of Reference (TOR) should provide sufficient information as
to enable bidders to understand the services required by the employer and
to therefore be able to accurately prepare proposals that are realistic and
competitive and which meet the needs of employer.
❖ The TOR is a part of a Contract document and will be incorporated into
the contract upon signing.
❖ TOR should be prepared by the User Department, with guidance from
procurement staff as required.
❖ It is important that the manager or recipient of the consultancy services is
involved in drafting or checking the TOR, as the TOR must reflect the
objectives and requirements of the assignment.
 Cont.…
❖ The TOR should be
✓ complete,
✓ precise, and
✓ Clear.
❖ However, a bidders may request clarifications from the employer
or submit conditional proposals or proposals that may be based on
different understandings of the employers requirement.
❖ Depending on the nature of the clarifications, the employer may
need to amend the RFP and eventually to extend the
submission deadline.
❖ Note:
✓ Conditional proposals may have to be rejected.
✓ Proposals that are not comparable cannot be evaluated.
 Content of TOR
❖ The content of TOR depends on the individual assignment to be
given.
❖ However, typically TOR should have the following details:
✓ The background to the assignment;
✓The objectives of the assignment and what it is expected to
achieve;
✓A description of the scope of the services required;
✓The specific deliverables required, such as study reports and
recommendations, software, databases, bidding documents,
drawings, specifications, maps, software, training materials etc. and
the dates by when they are required;
✓Requirements for transfer of knowledge or training programmes;
✓The role, qualifications and experience of any key staff required;
✓The period of the assignment and expected completion dates;
 Cont.…
✓Any facilities, services or resources to be provided by the employer,
including any counterpart staff;
✓Arrangements for reporting to the Procuring Entity, including lines of
communication and the contact point for management and
administration of the assignment;
✓A schedule of any reports required, including inception, progress and
final reports;
✓Any other details or requirements relevant to the assignment.
 Typical layout of
❖ Background, TOR
✓ [General description of the assignment required and the role this assignment will play in
the larger project it forms part of. Detail the overall objectives of the project to emphasize
the importance of the objectives of the assignment and list those stakeholders sharing an
involvement in the project and an interest in the assignment.]
❖ Objectives
✓ [Description of the high level and lower level objectives of the assignment and the
achievements expected.]
❖ Scope of the Services
[Describe the full scope of the Services to be provided. List any possible constraints. The
key activities or phases anticipated in the assignment should be clearly listed; alternatively,
Bidders may be requested to determine the activities to meet the objectives of the
assignment.]
❖ Deliverables
[List all deliverables required (e.g. reports, databases, bidding documents, software,
workshops, drawings, specifications, maps) and when they are required (e.g. end of
assignment, certain key dates). Specify the language the deliverables are required in.]
 Cont.…
❖ Transfer of Knowledge/Training (as appropriate)
✓ [State requirements for capacity building or transfer of knowledge to the Procuring
Entity’s or other staff.]
❖ Minimum Experience requirements
✓ [List the minimum requirements of each Key Professional in terms of qualifications and
experience.]
❖ Assignment Period
✓ [Specify the anticipated commencement date of the assignment and the expected
period during which the assignment must be completed. List any key milestones in the
assignment and any phasing of the assignment.]
❖ Facilities, services and resources to be provided by the employer
✓ [List the services and facilities that will be provided to the Consultants, i.e. use of
offices, computers and other office facilities, transport and vehicles. Detail the relevant
project data and report that will be available to the Consultant. List counterpart staff that
will be made available.]
❖ Reporting
✓ [Specify the progress Reports required, the frequency and language of reports and if
required the format of the reports. Differentiate between progress reports and study
reports/recommendations.]
 Cont.…
❖ Assignment management and administration
✓[Detail the anticipated lines of responsibility and communications between the
Consultants and the Procuring Entity on a daily basis and the officials responsible for the
administration of the Consultants routine requirements. Give details of any steering
committee or similar body involved in overseeing the assignment.]
 Who should prepare
TOR?
❖ Project officers,
❖ Managers,
❖ Technical staff with very good knowledge of the
project/program,
❖ Consultant?
Sample TORs
Building
Environmental
Assessment