Tutorial 1: Real Numbers and Sequences
Course Number : MA 105
Course Title : Calculus
Semester : Autumn 2018-19
1. Is there a rational number whose square is equal to 3?
2. Let A and B be nonempty subsets of R such that a ≤ b whenever a ∈ A and b ∈ B . Show
that A is bounded above, B is bounded below, and sup A ≤ inf B .
3. For a bounded function f : [a, b] → R, show that
sup | f | − inf | f | ≤ sup f − inf f ,
where | f | : [a, b] → R is defined as | f |(x) := | f (x)| ∀x ∈ R.
4. Let a ≤ b be real numbers. Are the following intervals bounded below/above?:
;, (a, b), [a, b), (a, b], [a, b], (a, ∞), [a, ∞), (−∞, b), (−∞, b] and R.
Find their sup, inf, max, min whenever they exist.
5. If lim a n = l 6= 0, show that there exists an n 0 ∈ N such that
n→∞
1 2
≤ ∀n ≥ n 0 .
|a n | |l |
6. Using only the definition of the convergence of a sequence, show that
10
(a) lim = 0 and
n→∞ n
n +1 n
µ ¶
(b) lim − = 0.
n→∞ n n +1
an
7. Let a ∈ R. Show that n! → 0.
n n
8. For n ∈ N, let c n :=
X
. Show that the sequence (c n ) is convergent, and find its
k=1 n2 + k
limit.
p p
9. Let a 1 := 2 and a n+1 := 2 + a n for n ∈ N. Show that the sequence (a n ) is convergent,
and find its limit.
10. Let a n := (−1)n ( 12 − n1 ) for n ∈ N. Is (a n ) convergent?
n 1
, n ∈ N. Show that a n is not a Cauchy sequence.
X
11. Let a n :=
i =1 i
1
Tutorial 2: Limits and Continuity
Course Number : MA 105
Course Title : Calculus
Semester : Autumn 2018-19
1. Let f : R → R be such that the lim f (x) exists for c ∈ R. Show that
x→c
lim [ f (c + x) − f (c − x)] = 0.
x→0
Analyze the converse.
2. Let f : R\{0} → R be such that
1
a) f (x) = sin
x
1
b) f (x) = x sin
x2
x
c) f (x) = .
|x|
Discuss about the existence of lim f (x) by using both the equivalent definitions, i.e.
x→0
sequential and ² − δ.
3. Define the Dirichlet function f : R → R as follows:
(
1 if x is rational,
f (x) :=
0 if x is irrational.
Show that there is no point r ∈ R such that lim f (x) exists.
x→r
4. Define the function f : R → R as follows:
(
x if x is rational,
f (x) := p
2 if x is irrational.
p
Show that f is continuous only at 2.
5. Let f : R → R be such that
x+2
bx+2c
if −1 ≤ x < 0
f (x) = 1 if x = 0
p4 − x
0 < x ≤ 1.
if
Show that the lim f (x) exists but f is not continuous at 0.
x→0
6. Let f : R → R satisfy f (x + y) = f (x) + f (y) for all x, y ∈ R. If f is continuous at 0, show
that f is continuous at every c ∈ R.
