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64 views15 pagesTutorial Problems
Tutorial problems on digital communications.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
64 views15 pagesTutorial Problems
Tutorial problems on digital communications.
Uploaded by
firasalraieCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Qi.
Ans;
Tutorial Problems to Gmmuntacion Eng.
Digital data are te be Lransmitted over the
Lelephone channel with a mMAaXimuns data rate
of SséKbes. 1% Le op erating pandwidth of the
telephone Nannerl is approxirnately 2Kaz, thea
dekeamne tne minimure signal to Noise rekio at
be channel outpur required for re Valle
Lyansmission of data.
CHB log, (1+ SNPS
Ss =\og, (V+SN®)
Rameroer Enat if log, C= then sel
dB
yx SvnR = 2
c/8
sve =2 —-)
(56/2) a. 66
sye= 2% 3.2 ~) 34159354 -!
= 4) 5934-4
SNR (AB) =\e leg (4159344) = 5S AB.
Minimum required sve = 56 ae
aoe Q2- Binary data are transmitted through an AWGN
channel with sny@=SdB and bandwidth of
B ve. Channe) coding ts used +o ensure reliable
Cornrnricartor -
&) What fs the marian bik rate for data transmision
in tems of channe\ bandwidth 7
b) If the bit rate is mcreased te 3B, how wudy
the channe) sve must bele ensure reltable
aang miss To of data 7
Ans.
@) Roun = © = B leg, A+SNR)
sue =Sa8 = Vous oe
Rownaxy = B leq, Clt 3162)
=e eat4.t62
=e. os
jeg C2)
Sos)
2 tsk
= Rena + 2B
¥ C= 3B=B leg, (14 SR)
log, (1+ SNRO=3
\a SuR =z = 8
syR=g-laF
Swe CAB) = le beg (FI = 4% 45 dB
2 SHR BAS AB Q3. An analeg scgnal scLb) = 2 cos (geoITL ig be be
ideally sampled with a sampling frequency \igher
anan the Nyquist vate by Soh -
\. Sketeh the spectrum of the message stynal X(D-
2. Caleulate Me sampling Freanency .
2. Sketch the spectrum of the sampled stana)
Xs h *
y. Determine & possible range for the cake ff
frequency, of the lew-pass filter required
Le veayer the ortginal message signal.
=O f° 82%. = ‘feo Ve
X( = SCP-Sad+ SA fw)
x@)
foes
USS a CHz)
Yoo 9
@ feats fy ays xC2fm) = S (2x4es)
= \2oo Kz
® Xs)
een
Tyee 807 Yoo 2 Oe Boo \- £02)
f.2\200
@ fa fe < fs—Lm
Be sere fe aot Wega Coote
ola Qu.
QU: An analog signal 2l) 15 charactertRed
)
ee Frequency Brpeckrum gaol nat +
‘ | tac $< Ve
KOs a
oO
elsewner€
1
at's otgnal 1S to oe sampled and sent via aPOM
2. Selec a guitable sampling Frequenty
auraranky a quardieand of dootle between ne
adjacent spectral srdeloands ef the sampled
ade + ayoidh Al\tasing -
sognel
3. stern ne spetorus of tne samerted segnal
75) -
4. perenne a ewiteble cao ff Preauency (or
Lion gi ber de reaver rhe
br wr
ae apaut distor ter
oct any me s543% srgnn solute »
SoM
© Xx
£c\cHh2)
aN co \
B= fn =i K He
© f,=2'+Ba
Beenie ecco
BO One a
® Xs)
nanl mse
Wee Wiel Che) ae Sek > FKMa)
@ \ooe < ie < \206
Let fos \oothe = lel kee Qs. An anal, Signal sechy= 3.25 sin(art) ts
Vdeally sameled with a saxieling vate of g samples
per Second anh Men apelied te a unifermn quantizer
whose output takes on the values o, 1,42, 42
vo \ts.
ad) Debermine Me quantizer parameters anol slelch
ths inpct Jouteuk eharackertst'c .
) sveth Me waveform of the sameled signal
far ene comglete cycle (2 Samples).
co) Steteh ene waveferm of the catput quantized
Signal for one covaplebe
Solution 3
cycle.
a Qa? , A=1'V
I
|
{
1
i)
oe
by Gao =o (25 See
xée (NTs) = 3:28 SINCE)
—6- Sample index n | Xe (4) | 24)
\ 22ers
24
2 B.258 3
3 2s) 2
4 ° a
iS —2-3 eo)
é -3.25 -2
z oa hy
3
~32s
Xo Q6. An analog signal has a 4 KHz bandwtdth.
The stanal is sameled at 2-5 bimes he Nyquist
rabe and each samgle is quantized inte one of
256 \evels . The quantized samples ace then
encoded and sent over a baseband AWGIN
channel .
a) Find te chaba rate of he transmitted
pom signal -
&» can the data be Lransmittect without
yer Ene communication channel *F
and
errors °
the channel \oandwrdth ws Yolk \42
its swe vs 234a8?
© What will be the randwidth wequtrements
ek the channed far Eoismiveing the
extpab oF the PCM system without enor
the SNR ts lode 7
solution:
Gen Uke
R= S56
a2 Fy
ee ee ee
©
fy= ln =2X4= 9 Ke
fo cash, =2-Sxe = 20 Khe
Ro=n f= gxze =l6oKbps
~~. b) C=Blog, (1+SNRQ)
ou
SNE =1O P= 199-52 = 200
es 3
C=Hoxrex leg, (\422°)
wees
= 4o KO x
{e402
220.6 Khes
Roc
ES pnisstan & possible
‘S
ce) sneale
Cw Ca ilies
log Ctl)
Beatties a araemeeriay
pogl®)
aC 7. :
DF. An analeg svanal xb =4 sin caxt) ts fdeally,
and encoded using & z-bit
Pom system - The. saumgling yate ts Y Samples per
and the quantizer ws of Ne uniform
pee-stze ef \ yolt .
bers and sketch
sampled, quantized,
second
miadtise type with a
a) DelLermine Me quantizer parame!
its Kagat/owepet charackertste -
wy svete the re Correa: sampled signal
for one cornplete cycle of the input.
<) Sketch bre woueferm ef the quantized
for one complete cycle C4 Samples).
resul bing PCM wave foc one
ma that vmpolar NZ
signal
ay steko the
com@ ere cycle assun
(ono FF > stanaling tS used.
solutions
xb) = 4Sin (ert)
a) A=\Vv
Very, = UV o Vin = —4V
fy samples / sec
Qa VnaxaVemia y-(-4) _ 3
oo ana B levels
La
—lo- 1 = 6.25 sec
-s all
xen ts) = YU sity (20NTs J
2¢Un)
ocOy=4 :
hD=? i :
woOD=
cup? -y
©) fer nel, xqay=3.SV
fer NSU, Ma lz = OSV
for N=3, Xe (3o=—3SV
Moe Ne aoa) aco
Ne d) Use 2 bits/samele , N=3
N = leg. Q = leg,(B = 2
The codtng table is shawn below.
rq LE) XeemlY)
SES oe0
-2-S oo)
lb 5 a lo
~o.S o\l
o.s Wor)
kes) Jo)
a) jie
oN) Lu
ae QB. B Gaussian vende variable x has Ele
probability density functions
f \ _ Cest2)°
OO = as & oo
30"
Express the following probabilities im terms of
Bre Q-Luncttor:
a PCX¥N)
= i \W-32
Q “es
2 \- RU) = Q (YE)
we vemenbered Unat aie \- Qu)
by) PLe12}
=Q eae = pert iy 3
eee
a ae Je) = 5) QO- ~The probability density fanetsron of
a. unt farm Jom varrable X (s given by,
Se
_$ b-o ny
ie vo) = [ é athecwise
ems Sin 2
sah : fy)
\
lues is. ance
ane rveat val ‘ o-4% L =
doe
My = ELXI= Ne bea
= 4 (ar)
The mean oe value PS
xt a Cb +ab +a’)
a
5
Etxy=S°=
Chorefore ,
ote ECXI-(ECKI)
= eas 4b) 4 (abezab yb)
=) ca-by*
\2
-\4— Bro An angleg stanal sclt) = 2 cos(2rXxect)
is te be hbramamrbted via a oelta-
modulator Naning a step- size A=W.
Ek the minimum sampling frequency
f, m order be ave the Sle pe ~overload
distortion -
5o\y
xo avord slope overload olistertion ,
Axe ss
\ae\ ae
ov
ax Adm
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