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_GP _R _O _W _I _N _G _U _
_I _M _A _G E_
_C _H _A _N _G _E _S
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_ D_ E_ N_ T_ _I _
I T Y

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 THE PHYSICAL
SELF
AGUILOS-BERCASIO-DOMINGO-LUSOC-MAPA
 • Self Understanding- According to
Santroct (2004), self understanding
SELF is the individual’s cognitive
UNDERSTANDING representation of the self which
consists of the substance and the
content of self conceptions.
 • As the age is advancing, interests
and bodies are also changing. The
GROWING UP changes are also rapid that before
the parents notice it, they are no
longer babies but unpredictable
teenagers.
 • The defining traits of features of
PHYSICAL the person’s body. Physical
CHARACTERISTICS characteristics are distinguished
by the naked eye like facial
features, hairstyles, clothes or
figure.
 • According to Erik Erikson, he
believed in the importance of the
body from early development
PHYSICAL because the physical as well as
CHARACTERISTICS intellectual skills will somehow
serve as the basis to whether a
person has achieved a sense of
competence and be able to
manage and face the demands of
life complexities.
 • According to William James, he
considered that the body as the initial
source of sensation and necessary for
PHYSICAL the origin and maintenance of
CHARACTERISTICS personality.

• (from Latin adolescere ‘to mature’) is

a transitional stage of physical and
psychological development that
generally occurs during the period
from puberty to adulthood.
 • According to healthy [Link],
adolescence is divided into three
periods:
ADOLESCENCE  Early Adolescence (11-14 years
old)
 Middle Adolescence (15-17)
 Late Adolescence (18-21 years
old)
 • According to Santrock, puberty
is not the same as
adolescence because puberty
PUBERTY ends prior to the end of
adolescent period but he
recognized puberty as the
most essential marker of the
beginning of adolescence.
 • Girls reached puberty earlier
than boys and they experience
menarche (first menstrual
PUBERTY flow).

• Boys two to three years later

experienced semenarche (first
ejaculation/wet dreams).
 • Santrock further explain that
Puberty is a brain-neuroendocrine
process occurring primarily in early
PUBERTY adolescence that triggers the rapid
physical changes that occur in the
adolescent stage of human
development.
 • Pituitary Glands master
endocrine gland that controls
growth and regulates the function
of all other endocrine glands.
PUBERTY
• Gonads
Ovaries for girls
Testes for boys
 • Estrogen- hormones in girls
that is responsible for physical
change like increase in height,
widening of hips and increase in
fatty tissues in the breast.
PUBERTY • Androgen and testosterone-
hormones for boys that is
responsible for the boy’s growth
of facial and body hair, muscles
and changes in the voice.
 • Refers to the way one sees
himself/herself or the way
BODY IMAGE he/she imagines how
he/she looks.
 For example:

BODY IMAGE
 • How they see
BODY IMAGE themselves can either be
positive or negative.
 • In social psychology, this
phenomenon is called
spotlight effect which refers
BODY IMAGE to the belief that others are
paying more attention to the
person’s appearance and
behavior than they really are
(Myer, 2015).
 a. Introspection and Self-reflection
FACTORS THAT Introspection is the process by which one
AFFECT observes and examines one’s internal state
(mental and emotional) after behaving in a
PERCEPTION certain way. Studies, however, show that
OF THE introspection is limited because people
PHYSICAL SELF commonly motivated to keep unwanted
thoughts and experience out of memory and
consciousness. This means that people have
(PERSONAL a low self-insight on aspects about the self
FACTORS) where they wish were not true and many
people tend to overestimate their positive
aspects.
FACTORS THAT
AFFECT b. Self-Perception Theory
PERCEPTION Explains that since one’s internal state
is difficult to interpret, people can infer
OF THE their inner states by observing their
PHYSICAL SELF own behavior- as if they are an outside
observer.
(PERSONAL
FACTORS)
 c. Self-concept
Self-concept is a cognitive representation of
self-knowledge which includes the sum total
FACTORS THAT of all beliefs that people have about
AFFECT themselves. Physical concept is the
PERCEPTION
Individual’s perception or description of his
physical self, including his physical
OF THE appearance.
PHYSICAL SELF
d. Personal Identity
This is the concept a person has about
(PERSONAL himself that develops over the years. This
FACTORS) includes aspects of his life that he was born
into like family, nationality, gender, physical
traits as well as the choices he makes, such
 a. Attachment Process and Social
Appraisal
According to Bowly (1969), early caregiver
interactions shape individuals’ self-concept
FACTORS THAT and social appraisal. Positive caregiving
AFFECT
leads to a positive self-concept, while
neglectful caregiving can result in a
PERCEPTION negative self-concept and distrust in others,
OF THE formed before self-awareness.
PHYSICAL SELF b. Maintaining, Regulating and
Expanding the Self in Interpersonal
SOCIAL FACTORS) Relationships.
Interpersonal relationships continuously
shape individuals’ sense of self through
 c. The Looking-glass Self Theory.
FACTORS THAT
Charles Horton Cooley stated that a person’s
self grows out of society’s interpersonal
AFFECT interaction and the perception of others. The
PERCEPTION self image is shaped and reflected from the
OF THE social world.

PHYSICAL SELF d. Social Comparison

It is the process of comparing oneself with
SOCIAL FACTORS) others in order to evaluate one’s own abilities
and opinions.
 Two types of Social Comparison

FACTORS THAT 1. Upward social comparison- When

AFFECT an individual compares himself to
PERCEPTION others who are better than him.
2. Downward social comparison-
OF THE When an individual compares himself
PHYSICAL SELF to someone who is in a worse situation
than he is especially when he is feeling
SOCIAL FACTORS) so low.
 e. Social Identity Theory
FACTORS THAT
(Collective Theory)
AFFECT
- People have a need for positive
PERCEPTION
social identity that is why they
OF THE
connect to wider social network,
PHYSICAL SELF
which helps to enhance their self-
esteem.
SOCIAL FACTORS)
 • Cultural milieu is another factor
that strongly impacts the person’s
THE IMPACT OF view of his physical self.
CULTURE ON
BODY IMAGE AND • Culture is defined as a social
SELF-ESTEEM: system that is characterized by
THE IMPORTANCE the shared meanings that are
OF BEAUTY attributed to people and events by
its members (Hewstone, 2015).
 • Young adolescents are forced to
adhere to society’s definition of
THE IMPACT OF beauty lest they be labelled ugly or ‘
CULTURE ON pangit’ in the local dialect.
BODY IMAGE AND
SELF-ESTEEM: • Merriam and Webster defines
THE IMPORTANCE beauty as the quality of being
OF BEAUTY physically attractive or the qualities
in a person or a thing that give
pleasure to the senses or the mind.
 THE IMPACT OF
CULTURE ON • It should be noted that in
BODY IMAGE AND every culture and in every
SELF-ESTEEM: individual, the standards of
THE IMPORTANCE beauty vary a lot.
OF BEAUTY
 • EUROCENTRISM is define
as “a tendency to interpret
the world in terms of
THE FILIPINO European or Anglo-
CONCEPT American values and
OF BEAUTY experiences”.

• Features with fair skin, tall

nose’s, and long straight hair.
 • The ‘tisoy’ and ‘tisay’ beauty
standard is strongly promoted in
media today.

THE FILIPINO • Media is perpetuating the idea that

CONCEPT the European standard of beauty is
OF BEAUTY the only thing that can be deemed
as beautiful. The Filipino has been
whitewashed so much that it is as if
their heritage abd identities do not
matter at all in the global schema.
 • COLORISM is defined as “the
prejudicial or preferential treatment of
same-race people based solely on
the color of their skin”
THE FILIPINO
CONCEPT • Dark-skinned Filipinos tend to have a
OF BEAUTY negative body image. They feel
ashamed and embarrassed of their
bodies because they think they are
valued less compared to those with
lighter skin.
 • YOU DEFINE BEAUTY
YOURSELF.
THE FILIPINO
SOCIETY DOESN’T DEFINE
CONCEPT
YOUR BEAUTY.
OF BEAUTY
 For example:

THE FILIPINO
CONCEPT
OF BEAUTY
 • Hewstone et al., (2015) defines self-
esteem as the overall evaluation that a
person has of himself which can be
positive or negative, high or low.
SELF-ESTEEM
AND THE • Self-esteem is a measure of the
DEAL BODY IMAGE person’s self worth based on some
personal or social standard.

• It is a global evaluative dimension of

the self.
 • People with positive or high self-
esteem are happier, have a sense of
accomplishment and purpose and
relate well with others.
SELF-ESTEEM
AND THE • Adolescents body image includes the
DEAL BODY IMAGE following:
1. Perception of their physical self when
they look in the mirror.
2. Feelings of like or dislike about the
physical self that they see.
 3. Their thoughts and how they relate to
their physical self.
4. Perception of how other people view
them physically.
SELF-ESTEEM
AND THE • Positive body image- high self-esteem,
spend more time taking care of their
DEAL BODY IMAGE appearance, and attention that he gets
for his physical beauty elevates the level
of self-esteem.
• Negative body image- low self-esteem,
affects how he perceives himself and
feels that he does not measure up to how
culture defines beauty.
 The following are some aspects in
culture that may have led to the
aforementioned misconceptions:
1. Society’s ideals of the perfect
SELF-ESTEEM physical form.
AND THE 2. Images of perfection adolescents
DEAL BODY IMAGE see in all types of media.
3. Since a standard has been set by
society and reinforced by media,
any characteristics that does not
conform to the standard is labelled
as ugly.
 SELF-ESTEEM • People are different and each one
AND THE is uniquely beautiful.
DEAL BODY IMAGE
 • Understanding the Self by Gazzingan, et
al.
• [Link]
REFERENCES • [Link]
THANK YOU!
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