UNIT 10.

PRESENTATIONS

Active Words and Phrases

accept – приймати; погоджуватися
achieve an objective – досягати мети
adage – афоризм; прислів’я
attention grabber – me, що привертає увагу
bank balance – залишок рахунку в банку
bullet points – найважливіші пункти; ключові моменти
communication medium – засіб комунікації
conclusion – висновок
emphasis – акцент
enable – надавати можливість
essential – істотний; важливий
feedback – зворотна реакція
graph – графік; діаграма
icebreaker – метод зняття напруги
impact – вплив
improve – поліпшувати
introduction – вступ
issue – питання; проблема
key – головний
make sure –упевнюватися
oppose – заперечувати
persuade – переконувати
priority – пріоритет
refuse – відмовляти(-ся)
rehearse – репетирувати; повторювати
research centre – дослідницький центр
retention – запам ’ятовування
roughly – приблизно
solution – вирішення
study – дослідження
summarise – підбивати підсумки
supply – запас; постачання
table – таблиця
tend – мати тенденцію
timing – розрахунок часу
visual aids – наочні засоби
Giving Effective Presentations
There are three essential pieces of information that can make your
presentation fly: use visual aids where you can; rehearse, rehearse, rehearse; the
audience will only remember three messages.
 Professor Albert Mehrabian did a lot of research into how we take in
information during a presentation. He conducted that 55 per cent of the
information we take in is visual and only 7 per cent is text. There are some
important conclusions that we can take in from this information:
• Use visuals (pictures, graphs, tables) whenever you can.
• In a speech, you are only using 38 per cent of the communication
medium.
• Ditch the bullet points.
In a Study at the Wharton Research Centre it was shown that using visual
slides had a dramatic effect on message retention. The old adage that “a picture
is worth a thousand words” is as true today as it has always been. By using
visuals in your presentation, you can expect roughly to double the chance of
achieving your objectives. Moreover, if you are trying to make a sales
presentation or a job interview presentation, this piece of advice can have a
major impact on your bank balance.
There is no end of people who spend hours pouring over their bullet points
but fail to rehearse properly for the presentation. The old proverb says: “If you
fail to prepare, you are prepared to fail.” Rehearse your presentation and it will
get better. You should rehearse at least four times, and if you can get word
perfect so much the better. Make sure that one of your rehearsals is in front of a
really scary audience – family, friends, partners, colleagues, or children. They
will tell you quite plainly, where you are going wrong – as well as providing
you with support that you need. If you have to give a presentation in a short
period of time, then try to practise your presentation against the clock. This is
particularly true with something like the five-minute job presentation. You can
add in parts from the script or take them out to fit the time. Allow extra time in
your presentation for questions and watch out for nerves – this could mean that
you talk faster on the day. In the actual presentation, you could take in a clock
or take off your wristwatch and put it on the podium. This way you can see how
the timing can develop. A very simple trick that can help you with your
performance is to video or record yourself. This will give you some immediate
feedback and will enable you to fine-tune your performance.
The audience are likely to remember only three things from your
presentation. The rule of three is one of the oldest in the book – Aristotle wrote
about it in his book Rhetoric. Put simply it is that people tend to remember three
things easily. Therefore, before you start writing your presentation, plan what
your three key messages will be. Once you have these messages, structure the
main part of your speech around these three main themes and look at how they
could be better illustrated. There are three parts of your presentation: the
beginning, the middle and the end. Start to plan what you will do in these parts.
The beginning is ideal for an attention grabber or for an icebreaker. The end is
great to wrap things up or to end with a grand finale. Lists of three have been
used from early times up to the present day. They are particularly used by
politicians and advertisers who know the value of using this rule to sell their
ideas. There are many examples:
• “Veni, Vidi, Vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered) – Julius Caesar.
• “Friends, Romans, Countrymen lend me your ears” – William
Shakespeare.
• “Our priorities are Education, Education, Education” - Tony Blair.
If you have four points to get across - cut one out. The audience will not
remember it anyway. In presentations, less really is more. No one ever
complained of a presentation being too short.
Exercises
1. Answer the following question:
1. What essential information that can make a presentation fly was stated in
the text?
2. What researcher was mentioned in the text?
3. What results does the study at the Wharton Research Centre have?
4. What proverbs can you find in the text?
5. How many times is it necessary to rehearse a presentation?
6. Why is it so important to rehearse in front of a really scary audience?
7. What pieces of advice concerning timing do you remember?
8. Who was the first to write about the rule of three?
9. What parts should a presentation consist of?
10. Give examples of using the rule of three.

2. Match each word or collocation in the left-hand column with its meaning in
the right-hand column.
1) presentation a) a group of people who come to watch and listen to
someone speaking or performing in public
2) summary b) an event at which you describe or explain a new product or idea
3) visual aid c) changes in your body position and movements that show what
you are feeling or thinking
4) audience d) a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation
5) body language e) the end or final part of something
6) solution f) the thing that you think is most important and that needs
attention before anything else
7) script g) the written form of a speech, play, film etc.
8) conclusion h) special importance that is given to a word or phrase by
saying it louder or higher, or by printing it in a special way
9) emphasis i) something that you say or do to make people less nervous when
they first meet
10) icebreaker j) something such as a map, picture or the part of a film that
helps people understand, learn, or remember information
11) priority k) a short statement that gives the main information about
something, without giving all the details
3. Complete the sentences using the text.
1. There are three essential pieces of information that can make your
presentation fly ... .
2. Professor Albert Mehrabian did a lot of research into ....
3. If you fail to prepare ....
4. A very simple trick that can help you with your performance ....
5. If you have four points to get across ....
6. There are three parts of your presentation ....
7. By using visuals in your presentation you can ....
8. Make sure that one of your rehearsals is ... .

4. Phrasal verbs.
give away – to give something to someone because you do not want or need it
for yourself
give back – to give something to the person it belongs to or the person who gave
it to you
give in – to finally agree to do or accept something that you had at first
opposed, especially because someone has forced or persuaded you to
give off – to produce a smell, light, heat, sound etc.
give out – if a supply of something gives out, there is none left
give over – to stop doing or saying something that is annoying other people
give up – to stop doing something, especially something that you do regularly
give up on – to stop hoping that someone or something will change or improve

5. Fill in the correct preposition:

1. This is not your money and you must give it _________.
2. Oh, give _________ complaining, we are nearly there.
3. The wood gave _________ a sweet, perfumed smell as it burnt.
4. He had been in a coma for six months, and doctors had almost given ______
him.
5. I gave most of my books __________ when I left college.
6. Money was beginning to give __________ and there were no jobs to be
found.
7. She gave __________ her job and started writing poetry.
8. The government refused to give __________ to their demands.

6. Translate the following from Ukrainian into English in written form.

1. Презентація – це заздалегідь підготовлений виступ, який може
проходити за офіційних або неофіційних умов перед маленькою або
великою групою людей. Її метою може бути інформування, переконання
та пояснення.
2. Весь процес презентації можна поділити на чотири основні частини:
підготовка, вступ, основна частина та висновки. У вступі слід зазначити ті
пункти, про які піде мова у презентації. В основній частині надати основну
інформацію презентації. А підбиваючи підсумки, ще раз стисло згадати всі
ті питання, які вже було розглянуто.
3. Під час проведення презентації дуже важливо зацікавити аудиторію та
підтримувати її увагу протягом всього виступу. Необхідно
використовувати наочні засоби для більш легкого сприймання та
розуміння інформації слухачами. Доведено, що досягти більшого впливу
на людей можна за допомогою правильного розташування акцентів у
промові.

7. Notes on presentation making.

The structure of a presentation:
1. Preparation.
2. Introduction.
3. Development (Core).
4. Conclusion (Consolidation).
Introduction. Useful expressions:
• In my presentation, I will be proposing...
• The subject / topic of this presentation is ...
• In my presentation today I am going to explain ...
• I will be developing three main points. First, I will give you ... Second ...
Lastly...
• My presentation will be in two main parts. In the first part I will ... and then I
will ...
• Firstly, I would like to ... Secondly, we can ... I will finish with ...
• Conclusion. Useful expressions:
• That brings me to the end of my presentation.
• That completes my presentation.
• Before I stop / finish, let me just say ...
• That covers all I wanted to say today.
• Let me just run over the key points again.
• I will briefly summarise the main issues.
• Briefly ...
• As you can see, there are some very good reasons ...
• In conclusion ...
• I would like to leave you with the following thought / idea.