5-2 Composition of Functions

Given and , find each value.

1.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
7

2.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
28

3.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
103

4.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

5.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
147

6.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

7.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
3

8.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
327

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5-2 Composition of Functions

9.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
4

For each pair of functions, find and , if they exist. State the domain and range for each composed
function.
10. f = {(2, 5), (6, 10), (12, 9), (7, 6)}
g = {(9, 11), (6, 15), (10, 13), (5, 8)}

SOLUTION:
The range of is not a subset of the domain of .
So, is undefined.

Therefore:

ANSWER:
is undefined, D = ,R= ;
.

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5-2 Composition of Functions

11. f = {(–5, 4), (14, 8), (12, 1), (0, –3)}

g = {(–2, –4), (–3, 2), (–1, 4), (5, –6)}

SOLUTION:
The range of is not a subset of the domain of .
So, is undefined.

Therefore:

ANSWER:
is undefined, D = ,R= ; .

Find and , if they exist. State the domain and range for each composed function.

12.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

13.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

14. MODELING Dora has 8% of her earnings deducted from her paycheck for a college savings plan. She can choose
to take the deduction either before taxes are withheld, which reduces her taxable income, or after taxes are withheld.
Dora's tax rate is 17.5%. If her pay before taxes and deductions is $950, will she save more money if the deductions
are taken before or after taxes are withheld? Explain.

SOLUTION:
Let x represent Dora’s pay before taxes and deductions, d(x) represent the amount of pay after deductions are
taken for the college savings and t(x) represent the amount of pay after taxes are taken.
8% is deducted for the college savings plan. d(x) = x - 0.08x
Taxes are withheld at a rate of 17.5%. t(x) = x - 0.175x

If the college deduction is taken before taxes, then the final pay Dora receives is represented by

If the taxes are withheld before the college deduction is taken, then the final pay Dora receives is represented by
.

and .
The amount taken from her paycheck is 950 – 721.05 = 228.95.
If the college deduction is taken before taxes, 950 – 874 = 76 is the amount that will go toward the college savings
plan and the remaining 228.95 – 76 = 152.95 will go to taxes.
If the taxes are taken before the college savings fund, 950 – 783.75 = 166.25 will go toward taxes and the remaining
228.95 – 166.25 = 62.70 will go to her college plan.

Either way, she will have $228.95 taken from her paycheck. If she takes the college savings plan deduction before
taxes, $76 will go to her college plan and $152.95 will go to taxes. If she takes the college savings plan deduction after
taxes, only $62.70 will go to her college plan and $166.25 will go to taxes.

ANSWER:
Either way, she will have $228.95 taken from her paycheck. If she takes the college savings plan deduction before
taxes, $76 will go to her college plan and $152.95 will go to taxes. If she takes the college savings plan deduction after
taxes, only $62.70 will go to her college plan and $166.25 will go to taxes.

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5-2 Composition of Functions

Given , , and , find each value.

15.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

16.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

17.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
9

18.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
5

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5-2 Composition of Functions

19.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

20.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
5

21.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

22.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
0

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5-2 Composition of Functions

23.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

For each pair of functions, find and , if they exist. State the domain and range for each composed
function.
24. f = {(–8, –4), (0, 4), (2, 6), (–6, –2)}
g = {(4, –4), (–2, –1), (–4, 0), (6, –5)}

SOLUTION:

Therefore:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

25. f = {(–7, 0), (4, 5), (8, 12), (–3, 6)}

g = {(6, 8), (–12, –5), (0, 5), (5, 1)}

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

26. f = {(5, 13), (–4, –2), (–8, –11), (3, 1)}

g = {(–8, 2), (–4, 1), (3, –3), (5, 7)}

SOLUTION:
The range of is not a subset of the domain of .
So, is undefined, D = ,R=
The range of is not a subset of the domain of .
So, is undefined, D = ,R=

ANSWER:
is undefined, D = ,R= ; is undefined; D = ,R= .

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5-2 Composition of Functions

27. f = {(–4, –14), (0, –6), (–6, –18), (2, –2)}

g = {(–6, 1), (–18, 13), (–14, 9), (–2, –3)}

SOLUTION:
The range of is not a subset of the domain of .
So, is undefined, D = ,R= .

ANSWER:
is undefined, D = ,R= ; ,D= ,R=
.

28. f = {(–15, –5), (–4, 12), (1, 7), (3, 9)}

g = {(3, –9), (7, 2), (8, –6), (12, 0)}

SOLUTION:
The range of is not a subset of the domain of .
So, is undefined, D = ,R= .

ANSWER:
is undefined, D = ,R= ; .

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5-2 Composition of Functions

29. f = {(–1, 11), (2, –2), (5, –7), (4, –4)}

g = {(5, –4), (4, –3), (–1, 2), (2, 3)}

SOLUTION:

The range of is not a subset of the domain of .

So, is undefined, D = ,R= .

ANSWER:
; is undefined, D = ,R= .

30. f = {(7, –3), (–10, –3), (–7, -8), (–3, 6)}

g = {(4, –3), (3, –7), (9, 8), (–4, –4)}

SOLUTION:

The range of is not a subset of the domain of .

So, is undefined, D = ,R= .

ANSWER:
; is undefined, D = ,R= .

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5-2 Composition of Functions

31. f = {(1, –1), (2, –2), (3, –3), (4, –4)}

g = {(1, –4), (2, –3), (3, –2), (4, –1)}

SOLUTION:
The range of is not a subset of the domain of .
So, is undefined, D = ,R= .
The range of is not a subset of the domain of .
So, is undefined, D = ,R= .

ANSWER:
is undefined, D = ,R= ; is undefined, D = ,R= .

32. f = {(–4, –1), (–2, 6), (–1, 10), (4, 11)}

g = {(–1, 5), (3, –4), (6, 4), (10, 8)}

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

33. f = {(12, –3), (9, –2), (8, –1), (6, 3)}

g = {(–1, 5), (–2, 6), (–3, –1), (–4, 8)}

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

Find and , if they exist. State the domain and range for each composed function.

34.

SOLUTION:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

ANSWER:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

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5-2 Composition of Functions

35.

SOLUTION:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

ANSWER:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

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5-2 Composition of Functions

36.

SOLUTION:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

ANSWER:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

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5-2 Composition of Functions

37.

SOLUTION:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ –14}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ –10}

ANSWER:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ –14}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ –10}

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5-2 Composition of Functions

38.

SOLUTION:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ –11}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ –17}

ANSWER:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ –11}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ –17}

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5-2 Composition of Functions

39.

SOLUTION:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 0.875}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 6.5}

ANSWER:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 0.875}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 6.5}

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5-2 Composition of Functions

40.

SOLUTION:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

ANSWER:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {all real numbers}

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5-2 Composition of Functions

41.

SOLUTION:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 1}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 0}

ANSWER:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 1}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 0}

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5-2 Composition of Functions

42.

SOLUTION:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 0}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 0}

ANSWER:

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 0}

, D = {all real numbers}, R = {y | y ≥ 0}

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5-2 Composition of Functions

43. SENSE-MAKING Ms. Smith wants to buy a home theater system, which is on sale for 35% off the original price of
$2299. The sales tax is 6.25%.

a. Write two functions representing the price after the discount p(x) and the price after sales tax t(x).
b. Which composition of functions represents the price of the home theater system, or ? Explain
your reasoning.
c. How much will Ms. Smith pay for the home theater system?

SOLUTION:
a. Let p(x) be the price after the discount where x is the original price.
Discount = 35%(x) = 0.35x
Therefore:

Let t(x) be the price after the sales tax.

Sales tax = 6.25%(x) = 0.0625x
Therefore:

b. Since = , either function represents the price.

c.

Substitute x = 2299.

Therefore, Mr. Smith will pay $1587.75 for the home theater system.

ANSWER:
a. p(x) = 0.65x; t(x) = 1.0625x
b. Because = , either function represents the price.
c. $1587.75

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5-2 Composition of Functions

If f(x) = 5x, g(x) = –2x + 1, and h(x) = x 2 + 6x + 8, find each value.

44.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
–30a + 5

45.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
5a 2 + 70a + 240

46.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
–10a 2 + 10a + 1

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5-2 Composition of Functions

Use the table to find each value.

47.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2

48.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
1

49.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

50.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
0

51.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

52.

SOLUTION:

The table does not have values for x = 5, so this is undefined.

ANSWER:
undefined

53.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

54.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2

Use the graph of f(x) and g(x) to find each value.

55.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

56.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

57.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

58.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
0

If f(x) = x + 2, g(x) = –4x + 3, and h(x) = x 2 – 2x + 1, find each value.

59.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
1

60.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
–33

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5-2 Composition of Functions

61.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
256

62. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS You will explore and if f(x) = x2 + 1 and g(x) = x –
3.

a. Tabular Make a table showing values for and .

b. Graphical Use a graphing calculator to graph and on the same coordinate plane.
c. Verbal Explain the relationship between [f ◦ g](x), and [g ◦ f](x).

SOLUTION:
a.

b.

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5-2 Composition of Functions

c. The functions are translations of the graph of y = x2.

ANSWER:
a.

b.

c. Sample answer: The functions are translations of the graph of y = x 2.

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5-2 Composition of Functions

63. REASONING Copy and complete the table. Use the following clues and logical reasoning to help you.

f(x) and g(x) are linear functions.

x f(x) g(x)
1
2
3
4 6 10
5

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

Given that and , find each composition.

64.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

65.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

66.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

67. Suppose and , where p and q are positive integers. What can you say about the power of
and ? Explain.

SOLUTION:
Each composition will have power pq. .

ANSWER:
Each composition will have power pq. .

68. OPEN-ENDED Write two functions f(x) and g(x) such that .

SOLUTION:
Another way to write is f(g(x)). Write a function for g(x) first and then evaluate it. Let g(x) = x + 5.
Then g(4) = 4 + 5 or 9. Next, write a function for f(x) such that when x = 9, f(x) = 0. Let f(x) = x – 9 then f(g(4)) =
9 – 9 or 0.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: f(x) = x – 9, g(x) = x + 5

69. CRITIQUE REASONING Denise and Keiko were asked to find given that and
. Is either of them correct? Explain your reasoning. If neither student is correct, provide the correct
answer.

SOLUTION:
Neither is correct; Denise multiplied the functions instead of finding the composition; Keiko did not apply the
distributive property correctly;

ANSWER:
Neither is correct; Denise multiplied the functions instead of finding the composition; Keiko did not apply the
distributive property correctly;

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5-2 Composition of Functions

70. CHALLENGE Given that , find

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
106

71. REASONING State whether each statement is sometimes, always, or never true. Explain.

a. The domain of two functions f(x) and g(x) that are composed g[f(x)] is restricted by the domain of f(x).
b. The domain of two functions f(x) and g(x) that are composed g[f(x)] is restricted by the domain of g(x).

SOLUTION:
a. Always; since the range is dependent on the domain, the domain of g[f(x)] is restricted by the domain of f(x).

b. Sometimes; when f(x) = 4x and g(x) = , g[f(x)] = . The domain of g(x) restricts the domain of
g[f(x)]. When f(x) = 4x2 and g(x) = , g[f(x)] = . In this case, the domain of g(x) does not restrict the
domain of g[f(x)].

ANSWER:
a. Always; since the range is dependent on the domain, the domain of g[f(x)] is restricted by the domain of f(x).

b. Sometimes; when f(x) = 4x and g(x) = , g[f(x)] = . The domain of g(x) restricts the domain of
g[f(x)]. When f(x) = 4x2 and g(x) = , g[f(x)] = . In this case, the domain of g(x) does not restrict the
domain of g[f(x)].

72. WRITING IN MATH In the real world, why would you ever perform a composition of functions?

SOLUTION:
Many situations in the real world involve complex calculations in which multiple functions are used. In order to
solve some problems, a composition of those functions may need to be used. For example, the product of a
manufacturing plant may have to go through several processes in a particular order, in which each process is
described by a function. By finding the composition, only one calculation must be made to find the solution to the
problem.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: Many situations in the real world involve complex calculations in which multiple functions are used.
In order to solve some problems, a composition of those functions may need to be used. For example, the product
of a manufacturing plant may have to go through several processes in a particular order, in which each process is
described by a function. By finding the composition, only one calculation must be made to find the solution to the
problem.

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5-2 Composition of Functions

73. What is the value of if and ?

D 23

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
C

74. Let . What is the value of f(f(3))?

A2
B 10
C 82
D 101

SOLUTION:
First, evaluate f(3).

Next, evaluate f(f(3)).

The correct choice is D.

ANSWER:
D

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5-2 Composition of Functions

75. For which pair(s) of functions is a quadratic function?

A and

B and

C and

D and

E and

F and

SOLUTION:
A

ANSWER:
A, B, F

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5-2 Composition of Functions

76. If and , which of the following is ?

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
A

77. Find for the following functions.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-2 Composition of Functions

78. Find for the following functions.

A
B
C 77
D 629

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
D

79. The graphs of f(x) and g(x) are shown.

What is ?

A
B
C2
D4

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
B

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5-2 Composition of Functions

80. If and , what is the value of ?

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
25

81. MULTI-STEP Amelia is shopping at an online store. Shipping for each order costs a flat fee of $6.75. Sales tax is
8%.

a. Let x represent the cost of an order before shipping or sales tax. Write a function s(x) that represents the cost of
an order with shipping, and a function t(x) that represents the cost of an order with sales tax.

b. Find and explain what this function represents.

c. Find and explain what this function represents.

d. Will Amelia get a better deal if the shipping fee is applied to the order before sales tax, or after sales tax? Explain.

SOLUTION:
a.

b. ; this represents the final cost of an order if sales tax is applied before the shipping fee.

c. ; this represents the final cost of an order if the shipping fee is applied before the sales
tax.
d. After; for any value of x, 1.08x + 6.75 is less than 1.08x + 7.29.

ANSWER:
a.

b. ; this represents the final cost of an order if sales tax is applied before the shipping fee.

c. ; this represents the final cost of an order if the shipping fee is applied before the sales
tax.
d. After; for any value of x, 1.08x + 6.75 is less than 1.08x + 7.29.

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