Quantitative research will be used to determine the water demand and supply of the people in the
area whereby the respondent will be asked the same questions about the quality of water used on
daily basis
3.3.2 Qualitative research design
This is a process of gathering structuring and interpreting qualitative data to understand what it
represents qualitative data is non-numeric information which uses sevrela techniques such as
interviews focus groups and observation. Qualitative research can be based on grounded theory
narrative research historical case studies and phenomenology. It is concerned with establishing
answers to the whys and how’s of the phenomenon in questions.
Qualitative research design will be used to determine how the transmission lines and pipelines
will be designed to enhance distribution of water .
I will also be used to determine the suitable methods of recycling water to required health
standards.
3.2.3 Mixed method research design
This is a research approach whereby researcher and analyze both quantitative and qualitative
data within same study.
Mixed method will be used to determine how the current water demand and supply has affected
the health and social-economic infrastructure and it can be fixed.
3.3 Study Area
Fig
The area in the shade region is the area to be designed a water supply system
3.4 Materials
3.4.1 Materials used
- Polyvinyl Chloride (pvc)
- Cast iron
- Copper
- Steel
- Cross-linked polyethylene
- Concreat
- Plumbing valves
- UPVC pipes
3.4.2 Tools and equipment
- Excavators
- Steel pipes
- Pumps
- Storage tanks
- Solar panels
- Water pump pliers
- Pipe bending machine
- Water meters keys
- Pipe cutter
- Pipe wrench
3.5 Data Collection Method/ Procedure
3.5.1 design of a method of recycling water1.
1) selection suitable treatment process
2) Defining water quality requirements
3) Assessing the water demand in the area
4) Selecting equipment’s and materials to be used during the recycling process
5) Assessing safety of water treated.
3.5.2 Designing a Water Distribution System That Will Supply Clean Water
1) Determining the water demand of the area
2) Collecting data on the challenges facing the existing water through questionnaires.
3) Selecting the valves and control devices to be used in the distribution system
4) Selecting the pipes and storage tanks to be used.
5) Determining the size of the pipelines.
3.5.3 Designing transmission lines storage tanks and to enhance supply.
1) Selecting the most suitable storage tanks that is easy to install and last long
2) Gather information on the proposed water sources to help the pumps to be sued.
3) Determine the pump selection and sizing of the inlet
4) Determine the source of power to run the pumps.
5) Consider the chemical properties of sourced water
6) Consider the properties of alignment of the system.
7) Determining the maximum head and presents of the pumps to be used.
8) Consider the flow rate of the pumps.
3.5.4 Estimating the costing of the project
1) Determining the construction material costs
2) Consider the inflation factor
3) Consider the site conditions
4) Considering the quality and availability of the materials
5) Local labour charges
6) The scale and scope of construction.
3.5.5 Bill of quantities
Abstracting – it is the process of collecting all the quantities taken off into a single total for each
element that can then be transferred in to the BQ.
Taking off- dimensions of work are calculated and scaled off from the drawing and centered into
the dimension paper or computerized formats and a description of work as per the specifications
included
Billing –items and their associated are transferred into standard billing sheets where are
organized.
3.6 data analysis and presentation
The data collected from various sources was then analyzed to produce the desired outcome
3.6.1 Design of a method of recycling water.
Return activated sludge process method of recycling was used.
It is primarily a biologic system but also uses basics physical and chemical principles to removes
contaminated water. The requirements and materials to be used were selected. Filtration
equipment’s such as filter membrane filter holders and vacuum pumps were selected to be used
to separate suspended solid and particulate meter from water samples.
Water quality reports were analyzed through the qualitative analysis techniques.
3.6.2 designing a water distribution system that will supply safe drinking water.
Isiolo water and Sewerage Company provided information on the population of the area which
was used to determine water utilization of the area.
The maps provided information on topography through observation of contour lines.
This was sued to evaluate if water would flow by gravity from the source to the project location
or whether it would be necessary to pump to the high altitude route would be chosen where
would flow by gravity.
3.6.3 Designing transmission lines storage tanks and pumps to enhance supply
The pumps selection and sizing was done by abtainng the hydraulic flow rate and pipe
parameters.
The source of power to run the pumps was found to be hydroelectric power was about 200m
from the dam and solar energy since the area has high temperature range and solar radiation.
When selecting the water sources quantity, quality and feasibility of water is considered.
In cases of a cloudy day where solar energy cannot be used to pump water diesel engines,
generators or electric motors can be used.
Polyethylene plastic tanks wre chosen for storage purposes. Thry have the following
characteristics.
1) Easy installation
2) Long lifespan of 25yrs
3) UV- resistant
4) Are rust and corrosion free
5) Are cost effective.
3.6.4 Estimating the cost of the project
Through online survery of different manufactures, the cost of materials and equipment’s to be
used was determined.
The inflation costs was estimated and set aside to avoid inconveniences.
The availability of local resources was considered to enable reduce the cost of the projects
through transportation cost of materials that can be found locally.
