Name: Abapo, Norelie A.

BSSW 2B
2067 | SW 214 | Filipino Personality and Social Work

Reflection Paper

The founder of psychoanalysis a therapeutic approach to treating psychopathology via

discussion between a patient and a psychoanalyst was the Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud
(1856–1939). Psychoanalysis, psychiatry, and cultural studies have all benefited greatly from
Freud's theories. We social work students will gain knowledge and insight from the lecture of
Sigmund Freud that we can use to better understand ourselves and our clients in the future.
Three cognitive components make up Freud's hypothesized model of the mind. The Id is the
primal, instinctive portion of the mind that seeks for instant fulfillment for needs. A logical,
practical portion of the mind called the ego acts as a mediator between the irrational wants of
the id and the limitations of reality. The moral portion of the mind known as the superego serves
as a conscience by internalizing society ideals. In addition, defense mechanisms are employed
by the ego, according to Freud, to deal with distress brought on by conflicts between the id, ego,
and superego. Repression, denial, projection, and displacement are a few examples. As well as,
through the use of procedures like talking cure and free association, patients in psychoanalysis
can freely communicate their ideas and feelings, which aids the analyst in identifying hidden
conflicts. Up until afterward insights, Jung popularized the idea of the collective unconscious,
which is a part of everyone's unconscious mind. It includes archetypes, which are universal,
symbolic pictures and ideas derived from humanity's collective experience. Psychology has
been significantly impacted by Jung's views, especially in the fields of depth psychology,
psychotherapy, and personality typology. Even if some of his theories have drawn criticism,
Jung's contributions have remained significant in disciplines other than psychology, including
literature, the arts, and religion. Furthermore, we have according to Adler, the pursuit of
importance or dominance serves as the main driving factor behind human existence. People
strive to get over inferiority complexes and develop a sense of competence and worth in their
life. Adler's notions have impacted therapy, education, and psychology. Even though his
theories have changed and been incorporated into other therapeutic philosophies, his focus on
the value of social factors and the need for meaning continues to have an impact on modern
psychology. Moreover, Erikson distinguished eight phases of psychological development that
people experience throughout their lives. Every stage is distinguished by a distinct
developmental crisis or conflict that has to be addressed in order for personality development to
proceed normally. In order to comprehend human development, Erikson's psychosocial theory
is frequently applied, especially in situations related to education and therapy. It highlights the
value of interpersonal connections, cultural background, and the idea that growth is ongoing
throughout life. Horney suggested that the sensation of "basic anxiety," which results from early
emotions of helplessness and isolation and may give rise to a variety of coping techniques and
defensive mechanisms, is a key component of personality formation. Fromm's book "Escape
from Freedom" explores into the premise that people frequently feel dread and anxiety because
of the responsibility that comes along with having freedom. By allowing to authoritarian regimes
or following social norms, people may try to break away from this freedom. On the other hand,
one another learnings from Rogers was an advocate of the idea of self-actualization, which is
the natural human desire to reach one's greatest potential and improve upon oneself. For him,
developing oneself was a continuous process. In addition, Abraham Maslow's theories, which
offer a framework for comprehending human motivation and personal growth, are still relevant in
psychology and related sciences. Maslow's work has made a substantial contribution to the
study of human behavior and well-being, despite certain criticisms. As well as, Operant
conditioning, a kind of learning in which behavior is reinforced or suppressed by its outcomes, is
the foundation of Skinner's theory. He stressed how behavior is shaped and managed via the
use of rewards and penalties. B.F. Skinner's behaviorism has encouraged discussions and
arguments concerning the nature of human behavior, free will, and the role of cognition in
learning and conduct, in addition to its influence in the field of behavior modification. A key
component of Bandura's theory is observational learning, which is the process of picking up new
behaviors by seeing and copying others. A number of variables, including motivation, attention,
retention, and reproduction, affect this process. Afterward, Watson is frequently credited with
founding behaviorism. A branch of psychology known as behaviorism emphasizes the
significance of environmental stimuli and reactions while rejecting the idea that psychology
should examine invisible mental processes and instead concentrate on observable behavior.
Even though Watson's behaviorism had a big influence on psychology, more sophisticated
psychological viewpoints like cognitive psychology eventually overtook it in an effort to combine
the study of observable behavior with the research of mental processes. As well as, the creation
of classical conditioning is considered to be Pavlov's greatest contribution to psychology. He
showed how the process of association may cause a neutral stimulus provoke a reaction that is
comparable to an unconditioned stimulus that naturally triggers a response when associated
with it. The foundation for behaviorism and the knowledge of how connections between stimuli
and responses benefit in learning was established by Pavlov's research. Since then, classical
conditioning has emerged as a key idea in psychology and has been used in a variety of
therapeutic and educational contexts. Last but not least learnings in the discussion is Jean
Piaget, his research centered on how kids learn and grow in their cognitive capacities. Known
as "cognitive developmental theory," Piaget's approach delineates several phases of cognitive
development. The cognitive developmental theory of Jean Piaget continues to have an impact
on our understanding of how people especially children to construct knowledge and grow as
thinkers as they engage with their surroundings.