EE-215: Electronic Devices and Circuits
Assign # 3 Section: A Spring 2024
Author Name: Mamona Sadaf Reg. No.: 418762
Marks: 30
Statement.
For the common emitter npn BJT circuit shown below, base current, Ib, varies from a very low
value, e.g. 1nA, to a higher value.
(1) Plot Ic - Ib characteristics.
(2) Plot VCE - Ib characteristics.
(3) Plot VBC - Ib characteristics.
(4) Plot current gain (Ic/Ib) as a function of Ib.
Identify active and saturation modes in each plot.
(5) Draw the large-scale equivalent circuit for each region identifying terminal voltages and
currents.
(6) Discuss the conclusions (brief, in bulleted form).
VCC IC
VCE
VBC -
+
IB
Parameters. Choose parameters that best suits. your assignment.
-1 ) Plot Ic - Ib characteristics.
1
Considering the Vcc is fixed at 5 Volts and Ib is varying from 1nA to 5A as given in problem
statement.
Fig 1.1: The circuit of given figure with current markers on Ib and Ic
2
Fig 1.1:
Figure 1.2: The resultant graph showing Ib and Ic characteristics of a bjt.
This relationship describes how the Collector current (Ic) varies with the Base current
(Ib) for a given Collector-Emitter voltage (VCE).
It's plotted with Ic on the y-axis and Ib on the x-axis.
The curve is non-linear, with a sharp increase in Ic for small Ib values, followed by a
gradual rise as Ib increases further.
3
-2: Plot VCE - Ib characteristics
Fig 2.1: Graph of Vce Vs Ib
4
This relationship shows how the Collector-Emitter voltage (VCE) varies with the Base
current (Ib).
In the active region, VCE remains relatively constant over a wide range of Ib values.
As Ib approaches zero (cut-off region), VCE increases significantly.
-3: Plot VBC - Ib characteristics.
Fig 3.1:
-4: Plot current gain (Ic/Ib) as a function of Ib.
5
Fig 4.1:
This graph indicates that the value of Beta is almost constant in the active region.
-5: Large-scale equivalent circuit for each region:
6- Conclusion:
6
Active Region Amplification: Small changes in base current (Ib) proportionally increase
collector current (Ic) until saturation, where Ic plateaus.
Vce vs. Ib: With no base current (Ib = 0), Vce nearly equals Vcc. As Ib increases (active
region), Vce decreases, stabilizing around 0.2V in saturation.
Base-Emitter Junction Activation: At zero base current (Ib = 0), the base-emitter junction is
reverse-biased (inactive). Increasing Ib forward-biases the junction, allowing current flow
(activation). Vbe rises with Ib, reaching 0.7-0.8V (active & saturation).
Current Gain (β): β initially increases with Ib (active region) but then decreases as Ib
approaches saturation.
Base Current Control: Ib controls the much larger Ic in the active region, making the BJT a
current amplifier.
Region Impact: These points mainly apply to the active region. In cut-off (very low Ib), Ic
and β are negligible. In saturation (high Ib), Ic plateaus, and the BJT acts more like a switch.
