work place environmental division

HAZCOM program
eighth edition ٢٠١٨

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 1

Environmental Protection Department
Workplace Environment Division
HAZCOM Program
Eighth Edition, ٢٠١٨
INTRODUCTION TO CHAT
Chemical Hazard Awareness Training or CHAT is a key element in
a comprehensive hazardous materials communication (HAZCOM)
program. This book provides reference information on the key
points of the program.
Participant objectives are to:
Become familiar with terms associated with hazardous
materials and found on the Chemical Hazard
Bulletin (CHB) and safety data sheet (SDS).
Increase awareness of sources of information about
hazardous materials and improve understanding.
Increase worker on-the-job health and safety.
Decrease those incidents and accidents related to
chemical hazards.
Keeping the above objectives in mind will benefit the worker, his
family, his co workers, his work site and Saudi Aramco.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 1

Table of Contents
Introduction to the HAZCOM Program 3
Visual Communication 8
The NFPA Rating System 22
Health Hazards 25
Fire and Reactivity Hazards 32
Chemical Hazard Bulletin (CHB) 39
Material Usage, Handling and Storage 44
Control Measures 48
Transportation Placards 59
First Aid 63
Glossary 65
HAZCOM Labelling Implementation Guide 71

2 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Section 1:
Introduction to the HAZCOM Program

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 3

Introduction:
The HAZCOM program provides a comprehensive system for the
communication of chemical hazards to facility management and
workers throughout Saudi Aramco. This objective is achieved
through the interconnected use of Chemical Hazard Awareness
Training (CHAT) and Train-the-Trainer (TTT), along with Chemical
Hazard Bulletins (CHBs), safety data sheets (SDS’s) and HAZCOM
labeling to provide guidance for working with hazardous materials
in a safe manner.
1.1 GI 150.100 is the HAZCOM G.I.
The six elements of HAZCOM are:
 Chemical Inventory (CI)
 Chemical Hazard Bulletin (CHB)
 HAZCOM labels
 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training (TTT and CHAT)
 Written HAZCOM Program
 Program Audit
1.2 Chemical Hazard Awareness Training (CHAT)
Objectives:
To provide workers with:
 A basic understanding of the six elements of the Saudi
Aramco HAZCOM program.
 Knowledge to correctly locate and identify specific
chemical hazards, using CHBs, SDS’s, labels, signs and
placards.
 An understand of the company hazard rating systems –
color coding and numerical values.

4 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

 Chemical
Inventory
(CI)

Written Training
Program (Chat,TTT)
GI 150.00
Hazardous
Materials
Communication
Program
Program Hazcom
Audit Label

Chjemical
Hazard
Bulletin
(CHB)

Figure 1: Hazardous Materials Communication Program elements

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 5

Figure 2: Identify materials and recognize the hazards before you
work

6 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

1.3 Industrial Hygiene (IH)
Industrial hygienists are scientific specialists committed to
protecting the health and safety of people in the workplace and
the community. IH is considered a science, but it is also an art that
involves judgment, creativity and human interaction. The goal
of the industrial hygienist is to keep workers, their families, and
the community healthy and safe. Industrial hygienists play a vital
role in ensuring that local, national, and international laws and
regulations are followed in the work environment.
The role of the industrial hygienist includes, but is not limited to
the following:
 Investigating and examining the workplace for hazards
and potential dangers.
 Making recommendations to improve the health
of workers in the workplace.
 Conducting scientific research to provide data on possible
harmful conditions in the workplace.
 Training and educating the workforce about job-related
risks.
 Advising government officials and participating in the
development of regulations to ensure the health and
safety of workers and their families.
 Ensuring that workers are following appropriate health
and safety procedures.
Employees can contact EPD/WED at the telephone numbers on
the bottom of the CHB. For specific information, call 880-9714
(Dhahran). Although CHBs are good information sources, specific
questions on hazardous material use may be complex and require
consultation with EPD/WED.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 7

Section 2:
Visual Communication

8 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Signs, Placards, Labels And Other Symbols
Visual aids such as signs, placards, symbols and labels are commonly
used to transmit important information about workplace hazards.
The aim of this section is to:
Familiarize workers with other methods of hazard warnings
 Color Codes
 Labels
 Signs
 Symbols or Icons

Distinguish between signs, labels and placards. Recognize three

types of labels:
 Manufacturer Labels
 Transportation Labels
 HAZCOM Labels

Explain:
 the relationship between field containers and
transportation containers
 the difference between bulk transportation and
transportation packages and
 the difference between a bulk placard and a package
label

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 9

2.1 Symbols: Are simple pictures that communicate information
without the need for written text. Most symbols follow common
conventions using colors and shapes to identify specific hazards.
NOTE: Symbols (pictures, icons, logos, etc.) are useful and simple
but not found with all labeling systems.
2.2 Color Convention: A color convention in safety has a
recognized meaning and order we often associate with traffic
lights. It is not a requirement but useful for signs and labels to
help people judge the level of risk.

DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION
SAFETY

Figure 3: A typical color convention

2.3 Signs: A sign is a piece of paper, fabric, plastic or similar material

placed in a location to warn or advise that some type of event is likely
to occur or instruct people that some action is either recommended
or mandatory.

Figure 4: Examples of hazard signs

Figure 4 shows several features of signs, which are intended to

attract attention by standing out from the normal view. These
include striped, use of contrasting colors, shapes and symbols.

10 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Figure 5: Fixed bulk storage tank sign using stenicilled letters

2.4 Definitions for shipping Labels and Placards:

 FIXED – Refers to nonmovable tank or container (that
cannot be used for transport).
 BULK – Large quantity containers or tanks of materials.
These may refer to fixed tanks on site or transportation
tankers. “Bulk” has been defined by the U.S. Department
of Transportation (DOT) as having a mass greater than
1000 pounds. This generally refers to any container
greater than a 55 gallon drum.
 PACKAGES – Transportation materials smaller than bulk;
usually one drum or smaller containers or packages.
 MARKINGS – Refers to lettered print and number
descriptions on transportation containers or vehicles
describing materials being transported.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 11

2.5 Labeling:
(A) Manufacturer
(B) Transportation
B.1 Transportation Label
B.2 Transportation placard
(C) HAZCOM Labels
Note the relationship between fixed containers and transportation
containers; the difference between bulk transportation and
transportation packages; and the difference between a sign and a
label.
Hazard labels are on small packages such as a drum or can
that may be color coded, usually consistent with NFPA 704 and
analogous to traffic lights.
Labels identify materials in specific containers. Hazardous material
labels provide hazard information on the specific material inside
the container.
A. Manufacturers Label
Materials come with a label from the manufacturer, which
identifies the material and contains various amounts of hazard
information. These labels may state only the product name,
manufacturer’s address and/or telephone number, or they may
meet all the requirements of a HAZCOM label as defined by the
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Regulation 29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication Regulation.
Some company labels can even surpass the minimum OSHA
standards. Such an example is the Baker Chemical Company
Labeling System for laboratory chemicals.

12 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Figure 6: Example of a manufacturer label

B. Transportation:
B.1 Transportation Hazard Label
Perhaps the most easily recognized hazard labels are the UN/DOT
transportation system hazard labels.
Packages are described as non-bulk quantities (single containers of
1 gallon, 5 gallon, 55 gallon drums) or boxes of smaller quan-
tities of hazardous materials (for example, a gross of 144
butane cigarette lighters in a package or box), which must be
identified by a 4 by 4 inch diamond shaped UN/DOT label of the
principal hazard. There should be at least two of each label on
a package on opposite sides to increase visibility. Refer to the
Transportation and Storage section of a CHB.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 13

Figure 7: Examples of United Nations 4”x 4” transportation
hazard labels

14 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Figure 8: Note the UN transportation hazard label (diamond)

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 15

Figure 9: Simplified labeling can improve identification

16 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Figure 10: Bulk tanks displaying a HAZCOM label as a sign

B.2 Transportation Placards

Another easily recognized identification system is the United

Nations Department of Transportation and International Maritime
Organization (UN/DOT/IMO) Transportation Placard and Labeling
System.
Placards serve the same purpose for transportation containers as
a sign does for fixed locations. These 11.5 by 11.5 inch diamonds
are placed on all four sides of tankers for identification. A four digit
number may identify the product and assist emergency responders
in the event of an accident or spill.
These placards will be covered in detail in Section 9 of this
handbook.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 17

Figure 11: Examples from the UN Placard and Labeling System

Class Color Symbol

1 Explosive Orange Exploding bomb

2.1 Flammable gas Red Flame
2.2 Nonflammable gas Green Cylinder

2.3 Poisonous gas White Skull and crossbones

3 Flammable liquid Red Flame
3 Combustible liquid Red Flame
(placard only)
4.1 Flammable solid Red / white Flame
vertical stripes
4.2 Spontaneously White over red Flame

4.3 Dangerous when wet Blue Flame

5.1 Oxidizer or oxygen Yellow Burning o
5.2 Organic peroxide Yellow Burning o
6.1 Poisonous substances White Skull and crossbones
6.2 Infectious substances White Biohazard symbol
7 Radioactive Yellow and white Acid eating
metal bar and hand
tissue

18 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

C. HAZCOM Label:
The HAZCOM label is an important part of Saudi Aramco’s
HAZCOM program. It is used to clearly label all chemicals used
at Saudi Aramco. The label alerts you to the hazards that may be
present and provides essential information in a standard format.
The Saudi Aramco Environmental Protection Department has
designed a simple and consistent HAZCOM label to be available for
improved hazardous materials communication. It uses colors and
icons and shows hazards and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Icons are symbols or pictures that denote specific PPE without
verbal description.

Figure 12: Saudi Aramco HAZCOM label

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 19

Figure 13: Saudi Aramco HAZCOM label exhibited on a drum

Figure 14: Use of a HAZCOM label as a sign for a bulk sulfuric

acid tank

20 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Figure 15: A package of bags

Figure 16: A pallet of drums

A container may be a drum or smaller container, or even a box

containing more than 1 gallon 4 liters or 3 kilograms total.
Small containers - Each small container of 1 gallon (4 liters) or less,
or weighing less than 3 kilograms, do not require HAZCOM labels
on the individual containers.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 21

Section 3:
The NFPA Rating System

22 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

The U.S. National Fire Protection Agency ratings spans four
categories; Fire, Reactivity, Health and Specific Hazards

Figure 17: NFPA rating diamond

The different hazard types are shown in a large diamond shape

with four smaller diamonds within it.
The numbers in the colored diamonds represent the degree of
hazard in each category. The higher the number the greater the
hazard.
The numbers range from zero to four, where zero means the
material is normal, stable or nonflammable, and four means the
material may be deadly, is highly reactive or has a very low flash
point.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 23

Figure 18: NFPA 704, an example

24 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Section 4:
Health Hazards

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 25

4.1 Health hazard warning signs may be seen in industry
warning employees of health hazards. These signs alert
employees to danger, so it is important to be able to
recognize hazard warnings and information sources such
as CHBs, SDS’s, labels, etc.
4.2 Descriptions of Chemical Health Hazard Ratings

4 Deadly: Can be lethal; e.g. H2S, hydrogen cyanide,

ethylene oxide

3 Extreme danger: Can cause serious or permanent injury;

e.g. HF acid, reactive gases, oxidizers, crystalline silica

2 Hazardous: Can cause temporary incapacitation or

residual injury; e.g. strong acids

1 Slightly hazardous: Can cause significant irritation; e.g.

oil, solvents, welding fume

0 Normal material: no hazard; e.g. sand

4.3 Toxicity associated with the physical state of materials

State of Material Example Health Effect

Gas Hydrogen sulfide Nuisance odor – Death,

dependent on concentration
and exposure time
Liquid Sulfuric acid Irritation – Local tissue
destruction on contact with
skin or eyes
Irritation – Local tissue
Solid Soda ash
destruction on contact with
skin or eyes

26 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

4.4 Warning Properties
If we sense any irritation, odor or taste, this is known as a warning
property of contact or exposure.
Sight, Touch, Smell, Taste, Hearing
4.5 Routes of Exposure
 INHALATION: Toxic materials may be inhaled into the
lungs by breathing vapor, gas, dust or mist.
 ABSORBTION: Toxic materials may be absorbed into
the skin or mucous membranes of the eyes and other
body organs with eye and skin contact.
 INGESTION: Toxic materials may be absorbed through
swallowing while eating, smoking or drinking.
 INJECTION: Toxic materials may be injected into or
through the skin, cuts and abrasions and pressurized
leaks.
4.6 Inhalation Exposure Limits
The inhalation of toxic chemicals should be limited as much as
possible. Exposure (contact) must be controlled below the
Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) and other exposure guidelines.
In severe cases, the correct respirator must be worn properly to
avoid inhalation overexposure.
Inhalation Concentration Terms:
 PPM — Parts per million parts of air by volume of
vapor, gas or other contaminant.
 mg/m3 — Milligrams weight per cubic meter volume of air.
 OVEREXPOSURE — Actual exposure of individuals to
chemicals above the exposure limits.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 27

What is a “part per million?” It is difficult to comprehend how
small concentrations expressed in parts per million really are.
Compare a 1 gallon can to a million gallon holding tank. The
gallon then represents one part per million (PPM). In fact, if you
stacked 10,000 of these 1 gallon cans all together, they can hold
only 1 percent of the holding tank! That is, there are 10,000

ONE
GALLON

Figure 19: Air mixture parts per million in persepctive

If you write parts per million in terms of percentage, then 0.015%

(150 PPM) H2S deadens your sense of smell. 0.1% (1000 PPM)
is FATAL ,and 4% (40.000 PPM) H2S in air may explode and burn.

Occupational Exposure Limits:

Threshold Limit Value - 8 hour time weighted

(TLV) or TLV-TWA Average limit

STEL or TLV-STEL - 15 minute time weighted

average limit

CEILING OR TLV-C - Maximum limit to exposure,

even instantaneously.

28 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

4.7 Systemic Toxin Definitions
Skin Notation: The potential for cutaneous absorption
of a listed material as identified by the American
Congress of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
Skin Absorbent: Same as the above definition
except if the identifying source is any other than ACGIH
(i.e., safety data sheet (SDS) or National
Health for Occupational Safety Health Institute (NI
OSH).
Acute: A descriptive word that refers to a type
of toxicity that occurs either immediately or very shortly
after exposure.
Chronic: A descriptive word that refers to toxicity
that is cumulative and occurs over time rather than
immediately (i.e., days, weeks, months or years).
4.8 Health Effect Definitions
Exposure: Contact with molecules of hazardous
materials.
Overexposure: Contact with molecules of hazard
ous materials in an amount or a duration that causes
injury.
Local Toxicity: Injury that occurs at the site of
contact. Local toxins affect only the body tissue directly
contacted by materials (i.e., strong mineral acids).
Systemic Toxicity: A bodily injury that occurs beyond
the site of contact. Systemic toxins are usually absorbed
through the skin, ingested, or inhaled. They travel
through the blood to susceptible target organs.
Local Skin: A primary, local and injurious reaction to
skin tissue contact (i.e., chemical burn). The most common
type of damage to the skin is redness and cracking due to
defatting of tissue. This can lead to dermatosis and skin
may not return to normal again.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 29

  SYSTEMIC SKIN: An injury that occurs when toxins are
absorbed through the skin enters the bloodstream and
causes injury to target organs.
4.9 Carcinogens (Cancer Causing Hazards)
Materials that are recognized to potentially cause cancer require
extremely careful handling with good exhaust ventilation such as
a fume hoods and zero target exposure. The International Agency
for Research on Cancer (IARC) organization classifies carcinogens
in five groups where 1 is the highest hazard and 4 the lowest.
 Group 1: “Carcinogenic to humans.” There is enough
evidence to conclude that exposure can cause cancer in
humans.
 Group 2A: “Probably carcinogenic to humans.” There
is strong evidence that exposure can cause cancer in
humans, but at present it is not conclusive.
 Group 2B: “Possibly carcinogenic to humans.” There is
some evidence that exposure can cause cancer in humans,
but at present the evidence is far from conclusive.
 Group 3: “Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in
humans.” There is no evidence at present that exposure
causes cancer in humans.
 Group 4: “Probably not carcinogenic to humans”
There is strong evidence that exposure does not cause
cancer in humans.
4.10 Local Toxin; Corrosives
A corrosive material destroys tissue or
metal on contact. An irritant causes pain or
discomfort and is considered often reversible.
An irritant may cause extreme discomfort
leading to disorientation and dangerous
responses such as temporary blindness.
Continued exposure to strong irritation may
lead to permanent tissue damage.

30 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

A primary irritant is determined by skin laboratory testing upon
exposure to skin and eyes. A primary irritant is an agent that
produces irritation, especially of the skin, on the first exposure to
it.
Toxicity due to corrosive properties or corrosion is related to
strength of acid or base.

increasing acidity neutral increasing basicity

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Figures 20: Acid / base pH scale

A pH below 7 is acidic with a high hydrogen ion (H+)

concentration, with 0 being pure acid (theoretical). The lower
the pH, the stronger the acid. Orange juice is acidic with a pH
around 3. But a material with a pH of 2 will be 10 times as
strong an acid as orange juice because the scale is logarithmic.
The acid pH range of 0 to 2 is most dangerous. A pH above 7 up
to 14 is known as basic or alkaline with a high hydroxide ion (OH)
concentration, with 14 being a pure base (theoretical). The higher
the pH, the stronger the base. The basic pH range of 12 to 14 is
most dangerous.
4.11 Sensitization.
Sensitizing materials may cause no early symptoms, but after
exposure to some threshold amount and time, an allergic type of
toxic reaction occurs. Once sensitized, employees may not be able
to work around this material again in case they suffer an
acute reaction.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 31

Section 3:
The NFPA Rating System

32 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

A material with dangerous physical properties such as a low flash
point, a low ignition temperature, or a wide flammable range,
or that has special properties such as heat or shock sensitivity, or
pyrophoric (spontaneously combustible) properties is classed as a
fire hazard.

5.1 Flammability Definitions:

Description:
Fire is a chemical reaction that occurs when three things are in the
correct proportion.

Ign

Any flammable or Ignites

combustible mixture
itio
el

ns
Fu

ou
rce

Oxygen
Oxygen in the air

Figure 21: The triangle of fire

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 33

Some commonly used terms:

Flash Point (FP) The temperature at which enough

vapor is generated to reach the
LEL. For example, methanol has
a flashpoint of 12˚C. Above this
temperature, the fire hazard is
most dangerous for methanol.

Lower Explosive Limit The lowest percentage of fuel in

(LEL) air in which there are sufficient fuel
molecules present in the air mixture
to ignite (fuel explosion).

Upper Explosive Limit The highest percentage of fuel

(UEL) in air in which there is sufficient
oxygen present to support
combustion (fuel explosion).

Flammable Range: The explosive range of vapor or

gas mixture in air between the LEL
and the UEL.

Ignition Temperature: The minimum temperature required

to ignite a combustible mixture of
a flammable vapor or gas in air. For
example, gasoline has an ignition
temperature of approximately.
600˚F. Any spark or ignition source
above this temperature will add to
the ignition leg of the triangle. If
the fuel and oxygen are in the right
proportions, a vapor explosion can
occur.
Example for H2S: LEL = 4.3% UEL = 46%

34 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

5.2 Descriptions of Chemical Fire Hazard Ratings

4 FP below 73°F / 23°C — Will vaporize and readily

burn at normal temperature (21°C)

3 FP below 100°F / 38°C — Can be ignited at almost all

ambient temperatures

2 FP above 100°F / 38°C — Must be heated or at

high ambient temperature to burn

1 FP above 200°F / 93°C — Must be preheated for

ignition to occur

0 Material will not burn, e.g., water

5.3 Additional definitions for the fire section of the CHB.

 Flammable: In Saudi Aramco FP < 100˚F (38˚C).

 Combustible: In Saudi Aramco FP > 100˚F (38˚C).

 Pyrophoric: A material that will ignite spontaneously

in contact with air. Otherwise stated, a material in which
the ignition temperature is below the ambient air
temperature.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 35

Every CHB contains information that describes which
firefighting media should be used.
Extinguish Fires With Dry Chemical, CO2, Foam Or Water Fog

Types of Fire Extinguisher

CO2 Dry Powder

Foam Water

Figure 22: Examples of fire extinguisher types

36 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Reactivity Hazard
Reactivity is the likelihood of a chemical reaction with the air or an
incompatible chemical, such as an oxidizer, contacting an organic
fuel source. The product of this reaction may give off a poison
or explosive gas, or may be an unstable liquid or solid, that
gives off large amounts of heat and more reaction. The product
may expand, and if contained without release, a catastrophic
pressure explosion may occur. Shock sensitive materials may
detonate from impact or heat. Proper storage, labeling and
containment prevent these dangers.
5.4 Descriptions of Chemical Reactivity Hazard Ratings

4 May detonate: Unstable and can explode or decompose,

e.g., styrene, acetylene

3 Shock and heat may detonate: High risk and can explode,
e.g., some acids, reactive gases and oxidizers

2 Violent chemical change: Incompatible and may react

violently, e.g., corrosives and strong acids

1 Unstable if heated: May react at higher temperatures,

e.g., oil

0 Stable: Material is stable, e.g., sand

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 37

Reactivity: A hazard rating of 4 would be extremely reactive and
possibly be shock sensitive.
Incompatibility: When two or more incompatible materials
are mixed, a dangerous reaction may occur. The reactivity rating
describes how likely a hazardous reaction is.
Incompatibles are materials that when mixed can result in a
chemical reaction with the following outcomes:
 Explosion
 Fire
 Release of explosive or toxic gas
 Displacement of air with possible asphyxiation
 Expansion in size from a reaction, leading to pressure
explosions in closed containers
 Generation of heat
5.5 Explosions or Explosive Reactions
Explosions are identified in terms of Detonation and
Deflagration as described in below.
Detonation: Explosions are generated by
materials that are shock or heat sensitive
and propagate a shock wave with a velocity
greater than the speed of sound (1100 feet
per second). A sonic boom may be heard.
Deflagration: Flammable vapor or gas
explosions propagating a shock wave
explosion with a velocity less than the
speed of sound. An example is the explosion
of gasoline vapor in a pit, with low
sound and a slow explosion.

38 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Section 6:
Chemical Hazard Bulletin (CHB)

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 39

Chemical Hazard Bulletins (CHBs) are a Saudi Aramco internal
docment, which are considered the primary source of chemical
hazard information for employees. CHB are available in English
and Arabic and structured in 7 sections, each one dealing with a
specific topic related to the hazards of the specific CHB subject
chemical.

Chemical Hazard Bulletin

CHB: 9

METHANOL
INGREDIENTS CAS NO % 8HR OEL
methanol 67-56-1 >98 262 mg/m3

NFPA Rating:
0: Minimum
1: Low
UN No: 1230
2: Moderate
Hazchem Code: •2WE
3: High
DG Class: 3
Subsidiary Risk: 6.1 4: Extreme
Packing Group: II
PROPERTIES
Poisons Schedule: S6

Liquid.
Mixes with water.Highly flammable.
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION EMERGENCY

Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. FIRST AID

Acute Health
Toxic: Danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in
Effects: If more than 15 mins from Doctor, INDUCE VOMITING (if conscious).
contact with skin and if swallowed.
Swallowed: Do NOT give milk or oil.
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE Do NOT give alcohol.
Eye: Wash with running water (15 mins). Medical attention.
Wipe-off with clean/dry cloth. Remove contaminated clothing. Wash
Skin:
with water & soap. MEDICAL ATTENTION.
Fresh air. Rest, keep warm. If breath shallow, give oxygen. Medical
Appropriate Inhaled:
attention.
engineering Local Exhaust Ventilation recommended.
controls: Advice To
Decontaminate with ipecac or lavage. Ethanol therapy.
Doctor:
Glasses: Consider chemical goggles.
Keep containers cool.
Gloves: 1.SARANEX-23 2.SARANEX-232-PLY
Fire Fighting: Water spray/ fog.
Type AX Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN Foam - alcohol type.
Respirator:
143:2000 & 149:2001, ANSI Z88 or national equivalent)
Spilled liquid has low temperature and evaporates quickly.
Restrictions on Storage apply. Refer to Full Report. Eliminate ignition sources.
Take precautionary measures against static discharges. Consider evacuation.
Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special Prevent from entering drains.
waste collection point. Contain spillage by any means.
Storage and Keep locked up. Control vapour with water spray/ fog.
Transportation: Keep out of reach of children. Spills and Absorb with dry agent.
Keep away from living quarters. Disposal: Stop leak if safe to do so.
Keep container in a well ventilated place. Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs. Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special
Keep away from sources of ignition. No smoking. waste collection point.
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE. This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way.
Vapours/gas heavier than air. To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use
Toxic smoke/fumes in a fire. water.
Fire/Explosion
Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
Hazard: SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special
waste collection point.
In case of fire and/or explosion, DO NOT BREATHE FUMES.

Flammable Explosive Toxic Radioactive Oxidizing

x x x x x
x — Must not be stored together

For further information call Environmental Protection: 880-9714 (DH) or 427-1535 (JID). For proper disposal methods and locations for the
chemical or chemical contaminated material, contact the Environmental Engineering Division on 880-9754

Figure 23: The seven sections of the CHB

6.1 Heading
The CHB heading summarizes the composition of the chemical
and ingredients (if a mixture). It also shows relevant occupation
exposure limits.

40 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

6.2 NFPA Rating
The NFPA rating section shows the NPFA hazard ratings that apply
to the chemical. It also gives information on transportation and
packaging. Most of the information in this section is primarily
intended for first responders.
United Nations (UN) Number: This is a four digit number that
is found on transportation placards and markings. It identifies
approximately 3000 specific materials and classifications that
relate to Emergency Response Guides (GUIDE) published in 2000
by the United States Department of Transportation (DOT). This is a
useful guide for emergency response.
The Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) registration number is a
unique identifier for each chemical.
The HAZCHEM Emergency Action Code (EAC) is used at Saudi
Aramco as a guide for emergency responders in the event of
a large spill, release or incident involving specific hazardous
materials.
6.3 Properties
The Properties section provider information about the physical
and chemical nature of the substance and how it behaves in the
presence of other materials.
The properties section may also show one or more of the
properties icons.

Figure 24: Examples of properties icons

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 41

6.4 Health Hazard information
The Health Hazard Information section describes how the chemical
may affect a persons health in the short-term (acute) and
long-term (chronic) The Health Hazard Information section may
also show one or more of the risk phrase (health) or target organ
icons.

Figure 25: Examples of target organ and health hazard icons

6.5 Safe Storage

The Safe Storage section discribes whether the chemical is a fire
hazard and the degree of the fire hazard. It also discribes how the
chemical may react with other chemicals. The Safe Storage section
may also show one or more of the hazards and/or storage icons.

Figure 26: Examples of hazard and storage icons

A standard document to refer to for additional information

on the proper and recommended use and storage of hazardous
materials is OSHA Regulation 29 CFR 1910.101 to 1910.111.

42 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

6.6 Precautions for use
The Precautions for Use section provides information on how
to store the chemical, recommended PPE and environmental
considerations. The Precautions for Use section may also show one
or more of the controls (PPE) and/or engineering controls, and/or
safe handling icons.

Figure 27: Examples of precautions and safe handling icons

6.7 Emergency
The Emergency section provides information on first aid, firefighting,
spillage and disposal. The Emergency section may also show one or
more of the Incase of fire and/or first aid icons.

Figure 28: Examples of incase of fire and first aid icons

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 43

Section 7:
Material Usage, Handling and Storage

44 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

7.1 Material Usage
There are two usage concepts.
A. What is the product used for?
B. What are the proper uses and precautions? These statements
may follow. One or more icons may also be used to indicated safe
handling and recommended workplace controls.
General statement of specific use
Use adequate ventilation
No smoking
Do not breathe vapors, dust or mist
Grounding and bonding when transferring meterials

Figure 29: A board displaying Saudi Aramco Chemical Hazard

Bulletins (CHBs)

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 45

Figure 30: Example of electropotential bonding during
transfer of liquids

7.2 Storage
Depending on the material, storage requirements may include:
 Store in a well ventilated, cool, dry area, away from
ignition sources.
 Keep containers labeled, upright and tightly closed when
not in use.
 DO NOT store in direct sunlight.
 Avoid storage near incompatible material.
Safe storage conditions may include defining:
 Ventilation
 Grounding and bonding
 Explosion proof wiring
 Maximum temperatures
 Incompatibles materials which must be separated in storage
 Signs to display warnings about storage areas

46 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

7.3 Transport
This section should identify transportation hazard diamond required
on placards.
 For transportation, label packages with DOT-IMO Class 3,
hazardous warning labels (diamond): FLAMMABLE LIQUID.

 For transportation, packages do not require DOT-IMO

hazardous warning labels (diamond).
DOT stands for the U.S. Department of Transportation System and
IMO stands for the International Maritime Organization System.
This is covered in detail in Lesson 2, adopted by the UN Hazardous
Materials Transportation System.
7.4 Spills / Leaks
If a spill or leak occurs:
 Evacuate all unnecessary personnel

 Shut off sources of ignition

 Stop the flow if it can be done safely

 Dike to prevent entry into sewer

 Absorb with sand and place in a clean, dry, closed

container and label

Small spills and leaks require fewer precautions and PPE

recommendations depend upon the size (quantity of material) of
the spill. It may be necessary to consult an industrial hygienist.
7.5 Disposal
For proper disposal methods and locations for chemical or chemical
contaminated material, contact the Environmental Engineering
Division of the Environmental Protection Department at 880-9754.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 47

Section 8:
Control Measures

48 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

8.1 The Hierarchy of Control
The hierarchy of control is an internationally accepted system for
eliminating or attenuating hazards. The basic concept is that the
upper actions of the hierachy are more error proof and will have a
higher propensity to “fail safe” while the lower actions require a
greater degree of ongoing active management and are, therefore,
more error prone. The hierarchy is:

Figure 31: The hierarchy of control

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 49

  ELIMINATION … Remove the hazard.
 SUBSTITUTION … Use alternative chemicals.
 ENGINEERING … Closed loop processes,
ventilation, chemical fume hoods, vapor recovery and
automated systems.
 ADMINISTRATIVE … job rotation … share the exposure.
 BEHAVIORAL … education, incentive and empowerment.
 PPE … temporary contingency or last resort.
8.2 Elimination
Elimination of the hazard is the most effective control. However,
it is also the most difficult to achieve in practice and often requires
step changes in technology to provide a viable alternative.
Outsourcing a task is not a form of elimination though it is often
mistaken to be.
8.2 Substitution
Substitution is the act of replacing a hazardous material or process,
with a less hazardous alternative that achieves comparable results
with no significant increase in cost. In practice, substitution is
difficult to achieve in process operations as these are usually
optimized for the plant in which they run, and any changes
may incur significant engineering changes to accommodate
alternatives. Most substitutions tend to occur in maintenance and
cleaning operations.
8.3 Engineering
Engineering controls are a common form of hazard attenuation.
For chemical processes, this may include but is not limited to the
following:

 Local Exhaust Ventilation (Lev) — Used to control dust

or vapor concentrations to below occupational exposure
limits (OELs). Workplace contaminants are extracted
from the air and exhausted to the atmosphere, or filtered
and recycled to the workplace. The method used depends
on the contaminant. Welding fume extraction systems are
a common example of LEV.
50 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training
8.3 Engineering (continued)

 Full Or Partial Enclosure – Used to contain

potential workplace contaminants and prevent them
escaping to the workplace. Enclosures are often used in
conjunction with LEV. A paint spraying booth is an
example of an enclosure with LEV.
 Segregation – A form of containment, which
places a physical barrier between the worker and the
work piece. A laboratory glove box is an example of
segregation.
 Automation – Removes the worker from the task
completely. Robotic arms are an example of automation.
However, maintenance workers may still be exposed.
 Closed Loop Systems – A common form of
engineering control in the process industries such as oil,
gas and petrochemical. These systems are a form of
enclosure but serve a dual function by protecting the
worker and the product by preventing contaminants
escaping or infilatrating the process. Bulk process additive
tanks and automated dosing technology are often
included in closed loop processes and may significantly
reduce chemical handling.
It is not uncommon to find more than one of the above
engineering controls used simultaneously.
8.4 Administrative
Rotating workers between two or more tasks is an example of
an administrative control. This is usually adopted when there is
a residual level of a workplace contaminant requiring the use
of PPE. In such situations, the administrative controls are aimed
at improving overall worker comfort by sharing the PPE burden
among two or more workers. Administrative controls are also
employed in emergency situations and confined space entry
procedures.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 51

8.5 Behavioral
Behavioral controls are intended to change the behavior of
workers by encouraging safe working practices. These include
following correct work procedures, using PPE, reporting unsafe
acts and conditions and encouraging cowokers to adopt the same
behaviors.
8.6 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE is often listed as the last point in the hierarchy of control. It
may be the first action that people take when the level of risk is
undetermined. Wherever possible, work tasks should be designed
to eliminate the need for PPE. When PPE is used the task should be
assessed carefully and the correct PPE chosen. This is especially so
for respirators and gloves. In real-world situations, PPE may be the
only practical solution.
Care should be exercised when selecting PPE to ensure it is
adequate for the chemical of concern. This is particularly important
when selecting respirators or gloves. Also, the amount of chemical
used and the actual exposure time may be important factors in
determining the correct PPE.
The Environmental Protection Department can provide further
advise on selection, use and care of PPE.
Use Confined Space Procedures If Conditions Apply

52 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Figure 32: Employee wearing SCBA.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 53

Figure 33: Employee assisting another to don PPE at a plant

54 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

8.6.1 Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)
Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is a subcategory of PPE.
When working with airborne chemical vapors, gases and aerosols
(dust, mist or droplets suspended in air), RPE may be required
under certain circumstances such as accidental release, unplanned
maintenance work or where there is a concern over airborne
emissions. Selection of the correct RPE is important to ensure the
wearer is adequately protected.
RPE can be divided into two main types:
 SCBA – Self contained breathing apparatus
 APR – Air purifying respirator
An SCBA should be used only by trained personnel. Because it has
its own dedicated air supply, an SCBA provides the wearer with
protection for a wide range of chemicals in all physical forms.
An APR should also be used only by trained personnel, but it must
also be selected for specific contaminant groups. Generally, these
groups are:
 Acid Gas – e.g., sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide
 Organic Vapor – e.g., benzene, toluene and xylene,
 Aqueous Vapor – e.g., ammonia and methylamine
 Specific Vapor/Gas – e.g., mercury and chlorine gas
 Particulate – e.g., HEPA cartridge for asbestos fibers,
dusts mists fumes and paint spray
In some cirumstances, the contaminants will be mixed, e.g., paint
spray, which contains solvent vapor and paint pigment particles.
Therefore, a combination of appropriately matched catridges and
filters is required.
Single use disposable respirators are recommended only for
nuisance dust and odor.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 55

8.6.2 Chemical Resistant Gloves
Gloves prevent skin contact with chemicals. When selecting a glove,
factors to consider include:
 Glove Size – Human hands vary considerably
 Chemical Resistance – Chemicals may affect glove
materials
 Physical Resitance – Protection against cuts,
abarasions and punctures
 Dexterity – The wearer must be able to manipulate
tools and work equipment
Selecting a glove that is suitable for the chemical being handled is
essential. No single chemical resistant glove can cover every type of
chemical and the wrong choice of glove can actually increase the
risk to the wearer.
Chemical resistant gloves can fail in several ways, which can go
unnoticed by the user. Wherever possible, a glove should offer full
shift protection or a changeout regime should be developed and
communicated to wearers.
Glove failure modes include:
 Permeation: In permeation, chemical molecules
(usually in liquid form) contact the outer surface of
the glove (adsorpbtion), slowly pass through the glove
(diffusion) and contact the hand inside (desorption).
This can be avoided by limiting the time the gloves
contact the chemical, particularly when the gloves are
immersed in liquid chemicals.
 Penetration: Occurs when a cut, tear or puncture
physically allows the chemical to enter the glove.
 Degradation: Occurs when the glove material is
gradually attacked and destroyed by the chemical or
by physical conditions such as excessive heat or cold.

56 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Figure 34: Wear chemical protective equipment at work when
chemical hazards are present

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 57

Figure 35: Know the location of safety equipment

58 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Section 9:
Transportation Placards

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 59

Large signs or placards are required on bulk containers by
international law before hazardous materials are transported
between countries. Many countries have adopted a standard
from the U.S. Department of Transportation, which has also been
adopted by the United Nations and the International Maritime
Organization. This is known as the UN/DOT/IMO standard.
9.1 Hazard Warning Panel
The hazard warning panel is intended for display on vehicles
carrying bulk chemicals. This can be in a single bulk tank, multiple
tanks or smaller containers, e.g., drums, cans or bottles. The panel
contains information intended primarily for emergency responders.
This system benefits the general public and the environment by:
 Facilitating a quicker and safer emergency response in
case of spills.
 Improving safety in the transportation and delivery of
hazardous materials and bulk chemicals.

Figure 36: Example of a blank hazard warning panel

60 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Figure 37: Example of a hazard warning panel in use

9.2 The Globally Harmonized System (GHS)

The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of the Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was initiated at the UN Conference
on the Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It
aims, among other goals, to harmonize the classification and the
hazard communication elements of chemicals (labeling and safety
data sheets). The first version became available in 2003. Regular
updates should take place every 2 years. GHS harmonizes most
classification criteria for supply and transportation and is based on
the intrinsic properties of substances. The GHS allows individual
countries or regions to implement building blocks at their own
discretion. The building blocks, however, may not be altered.
Additionally there is room for Competent Authority Options and
special limits for the communication of components in mixtures.
9.3 Implementing GHS in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Aramco took a leading role in the GHS by representing
the Ministry of Petroleum in the main national committee.
Saudi Arabia is issuing the final standards on bulk chemicals
transportation implemented Kingdomwide. These include:
 Chemical emergency action codes and ID numbers
 Specific hazard warning panels
 Chemical emergency action codes with Arabic
translation

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 61

Old New

Corrosive

Flammable

Irritant

Acute Toxicity

Oxidizer

Explosive

Environmental
Hazard

Compressed Gas

Respiratory Hazard

Figure 38: Existing hazard signs and GHS equivalents

62 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Section 10:
First Aid

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 63

Employees will recognize that the first thing to do when a person
is injured and hazardous materials are involved is to alert help,
ensure the person can be served safely and only provide first aid
if they are trained and qualified to administer it. The following
common statements are found on CHBs regarding first aid.
Get Medical Aid Immediately (Call 911)
10.1 Inhalation casualty
Move the affected person to fresh air
Keep the person warm and calm
If breathing has stopped, provide cardio-pulmonary
resuscitation (CPR)
10.2 Eye/Skin contact casualty
Flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15
minutes. Lift the eyelids occasionally.
Wash the skin thoroughly with water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes promptly, and
wash clothing before re-use.
10.3 Ingestion casualty
DO NOT induce vomiting. Aspiration of material into
the lungs due to vomiting can cause complications,
which can be fatal.
If conscious, drink one to two glasses of water to dilute.
Keep the person warm and quiet.
Never give fluids to an unconscious person or person
having difficulty breathing.

64 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Glossary

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 65

  Acute toxicity: An immediate response, or a very short time
after exposure until the toxic response.
 APR: Air purifying respirator.
 Asphyxiation: Suffocation or the lack of adequate oxygen
to sustain life.
 Bulk: Large quantity containers or tanks of materials. These
may refer to fixed tanks on site or transportation tankers.
Bulk has been defined by th U.S. DOT as a container of
materials having mass greater than 1000 pounds.
 Carcinogen (or carcinogenic): Cancer causing materials,
which are recognized to knowingly or potentially cause
cancer.
 CAS. No.: The Chemical Abstract System Registration
Number identifies materials to the Chemical Society.
 Ceiling limit or OEL-C: Maximum vapor concentration limit
to inhalation exposure, even instantaneously.
 Chemical protective clothing (CPC): Includes chemically
resistant clothing that act as barriers to contact.
 Chemical safety equipment: Includes chemical protective
equipment such as goggles and respirators.
 Chronic toxicity: Delayed response, or a long time (days,
weeks, months or years) after exposure or accumulated
exposure until the toxic response.
 Combustible: Materials in Saudi Aramco with a flash point
(FP) greater than >100F˚ (38˚C).
 Corrosive: A material that destroys tissue or metal on
contact.

66 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

 Cyanosis: A bluish discoloration, especially in the skin and
mucous membranes due to reduced hemoglobin in the
blood (lack of oxygen at the tissue level).
 DOT: Department of U.S. Transportation.
 Deflagration: Flammable vapor or gas explosions
propagating a shock wave explosion with a velocity less than
the speed of sound.
 Dermatitis or dermatosis: This skin condition or disease
may be caused by chemical contact and, once it occurs the
skin may never return to being normal, healthy skin.
 Detonation: An explosion including materials that are shock
sensitive and propagate a shock wave with a greater velocity
than the speed of sound at1100 feet per second. A sonic
boom may be heard.
 Engineering controls: Specially designed or “engineered”
equipment or systems that protects workers from contact
with hazardous vapors, liquids or solids.
 Explosion: Extremely energetic and fast chemical reaction
identified in terms of a detonation and a deflagration.
 Exposure: To come in contact with molecules of hazardous
materials.
 Fixed: Nonmovable tank or container (not used to
transport).
 Flammable: Materials at Saudi Aramco with a flash point
(FP) less than (<) 100˚F (38˚C).
 Flammable range: The explosive range of vapor or gas
mixture in air between the LEL and the UEL.
 Flash Point: The temperature at which enough vapor is
generated to reach the LEL. Above this temperature, the fire
hazard is most dangerous.
 Hazardous material: Any material, which may cause

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 67

 adverse health and safety effects to individuals and property.
This includes most liquids, gases and solid particulate
materials, but excludes foods and medical regulated
substances. Includes any chemical, compound, mixture,
substance, dangerous substance or chemical product.
 Ignition temperature: The minimum energy (temperature)
for which there is sufficient energy to ignite a combustible
mixture of a flammable vapor or gas in air.
 IMO: International Maritime Organization.
 Incompatibility: When two or more incompatible materials
are mixed, a dangerous reaction will occur. Reactivity
defines the hazardous reaction that is likely.
 Irritant: Causes pain or discomfort and is often considered
reversible. An irritant may cause extreme discomfort leading
to disorientation and dangerous responses such as
temporary blindness. Continued exposure to strong irritation
may lead to permanent tissue damage.
 Local skin: A primary local reaction to skin contact would
be destructive to skin tissue on first contact, for example, a
severe chemical burn. The most common skin damage is
dryness, redness and cracking of the skin due to defatting of
tissue. Severe cases of this has led to skin damage and
disease known as dermatitis or dermatosis.
 Local toxicity (site of contact): Local toxins affect only
the body tissue directly contacted by materials, such as many
mineral acids.
 Lower respiratory tract: Includes the bronchioles of the
lungs to the alveoli, and air sacks of the lung.
 Markings: Lettered print and number descriptions on
transportation containers or vehicles describing materials
being transported.

68 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

 mg/m3: Milligrams weight per cubic meter volume of air.
 Overexposure: Contact with hazardous materials in amount
and time that causes injury.
 Packages: Transportation containers that hold a mass less
than bulk (1000 pounds).
 PPM: Parts per Million parts of air by volume of vapor or gas.
 Personal protective equipment (PPE): Includes respiratory
protective equipment (RPE), chemical protective clothing
(CPC) and gloves.
 Primary irritant: An agent that produces irritation,
especially of the skin, on the first exposure to it.
 Pulmonary edema: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in
the lungs. Fluid in the tissue and air spaces due to capillary
pressure, permeability or damage. It may be characterized
by difficulty breathing, volumes of pink serous fluid if inter-
alveolar, and cyanosis if severe.
 Pyrophoric: A material that will ignite spontaneously upon
contact with air. Alternatively decribed as material in
which the ignition temperature is below the ambient air
temperature.
 Reactivity: Likelihood of an explosion or hazardous chemical
reaction to occur when mixed with incompatible materials,
or when safe storage or handling conditions are not
practiced.
 RPE: Respiratory protective equipment. Includes APR and
supplied air breathing apparatus.
 Respiratory tract: Consists of an upper and lower region
and is the area of air flow into and out of the lungs.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 69

  Safety equipment: Includes hard hats; safety glasses;
electrical gloves; safety shoes and boots; heat protective
clothing; and chemical safety equipment (chemical
protective equipment such as goggles and respirators); and
chemical protective clothing (CPC) such as boots, gloves and
clothing.
 SCBA: Self-contained breathing apparatus.
 Sensitization: Sensitizing materials may cause no early
symptoms, but after exposure to some threshold amount
and time, an allergic type of toxic reaction occurs.
 Short term exposure limit: STEL or TLV-STEL. A 15
minute time-weighted average inhalation concentration
limit.
 Skin absorbent: A skin absorb hazardous material is
identified by a source other than ACGIH (such as SDS or
other data source, NIOSH, etc.) that toxic amounts may be
readily absorbed through the skin.
 Skin notation: The ACGIH defines skin notation as a
listed material identified as toxic amounts that may be readily
absorbed through the skin. Additional PPE for barrier
protection, including gloves and splash protection, is
recommended for these materials.

70 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

HAZCOM Labelling Implementation
Guide

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 71

1. The HAZCOM label is one key element of the HAZCOM
program implementation plan. The label identifies the material
and alerts employees to major hazards associated with the
chemical in the container.
2. The HAZCOM label provides essential precautionary handling
information on safety, health and fire prevention. All <1 gallon
portable hazardous chemical containers (e.g., drums) and
stationary chemical storage tanks will have a HAZCOM label or
signs.
3. The HAZCOM label will be used in conjunction with a Chemical
Hazard Bulletin (CHB). The CHB should be displayed in the area for
more detailed information.
Size: The following standard sizes will be followed:
1. For 35–200 gallon drum or containers: 20 cm X 40 cm for
combined English & Arabic.
2. For 1–34 gallon containers: 12 cm x 24 cm for combined
English and Arabic

Placing the Label:

1. The proponent organization will assign an individual to be
responsible for placing the HAZCOM label. This will provide
uniformity and consistency of label implementation as well as
prevent any potential error.
2. Until applied to containers, HAZCOM labels should be stored in
a cool, dry, clean and ventilated area.

72 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

3. One HAZCOM label is required on each container.
4. No HAZCOM label is required for a gas cylinder, but a HAZCOM
label sign and the CHB should be located in the area in which
cylinders are stored.
5. Before applying a HAZCOM label to a container, check for
any conflicts in the labeling. There must be the same name
as the name on the manufacturers label or stencil. There must
be no conflict in all the labeling. If any label does not refer
to the same chemical, a HAZCOM label must not be attached
and the appropriate HAZCOM label must be acquired. No
HAZCOM label may be applied to unlabeled or unknown
material until the material is positively identified as the material
on the HAZCOM label.
6. The area to place the label must be located and properly
prepared (cleaned, dried, etc.) on the container surface
so that if stays in place. The HAZCOM label should not cover
the manufacturers label or transportation (diamond)
hazard label, or stenciled identification.
7. The label must be placed carefully (squarely, level and smoothly)
on a properly prepared (cleaned and dried, etc.) container
surface, avoiding wrinkles in a location where it is easily seen.
The label should be on the upper 2/3 of the container, not
at the very bottom, unless there is no other option, and then
only with approval. The HAZCOM label should not cover the
manufacturer’s label or the transportation (diamond) hazard
label or stenciled identification.
8. Small containers (each small container less than 1 gallon (4
liters) or 3 kilograms do not require HAZCOM labels.
9. For materials shipped in packages from the Materials Supply
Organization (MSO), at least one HAZCOM label should be
attached to at least two (2) sides of the package.
10. For site storage, one HAZCOM label should be attached to
each container stored. The container may be a drum or smaller
container, or even a box containing more than 1 gallon
4 liters or three 3 kilograms in total.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 73

11. The HAZCOM label will be used with a CHB. The CHB should
be displayed in the area for more detailed information.

The label or stencil must have the manufacturer’s label or an

appropriate name. Never apply a HAZCOM label to any material
that has not been positively identified.

The location for the label must be cleaned properly and dried for
the label to adhere.

74 Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

The label must be placed carefully (squarely, level and smoothly)
on the container surface avoiding wrinkles, and in a location
where it is easily seen. The Label should be on the upper 2/3 of
the container, unless there is no other option, and then only with
approval. The HAZCOM label should not cover the manufacturer’s
label or the transportation (diamond) hazard label or a stenciled
identification.

For materials shipped in packages from the material services, at

least one HAZCOM label should be attached to two of the four
sides of the package. For site storage, one HAZCOM label should
be attached to each container stored by the site personnel.

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training 75

CAL HAZARD AWARENESS TRAINING FOR “TRAIN THE TRAINER” 159
e Incompatibility Chart

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

76
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
yright © 2006 Saudi Aramco - All Rights Reserved. No portion of this material may be reproduced, by any process or
technique, without the express written consent of Saudi Aramco.
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
 NFPA Ratings 37

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

77
Copyright © 2006 Saudi Aramco - All Rights Reserved. No portion of this material may be reproduced, by any process or
technique, without the express written consent of Saudi Aramco.
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use
 NFPA Rating Explanation Guide
RATING HEALTH FLAMMABILITY INSTABILITY RATING SPECIAL
NUMBER HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD HAZARD
Will vaporize May explode
4 Can be lethal
and readily burn
at normal
temperatures

at normal
temperature and
pressures

ALK Alkaline
Can be ignited ACD Acidic
3
Can cause serious under almost all May explode at
or permanent ambient high temperature
injury temperatures or shoke
COR Corrosive

Chemical Hazards Awareness Training

Can cause Must be heated or Violent chemical
2 temporary
incapacitiation or
residual injury
high ambient
temperature to
burn

change at high
temperature or
pressures
OX Oxidizing
Radioactive
1
Can cause Must be Normaly stable.
significant preheated before High temperature
irritation ignition can occur make unstable Reacts volently or
W oxplosively with
water
0 No hazard Will not burn Stable
W OX
Reacts violently or
oxplosively with
water and oxidizing

78
This chart is for reference only. For complete specifications, consult the NFPA 104 Standard
work place environmental division

© 2016 Saudi Aramco.