Components Of A Building
Ar. Gokul Krishnan, [Link]
Structural components Non-structural component
❖ Load bearing components. ❖ Architectural,mechanical and
These include: electrical components of a
• Foundations [Link] include:
• Plinth • Parapet walls
• Walls • Door & windows
• Columns • Furnishing fixture
• Floor • Tiles
• Slab • Paint
• Beam • Non load bearing partitions
• Roof • Pipe & electrical work
• Lintel & weather shade
Superstructure
•Structure from top of the plinth
to the top of the building
•Includes: walls, beams, columns,
window, doors etc..
Substructure
•Structure below the damp proof
course that includes ground floor
& foundation.
•Transfers the recived load from
superstructure to the foundation.
•Includes: Foundation ,pier &
abutment
[Link]
• Lowest part of a structure below the ground.
• Transfers the entire load of the building to the underlying soil.
• In order to build a good foundation there must be:
1. simultaneous action of foundation, superstructure and soil (i.e., all three
should act together).
2. One must consider and study the nature, strength and behaviour of
soil in the respective site.
• Foundations increase the stability of the structure against seismic, wind and lateral
loads
• A structure may need deep or shallow foundations depending upon the wall type.
WALL TYPE FOUNDATION
Load bearing walls Spread footing
Framed structure Independent column footing,
combined footing, rafts &piles
[Link]
• Plinth level is build between the wall and it’s foundation.
• The height of the plinth is about 300 - 400mm from ground level.
• FUNCTIONS:
[Link] a stable and strong base for the building .
[Link] building from collapsing during earthquakes.
[Link] the load of the walls.
[Link] dampness and moisture entry.
[Link]
• Carries load from the building and transfers it to the foundation
• Sound proofing
• Provides privacy, security and protection against adverse effects of
weather
• Building units of wall :
[Link] - brick masonry
[Link]- stone masonry
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Types of wall
Load bearing wall Non-loading bearing wall
[Link] concrete wall
[Link] wall
[Link] wall Parapet wall Cavity wall
[Link] panelized metal wall
[Link] wall
[Link] wall
Curtain wall Buttress wall
Partition wall Shear wall
Precast concrete wall Retaining wall
Pre panelized metal wall Parapet wall
[Link]
Pier Column
• Vertical load bearing member intended to transfer a compressive load
coming from beams and slabs.
• Compression member
• There are different types of columns based on the types of reinforcement,
loading, shape, construction material and slenderness ratio.
• Pier, is similar to a column but it increases the stiffness of the wall to carry
additional load and also strengthens the wall to resist the pressure without
buckling.
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[Link]
Athangudi tiles
• Main purpose: level division of a building ; creates more accommodation
on a given plot of land.
• Consists of two parts :
Sub floor : foundation beneath the flooring
material used for finishing.
Supports all loads.
Flooring : covering of desired specification (tile ,
terrazzo).
Provided over sub floor for aesthetic finishing.
Terrazzo
[Link]
• Horizontal structural component.
• They are supported by beams, columns & walls.
• Transfers load of a structure to beams and walls.
[Link]
Transfers load of slab to the columns
[Link]
• Uppermost component of a building.
• Protects from adverse weather.
• Consists of two components :
Roof decking : components that make up the framing of the roof.
ROOF TYPE COMPONENTS
Pitched roof Truss
Curved roof Shell/dome
Flat roof Flat slab
Roof covering / Terracing : in the form of tiles, AC sheets, GI sheets.
Curved roof AC Roofing
[Link] & WEATHER SHADE
• Lintel is a beam placed above doors and windows , it supports the load
from the structure above it.
Sunshade and lintels also serve as decorative
elements.
