ATHARVA COLLEGE OF
COMMERCE AND SCIENCE
NAGANUR
BIOHACK BY PRASHANT INGALGI
BIOTECHNOLOGY
PRINCIPLES & PROCESSES
• Based on active recall and spaced repetition
• Target 360/360 in NEET Biology & 100/100 in Boards!
• PRINCIPLES & TOOLS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. EFB full form -
2. The 2 core technique that enable the birth of modern biotechnology are -
3. ________ is a specific DNA sequence which is responsible for initiating replication. (NEET)
4. Autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA is_____________(NEET)
5. First recombinant DNA was formed by ______ and _______ (scientists) in the year _____, by
working on _________bacteria. (NEET)
6. Plasmid of _____ bacteria was taken and then it was inserted after modification in ________bacteria.
7. ________ are known as molecular scissors. (NEET)
8. The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with the enzyme
________ (NEET)
9. 3 basic steps in genetically modifying as organism is -
10. In 1963, the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in
Escherichia coli were isolated. What was the function of both of them ?
11. First restriction endonuclease was - (NEET)
12. What is the difference between endonuclease and exonuclease ?
13. How are restriction endonucleases named ?
14. Hind II palindromic sequence has ___ no. of base pairs.
15. Today we know more than ____ (no.) restriction enzymes that are isolated from ____
(no.) strains of bacteria.
16.________________________________In EcoRI, R is derived from the name of (NEET)
17. EcoRI comes from bacteria - (full name) (NEET)
18. Each restriction endonuclease recognizes a specific _________ in the DNA. (NEET)
19. Palindromic nucleotide sequence of EcoRI is -
20.The DNA fragments are separated by a technique known as - (NEET)
21._________In gel electrophoresis, the matrix used is of ______ (material) which is a natural polymer
extracted from___(NEET)
22.___________________Agarose gel provides effect. (NEET)
23. DNA fragments are visualised only after staining it with _______ followed by exposure to _______
24. Red/orange coloured bands of DNA are seen.
25. The separated bands of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This step
is known as ________
26. All types of plasmids are present in equal numbers
in the cell. T/F
27. ________ is responsible for controlling copying numbers of the linked DNA. (NEET)
28. The normal E coli. carry resistance to ampicillin. T/F (NEET)
29. Give examples of selectable markers for E. coli (4) - H A B
30. Cloning sites should be preferably single/double. G
31. What are transformants? C
32. What are recombinants?
F
33.The two antibiotic resistance genes in pBR322 are -
P Q
34. pBR322 have restriction sites for (6) - Diga D
35.Rop gene codes for - Q. 1
36.Restriction sites in tetR are - (2) R
S
37. Restriction sites in ampR are - (2)
38. Restriction site in rop is -
39. "Insertional
inactivation" help is selection of transformants/recombinants. E
40. In chromogenic selection, DNA is inserted in the coding sequence of _________enzyme. (NEET)
41._________________________________In absence of any insert, the colonies give colour.
42. ________ is able to deliver a piece of T-DNA. (NEET)
43. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogen of monocot/dicot plants.
44. T-DNA transforms normal cells to tumor cells. T/F
45. ______ in animals have the ability to transform normal cells to cancerous cells.
46. Plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is called _______
47.Host are made competent by treating them with specific concentration of_____________ion.
48.Heat shock is of _____°C.
49.Recombinant DNA is forced into cells by changing temperature. Tell how ?
50. In ________ (method), recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell.
51. In plants, cells are bombarded with high/low velocity microparticles of ____ and ____ coated with
DNA in a method known as _____ or _____
DigaQ. 2. What process is going on?
• PROCESSES OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
52. _______ is used to break bacterial membranes, ______ is used to break plant cells and
______ is used to break fungal cells. (NEET)
53.Purified DNA ultimately precipitates out after the addition of_____________________(NEET)
54. Why does DNA precipitate after adding chilled ethanol ?
55. _________ is employed to check the progression of a
DigaQ. 3
restriction enzyme digestion. (NEET)
56.DNA moves towards the positive electrode (cathode). T/F G
57.PCR full form - (NEET) A
58.The 3 steps of PCR are -
F
59.If a PCR cycle runs 30 times, it will produce _____ times B
the initial amount of desired DNA sequence put into the system. E
60. ______ no. of copies of desired genes will be produced after
D
the end of first 5 cycles of PCR.
61. DNA polymerase used in PCR is isolated from bacteria - (NEET)
62. The DNA polymerase in PCR is known as _______
63.If any protein encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous
host, it is called _______protein.
64. In continuous culture systems, cells maintain themselves in log DigaQ. 4
phase. T/F
65.________ phase in the physiologically most active phase.
A
66.In bioreactors, ____-____ litres of culture can be processed.
67._______________________________The commonly used bioreactors are of type. B
68. A stirred-tank has a curved/flat base.
69. The bioreactors have many systems attached to them.
Name them all. (6)
70.______ and ______ are collectively referred to as
downstream processing. (NEET)
71. The downstream processing and quality control testing
vary from product to product. T/F
