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Horizontal and Vertical Microprogramming

The document compares horizontal and vertical microprogramming. Horizontal microprogramming maps each microinstruction to a single control signal, while vertical microprogramming groups related control signals within microinstructions. Vertical microprogramming typically results in fewer microinstructions and a more complex control unit, but can be more efficient by reducing redundancy.

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358 views1 page

Horizontal and Vertical Microprogramming

The document compares horizontal and vertical microprogramming. Horizontal microprogramming maps each microinstruction to a single control signal, while vertical microprogramming groups related control signals within microinstructions. Vertical microprogramming typically results in fewer microinstructions and a more complex control unit, but can be more efficient by reducing redundancy.

Uploaded by

c3421338
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Horizontal

Aspect Microprogramming Vertical Microprogramming

Each microinstruction
corresponds to a state or
Each microinstruction condition during instruction
Granularity of corresponds to a single execution and contains a set of
Control control signal or operation. control signals.

Mapping may be less direct, as


Direct mapping between multiple control signals may be
Control Signal microinstructions and grouped within a single
Mapping control signals. microinstruction.

Typically results in a larger Generally leads to a smaller


number of microinstructions, number of microinstructions
Number of as each control signal has its due to grouping related control
Microinstructions own microinstruction. signals.

May result in a more complex


Relatively simple and control unit design due to
Control Unit straightforward control unit abstract grouping of control
Complexity design. signals.

Easier to understand and May be more challenging to


debug, as each understand and debug, as
microinstruction multiple control signals are
Readability and corresponds to a single encapsulated within a single
Understanding control signal. microinstruction.

Requires more memory to Requires less memory due to


store a larger number of the reduced number of
Memory Usage microinstructions. microinstructions.

May be less efficient due to Can be more efficient as


the larger number of related control signals are
microinstructions and grouped together, reducing
Efficiency potential redundancy. redundancy.

Less common in modern More commonly used in


CPU designs but still used in modern CPU designs due to its
Common Usage some cases. efficiency and compactness.

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