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Science – Grade 10
Learner Activity Sheets
Quarter 3 – Week 1: Human Reproductive System

First Edition, 2021

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Writer/s: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

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 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 10 Quarter 3 Week 1

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Name: ______________________________________________________ Section: _________________________

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male reproductive systems
(S10LT-IIIb-34)

Specific Learning Objectives:

1. Compare and contrast the parts of a male and female reproductive system and its function;
2. Determine the role of hormones in male and female reproductive systems; and
3. Recognize the importance of hormones in the male and female reproductive systems.

Time allotment: 4 hours

Key Concepts
▪ The human reproductive system, also referred to as the genital system, is made up of
organs involved are specialized for the production of offspring.
▪ Gonads, an organ that produces gametes, are present in both male and female reproductive
systems. During fertilization, a gamete, which is a haploid cell combines with another
gamete forming a single diploid cell called a zygote.
▪ Gonads are also accountable in the production of sex hormones. Sex hormones are
hormones that is in charge in the control of sex organs development before birth, in sexual
maturation at puberty, and in reproduction once sexual maturation has reached.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

▪ The male reproductive system is typically placed outside of the body. The external organs
include the penis, testicles, and scrotum. Internal organs include the vas deferens,
prostate, seminal vesicles and urethra. The male reproductive system is liable for sexual
function, as well as for urination.

Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/7343194/ Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/7343194/

Figure 1. Male Reproductive System (side view) Figure 2. Male Reproductive System (front view)

Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 Table 1. Male Reproductive Parts and Functions
Part Function
testis (or testicles, pl. testes) • produces sperm cells
• primary sex organs or gonads for male
scrotum • the sac that holds the testes and regulate the
temperature to protect the sperm cells
• main male organ for sexual intercourse
penis
• deposits sperm cells into the vagina during mating
• a tube that serves as the passage of sperm cells from
vas deferens
the testes to urethra
urethra • passage of sperm cells and urine out of the body
epididymis • serves as carrier and storage for the sperm cells that
are created in the testes
glands • provide liquid in which the sperm can swim
• secretes a fluid that makes up most of the component
seminal gland (vesicle)
of the semen
• secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is
prostate gland
discharged as part of the semen
• secretes a thick and clear mucus that lubricates and
bulbourethral gland
neutralizes the any trace of acidic urine in the
(Cowper’s gland)
urethra

▪ Semen is a whitish or greyish fluid that contains sperm. It is the accumulated fluids from
testes, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands. It is ejaculated through
the end of the penis when a person reaches orgasm.
▪ Sperm are immobile at body temperature; therefore, the testes are external to the body so
that a correct temperature is maintained for motility.
▪ When the penis erect, the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra thus allowing only semen
to be ejaculated at orgasm.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

▪ The female reproductive system also includes both external and internal structures. The
external female reproductive structures or the genital is twofold. It enables the sperm to
enter the body and it protects the internal genital organs from any infections to occur.

Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/4117574/ Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/4117574/

Figure 3. Female Reproductive System (side view) Figure 4. Female Reproductive System (front view)

Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 Table 2. Female Reproductive Parts and Functions
Part Function
ovary • produces egg cells and hormones
• primary sex organ or gonads for female
uterus (womb) • serves as home to a developing fetus
• serves as a channel for menstrual flow from the
uterus
vagina
• serves as passage for baby during childbirth
• receives the penis of male during mating
• serve as pathways for the ova or egg cell to travel from
the ovaries down to the uterus.
fallopian tube (oviduct)
• It is where the fertilization of an egg by a sperm
normally takes place
HORMONAL CONTROL OF REPRODUCTION

▪ Puberty is a period in which rapid physical growth and psychological changes occur until
sexual maturity is reached.
▪ On the onset of puberty, the human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by
the interaction of hormones between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with those
hormones from the reproductive tissues and organs.
▪ In both sexes, it is the hypothalamus that monitors and causes the release of hormones
from the pituitary gland. Hormones are chemicals accountable for the stimulation or
regulation of the cells’ and organs’ activity.

Table 3. Male Reproductive Hormones

Hormone Location Description of Function
• stimulates spermatogenesis
• promotes and regulates the development
testosterone interstitial cells
of secondary sexual characteristics
• associated with sex drive levels
follicle-stimulating • stimulates the production of sperm cells
pituitary gland
hormone (FSH) in the seminiferous tubules
• promotes the production of testosterone
luteinizing hormone (LH) pituitary gland
by the interstitial cells
gonadotropin-releasing
hypothalamus • stimulates secretion of FSH and LH
hormone (GnRH)
Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/9963421/

▪ The average onset puberty age for male is 11 or 12 years old.

▪ Androgen is any group of hormones that primarily influence the growth and development
of the male reproductive system. The major and most active androgen is testosterone that
is produced by the male testes. The other androgens serve as support to the functions of
testosterone that are produced mainly by the adrenal cortex are only in relatively small
quantities.

▪ Unlike the ovaries, the testes can retain the ability to make hormones. If a man stays
healthy, he may be able to make sperm well until his 80s or beyond. However, subtle
changes in the performance of the testes can happen as early as 45 to 50 years of age, and
more dramatically after the age of 70.

Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 ▪ For many men, hormone production may remain normal into old age, while others may
have declining hormone production earlier on. This can sometimes be an effect of an illness
such as diabetes.

Table 4. Female Reproductive Hormones

Hormone Location Description of Function
• inhibits growth of facial hairs
• initiates secondary sexual
estrogen follicle cell (ovary)
characteristics
• causes thickening of the endometrium
• inhibits ovulation,
corpus luteum • inhibits uterine contractions
progesterone
(ovary) • firms the cervix
• stimulates the endometrium
follicle-stimulating • stimulates the development of follicle
pituitary gland
hormone (FSH) cells in the ovary
luteinizing hormone • stimulates ovulation and the formation
pituitary gland
(LH) and maintenance of the corpus luteum
Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/9963421/

▪ Like the male reproductive system, female reproductive system is also dependent on
hormones. Female reproductive age or sexual maturity begins anywhere from 11 to 16
years of age and start to experience cycles of hormonal activity that repeat monthly.
▪ At birth, a female has approximately 1 million egg cells and when they reached puberty or
sexual maturity, only about 300,000 of those egg cells remain. During a woman’s
reproductive lifetime, only 300 to 400 will be ovulated. Due to decreasing number and
quality of the remaining eggs, fertility can drop as a woman grows older.
▪ Female experience monthly normal bleeding period called menstruation. This refers to the
periodic shedding of the uterine lining. Menstru means "monthly” thus leading to the term
menstrual cycle.
▪ For every cycle, a woman’s body prepares for a potential pregnancy. The average menstrual
cycle occurs for about 28 days and is divided into phases.
▪ Menstrual Cycle
In order to release estrogen, the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates the
ovaries. This high level of estrogen prevents the further production of FSH. Estrogen is also
responsible for stimulating the pituitary gland to the release of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
which controls the production of progesterone. High levels of progesterone then prevent the
further release of LH.
▪ Breastfeeding
The brain is the one in command of the mother’s body in order to breastfeed an
infant. The hormones prolactin and oxytocin are needed to produce milk. The sucking of
the infant at the breast of the mother is the stimulus needed for the milk secretion.
▪ Pregnancy and Child Birth
The correct balance of sex hormones progesterone and estrogen is essential
throughout pregnancy with levels gradually rising until the birth of the baby. Mood swings
can be very common until the mother’s body has adapted to the higher levels of these
hormones as they also act on the nervous system, specifically the brain. The level of oxytocin
will rise at the onset of labor that causes regular contractions of the womb and abdominal
muscles. Even after the baby was born, oxytocin continues to contract the womb to reduce

Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 the risk of bleeding and to help disconnect the placenta which is brought out shortly
afterwards.
▪ Menopause
Menopause is a term used to describe the end of a woman's normal menstrual
function and is marked by changes in hormone production that is when the woman's
ovaries stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone. A woman has reached the
menopausal stage when she has not had a period for one year. After this stage, a woman
can no longer have children.

TYPES OF REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE DISORDERS

▪ Reproductive hormone disorders occur when abnormal levels of estrogen and androgen sex
hormones develop that can cause infertility and other health issues. Estrogen is the primary
sex hormone for female and the androgen testosterone is the primary sex hormone for male,
however both men and women can have abnormal levels of either hormone that can cause:
Ovarian insufficiency is also called female hypogonadism, this occurs when a woman’s
ovaries no longer function properly before the age of 40 resulting to ovaries that do not
produce enough estrogen or the one that does not release eggs regularly that may cause
infertility, depression and osteoporosis.
Male hypogonadism is a condition that occurs when the testicles do not produce enough
testosterone, causing infertility, a decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and
loss of secondary male sex characteristics.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition in women when develop cysts on their ovaries
can cause hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated androgen levels, which cause
menstrual complications, fertility problems, and other health issues.

▪ The primary causes of sex hormone disorders include:

➢ Infections in the glands or organs
➢ Diseases
➢ Excessive alcohol consumption or drug use
➢ Injury to the testicles
➢ Surgical removal of the testicles
➢ Medications, which include steroids
➢ Hereditary factors
▪ Sex hormone disorders can also be caused by:
➢ Obesity
➢ Low body fat
➢ Other health problems
➢ Hormone supplements
➢ Thyroid problems
➢ Ovarian cysts
➢ Ovarian tumors

▪ It is important to understand that several glands and organs are involved in the production
of sex hormones. In case there will be problems with any one of these glands and organs
that will display different symptoms then it needs to be diagnosed and treated accordingly.

Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
Exercises / Activities

Activity 1. LET’S MAP IT OUT!

Objective: Compare and contrast the parts of a male and female reproductive system and its
function.
What you need: pencil and pen

What to do:
1. Complete the Venn diagram by writing the terms/statements presented in the box below.
2. Write the differences of the male and female reproductive system in the outside circle under
each description while the similarities in the overlapping part of the two circles.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

penis, testes, urethra, vas

produce 1 ovum (egg cell) testes as the primary sex
deferens, scrotum,
every month organ (gonad)
epididymis, glands
delivery of sperm into the
produces egg cell designed for nurturing a baby
female reproductive system
urethra conducts both urine with external and internal uterus, ovary, vagina,
and semen parts fallopian tubes
production of gametes stops urethra occurs separately continuously produces
with menopause from the vaginal opening gametes
produce approximately 1
testosterone estrogen and progesterone
billion sperm every month
produces luteinizing hormone
ovary as the primary sex
(LH) and follicle-stimulating produces sperm cell
organ (gonad)
hormone (FSH)

Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
Activity 2. IT’S A MATCH!
Objective: Determine the role of hormones in male and female reproductive systems.
What you need: pencil and pen

What to do:
1. Match the hormones in column A with their functions in column B. Write the letter of you
answer in the space provided before each number.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. progesterone A. stimulates spermatogenesis
2. estrogen B. inhibits growth of facial hairs
3. testosterone C. stimulates secretion of FSH and LH
4. gonadotropin-releasing hormone D. inhibits uterine contractions
E. stimulates ovulation and the formation and
5. follicle-stimulating hormone maintenance of the corpus luteum
F. stimulates the development of follicle cells

Activity 3. FILL IN THE BLANKS!

Objective: Recognize the importance of hormones in the male and female reproductive systems.
What you need: pencil and pen

What to do:
1. Complete the passage by filling up the correct term/s in its respective blank space.
2. This is a Cloze test which means that there is no other answer aside from the term/s taken
from the box below.
3. Term/s can be used more than once if needed.
ROLE OF HORMONES IN REPRODUCTION
___________________ are responsible for driving sexual maturity (___________________).
The main reproductive hormones are ___________________ and ___________________.
___________________is responsible for the eggs to mature in the ovaries once a girl hits puberty.
These mature eggs are then released at regular intervals during the ___________________ while
the ___________________ stimulates ___________________ production in males.
For both male and female reproductive system, it is the ___________________ that
monitors and causes the release of hormones from the ___________________. During
childbirth, the level of ___________________ will rise at the onset of labor that will cause regular
contractions of the womb and abdominal muscles. After the baby was born,
___________________ and ___________________ are needed to produce milk during breastfeeding.
___________________ occur when abnormal levels of estrogen and ___________________
develop that can cause ___________________ and other health issues.

Term/s to be used:
menstrual cycle hypothalamus
prolactin testosterone
infertility sex hormones
estrogen androgen sex hormones
pituitary gland oxytocin
puberty Reproductive Hormone disorder
sperm

Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
Reflection

Write 3-sentence answer analyzing the importance of a healthy lifestyle in maintaining

normal hormone production in the male and female reproductive systems. Write your answer in
the space provided.

Rubrics:

Score Indicators
3 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the concepts, and
has no misconception.
2 Practical application is scientifically explained consistent to the concepts, but
with minimal misconception.
1 Practical application is explained consistent to the concepts but with
misconceptions.

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References:
Web Sources:
“Male Reproductive System”. (November 23, 2020). Accessed on January 8, 2021. Retrieved from
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9117-male-reproductive-system

“Introduction to the Reproductive System”. (November 19, 2018). Accessed on January 8, 2021.
Retrieved from https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-human-biology/section/20.2/

Simmons, Stuart. “Hormonal Regulation of the Reproductive System”. Accessed on January 9,

2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/9963421/

“Female Reproductive System”. (January 19, 2019). Accessed on January 8, 2021. Retrieved from
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/9118-female-reproductive-system

“Types of Reproductive Hormone Disorders”. Accessed on January 8, 2021. Retrieved from

https://www.tgh.org/services/diabetes-endocrinology/types-endocrine-
disorders/reproductive-hormone-disorders

Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
“What is Sex Hormone Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment”. Accessed on
February 19, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.docdoc.com/medical-
information/conditions/sex-hormone-disorder

“Hormones in Human Reproduction”. Accessed on February 22, 2021. Retrieved from

https://www.yourhormones.info/students/topics/hormones-in-human-
reproduction/#:~:text=Key%20hormones,intervals%20during%20the%20menstrual%20cy
cle.

Image Sources:
Figure 1. The Male Reproductive System (side view). Slideplayer.com. Accessed January 17,
2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/7343194/

Figure 2. The Male Reproductive System (front view). Slideplayer.com. Accessed January 17,
2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/7343194/

Figure 3. The Female Reproductive System (side view). Slideplayer.com. Accessed January 17,
2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/4117574/

Figure 4. The Female Reproductive System (front view). Slideplayer.com. Accessed January 17,
2021. Retrieved from https://slideplayer.com/slide/4117574/

Answer Key

Activity 1: LET’S MAP IT OUT!

Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay

School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
email address: [email protected]
 email address: [email protected]
Division: DepEd Agusan del Sur
School/Station: Los Arcos National High School
Author: Iries Jane M. Concha-Calumbay
ROLE OF HORMONES IN REPRODUCTION
Sex hormones are responsible for driving sexual maturity (puberty). The main reproductive
hormones are estrogen and testosterone. Estrogen is responsible for the eggs to mature in the ovaries
once a girl hits puberty. These mature eggs are then released at regular intervals during the menstrual
cycle while the testosterone stimulates sperm production in males.
For both male and female reproductive system, it is the hypothalamus that monitors and causes
the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. During childbirth, the level of oxytocin will rise at the
onset of labor that will cause regular contractions of the womb and abdominal muscles. After the baby
was born, prolactin and oxytocin are needed to produce milk during breastfeeding.
Reproductive hormone disorders occur when abnormal levels of estrogen and androgen sex
hormones develop that can cause infertility and other health issues.
Activity 3: FILL IN THE BLANKS!
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. F
Activity 2: IT’S A MATCH!