ORAL COMMUNICATION

TYPES OF SPEECH ACT CONCRETE LIFE INTERACTIONS – that

require the appropriate use of language within
SPEECH ACT – is an utterance that a speaker a given culture.
makes to achieve an intended effect.
SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
Some of the functions which are carried out
using speech acts are offering an apology, - Event planning or any other activity
greeting, request, complaint, invitation, - It is not chronological or linear.
compliment, or refusal. - It is recursive.
- you have the opportunity to repeat a
THREE TYPES OF SPEECH ACTS writing procedure indefinitely.
[ J.L Austin 1962] - Produce multiple drafts first before
you settle on the right one.
1. Locutionary Act – is the actual act of
uttering. Figure 1 : SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
2. Illocutionary Act – is the social • Conducting an audience analysis
function of what is said.
• Determining the purpose of the speech
3. Perlocutionary Acts – is the resulting
• Selecting a topic
act of what is said. This effect is based
• Narrowing down a topic
on the particular context in which the
speech act was mentioned. • Gathering data

PERFORMATIVES Next:

- It is said by the right person under the • Selecting a speech pattern

right circumstances results in a change • Preparing an outline
in the world. • Creating the body of the speech
• Preparing the introduction
CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH ACTS • Preparing the conclusion
[ John Searle 1976] 3rd:
1. ASSERTIVE – is a type of • Editing and/or revising
illocutionary act in which the speaker
• Rehearsing
expresses belief about the truth of a
proposition. Suggesting, swearing, COMPONENTS OF SPEECH WRITING
boasting, and concluding. PROCESS
2. DIRECTIVE – in which the speaker
tries to make the addressee perform an AUDIENCE ANALYSIS - entails looking
action. Asking, ordering, requesting, into the profile of your target audience.
inviting, advising, and begging. The profile includes the following
3. COMMISIVE – which commits the information:
speaker to doing something in the
future. Promising, planning, vowing, • DEMOGRAPHY – (age range, male-
and betting. female ratio, educational background
4. EXPRESSIVE – which the speaker and affiliations or degree program
expresses his/her feelings or emotional taken, nationality, economic status,
reactions. Thanking, apologizing, academic or corporate designations)
welcoming, deploring. • SITUATION – (time, venue,
5. DECLARATION - which brings a occasion, and size)
change in the external situation. • PSYCHOLOGY – (values, beliefs,
Declarations bring into existence or attitudes, preferences, cultural and
cause the state of affairs which they racial ideologies and needs)
refer to. Blessing, firing, baptizing.
 ORAL COMMUNICATION
CASUAL – presents cause-effect relationships
[to inform]
PURPOSE – for writing and delivering the
speech can be classified into three- to inform, CHRONOLOGICAL – presents the idea in
to entertain, or to persuade. time order [to inform]
➢ INFORMATIVE SPEECH – COMPARISON/CONTRAST – presents
provides the audience with clear comparison/contrast of two or three points [to
understanding of the concept or idea inform, to persuade]
presented by the speaker.
PROBLEM/SOLUTION – presents an
➢ ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH –
identified problem, its causes, and
provides the audience with
recommended solutions [ to inform, to
amusement.
persuade]
➢ PERSUASIVE SPEECH – provides
the audience with well-argued ideas
that can influence their own beliefs
and decisions. OUTLINE – is a hierarchical list that shows
the relationships of your ideas. [experts in
TOPIC – is your main point, which can be public speaking state that once you outline s
determined once you have decided on your ready, two-thirds of your speech writing is
purpose. [if you are free to decide on a topic, finished]
choose one that really interests you]
BODY OF THE SPEECH – provides an
explanation, examples, or details that can help
you deliver your purpose and explain the main
NARROWING DOWN A TOPIC – means
idea of your speech.
making your own idea ore specific and
focused. [the strategies in selecting a topic can INTRODUCTION – is the foundation of your
be used when you narrow down a topic. speech. Your primary goal is to get the
attention of your audience and present subject
or main idea of your speech.
DATA GATHERING – is the stage where
CONCLUSION – restates the main idea of
you collect, ideas, information, sources, and
your speech. Furthermore, it provides a
references relevant or related to your specific
summary, emphasizes the message, and calls
topic.
for action.
EDITING/REVISING – your written speech
WRITING PATTERNS – in general, are involves correcting errors in mechanics, such
structures that will help you organize the ideas as grammar, punctuation, capitalization, unity,
related to your topic. coherence, and others.
REHEARSING – gives you an opportunity to
identify what works and what doesn’t work for
TYPES OF WRITING PATTERNS
you and for your target audience.
BIOGRAPHICAL - presents description of
your life or of a person, famous or not [ to
inform, to entertain] PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
CATEGORICAL/TOPICAL – presents PUBLIC SPEAKING – a good delivery
related categories supporting the topic [to means that you are capable and able to present
inform, to entertain, to persuade] your message in a clear, coherent, and
interesting way.
 ORAL COMMUNICATION
EXTOMPERANEOUS SPEECH 4. SPEAKING WITH A
MICROPHONE – its main function
- Speaking
is to increase the volume of your
- Guided by notes or outline
voice, not to clarify the pronunciation
- Delivered conversationally
and enunciation of words.
- Most popular type
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
5. SPEAKING WITH A PODIUJM
- Speaking without advanced
OR LECTERN – A podium or lectern
preparation
is a reading desk with a stand and a
- Unrehearsed speech
slanted top.
- Spoken conversationally
MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
- Speaking with advanced preparation
- Planned and rehearsed speech
- Reading aloud a written message
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE
MEMORIZED SPEECH STRATEGIES
- Speaking with advance preparation NOMINATION – A speaker carries out
- Planned and rehearsed speech nomination to collaboratively and productively
- Reciting a written message word-for- establish a topic.
word from memory
RESTRICTION – in a communication refers
DELIVERY FOR DIFFERENT to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
SITUATIONS
TURN-TAKING – sometimes people are
1. SPEAKING TO A SPECIFIC given unequal opportunities to talk because
AUDIENCE SIZE – audience size others take much time during the conversation.
depends on the venue size
TOPIC CONTROL – covers how procedural
formality affects the development of topic in
conversations.
2. SPEAKING IN AN OPEN-AIR
VENUE OR OUTSIDE A TOPIC SHIFTING – Involves moving from
BUILDING – examples are open one topic to another.
court or grounds, football fields,
farms, etc. REPAIR – refers to how speakers address the
problems in speaking, listening, and
comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation.
3. SPEAKING WITH DIFFEENT TERMINATION – refers to the conversation
VENUES – speaking venues that vary participants’ close-initiating expression that
according to size; classroom, meeting end a topic in a conversation.
or conference room, ball room, social
hall, auditorium, covered court, open
court, etc.