Review
DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation
Activity!
Hulaan Mo!
Wolverine
Hulk
Ninja
Turtle
GENETIC
MUTATIONS
Nikko Jan H. Quimpan
Student Teacher
Learning
Objectives
Identify the different types of mutations and
their possible results.
Distinguish the types of mutations through
their process.
Value the importance of having
knowledge of molecular genetics in our
lives.
Activity
Time
MUTATION:
Changes in the sequence of nitrogenous
bases in the DNA.
“MUTAGENS” are agents that includes genetic
mutations by causing changes in the DNA
sequence, often through chemical, physical, or
biological means.
MUTATION:
Mutations may happen in sex cells
(germline mutation) or body cells
(Somatic mutation).
Only mutations in sex cells are passed on to
offspring. Mutations in body cells are not
passes on to the next generation.
TYPES OF MUTATIONS
CHROMOSOMAL
MUTATIONS
GENE MUTATIONS
TYPES OF MUTATIONS
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
Chromosomal mutations involve
changes in the structure or
number of chromosome within
an organism’s cells.
TYPES OF CHROMOSOMAL
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
STRUCTURAL MUTATIONS
NUMERICAL MUTATION
Refer to alterations in the number
of chromosomes within a cell.
The addition or deletion of the
chromosome nujmber is called
aneuploidy.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
Monosomy is the
deletion of chromosome
from the normal
chromosome number.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
Trisomy is the addition
of one chromosome to
the normal chromosome
number of an organism.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
Down Syndrome- is an example of
numerical mutation (trisomy) that
involves the nondisjuction of the
21st pair of human chromosome.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
When nondisjunction involves
an entire set of chrimosome. It
is called polyploidy.
It is very beneficial to plants.
STRUCTURAL MUTATION
Occurs when DNA structure changes
four types of structural mutations
in chromosome: translocation,
Inversion, deletion, and
duplication.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
Translocation- transfer of genetic
material between two non-homologous
chromosomes that involves a single
break in each of the two chromosomes.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
Myeloid Leukemia - a type of
cancer in which the bone marrow
makes a large number of
abnormal blood cells.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
Inversion- when two
chromosomes break, the
broken ends reattach in a
reverse order.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
Deletion- the consequent loss
of one or more genes due to
breaks in an chromosome.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
Cri du chat-a rare genetic disorder
caused by missing pieces on a
particular chromosome. It is not the
result of anything the parents have
done or failed to do.
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS
Duplication- when portions
of chromosomes are
present in multiple copies.
TYPES OF MUTATIONS
GENE MUTATION
Gene mutation is a permanent
alteration in the DNA sequence of
a gene, potentially leading to For example, a G
change in protein structure or (guanine) might be
swapped for a C
(cytosine).
function.
TYPES OF GENE MUTATIONS
BASE SUBSTITUITION/POINT
MUTATION
BASE INSERTION OR
DELETION
BASE SUBSTITUTION/POINT
MUTATION
This occurs when one nucleotide is
substituted with another that results
in the mutated codon coding for the
type of amino acid as the original
codon.
BASE INSERTION OR DELETION
This mutation is often more
disastrous than a base
substitution because it involves
insertion or deletion of a number
of nucleotides.
Activity
Check Mo Ko!
GM CM
1. Can be inherited?
2. Can result from environmental exposure?
3. Typically affects a larger segment of DNA?
4. Can occur during DNA replication?
GM CM
5. Can occur during cell division?
6. Can lead to changes in chromosome number?
7. May result in a nonfunctional protein?
8. Can involve swapping of genetic material
between chromosomes?
QUESTION
1. What is mutation?
2. What can be the cause of mutation?
3. How do gene mutation differ from
chromosomal mutation?
4. What are the different types of
chromosomal mutation?
INDIVIDUAL WORK
Procedure.
In a 1/2 sheet of paper answer the question
below
Question:
1. Does the knowledge of molecular genetics may
affect your lives? How?
THANK
YOU!
