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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Roundworms are elongated, cylindrical in shape with bilaterally
symmetry and unsegmented
2. Have complete digestive system, no circulatory system
3. With sensory organ known as chemoreceptor
4. Provided with separate sexes although some are parthenogenic
5. Female maybe oviparous or viviparous
6. Developmental stages(5)
INTESTINAL & INTESTINAL-TISSUE EGG> 1st larvae>2nd larvae>3rd larvae>ADULT
NEMATODES
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
oAccording to the presence of Caudal receptor oAccording to habitat
oPhasmids: with caudal chemoreceptors oIntestinal Nematode
oHookworm oExtraintestinal Nematode
oS. stercoralis
oW. bancrofti
oB. malayi
oAphasmids: Lacks phasmids or caudal chemoreceptors
o“TCT”: Trichuris-Capillaria-Trichinella
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LIFE CYCLE
2 Cycles:
oDirect life cycle: no intermediate host
oIndirect life cycle: intermediate host
oGenerally males of most species have curved tail end and
provided with special structure such as copulatory bursa
ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
COMM ON NAMES: GI ANT ROUNDWORM, GIANT INTESTINAL
ROUNDWORM
DISEASE: ASCARIASIS
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides
(Fertilized Egg)
(Unfertilized Egg) Decorticated: absence of outer
Parameters Description
Shell layers: Parameters Description coarsely mammilated covering
Size 40-75 um by 30-35 um
1. Outer mammillary Size 85-95 um by 38-45 um
coating Shape Rounder than
Shape Varies
nonfertilized
2. Middle glycogen layer
Embryo Unembryonated; Embryo Undeveloped
3. Inner vitelline amorphous mass of
membrane unicellular embryo
protoplasm
Shell Thick chitin
Shell Thin
Other feature May be corticated or
Other feature Usually corticated decorticated
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Adults may lay a
number of
Ascaris lumbricoides undeveloped eggs up
(ADULTS) to 250,000/day that
Characteristics FEMALE ADULT MALE ADULT are passed in the
Size 22-35 cm Up to 30 cm feces ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS
Color Creamy white pink tint COMM ON NAMES: PINWORM, SEATWORM
Terminal mouth:
DISEASE: ENTEROBIASIS, PINWORM INFECTION, OXYURI ASIS
Other feature Pencil lead Prominent trilobate lips and a
thickness incurved tail sensory papillae
Enterobius vermicularis
(Egg) Enterobius vermicularis
Parameters Description (Adults)
Size 48-60 um long
20-35 um wide Parameters ADULT Female ADULT Male
Shape Oval, one side Length 7-14 mm 2-4 mm
flattened
Embryo Stage of Width Up to 0.5 mm <0.3 mm
development varies
may be
Color Yellowish-white
unembryonated
embryonated, Tail Pointed; Curved tail
mature resembles and a
Shell Double-layered, pinhead single spicule
thick colorless
Shell: outer triple albuminous covering (mechanical protection) Single female lays 4,672 to 16,888 per day with an average
and inner embryonic lipoidal membrane (chemical protection) of 11,105 eggs and dies after deposition
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Trichuris trichiura
(Egg)
Parameters Description
Size 50-55 by 25 um
Shape Barrel, football, Lemon
Hyaline polar plug at
each end
Japanese latern
appearance
Embryo Unicellular; undeveloped
Shell Smooth; yellow-brown
color because of bile
contact
TRICHURIS TRICHIURA
COMMON NAMES: WHIPWORM Compared to Ascaris eggs, Trichuris eggs
DISEASE: TRICHURIASIS, WHIPWORM INFECTION in the soil are more susceptible to
desiccation
Trichuris trichiura
(Adult)
Parameters Description
Size 2.5-5 cm long; males
usually smaller than females
A female lays
approximately 3,000 to
Anterior end Colorless; resembles a whip
handle; contains a slender 10,00 eggs per day
esophagus
Each female worm can
Posterior end Pinkish-gray; resembles
whip itself; contains produce a total of over ANCYLOSTOMA DUODENALE
digestive and reproductive 60 million eggs over an COMM ON NAME: OLD WORLD HOOKWORM
systems; males possess average life span of 2 NECATOR AMERICANUS
prominent curled tail; female COMM ON NAME: NEW WORLD HOOKWORM
has a bluntly rounded tail
years
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Egg: Morula ball
appearance
Hookworm Egg
Parameter Description Hookworm Rhabditiform larva
Size Parameter Description
Length Necator: 60-75 um Size
Ancylostoma: 55-60 um Newly hatched 270 by 15 um
Width 35-40 um
5 Days old 540-700 um long
Embryonic Cleavage Two, four, or eight-cell stage
Other Features Long buccal cavity; small
Shell Smooth, colorless genital primordium
Hookworm Filariform Larva 2 notable characteristics
Parameter Description Hookworms vs S. stercoralis
Length of esophagus Short a. Hookworm has slender larva
has a shorter esophagus
Tail Pointed Hookworm Adults
than that of Strongyloides
stercoralis General characteristics
b. Hookworm filariform larva Color Grayish-white to pink
has a distinct pointed tail. Cuticle Somewhat thick
Anterior End Conspicuous bend, hook
Characteristic Female Adults Male Adults
Size 9-12 mm long 5-10 mm long
0.25-0.50 mm wide 0.2-0.4 mm wide
Other Features Prominent posterior
copulatory bursa
Buccal Capsule Characteristics
Necator Contains pair of cutting plates
Ancylostoma Contains actual teeth
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Adult females lay
10,000 to 20,000
eggs/day.
STRONGYLOIDES STERCOLARIS
COMMON NAME: THREADWORM
Strongyloides stercolaris
(Egg)
Parameter Description
Size Average, 48 by 35 um Strongyloides stercolaris Rhabditiform Larva
Typical growth phase Contains well-developed larvae Parameter Description
Embryonic cleavage Two, four, or eight-cell stage when Average size 220 by 15 um
present Other features Short buccal cavity;
prominent genital primordium
Shell Thin, hyaline
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Strongyloides stercolaris Adult Female Probably because no
adult male S.
Parameter Description stercoralis is known to
Approximate size 2 by 0.4 mm exist, the adult female
is considered as
Other features Colorless, transparent body; finely parthenogenic,
straited cuticle because there are no
Short buccal cavity; obvious morphologic
Long slender esophagus structures to indicate
that a male is not
required for
Filariform Larva: S. stercoralis fertilization.
vs Hookworm
a. S. stercoralis has a long
Strongyloides stercolaris Filariform larva esophagus, compared with
Parameter Description that of the hookworm
Average length 690 um b. The tail of S. stercoralis is
notched, unlike that
Length of esophagus Long Hookworm which is pointed.
Tail Notched
Capillaria philippinensis
(Adults)
Characteristics Adult female Adult male
Length 1.5 to 3.9 mm 2.3 to 5.3 mm
Notable Blunt, round curved posterior
Features posterior end with
end; single two round
ovary with appendages
vulva in
anterior fifth
of body
COMMON TO BOTH MALES AND FEMALES
Thin filamentous anterior end
Small mouth
Long slender digestive tract
CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS
DISEASE: MYSTERY DISEASE Stichocytes: rows of secretory cells present in the esophagus
Stichosome: entire esophageal structure
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Capillaria philippinensis
(Egg)
Parameter Description
Size Average, 48 by 35 um
Typical growth phase Laid unsegmented
Shell Pitted shell that is slightly
constricted
Egg: peanut shaped/guitar shaped with striated shells and flattened
bipolar plugs
