Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE)
After this module personnel will
be able to…
• Identify the Four types of hazard
controls and rank them in order of
effectiveness
• Describe the basic types of PPE
• Describe the Five essential components
of PPE training
• Describe a situation where improper
knowledge or usage of PPE can create a
hazard exposure
Before we select PPE…
We need to understand and use other
protections in the hierarchy of risk controls
What is the Hierarchy of Risk
Controls?
Four approaches to controlling
hazards
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)

Elimination Administrative
Substitution Controls

Engineering
Controls

Can you rank them in order of effectiveness?

 Elimination
Substitution

Engineering
Controls

Administrative
Controls

Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)

Hazard Exposure
 Elimination
Elimination or Substitution
Substitution
Choose to not perform the Engineering
process or not to use a particular Controls
chemical agent.

Use a safer alternative chemical

Administrative
or process. Controls
This can include contracting or
seeking expert assistance from
Personal Protective
within UTK Equipment (PPE)

Hazard Exposure
 Elimination
Engineering Substitution
Controls Engineering
Shield or separate the user Controls
from the hazard

Examples: Administrative
• Machine Guarding Controls
• Ventilation
• Non-Sparking tools and
machines
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)

Hazard Exposure
Administrative Elimination
Controls Substitution
Behavior based means of preventing
exposure to a hazard. The critical Engineering
challenge is that the individual must
make the choice to follow them.
Controls
Examples include:
• Lab Rules
• Standard Operating Procedures
Administrative
(SOPs) Controls
• Chemical Hygiene Plan
• Technique Training
• Signage Personal Protective
• Temporary
• Permanent
Equipment (PPE)
• Leadership and example

Hazard Exposure
 Elimination
Substitution
PPE Engineering
Specialized clothing or equipment
worn by employees for protection Controls
against health and safety hazards.

• PPE is your last line of defense! Administrative

Controls
• Always consider
Elimination/Substitution,
Engineering and Administrative Personal Protective
Controls First!
Equipment (PPE)

Hazard Exposure
Personal Protective Equipment
Personal protective equipment includes all
clothing and other workplace accessories
designed to create a barrier against
workplace hazards.
Personal Protective Equipment
The standard specifically covers personal
protective equipment for eyes, face, head,
and extremities, protective clothing,
respiratory devices, protective shields and
barriers.
Personal Protective Equipment
Protection for:
• Eyes
• Hands
• Hearing
• Respiratory
• Head
• Foot
• Whole body
protection
Where to begin…
Assess workplace
• to determine if hazards are likely
to necessitate the use of (PPE)
If hazards are present the
employer shall:
• Select and have each affected
employee use appropriate PPE
for identified hazards
• Communicate selection
decisions
• Select PPE that fits each
employee
Employer Responsibilities
The standard requires that
the employer assess the
workplace to determine if
hazards that require the
use of personal protective
equipment are present or
are likely to be present.
Employer Responsibilities
If hazards or the likelihood of
hazards are found employers
must select and have
affected employees use
properly fitted personal
protective equipment suitable
for protection from existing
hazards.
Employer Responsibilities
• Using personal protective equipment
requires hazard awareness and training on
the part of the user.
• Employees must be aware that the
equipment does not eliminate the hazard.
• If the equipment fails, exposure will occur.
Employer Responsibilities
• To reduce the possibility of failure,
equipment must be properly fitted and
maintained in a clean and serviceable
condition.
• Both employer and employee must
understand the equipment’s purpose and
its limitations.
Identifying Hazards To Your
Body
• Impact
• Penetration
• Compression (roll-over)
• Chemicals
• Heat
• Harmful dust
• light radiation
Eye and Face Protection
General Requirements
Each affected employee shall use
appropriate eye or face protection when
exposed to eye or face hazards from flying
particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals,
acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or
vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation
Eye and Face Protection
• PPE :
• Safety Glasses
Goggles
• Face Shields
• Protection from:
• Flying particles Light
• Dust, Mist, Vapors
• Splash hazards
Chemical Exposure
Safety Spectacles
• Made with metal/plastic safety frames
• Most operations require side shields
• Used for moderate impact from particles
produced by such jobs as carpentry,
woodworking, grinding, and scaling
Goggles
• Protect eyes, eye sockets, and the facial area
immediately surrounding the eyes from impact,
dust, and splashes
• Some goggles fit over corrective lenses

Impact vs. Splash-Proof

Head Protection General
Requirements
• All head protection is designed to provide
protection from impact and penetration
hazards caused by falling objects.
• The employer shall ensure that each
affected employee wears a protective
helmet when working in areas where there
is a potential for injury to the head from
falling objects.
Head Protection
• PPE:
• Hard Hats (Electrical &
• Non- electrical rated)
• Welding helmets
• Protection from:
• Falling objects Impact
• Welding radiation &
By- products
Classes and Types of Hard Hats
• Type I hard hats - reduce force of impact
from a blow to the top of the head

• Type II hard hats - provide protection

against both side impact (lateral) and
blows to the top of the head
Classes and Types of Hard Hats
• Class G (old A) – General
• Tested to withstand 2200 volts

• Class E (old B) – Electrical

• Tested to withstand 20,000 volts

• Class C (old C) – Conductive

• No electrical protection
1910.135(b) Criteria for
protective helmets

• Protective helmets
shall comply with
ANSI Z89.1-1986

1910.135(b) Criteria for protective helmets

Foot Protection: General
Requirements
The employer shall ensure that each
affected employee uses protective footwear
when working in areas where there is a
danger of foot injuries due to falling or rolling
objects, or objects piercing the sole, and
where such employee’s feet are exposed to
electrical hazards
Foot protection
• PPE:
• Steel Toe Grip Tread
• Puncture Proof
Electrically rated
Chemical rating
• Protection from:
• Roll over Impact
• Puncture Electrical
Shock Chemical
exposure
Hand Protection: General
Requirements
Employers shall select and require
employees to use appropriate hand
protection when employees’ hands are
exposed to hazards such as those from skin
absorption of harmful substances; severe
cuts or lacerations; severe abrasions;
punctures; chemical burns; thermal burns;
and harmful temperature extremes.
Hand Protection
• PPE:
• Thermal protection
• (Hot/Cold)
• Cut resistant / Cut
Proof Electrically rated
Chemical Rated
• Protection from:
• Cuts Abrasions
• Burn / Freeze
• Chemical contact
Hand Protection

Choose the right

gloves for the job
• Disposable vs.
Reusable
• Latex vs. other
glove materials
• For non-chemical
work?
Remember the Hierarchy of
Controls
Personal protective equipment
should not be used as a
substitute for engineering, work
practice, and/or administrative
controls.

PPE should be used in

conjunction with these controls
to provide for employee safety
and health in the workplace.
Training Requirements
• The employer shall
provide training to each
employee who is
required by this section
to use PPE.
• Each such employee
shall be trained to know
at least the following:
Training Requirements
• When PPE is necessary;
• What PPE is necessary;
• How to properly don,
remove, adjust, and wear
PPE;
• The limitations of the
PPE;
• The proper care,
maintenance, useful life
and disposal of the PPE.
Training Requirements
• Each affected employee
shall demonstrate an
understanding of the
training specified in
paragraph (f)(1) of the
General Requirements
section,
• and the ability to use
PPE properly, before
being allowed to perform
work requiring the use of
PPE.
Employee Owned Equipment
Where employees provide
their own protective
equipment, the employer
shall be responsible to
assure its adequacy,
including proper
maintenance, and
sanitation of such
equipment.
Retraining
When the employer has reason to believe
that any affected employee who has already
been trained does not have the
understanding and skill required by
paragraph (f)(2) of the General requirements
section, the employer shall retrain each such
employee.
Retraining Is Required, But Not
Limited To:
• Changes in the workplace render training
obsolete;
• Changes in the types of PPE to be used
render training obsolete;
• Inadequacies in an affected employee’s
knowledge or use of assigned PPE
indicate that the employee has not
retained the requisite understanding or
skill.
Training Documentation
Employers are required to
certify in writing that training
has been carried out and
that employees understand
it. Each written certification
shall contain the name of
each employee trained, the
dates(s) of training, and
identify the subject certified.
PPE - Where In The Standard?
• General requirements • Electrical protective
CFR 1910.132 devices
CFR 1910.137
• Eye and Face
protection CFR • Hand protection
1910.133 CFR 1910.138
• Non-mandatory
• Respiratory protection guidelines
CFR 1910.134 CFR 1910 Subpart I
App A&B
• Head protection CFR
1910.135
Remember!
PPE devices alone
should not be relied on
to provide protection
against hazards, but
should be used in
conjunction with guards,
engineering controls,
and sound
manufacturing practice.